A separable multi-functional bolt capable of real-time displacement monitoring and its usage method

Abstract

A separable multi-functional bolt capable of real-time displacement monitoring and its usage method disclosed by the present invention belong to the field of support for mine roadways, tunnels or tunnels, and underground projects. It includes a bolt with a special-shaped cross-section. The bolt with a special-shaped cross-section includes a bolt body with a columnar structure. Two radially arranged fan-shaped grooves are oppositely opened on the outer circumference of the bolt body, and the two fan-shaped grooves penetrate the entire bolt body; a special-shaped anchoring end is provided at the end of the bolt with a special-shaped cross-section, and a thread is provided at the tail of the bolt with a special-shaped cross-section. A tray for anchoring and an anti-slip wire nut are sequentially arranged on the thread. A displacement monitoring system is fixed on the tray. Fixed protrusions are respectively arranged in the two fan-shaped grooves at the exposed end of the bolt with a special-shaped cross-section; it has the advantages of simple structure, diverse functions, high precision, real-time monitoring, reasonable structure, economy and applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a separable multi-functional bolt capable of real-time displacement monitoring and its using method, and is particularly applicable to the fields of mine roadways, tunnels or tunnels, and underground engineering. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of China's infrastructure construction, a large number of deep-buried tunnels and mine roadway projects have emerged. The mining environment and geological conditions faced are becoming increasingly complex and changeable, and the surrounding rock support problems are very prominent. As the most basic component of the current anchoring support, the bolt can play an anchoring support role while giving full play to the ability of the surrounding rock itself. Through a large number of experiments, it is proved that bolt support has the characteristics of low cost, flexible use, and good support effect compared with other support methods. The anchoring support with bolts as the core component is currently the main support method with high efficiency and economy.

[0003] Due to the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock being anchored and the dislocation of rock strata during the support of the bolt, the phenomenon of the bolt being disengaged from the anchoring agent or the anchor solid from the surrounding rock often occurs. Also, because bolt support belongs to a concealed construction project, after the bolt is anchored into the surrounding rock, it is difficult to find and detect whether the bolt is anchored and fails after construction, which poses a great safety hazard. Therefore, it is crucial to carry out bolt anchoring performance monitoring to avoid safety accidents. In addition, during the construction of underground projects such as mine roadways, tunnels, and subways, it is often necessary to measure the internal displacement of the surrounding rock to determine the relative movement state inside the surrounding rock and ensure that its deformation amount is within a safe range. At present, the internal deformation monitoring of the surrounding rock mainly adopts the mechanical multi-point displacement meter method. Generally, 5-7 measuring points are fixed at different depths inside the surrounding rock through mechanical claws connected by steel wires, and the other end of the steel wire is fixed on a PVC sleeve with scales; this kind of structure is simple, easy to use, intuitive to read, and low in price, but there are large measurement errors in manual reading, a large amount of manpower is wasted and the efficiency is low, and during actual installation, the position of the mechanical claw in the surrounding rock borehole cannot be accurately determined, resulting in deviations in the relative displacement between two points. To sum up, it is urgent to develop a bolt that integrates the functions of measuring the deformation amount of the surrounding rock and monitoring the anchoring failure to solve the problems of low measurement efficiency, inaccurate measurement, cumbersome procedures, and troublesome disassembly of the existing measuring device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical Problem: Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a separable multi-functional bolt capable of real-time displacement monitoring and its using method, which simultaneously has the functions of measuring the deformation amount of the surrounding rock and detecting whether the anchoring fails, so as to make up for the defects of the existing bolt and measuring device with cumbersome disassembly and low measurement accuracy.

