A test device and method for simulating ice adhesion force on dam panels

Abstract

The application provides a test device and a test method for simulating measurement of ice adhesion force of dam panel, wherein the test device comprises a test frame, a support surface arranged obliquely and used for supporting a to-be-tested object, an ice making mold used for condensing ice on the surface of the to-be-tested object to obtain a test ice block, a pushing assembly used for pressing the test ice block on the to-be-tested object, and a thrust instrument arranged on the pushing assembly and used for measuring the maximum stress between the to-be-tested object and the test ice block. In the technical scheme, the obliquely arranged support surface on the test frame makes the measurement of the ice adhesion force more in line with the actual working condition, reduces the measurement error and improves the accuracy of the test result.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of measurement and anti-icing, and particularly relates to a testing device and testing method for simulating measurement of ice adhesion force of dam panels. BACKGROUND

[0002] Anti-icing is an important engineering technology. In cold regions in winter, ice damage is one of the key natural disasters to be prevented. Surface icing and ice accumulation can cause great harm to human production, transportation and safety, and cause major disasters or economic losses. Every year, a large amount of manpower and resources are invested in the fields of public facilities, transportation tools, road surfaces, power transmission lines, high-speed rail vehicles, aircraft, wind power and pumped storage power stations for anti-icing work.

[0003] The most widely used ice adhesion test method at present is the horizontal shear force deicing method. However, the test results obtained by using this test method are not suitable for engineering practice, and there is a large difference between the test results and the natural working conditions. The test results and the actual working conditions have a large difference. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a testing device and testing method for simulating measurement of ice adhesion force of dam panels, so that the test results of ice adhesion force are more suitable for actual engineering, and the test results are more accurate, thereby providing more accurate data support for anti-icing material research, anti-icing design and anti-icing engineering practice.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a testing device for simulating measurement of ice adhesion force of dam panels, comprising

[0006] A test frame comprising an inclined support surface, the support surface being used for supporting a to-be-tested object;

[0007] An ice-making mold used for condensing ice on the surface of the to-be-tested object to obtain a test ice block;

[0008] A pushing assembly used for pressing the test ice block on the support surface;

[0009] A thrust instrument arranged on the pushing assembly and used for measuring the maximum stress between the to-be-tested object and the test ice block.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the inclined support surface is arranged on the test frame, and the to-be-tested object is kept in an inclined state relative to the horizontal plane during subsequent testing. The pushing assembly is used to press the test ice block, the simulated environment is closer to the actual working condition, and the measured result has more engineering value.

[0011] In a specific implementable solution, the test frame comprises a fixed frame and a support plate arranged on the fixed frame.

[0012] The support surface is a side surface of the support plate which is inclined upward relative to the ground surface;

[0013] The support plate is rotatable relative to the fixing frame and lockable at a set position.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the support plate is provided as an adjustable structure, so that multiple test frames are not needed, use is more convenient, and the experimental requirements of different inclination angles of the support surface relative to the ground surface can be met, thereby improving the convenience of use.

[0015] In a specific embodiment, the fixing frame comprises a bottom plate and a side plate fixed to the bottom plate.

[0016] The bottom plate is provided with a plurality of support grooves for clamping the lower side edge of the support plate.

[0017] The side plate is provided with a plurality of limiting grooves for clamping the upper side edge of the support plate.

[0018] In the above solution, when the angle of the support plate is adjusted, the support plate is directly taken out of the support groove and the limiting groove, the lower side edge of the support plate is clamped into the support groove corresponding to the inclination angle, and the upper side edge of the support plate is clamped into the corresponding limiting groove, so that the angle of the support plate can be adjusted, and use is more convenient.

[0019] In a specific embodiment, the test object is coated on the support surface.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the test object is directly coated on the support surface during testing, and testing of different materials is more convenient.

[0021] In a specific embodiment, the pushing assembly comprises a rack and a driving member arranged on the rack.

