Underwater Measurement Method for the Bottom Plate of Hydraulic Structures

Abstract

The present invention discloses an underwater measurement method for the bottom slab of a hydraulic structure, which is realized by a bottom slab elevation measurement device and includes: ① adjusting the heights of the four corners of the grid-shaped frame on a flat ground to ensure that the relative elevations of its four corners are all Z0; ② measuring the relative distance Z1 between the lower surface of each measurement point of the grid-shaped frame and the absolute elevation Z, and calculating the deflection value L1; ③ placing the settlement-type main body at the position to be measured; ④ adjusting the heights of the four corners of the grid-shaped frame again to ensure that the distances Z2 between the four corners and the bottom slab of the hydraulic structure are equal; ⑤ measuring the distance Z3 between the lower surface of each measurement point of the grid-shaped frame and the bottom slab of the hydraulic structure, and calculating the original elevation value L2 and the elevation correction value L3 of each measurement point; ⑥ completing the bottom slab elevation measurement of each measurement point of the grid-shaped frame; ⑦ completing the bottom slab elevation measurement work of all positions to be measured of the hydraulic structure. The measurement of the present invention is fast and accurate, and can greatly improve the underwater measurement efficiency of the bottom slab of the hydraulic structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underwater measurement, in particular to an underwater measurement method for a bottom plate of a hydraulic structure. Background Art

[0002] Water conservancy projects are used to control and allocate natural surface water and groundwater, and can provide water for living, industry and agriculture in the receiving areas. When repairing, renovating or expanding the original hydraulic structures, if the water supply is stopped for construction, it will cause great economic losses and bring more negative impacts to social life. Therefore, most of the original hydraulic structures are renovated under normal water supply conditions. At this time, underwater measurement of the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure is involved. Under normal circumstances, the bottom plate of the concrete structure is inspected and accepted at the time of completion according to the standard of "the height difference within the range of 2m is not more than 2cm, which is qualified". After years of operation, uneven settlement will occur and the surface will be uneven. The existing underwater measurement method is slow, with large errors, and the measurement points are not fully covered, which brings great difficulties to the subsequent design and construction. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an underwater measurement method for the bottom plate of a hydraulic structure that can achieve fast and accurate measurement. Specifically, the following technical solutions can be adopted:

[0004] The underwater measurement method for the bottom plate of a hydraulic structure of the present invention is implemented by a bottom plate elevation measurement device, wherein:

[0005] The base plate elevation measuring device comprises:

[0006] The sinking type main body comprises a grid-type frame composed of a cross bar and a longitudinal bar, wherein the cross bar is arranged along the X direction, and the longitudinal bar is arranged along the Y direction, and each connection between the cross bar and the longitudinal bar constitutes a measuring point;

[0007] A moving wheel, arranged at the bottom of the sinking type main body;

[0008] A lifting assembly, which is provided with multiple groups and is used to adjust the Z-direction height of the sinking body;

[0009] A measuring ruler, used to measure the distance between the lower surface of the sinkable main body and the ground or the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure at each of the measuring points;

[0010] The bottom plate underwater measurement method comprises the following steps:

[0011] The first step is to place the sinkable main body on a flat ground, adjust the lifting assembly to make the moving wheels leave the ground, use a total station to measure the absolute elevation Z on the ground, and then measure the heights of the four corners of the grid frame in turn to ensure that the relative elevations of the four corners are all Z0, lock the lifting assembly, and record the data Z0;

[0012] In the second step, taking one corner of the grid framework as the origin of the three-dimensional coordinate system, measure the relative distance Z1 between the lower surface of each measurement point of the grid framework and the absolute elevation Z, record the coordinate values, and calculate the deflection value L1 of each measurement point, where L1 = Z1 - Z0;

[0013] In the third step, adjust the lifting assembly to make the moving wheels contact the ground, lift the settlement main body into the water, sink it to the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure, and pull it to the position to be measured;

[0014] In the fourth step, adjust the lifting assembly to make the moving wheels disengage from the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure, and ensure that the distances Z2 between the four corners of the grid framework and the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure are equal, lock the lifting assembly, and record the data Z2;

[0015] In the fifth step, measure the distance Z3 between the lower surface of each measurement point of the grid framework and the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure, record the coordinate values, and calculate the original elevation value L2 and the elevation correction value L3 of each measurement point, where L2 = Z3 - Z2 and L3 = L1 - L2;

[0016] In the sixth step, adjust the lifting assembly to make the moving wheels contact the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure, pull the settlement main body to other positions to be measured, and complete the measurement of the bottom plate elevation of each measurement point of the grid framework according to steps four and five;

[0017] In the seventh step, repeat step six until the measurement of the bottom plate elevation of all positions to be measured of the hydraulic structure is completed.