[0005] Technical solution: To achieve the above technical objectives, a separable multi-functional bolt capable of real-time displacement monitoring according to the present invention includes a bolt with a special-shaped cross-section. The bolt with a special-shaped cross-section includes a bolt body with a columnar structure. Two radially arranged fan-shaped grooves are oppositely opened on the outer circumference of the bolt body, and the two fan-shaped grooves penetrate the entire bolt body; an end of the bolt with a special-shaped cross-section is provided with a special-shaped anchoring end, and a thread is provided at the tail of the bolt with a special-shaped cross-section. A tray for anchoring and an anti-slip wire nut are sequentially provided on the thread. A displacement monitoring system is fixed on the tray. Fixed protrusions are respectively provided in the two fan-shaped grooves at the exposed end of the bolt with a special-shaped cross-section;

[0006] A wedge body is provided in the middle of the end of the bolt with a special-shaped cross-section. High-strength steel wire B and high-strength steel wire A are respectively and spacedly fixed by snap rings in the fan-shaped grooves on both sides of the bolt with a special-shaped cross-section. An anti-corrosion wire duct is provided outside the high-strength steel wire B and the high-strength steel wire A. The end of the high-strength steel wire A is connected and fixed through a lifting eye bolt b provided at the end of the fan-shaped groove, and the end of the high-strength steel wire B is connected to the tail of the special-shaped anchoring end through a lifting eye bolt a;

[0007] The special-shaped anchoring end is a spearhead structure with barbs at the end. A groove matching the wedge body at the end of the bolt with a special-shaped cross-section is provided at the tail of the special-shaped anchoring end. The special-shaped anchoring end is mechanically connected to the wedge body through the groove; the tail ends of the high-strength steel wire B and the high-strength steel wire A pass through the fixed protrusions of their respective fan-shaped grooves and are connected to the displacement monitoring system.

[0008] Furthermore, the displacement monitoring system includes an installation box. An integrated reading instrument and a dashboard are provided in the installation box. The integrated reading instrument and the dashboard are arranged vertically in the installation box. The model of the integrated reading instrument is Datataker DT80. Two horizontally arranged rectangular groove slides are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the integrated reading instrument. Bolts are respectively provided on the rectangular groove slides. Pointer slides are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the dashboard. A left pointer is slidably provided on the left pointer slide, and a right pointer is slidably provided on the right pointer slide. The left pointer is connected to the high-strength steel wire A through a bolt, and the right pointer is connected to the high-strength steel wire B through a bolt. By adjusting the position of the bolt in the rectangular groove slide, the left pointer and the right pointer are respectively located at the zero scale of the dashboard. Displacement sensors are respectively provided on the left and right pointer slides. The two displacement sensors are connected to the integrated reading instrument through wires; when the surrounding rock moves and causes displacement of the bolt with a special-shaped cross-section, the positions of the high-strength steel wire A and the high-strength steel wire B remain unchanged, so that the left pointer and the right pointer connected to their ends generate displacement in the pointer slides, thereby generating readings.

[0009] Furthermore, the fixing protrusion is a smooth columnar structure. One end of the high-strength steel wire A or high-strength steel wire B is connected and fixed to the lifting ring bolt a or lifting ring bolt b embedded in the special-shaped anchoring end. Through the anti-corrosion wire conduit fixed in the fan-shaped groove, it is wound around the fixing protrusion for one circle, straightened, and then its turning direction is adjusted, and then it is fixedly connected to the pointer on the left or the pointer on the right in the displacement monitoring system.

[0010] Furthermore, both the left pointer and the right pointer are provided with metal displacement induction nodes. Displacement sensors are provided on the pointer slides where the left pointer and the right pointer are located. When the left pointer and the right pointer move, the position information of the metal displacement induction nodes corresponding to their positions can be converted into data by the displacement sensors. The displacement sensors are connected to the comprehensive reading instrument through data lines, and the two groups of displacement data of the left pointer and the right pointer are read through the comprehensive reading instrument; the displacement monitoring system can read the data macroscopically through the dashboard or read the accurate data through the comprehensive reading instrument to prevent large errors in reading due to the failure of the comprehensive reading instrument.