[0022] The push instrument is arranged on the driving member, and the driving member drives the push instrument to pressurize the test ice block.

[0023] In the above technical solution, the driving member drives the push instrument to move and push the test ice block, so that the pushing force applied to the test ice block can be conveniently measured, i.e. the maximum stress of the test ice block falling from the test object can be conveniently obtained, and testing is more convenient.

[0024] In a specific embodiment, the driving member comprises:

[0025] A connecting base for connecting the push instrument;

[0026] A power output member connected with the connecting base and driving the connecting base to move;

[0027] A rate adjustment module is connected with the power output signal and adjusts the rate at which the power output drives the connection base to move.

[0028] In the above technical solution, the speed of the pushing force applied to the test ice block is adjusted by the rate adjustment module, which can simulate the working condition in which the ice block is subjected to different speeds of external force, collect the corresponding ice adhesion force under various stress speeds, and calculate the actual force by collecting the ice adhesion force under different stress speeds when the actual working condition is researched and analyzed, so that the subsequent calculation results are more accurate and the deviation from the actual working condition is reduced.

[0029] In a specific implementable embodiment, a refrigerator for containing the test rack is further included, and a clearance opening is formed in the refrigerator to accommodate the pushing assembly and / or the push force instrument.

[0030] In the above technical solution, the refrigerator is provided to conveniently prepare the test ice block, and when the test ice block is pushed by the pushing assembly, the test ice block and the object to be tested are always located in the refrigerator and are always in a low-temperature environment, so that the test ice block is not likely to melt during the test, and the test result is more accurate.

[0031] In a specific implementable embodiment, a push rod is detachably fixed to the test end of the push force instrument.

[0032] In the above technical solution, the push rod is arranged to extend into the refrigerator, which can reduce the idle stroke of the pushing assembly before the pushing assembly applies the pushing force to the test ice block, and shorten the test time; during movement of the pushing assembly and the push force instrument, the push rod is detached from the push force instrument, which can reduce the interference between the test rack and the refrigerator during movement of the test rack, and is convenient to use.

[0033] In a specific implementable embodiment, a measurement system is further included, and the measurement system includes a controller and a data acquisition module; wherein,

[0034] The data acquisition module is configured to acquire the maximum stress at which the test ice block falls off;

[0035] The controller acquires the speed at which the pushing assembly applies the pushing force to the test ice block, and establishes a corresponding relationship between the maximum stress at which the test ice block falls off and the speed;

[0036] The controller is further configured to acquire the inclination angle of the support surface relative to the ground surface and the bonding area of the test ice block and the object to be tested, and establish a corresponding relationship between the ice pull force and the maximum stress at which the test ice block falls off.

[0037] In the technical solution, the last result can be directly obtained conveniently, the experimenter does not need to read and record the maximum shedding stress, the error can be reduced, the data can be processed by the controller more conveniently and accurately, and various data analysis can be performed subsequently.

[0038] In a second aspect, the application further provides a test method for simulating measurement of ice adhesion force of a dam panel, which uses the test device for simulating measurement of ice adhesion force of a dam panel according to the first aspect, and includes the following steps:

[0039] Sample preparation:

[0040] An ice mold corresponding to the selected angle is placed on the object to be tested, and water is injected into the ice mold, and the ice block is obtained by cooling at least the ice mold part;

[0041] Adhesion force test:

[0042] The state of the test frame is adjusted so that the ice block is in a horizontal state, and the push instrument is adjusted to be above the test ice block, the push assembly drives the push instrument to move and push the test ice block until the test ice block falls off relative to the object to be tested;

[0043] Obtaining test results:

[0044] The cross-sectional area S of the test ice block is obtained, the inclination angle of the object to be tested relative to the ground plane is , and the maximum push value F measured by the push instrument satisfies the following relationship:

[0045]

[0046] Wherein, P is the adhesion force between the test ice block and the object to be tested.