[0018] The spacing between the cross bars and the spacing between the longitudinal bars of the grid framework are set according to the design accuracy requirements of the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure, so that the setting of the measurement points meets the measurement requirements, which can not only accurately measure the elevation of the bottom plate of the building, but also will not cause an increase in the manufacturing cost of the equipment, ensure that there is no buoyancy inside the steel pipe after it enters the water, and when it is lifted out of the water, the water inside the steel pipe can be quickly discharged.

[0019] Both the cross bars and the longitudinal bars are made of hollow pipes, and communication holes are provided at the joints of the cross bars and the longitudinal bars, and the ends of the cross bars and the longitudinal bars are of an open structure.

[0020] The settlement main body further includes a pointed water diversion frame provided at one end of the grid framework, which can reduce the resistance it receives when moving underwater, achieve rapid movement, and improve the measurement efficiency.

[0021] Preferably, the moving wheels are located at the rear side of the pointed water diversion frame and are arranged in two rows at the front end and the rear end of the network framework respectively.

[0022] The lifting components are divided into four groups and arranged at the four corners of the grid-shaped frame. The structures of each group of lifting components are the same and each includes a threaded rod vertically penetrating through the grid-shaped frame. The threaded rod is in threaded fit with nuts fixedly arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the grid-shaped frame. This structure is easy to install and convenient to adjust.

[0023] Preferably, a rotating handwheel is arranged at the top of the threaded rod, and the bottom is a tapered plugging structure.

[0024] The underwater measurement method for the bottom slab of a hydraulic structure provided by the present invention is realized by a bottom slab elevation measurement device with a simple structure and convenient use. A lifting component and a moving wheel are arranged on its sunken main body, which can not only move underwater quickly and conveniently but also be firmly fixed at the measurement location to be measured; the sunken main body can stably sink by its own weight, without floating or displacement, and has a large coverage area. Through position transfer, it can quickly measure the entire transformation range involved in the design scheme in all directions; measurement points are also arranged on the sunken main body. When cooperating with a measuring ruler, the elevation of each measurement point can be conveniently measured, thereby obtaining relevant data on the flatness of the bottom slab. The measurement of the present invention is fast and accurate, and can greatly improve the underwater measurement efficiency of the bottom slab of a hydraulic structure. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram (omitting the measuring ruler) of the bottom slab elevation measurement device in the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0026] The following will describe the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. The embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation manners and specific working processes are given. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0027] The underwater measurement method for the bottom slab of a hydraulic structure described in the present invention is realized by a bottom slab elevation measurement device. As Figure 1As shown in the figure, the above-mentioned floor elevation measurement device includes a sunken main body, which is a grid-shaped frame composed of a cross bar 1 and a longitudinal bar 2. Specifically, both the cross bar 1 and the longitudinal bar 2 are made of square hollow tubes, and the two are welded together. Among them, multiple cross bars 1 are arranged at intervals along the X direction, and multiple longitudinal bars 2 are arranged at intervals along the Y direction. The distance between adjacent cross bars 1 and longitudinal bars 2 should be set according to the design accuracy requirements of the floor of the hydraulic structure. For example, 1m×1m, 1m×2m, 2m×2m, etc. are adopted. The exposed ends of the cross bar 1 and the longitudinal bar 2 are not provided with sealing plates, forming an open structure. A communication hole is arranged at the internal connection part to ensure that there is no buoyancy inside the grid-shaped frame after it enters the water, and when it is lifted out of the water, the water inside the steel pipe can be quickly discharged. After the above-mentioned grid-shaped frame is welded, it should be corrected to ensure no distortion and a flat bottom surface. Two moving wheels 3 are respectively installed at the front end and the rear end of its bottom surface, which is convenient for moving underwater. The above-mentioned moving wheels 3 can be selected as standardized industrial universal rollers, and their load-bearing capacity should be greater than the self-weight of the measuring device and have a sufficient safety factor. Further, in order to reduce water resistance and enable the grid-shaped frame to move quickly underwater, a pointed water diversion frame 4 is usually welded at its front end.