[0011] A method for using a separable multi-functional bolt capable of real-time displacement monitoring is as follows:

[0012] First, construct an anchor hole with a stepped structure at a pre-calibrated position in the surrounding rock. The anchor hole includes a conventional anchoring drill hole, and a stepped drill hole for accommodating the special-shaped anchoring end is constructed at the center of the bottom of the drill hole. The connection part between the special-shaped anchoring end and the special-shaped cross-section bolt is wrapped and wound with a high-elastic film. An expanding agent is wrapped inside the high-elastic film, and the reaction time of the expanding agent should be set according to the material ratio, which is faster than the initial setting time of the anchoring agent.

[0013] Put the anchoring agent cement cartridge, curing agent cartridge and the whole bolt into the anchor hole, start the stirrer to drive the special-shaped cross-section bolt to drive the special-shaped anchoring end to rotate and stir, so that the anchoring agent cement cartridge and the curing agent cartridge are fully stirred and filled into the area of the anchor hole where the end of the special-shaped cross-section bolt and the special-shaped anchoring end are located. After the anchoring agent is cured, an anchoring agent cementation body is formed. A tray and an anti-slip wire nut are sequentially sleeved on the bolt in the exposed section of the anchor hole, and a pre-tightening force is provided by pre-tightening the anti-slip wire nut along the thread lead angle.

[0014] Then, fixedly install the displacement monitoring system on the tray. The moving bolt moves on the rectangular groove slide to zero the left pointer and the right pointer under the tensioned state of the high-strength steel wire B and the high-strength steel wire A, and connect the comprehensive reading instrument through the data line.

[0015] When the deformed-section bolt is stretched as the surrounding rock deforms, high-strength steel wire A will pull the left pointer to move upward along the pointer slideway, and high-strength steel wire B will also pull the right pointer to move upward along the pointer slideway. At this time, the position movement information of the metal displacement induction nodes on the left pointer and the right pointer is converted into data by the displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor transmits the data to the integrated reading instrument through the data line;

[0016] Read the data through the dashboard or the integrated reading instrument on the displacement monitoring system to determine the tensile amount of the deformed-section bolt. Let the reading of the left pointer be x1 and the reading of the right pointer be x2. If x1 = x2 and the reading is within the normal range, it means that the anchoring has not failed. Therefore, the tensile amount of the deformed-section bolt is equal to the deformation amount of the surrounding rock; if x1 = x2, but the reading is abnormally large, that is, outside the normal range, it means that the bolt has been pulled off;

[0017] When the deformed-section bolt is disengaged from the anchoring agent or the anchor body and the surrounding rock, the deformed anchoring end and the deformed-section bolt will be separated. At this time, high-strength steel wire A remains unchanged with the deformed-section bolt, while high-strength steel wire B is dragged by the deformed anchoring end; at this time, the reading x1 of the left pointer is still the tensile amount of the deformed-section bolt, and the reading x2 of the right pointer is the deformation displacement amount of the surrounding rock at this place. At this time, x1≠x2, and the deformation displacement amount of the surrounding rock should be equal to the sum of the tensile amount of the deformed-section bolt and the bolt-rock relative displacement amount. Let the bolt-rock relative displacement amount be Δl 相对 , that is, x2 = x1 + Δl 相对 .