[0047] In the technical solution, the operation of the ice adhesion force experiment is convenient, the surface of the object to be tested is kept at an inclination angle relative to the ground plane, which is more consistent with the actual working condition, and the accuracy of the measurement result is improved.

[0048] In a specific implementation, in the sample preparation process, a plurality of test frames with angles between the support surface and the ground plane increasing in turn are selected, and corresponding ice molds are selected.

[0049] The plurality of test frames with different inclination angles of the support surface are selected, which facilitates simulation of a plurality of different actual working conditions, and the test results are more comprehensive and accurate.

[0050] In a specific implementation, after the sample test is completed and the test results are obtained, the support plate is rotated and locked at a set position, the angle of the support surface is adjusted, and the sample preparation, adhesion force test, and test result acquisition are performed again.

[0051] The test frame does not need to be prepared, and the use is more convenient. The angle difference in the actual working condition can be simulated more conveniently.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, when the angle of the support surface is adjusted, the lower edge of the support plate is moved to another support groove, and the upper edge of the support plate is clamped into the corresponding limiting groove.

[0053] The angle adjustment operation of the support plate is convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an ice adhesion test device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the state of ice making by a test frame provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the relative position relationship between a pushing assembly and a refrigerator provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of one of the test frames provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the connection relationship between a driving member and a measurement system provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] The reference signs are as follows: 1, test frame; 11, fixing frame; 111, bottom plate; 112, side plate; 113, support groove; 114, limiting groove; 12, support plate; 2, ice making mold; 3, pushing assembly; 31, rack; 32, driving member; 321, connection base body; 322, power output member; 323, speed adjusting module; 4, pushing force instrument; 41, pushing rod; 5, object to be tested; 6, test ice block; 7, refrigerator; 8, measurement system; 81, controller; 82, data acquisition module; 83, interaction module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present application will be further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Through these descriptions, the features and advantages of the present application will become clearer and more explicit.

[0061] The special word "exemplary" here means "as an example, embodiment or illustrative". Any embodiment described as "exemplary" here does not necessarily mean that it is superior or better than other embodiments. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.

[0062] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the application described below can be combined with each other as long as there is no conflict.

[0063] To facilitate the understanding of the ice adhesion test device and test method provided by the embodiments of the application, first, the application scenario of the ice adhesion test device is introduced. The ice adhesion test device provided by the embodiments of the application is mainly applied to a laboratory environment. Test ice blocks are formed by condensation on the surface of the object to be tested. Then, the test ice blocks are pushed by the pushing device until the test ice blocks are pushed to slide relative to the object to be tested. The maximum pushing force during the sliding of the test ice blocks relative to the object to be tested is recorded. Combined with the bonding area between the test ice blocks and the object to be tested, the ice adhesion between the test ice blocks and the object to be tested can be calculated. The ice adhesion test device provided by the embodiments of the application is more in line with the actual working conditions and improves the accuracy of the ice adhesion test. The specific drawings and embodiments are combined below to be described in detail.

[0064] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 The structure of the ice adhesion test device provided by the embodiments of the application is shown. The ice adhesion test device provided by the embodiments of the application includes a test frame 1, an ice making mold 2, a pushing assembly 3, and a pushing force instrument 4. The test frame 1 is used to place the object to be tested 5. The ice making mold 2 is used to form a groove structure on the surface of the object to be tested 5. After water is injected into the groove structure, the test ice blocks 6 are frozen to form test ice blocks 6, so that the test ice blocks 6 and the object to be tested 5 remain bonded. The pushing assembly 3 is the power component of the test device, which is used to apply a pushing force to the test ice blocks 6 until the test ice blocks 6 are pushed to slide relative to the object to be tested 5. The pushing force instrument 4 is used to measure and record the pushing force applied by the pushing assembly 3 to the test ice blocks 6, and obtain the maximum stress of the test ice blocks 6 during the sliding.