[0028] A plurality of lifting components are installed on the sunken main body for changing the Z-direction height of the grid-shaped frame. The lifting components can be set to three groups, which are respectively installed at the tip of the pointed water diversion frame 4 and both ends of the tail of the grid-shaped frame (see Figure 1 ); it can also be set to four groups, which are respectively installed at the front and rear ends of the grid-shaped frame. The above-mentioned lifting components have the same structure. Each group includes a vertical threaded rod 5 passing through the sunken main body, and nuts 6 fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the grid-shaped frame and screwed to the threaded rod 5. Specifically, the threaded rod 5 is a full-threaded rod, and its length should meet the adjustment requirements. A rotating handwheel 7 is installed at the top of each threaded rod 5, and the bottom is turned into a tapered insertion structure. A through hole slightly larger than the outer diameter of the threaded rod 5 is drilled in the sunken main body, and then a stainless steel nut 6 is screwed to a suitable position on the threaded rod 5. Then, the threaded rod 5 is inserted into the through hole of the sunken main body. Then, another stainless steel nut 6 is rotated upward from the lower part of the threaded rod 5 until the two nuts 6 press the sunken main body tightly. Then, the two nuts 6 are respectively spot-welded to the sunken main body. By rotating the rotating handwheel 7 to rotate the threaded rod 5, after there is no jamming, they are respectively welded firmly. When changing the height of the grid-shaped frame, rotating the threaded rod 5 can achieve it. The above-mentioned lifting components can also be selected from other common mechanisms, such as lifting telescopic rods, etc.

[0029] The above-mentioned floor elevation measurement device also includes a measuring ruler for measuring the distance between the lower surface of the sunken main body and the ground or the floor of the hydraulic structure at each measurement point, and a total station or a steel ruler can be selected according to the specific situation.

[0030] The underwater floor measurement method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0031] First step, place the sedimentation main body on a flat ground. Rotate the handwheel 7 to raise the grid-type frame along the threaded rod 5 until the moving wheels 3 are lifted off the ground. To ensure that the distances from the four corners of the grid-type frame to the ground are equal, continue to turn the handwheel 7 and use a total station to measure the absolute elevation Z on the ground. Then measure the heights of the four corners in sequence to ensure that the relative elevation of the four corners is Z0. When the requirements are met, stop turning the handwheel 7, lock the position of the grid-type frame, and record the data Z0;

[0032] Second step, take one of the corners of the grid-type frame as the origin of the three-dimensional coordinate system. Use a total station to measure the distance Z1 from the lower surface of each measurement point (i.e., the intersection of the cross bar 1 and the longitudinal bar 2) of the grid-type frame to the ground, record the coordinate values, and calculate the deflection value L1 of each measurement point, where L1 = Z0 - Z1; during normal measurement, the measurement points on the grid-type frame bend downward, and L1 is positive or zero. If L1 is negative, it means that the measurement points on the grid-type frame arch upward;

[0033] Third step, adjust the handwheel 7 to lower the grid-type frame along the threaded rod 5. When the moving wheels 3 on it can contact the ground, use a crane to lift the sedimentation main body into the water and sink it to the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure. Then, use the onshore equipment or personnel to pull the cable connected to the sedimentation main body to move it to the position to be measured;

[0034] Fourth step, adjust the handwheel 7 to lift the moving wheels 3 off the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure, and ensure that the distances from the four corners of the grid-type frame to the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure are equal, that is, the distances Z2 between each threaded rod 5 between the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure and the lower surface of the grid-type frame are equal. Lock the lifting assembly and record the data Z2;

[0035] Fifth step, use a measuring ruler to measure the distance Z3 from the lower surface of each measurement point of the grid-type frame to the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure, record the coordinate values, and calculate the original elevation value L2 and the elevation correction value L3 of each measurement point, where L2 = Z3 - Z2, L3 = L1 - L2; when L3 is negative, it means that the measurement point is concave downward relative to the elevation where the four corners are at Z2, and the depth of the concavity is the value corresponding to L3: when L3 is positive, it means that the measurement point is convex upward relative to the elevation where the four corners are at Z2, and the height of the convexity is the value corresponding to L;

[0036] For example: The deflection values L1 of four measuring points A, B, C, and D are all 3 mm. The absolute elevation of the bottom slab of the channel building is 112.00 m. The set Z2 is 100 mm, and the absolute elevation of Z2 is 112.100 m. The measured Z3 at point A is 92 mm, Z3 at point B is 100 mm, Z3 at point C is 103 mm, and Z3 at point D is 110 mm. Then L2 at point A is -8 mm, and L3 at point A is 11 mm, indicating that point A bulges upward, and the absolute elevation of point A is 112.011 m; L2 at point B is 0 mm, and L3 at point B is 3 mm, indicating that point B bulges upward, and the absolute elevation of point B is 112.003 m; L2 at point C is 3 mm, and L3 at point C is 0 mm, indicating that point B is at the same elevation as the absolute elevation, and the absolute elevation of point C is 112.00 m; L2 at point D is 10 mm, and L3 at point B is -7 mm, indicating that point B sags downward, and the absolute elevation of point D is 111.993 m.