[0018] Beneficial effects: Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the functions of measuring the deformation of surrounding rock and real-time detecting whether the anchoring fails, making up for the defects of the existing anchor bolts and measuring devices, such as the insufficient detection of the failure of the anchor bolt when dealing with large-deformation roadways and the low measurement accuracy of the deformation of surrounding rock. The tensile amount of the anchor bolt can be measured by the principle that the high-strength steel wire moves together with the special-shaped cross-section anchor bolt under tension; the real-time monitoring of the deformation of surrounding rock can be realized by fixing the high-strength steel wire to the special-shaped anchoring end and the separation principle of the special-shaped cross-section anchor bolt and the special-shaped anchoring end; whether the anchoring fails can be judged by analyzing two variables (the deformation of surrounding rock and the tensile amount of the anchor bolt); the accuracy of measurement is ensured by the principle that the position information of the induction node of the metal displacement can be sensed by the displacement sensor and generate data. In this way, the cumbersome work is completed with the simplest principle, greatly saving the manpower and material resources consumed by the traditional method, solving the problems of low measurement accuracy and insufficient timeliness, and at the same time avoiding various engineering lines for cumbersome measurement laying of the device and the clutter of the roadway space. The characteristics of this anchor bolt and measuring device are that the anchor bolt and the measuring device are combined into one, with a simple structure and low price. It can be read through the dashboard of the displacement monitoring system and can also be read through the comprehensive reading instrument, and the two data can corroborate each other. The anchor bolt with the functions of measuring the deformation of surrounding rock and real-time detecting whether the anchoring fails can monitor the dynamic deformation of surrounding rock in real time and detect whether the anchoring fails in real time, so as to effectively reduce the occurrence of accidents and ensure the safety of the lives of the staff. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an anchor hole in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a separable multi-functional anchor bolt capable of real-time monitoring displacement in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is an installation schematic diagram of a separable multi-functional anchor bolt capable of real-time monitoring displacement in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4(a) is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of a special-shaped cross-section anchor bolt and a special-shaped anchoring end in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4(b) is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of a special-shaped cross-section anchor bolt and a special-shaped anchoring end in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the displacement monitoring system of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the special-shaped cross-section anchor bolt of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: 1 - surrounding rock, 2 - tray, 3 - anchor bolt with special-shaped cross-section, 4 - anchor hole, 5 - special-shaped anchoring end, 6 - high-strength steel wire B, 7 - high-strength steel wire A, 8 - anti-corrosion wire duct, 9 - fixing protrusion, 10 - anti-slip wire nut, 11 - displacement monitoring system, 12 - rectangular groove slideway, 13 - bolt, 14 - pointer slideway, 15 - left pointer, 16 - right pointer, 17 - anchoring agent cement body, 18 - expander, 19 - eyebolt a, 20 - eyebolt b, 21 - snap ring, 22 - displacement sensor, 23 - data line, 24 - integrated reading instrument, 25 - instrument panel, 26 - sector groove, 27 - high-elastic film, 28 - wedge body. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments in the accompanying drawings:

[0028] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the separable multi-functional anchor bolt capable of real-time displacement monitoring of the present invention includes an anchor bolt 3 with a special-shaped cross-section. The anchor bolt 3 with a special-shaped cross-section is a columnar structure with two sector grooves 26 arranged relatively up and down. The end of the anchor bolt 3 with a special-shaped cross-section is provided with a special-shaped anchoring end 5. The tail of the anchor bolt 3 with a special-shaped cross-section is provided with a thread, and a tray 2 for anchoring and an anti-slip wire nut 10 are sequentially arranged on the thread. A displacement monitoring system 11 is fixed on the tray 2. Two fixing protrusions 9 are respectively arranged on the two sector grooves 26 at the exposed end of the anchor bolt 3 with a special-shaped cross-section;

[0029] A wedge body 28 is arranged at the end of the anchor bolt 3 with a special-shaped cross-section. The anti-corrosion wire duct 8 is fixed by a snap ring 21 at the interval between the two sector grooves 26. High-strength steel wire B6 and high-strength steel wire A7 are respectively arranged in the two anti-corrosion wire ducts 8. The ends of the high-strength steel wire B6 and the high-strength steel wire A7 are fixed with an eyebolt a19 and an eyebolt b20;

[0030] The end of the special-shaped anchoring end 5 is a spear structure with barbs. A groove is arranged at the tail of the special-shaped anchoring end 5. The special-shaped anchoring end 5 is mechanically fixed to the wedge body 28 through the groove. The high-strength steel wire B6 and the high-strength steel wire A7 are respectively connected to the inner embedding at the tail of the special-shaped anchoring end 5 through the eyebolt a19 and the eyebolt b20; the other ends of the high-strength steel wire B6 and the high-strength steel wire A7 bypass the fixing protrusions 9 of the respective sector grooves 26 and are connected to the displacement monitoring system 11.