[0065] It should be noted that the drawings provided by the embodiments of the application are only schematic diagrams of the ice adhesion test device. The test ice blocks 6 are located in the ice making mold 2 and are in a blocked state. In the diagram, the test ice blocks 6 are represented by the marking line drawn from the middle of the ice making mold 2. In the actual state, the test ice blocks 6 are located inside the ice making mold 2.

[0066] The test object 5 of the embodiment of the present application is used to simulate the bonding of different material surfaces and ice blocks in actual working conditions. The test object 5 is a coating of different test materials, which is directly coated on the support surface. In addition, a plate member for carrying the test object 5 can also be separately provided. When detecting, the test object is coated on the surface of the plate member to form an attached layer, and then the test ice block 6 is frozen on the surface of the test object 5. The plate member for separately carrying the test object 5 can be directly purchased. In other embodiments, the test object 5 can also be provided as a plate of different materials to directly simulate different bonding surfaces in actual working conditions. The coating referred to in the embodiment of the present application includes different ways such as spraying, scraping, and brushing, and does not limit the specific method.

[0067] In addition to using different material plates and coating objects of different materials on the surface of the plate, different roughness of the surface of the test object 5 can also be provided, or even recesses and protrusions can be provided on the surface of the test object 5 to more closely simulate the display working conditions.

[0068] In actual use, the test object 5 selects different ways according to actual conditions, as long as it can form a surface of different materials to form a bonding connection with the ice block. The above limitations are only specific ways that can be selected in actual use, and only serve to illustrate and do not limit the essential content of the scheme. The test object 5 uses the above different ways or is replaced and improved on this basis, which should fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0069] Specifically, the support surface on the test stand 1 is inclined relative to the horizontal plane, and the support surface is inclined upward relative to the horizontal plane. The test object 5 is placed on the support surface, and there is an inclination angle between the test object 5 and the horizontal plane. After the freezing of the test ice block 6 is completed, the pushing assembly 3 is used to push the test ice block 6 to move, and the test ice block 6 is subjected to vertical pressure, and the test ice block 6 is pushed until the test ice block 6 slides relative to the test object 5.

[0070] The support surface inclined to the horizontal plane is closer to the actual working condition. For example, the face plate dam form is often used in pumped storage power station dams, and the surface is paved with concrete plate panels. The angle between the concrete panel and the horizontal plane is 30°-75°. In winter, an ice layer is generated in the reservoir, and the ice layer is in the horizontal plane. Near the concrete panel position, the ice layer adheres to the surface of the concrete panel. When the pumped storage power station works, the water level will frequently change between day and night. When the water level drops, the ice layer is suspended, and the gravity of the ice layer acts on the concrete panel through the adhesion layer. The force of the ice layer on the face plate dam comes from the gravity of the ice layer. The thicker the ice layer, the greater the gravity. The ice layer adheres to the face plate dam, and the gravity is transmitted to the concrete panel of the face plate dam through the adhesion layer, which affects the stability of the face plate dam.

[0071] If the concrete panel surface has a small ice adhesion force, the ice layer will separate from the concrete panel under the action of gravity and will not affect the concrete panel. If the concrete panel surface has a large ice adhesion force, the ice layer will not separate from the concrete panel under the action of gravity, and the ice layer will act on the concrete panel; the ice layer thickens, the gravity increases, and the force acting on the panel increases; when the force is greater than the design value, the panel dam will produce a larger displacement exceeding the design, damage the original waterproof device (such as expansion joints) or the concrete panel will be broken, and water will be introduced into the soil and rock foundation behind the concrete panel; the specific gravity of the soil and rock foundation increases after absorbing water, and frost heaving cavities occur; further, the dam body is damaged, directly affecting the safety of the dam.

[0072] By coating different coatings on the concrete panel, the ice adhesion stress can be changed, thereby determining the design of the dam. Therefore, the accurate determination of the ice adhesion value is related to the safety of the design, material selection and operation and maintenance, and is important technical data. The ice adhesion force is directly related to the horizontal angle of the concrete panel, and the existing instruments cannot obtain such technical data.