[0037] Sixth step, adjust the rotating handwheel 7 to make the moving wheel 3 contact with the bottom slab of the hydraulic structure, pull the settlement-type main body to other positions to be measured, and complete the measurement of the bottom slab elevation of each measurement point at the grid-type frame covering area according to steps four and five;

[0038] Seventh step, repeat step six until the measurement of the bottom slab elevation of all positions to be measured of the hydraulic structure is completed.

[0039] The present invention ingeniously uses a grid-type frame composed of cross bars and longitudinal bars, which can be used as coordinate positioning by itself, facilitating the measurement work; secondly, the grid-type frame has a large coverage area and can measure the heights of multiple points at one time; thirdly, the grid-type frame cooperates with the lifting mechanism and the roller mechanism, and can quickly and flexibly transfer positions, which is conducive to completing the measurement work in all directions.

[0040] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, terms indicating orientation or positional relationships such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for underwater measurement of the bottom plate of a hydraulic structure, implemented by a bottom plate elevation measurement device, characterized in that: The base plate elevation measuring device comprises: The sinking type main body comprises a grid-type frame composed of a cross bar and a longitudinal bar, wherein the cross bar is arranged along the X direction, and the longitudinal bar is arranged along the Y direction, and each connection between the cross bar and the longitudinal bar constitutes a measuring point; A moving wheel, arranged at the bottom of the sinking type main body; A lifting assembly, which is provided with multiple groups and is used to adjust the Z-direction height of the sinking body; A measuring ruler, used to measure the distance between the lower surface of the sinkable main body and the ground or the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure at each of the measuring points; The bottom plate underwater measurement method comprises the following steps: The first step is to place the sinkable main body on a flat ground, adjust the lifting assembly to make the moving wheels leave the ground, use a total station to measure the absolute elevation Z on the ground, and then measure the heights of the four corners of the grid frame in turn to ensure that the relative elevations of the four corners are all Z0, lock the lifting assembly, and record the data Z0; The second step is to use one corner of the grid frame as the origin of the three-dimensional coordinates, measure the relative distance Z1 between the lower surface of each measuring point of the grid frame and the absolute elevation Z, record the coordinate value, and calculate the deflection value L1 of each measuring point, where L1=Z1-Z0; The third step is to adjust the lifting assembly so that the moving wheel is connected to the ground, and the sinkable body is hoisted into the water, sinking it to the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure, and then pulled to the position to be measured; Step 4: Adjust the lifting assembly to make the moving wheel separate from the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure, and ensure that the distance Z2 between the four corners of the grid frame and the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure is equal, lock the lifting assembly, and record the data Z2; The fifth step is to measure the distance Z3 between the lower surface of each measuring point of the grid frame and the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure, record the coordinate value, and calculate the original elevation value L2 and the elevation correction value L3 of each measuring point, where L2=Z3-Z2, L3=L1-L2; Step 6: Adjust the lifting assembly so that the moving wheel is connected to the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure, pull the sinking body to other positions to be measured, and complete the bottom plate elevation measurement of each measuring point of the grid frame according to steps 4 and 5; Step 7. Repeat step 6 until the bottom plate elevation measurement of all locations to be measured of hydraulic structures is completed.

2. The underwater measurement method for the bottom slab of a hydraulic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal bar spacing and the vertical bar spacing of the grid-type frame are set according to the design accuracy requirements of the bottom plate of the hydraulic structure.

3. The underwater measurement method for the bottom slab of a hydraulic structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross bar and the longitudinal bar are both hollow tubes, and a connecting hole is provided at the connection between the cross bar and the longitudinal bar, and the ends of the cross bar and the longitudinal bar are open structures.

4. The underwater measurement method for the bottom slab of a hydraulic structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sinking type main body also includes a pointed water dividing frame arranged at one end of the grid-type frame.

5. The underwater measurement method for the bottom slab of a hydraulic structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The moving wheels are located at the rear side of the pointed water diversion frame and are divided into two rows and are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the network frame.

6. The underwater measurement method for the bottom slab of a hydraulic structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lifting components are divided into four groups and arranged at the four corners of the grid frame. Each group of lifting components has the same structure and includes threaded rods vertically penetrated on the grid frame. The threaded rods are threadedly connected with nuts fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the grid frame.

7. The underwater measurement method for the bottom slab of a hydraulic structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top of the threaded rod is provided with a rotating hand wheel, and the bottom is a conical plug-in structure.

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