[0031] As Figure 3As shown, one end of the high-strength steel wire B6 is fixedly connected to the lifting ring bolt a19 embedded in the special-shaped anchoring end 5. Through the anti-corrosion wire conduit 8 fixed in the fan-shaped groove 26, it bypasses the fixed protrusion 9 of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod 3 and is fixedly connected to the left pointer 15 in the displacement monitoring system 11; the high-strength steel wire A7 also bypasses the fixed protrusion 9 of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod 3 and is fixedly connected to the right pointer 16 in the displacement monitoring system 11.

[0032] As Figure 5 shown, the displacement monitoring system 11 is provided with a comprehensive reading instrument 24 and a dashboard 25. Among them, the comprehensive reading instrument 24 and the dashboard 25 are arranged vertically. The model of the comprehensive reading instrument 24 is Datataker DT80. On its left and right sides, there are two horizontally arranged rectangular groove slides 12 respectively. Bolts 13 are respectively arranged on the rectangular groove slides 12. Pointer slides 14 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the dashboard 25. The left pointer 15 is slidably arranged on the left pointer slide 14, and the right pointer 16 is slidably arranged on the right pointer slide 14. The left pointer 15 is connected to the high-strength steel wire A7 through the bolt 13, and the right pointer 16 is connected to the high-strength steel wire B6 through the bolt 13. By adjusting the position of the bolt 13 in the rectangular groove slide 12, the left pointer 15 and the right pointer 16 are respectively located at the zero scale of the dashboard 25. The left pointer 15 and the right pointer 16 are both provided with metal displacement induction nodes. Displacement sensors 22 are arranged on the pointer slides 14 where the left pointer 15 and the right pointer 16 are located. When the left pointer 15 and the right pointer 16 move, the position information of the metal displacement induction nodes corresponding to their positions can be converted into data by the displacement sensors 22. The displacement sensors 22 are connected to the comprehensive reading instrument 24 through data lines 23, and the comprehensive reading instrument 24 reads the two groups of displacement data of the left pointer 15 and the right pointer 16; the displacement monitoring system 11 can macroscopically read data through the dashboard 25 or read accurate data through the comprehensive reading instrument 24.

[0033] As shown in Fig. 4(a), when the profiled-section bolt 3 is stretched as the surrounding rock 1 deforms, the high-strength steel wire A7 will pull the left pointer 15 to move upward along the pointer slideway 14, and the high-strength steel wire B6 will also pull the right pointer 16 to move upward along the pointer slideway 14. At this time, the position movement information of the metal displacement induction nodes on the left pointer 15 and the right pointer 16 is converted into data by the displacement sensor 22, and the displacement sensor 22 transmits the data to the comprehensive reading instrument 24 through the data line 23. Therefore, the stretching amount of the bolt body can be determined by reading the data through the dashboard 25 or the comprehensive reading instrument 24 on the displacement monitoring system 11. Let the reading of the left pointer (15) be x1 and the reading of the right pointer (16) be x2. If x1 = x2 and the reading is within the normal range, it means that the anchoring has not failed. Therefore, the stretching amount of the profiled-section bolt (3) is equal to the deformation amount of the surrounding rock (1); if x1 = x2, but the reading is abnormally large, that is, outside the normal range, it means that the bolt has been pulled off.

[0034] As shown in Fig. 4(b), when the bolt and the anchoring agent or the anchor body and the surrounding rock are disengaged and fail, the profiled anchoring end 5 and the profiled-section bolt 3 will be separated. The reading x1 of the left pointer 15 is still the stretching amount of the profiled-section bolt 3, and the reading x2 of the right pointer 16 is the deformation displacement amount of the surrounding rock 1 at this place. At this time, the deformation displacement amount of the surrounding rock 1 should be equal to the sum of the stretching amount of the profiled-section bolt 3 and the bolt-surrounding rock relative displacement amount. Let the bolt-surrounding rock relative displacement amount be Δl 相对 , that is, x2 = x1 + Δl 相对 .