[0073] The embodiment of the present application can more closely simulate the actual working environment by setting an inclined supporting surface on the test frame 1, and the effects of various factors such as the direction of the force, the relative angle between the force and the bonding surface, and the gravity of the test ice block. Therefore, the test can ensure that the test result is closer to the adhesion between the ice block and the corresponding material surface in the actual working condition, and reduces the error of the test result; the ice adhesion force is measured by the device, the accuracy of the measurement result is ensured, and the measurement result has more reference significance for the safety of design, material selection and operation and maintenance.

[0074] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 A state diagram of the ice-making process is shown in FIG. 2, and the ice-making mold 2 is placed on the object to be tested 5 and the opening of the ice-making mold 2 is upward. When actually making ice, the ice-making mold 2 is fixedly connected with a sealing ring on one side abutting against the object to be tested 5, and the sealing ring is exemplarily a rubber ring, which can ensure that the abutting position of the ice-making mold 2 and the object to be tested 5 has good sealing performance, and the problem of leakage is not easy to occur in the process of injecting water to cool and make ice.

[0075] Exemplarily, the sealing ring can also be replaced with a peelable sealant, which can ensure that the abutting position of the ice-making mold 2 and the ice adhesion surface 5 has good sealing performance, and the problem of leakage is not easy to occur in the process of injecting water to cool and make ice, and the peelable sealant can be easily removed after icing.

[0076] In order to simulate different working conditions of the module, in the actual use of the device for ice adhesion force measurement, a plurality of test racks 1 are arranged, and the inclination angles of the support surfaces of the plurality of test racks 1 relative to the ground plane are sequentially increased. For example, the inclination angles of the support surfaces of the plurality of test racks 1 relative to the ground plane are sequentially 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, etc. The support racks with different inclination angles of the support surfaces can be selected according to the actual working conditions to ensure that the deviation between the test results and the actual working conditions is smaller, and the results are more accurate. By measuring the ice adhesion force under the inclination angle of the support surface, the corresponding relationship between the ice adhesion force and the inclination angle of the bonding surface can be obtained, which is more helpful to accurately test the size of the ice adhesion force under different angles.

[0077] In actual use, the test rack 1 with a certain inclination angle of the support surface relative to the ground plane can be provided in multiple, and the preparation of the test ice block 6 can be performed on multiple support racks at the same time. In actual testing, the staff can select according to actual needs.

[0078] In addition, with reference to Figure 3 In order to further reduce the error of the measurement result, the ice adhesion force testing device further comprises a refrigerator 7. When preparing the test ice block 6, the ice making mold 2 is placed on the object to be tested 5, and the test rack 1, the object to be tested 5 and the ice making mold 2 are placed in the refrigerator 7. After water is added to the ice making mold 2, the preparation of the test ice block 6 is realized by cooling the refrigerator 7.

[0079] Specifically, the refrigerator 7 is a freezer, and the upper side of the freezer is provided with a closable opening. When preparing the test ice block 6, the freezer remains in a closed state to ensure that the low-temperature environment quickly realizes the preparation of the test ice block 6. When the test ice block 6 is moved by the pushing assembly 3, the opening of the ice block is in an open state. The pushing assembly 3 is pushed into the freezer from the outside of the freezer to push the test ice block 6, until the test ice block 6 is pushed to slide relative to the object to be tested 5.

[0080] In this way, during the process of applying the pushing force to the test ice block 6, the object to be tested 5 and the test ice block 6 are always in the freezer. Although the opening of the freezer is in an open state, which leads to direct communication with the external environment, the object to be tested 5 and the test ice block 6 located in the freezer can still be ensured to be in a low-temperature environment. Compared with the way of placing the object to be tested 5 and the test ice block 6 in the external environment for testing, the accuracy of the measurement result can be improved by reducing the melting of the test ice block 6. The test ice block 6 itself and the bonding between the test ice block 6 and the object to be tested 5 are not affected by the melting of the test ice block 6. At the same time, the object to be tested 5 is always in a low-temperature environment during the process of being subjected to external force to generate a sliding trend relative to the object to be tested 5, which is more consistent with the actual working conditions.