Claims

1. A separable multi-functional bolt capable of real-time displacement monitoring, characterized in that: It includes a deformed cross-section bolt (3). The deformed cross-section bolt (3) includes a bolt body with a columnar structure. Two radially arranged sector-shaped grooves (26) are oppositely formed on the outer circumference of the bolt body, and the two sector-shaped grooves (26) penetrate the entire bolt body. An irregular anchoring end (5) is provided at the end of the deformed cross-section bolt (3). A thread is provided at the tail of the deformed cross-section bolt (3), and a tray (2) for anchoring and an anti-slip wire nut (10) are sequentially arranged on the thread. A displacement monitoring system (11) is fixed on the tray (2). Fixed protrusions (9) are respectively arranged in the two sector-shaped grooves (26) at the exposed end of the deformed cross-section bolt (3). A wedge body (28) is provided in the middle of the end of the deformed cross-section bolt (3). High-strength steel wire B (6) and high-strength steel wire A (7) are respectively and spacedly fixed in the sector-shaped grooves (26) on both sides of the deformed cross-section bolt (3) through snap rings (21). An anti-corrosion wire duct (8) is arranged outside the high-strength steel wire B (6) and the high-strength steel wire A (7). The end of the high-strength steel wire A (7) is connected and fixed through a ring bolt b (20) arranged at the end of the sector-shaped groove (26), and the end of the high-strength steel wire B (6) is connected to the tail of the irregular anchoring end (5) through a ring bolt a (19). The irregular anchoring end (5) is a spearhead structure with barbs at the end. A groove matching the wedge body (28) at the end of the deformed cross-section bolt (3) is provided at the tail of the irregular anchoring end (5). The irregular anchoring end (5) is mechanically connected to the wedge body (28) through the groove. The tail ends of the high-strength steel wire B (6) and the high-strength steel wire A (7) pass through the fixed protrusions (9) of their respective sector-shaped grooves (26) and are connected to the displacement monitoring system (11). The displacement monitoring system (11) includes an installation box, in which an integrated reading instrument (24) and a dashboard (25) are provided. The integrated reading instrument (24) and the dashboard (25) are arranged vertically in the installation box. The model of the integrated reading instrument (24) is . On the left and right sides of the integrated reading instrument (24), there are respectively two horizontally arranged rectangular groove slides (12). Bolts (13) are respectively arranged on the rectangular groove slides (12). On the left and right sides of the dashboard (25), there are respectively pointer slides (14). A left pointer (15) is slidably arranged on the left pointer slide (14), and a right pointer (16) is slidably arranged on the right pointer slide (14). The left pointer (15) is connected to the high-strength steel wire A (7) through the bolt (13), and the right pointer (16) is connected to the high-strength steel wire B (6) through the bolt (13). By adjusting the position of the bolt (13) in the rectangular groove slide (12), the left pointer (15) and the right pointer (16) are respectively located at the zero scale of the dashboard (25). Displacement sensors (22) are respectively arranged on the left and right pointer slides (14). The two displacement sensors (22) are connected to the integrated reading instrument (24) through wires. When the surrounding rock moves and causes the displacement of the special-shaped section bolt (3), the positions of the high-strength steel wire A (7) and the high-strength steel wire B (6) remain unchanged, so that the left pointer (15) and the right pointer (16) connected to their ends generate displacements in the pointer slides (14), thereby generating readings.

2. The separable multi-functional bolt capable of real-time displacement monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed protrusion (9) is a smooth columnar structure. One end of the high-strength steel wire A (7) or the high-strength steel wire B (6) is connected and fixed to the ring bolt a (19) or the ring bolt b (20) embedded in the irregular anchoring end (5). Through the anti-corrosion wire duct (8) fixed in the sector-shaped groove (26), it is wound around the fixed protrusion (9) for one circle, straightened, and then its turning direction is adjusted, and then it is fixedly connected to the left pointer (15) or the right pointer (16) in the displacement monitoring system (11).

3. The separable multifunctional bolt capable of real-time displacement monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the left pointer (15) and the right pointer (16) are provided with metal displacement induction nodes. Displacement sensors (22) are arranged on the pointer slides (14) where the left pointer (15) and the right pointer (16) are located. When the left pointer (15) and the right pointer (16) move, the position information of the metal displacement induction nodes corresponding to their positions can be converted into data by the displacement sensors (22). The displacement sensors (22) are connected to a comprehensive reading instrument (24) through data lines (23), and the two groups of displacement data of the left pointer (15) and the right pointer (16) are read through the comprehensive reading instrument (24).

4. A method for using a separable multi-functional bolt capable of real-time displacement monitoring according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The specific steps are as follows: First, construct the anchor holes (4) with a stepped structure at the pre-calibrated positions of the surrounding rock (1). The anchor holes (4) include conventional anchoring drill holes, and a stepped drill hole for accommodating the special-shaped anchoring end (5) is constructed at the center of the bottom of the drill hole. Wrap and wind the connecting part between the special-shaped anchoring end (5) and the special-shaped cross-section bolt (3) with a highly elastic film (27), and an expansive agent (18) is wrapped inside the highly elastic film (27). The reaction time of the expansive agent (18) should be set according to the material ratio and be faster than the initial setting time of the anchoring agent. Feed the anchoring agent clay cartridge, curing agent cartridge and the whole bolt into the anchor hole (4), start the agitator to drive the special-shaped cross-section bolt (3) to drive the special-shaped anchoring end (5) to rotate and stir, so that the anchoring agent clay cartridge and the curing agent cartridge are fully stirred and filled into the area of the anchor hole (4) where the end of the special-shaped cross-section bolt (3) and the special-shaped anchoring end (5) are located. After the anchoring agent is cured, an anchoring agent cementitious body (17) is formed. Then, a tray (2) and an anti-slip wire nut (10) are sequentially sleeved on the bolt at the exposed section of the anchor hole, and a pre-tightening force is provided by pre-tightening the anti-slip wire nut (10) along the thread lead angle. Then, fix the displacement monitoring system (11) on the tray (2). The moving bolt (13) moves on the rectangular groove slideway (12) to zero the left pointer (15) and the right pointer (16) in the tensioned state of the high-strength steel wire B (6) and the high-strength steel wire A (7), and connect the integrated reading instrument (24) through the data line (23). When the special-shaped cross-section bolt (3) is stretched and deformed as the surrounding rock (1) deforms, the high-strength steel wire A (7) will pull the left pointer (15) to move upward along the pointer slideway (14), and the high-strength steel wire B (6) will also pull the right pointer (16) to move upward along the pointer slideway (14). At this time, the position movement information of the metal displacement induction nodes on the left pointer (15) and the right pointer (16) is converted into data by the displacement sensor (22), and the displacement sensor (22) transmits the data to the integrated reading instrument (24) through the data line (23). The tensile amount of the abnormally-shaped cross-section bolt (3) is determined by reading data through the dashboard (25) or the integrated reader (24) on the displacement monitoring system (11). Let the reading of the left pointer (15) be , and the reading of the right pointer (16) be . If and the reading is within the normal range, it means that the anchoring has not failed. Therefore, the tensile amount of the abnormally-shaped cross-section bolt (3) is equal to the deformation amount of the surrounding rock (1); if , but the reading is abnormally large, that is, outside the normal range, it means that the bolt has been pulled and broken; When the special-shaped cross-section bolt (3) fails to be anchored with the anchoring agent or the anchor solid and the surrounding rock (1), the special-shaped anchoring end (5) and the special-shaped cross-section bolt (3) will separate. At this time, the high-strength steel wire A (7) remains unchanged with the special-shaped cross-section bolt (3), while the high-strength steel wire B is dragged by the special-shaped anchoring end (5); at this time, the reading of the left pointer (15) is still the tensile amount of the special-shaped cross-section bolt (3), and the reading of the right pointer (16) is the deformation displacement amount of the surrounding rock (1) at this place. At this time , the deformation displacement amount of the surrounding rock (1) should be equal to the sum of the tensile amount of the special-shaped cross-section bolt (3) and the relative displacement amount between the bolt and the surrounding rock. Let the relative displacement amount between the bolt and the surrounding rock be , that is .

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