[0081] For the horizontal shear force deicing method commonly used at present, in the process of testing, if the tested object 5 and the test ice block 6 are always in a low-temperature environment, the ice cabinet needs to have enough space to accommodate the corresponding pushing equipment and the action stroke. The ice adhesion force testing device provided by the application applies a vertical pushing force when pressing the test ice block 6, which can reduce the occupation of the internal space of the ice cabinet, and thus greatly reduces the size of the equipment used for testing.

[0082] It should be understood that the embodiment of the application illustrates that the upper side of the ice cabinet has a closable opening, which is only one of the implementation manners. In actual use, a through hole can also be formed in the vertical side wall of the ice cabinet, and the corresponding pushing assembly 3 is arranged inside the ice cabinet and connected with the external component through the through hole. In this way, the test ice block 6 can also be pushed and pressed to obtain the maximum stress of falling off. In actual use, other specific structures can also be selected, as long as the tested object 5 and the test ice block 6 can be kept in a low-temperature environment when the test ice block 6 is pressed, which can improve the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0083] Reference Figure 4 In another embodiment, the test stand 1 comprises a fixed frame 11 and a support plate 12. The support plate 12 is inclined upward relative to the horizontal plane, and the support plate 12 is rotatable relative to the fixed frame 11 and lockable at a set position. The side of the support plate 12 that is inclined upward relative to the horizontal plane is the support surface. In this way, when the tested object 5 is kept at different angles to simulate actual working conditions, the support surface can be adjusted by directly rotating the support plate 12 and locking the support plate 12 at a set position.

[0084] Specifically, the fixed frame 11 comprises a horizontal bottom plate 111 and a vertical side plate 112 fixed on the bottom plate 111. The side plate 112 is fixed on one side edge of the bottom plate 111, so that the bottom plate 111 and the side plate 112 form a right-angle structure. A plurality of support grooves 113 are formed on the bottom plate 111, and a plurality of limiting grooves 114 are formed on the side plate 112, which correspond to the plurality of support grooves 113. The support plate 12 is inclinedly arranged between the bottom plate 111 and the side plate 112, and the lower side edge of the support plate 12 is clamped in the support groove 113, and the upper side edge of the support plate 12 is clamped in the corresponding limiting groove 114, so as to lock the support plate 12 at a specific angle. When the angle of the support plate 12 needs to be adjusted, the support plate 12 is directly taken out from the initial support groove 113 and limiting groove 114, the lower side edge of the support plate 12 is clamped into another support groove 113, and then the support plate 12 is inclinedly placed, the upper side edge of the support plate 12 is clamped into another corresponding limiting groove 114, so as to lock the support plate 12 at different angles.

[0085] In actual use, the angle of the support plate 12 can be conveniently adjusted and locked, the use is convenient, the support frame with different inclination angles of the plurality of support surfaces of the support base is not needed, materials are saved, storage is more convenient, and extra space is reduced.

[0086] In order to conveniently determine the angle of the support plate 12 adjustment, marks are made on the bottom plate 111 at each support groove 113 in actual use, which indicate the inclination angle between the support plate 12 and the ground when the lower side edge of the support plate 12 is located at the corresponding support groove 113. Of course, this refers to the case where the size of the support plate 12 is determined.

[0087] In combination with the different forms of the object to be tested 5 described above, in actual use, the corresponding paint can be directly applied to the surface of the support plate 12; the paint can also be applied to a separate plate, and then the plate is fixed to the support plate 12 or replaced by the support plate 12; or a plate made of different materials is directly used to replace the support plate 12. In order to facilitate explanation and understanding, the embodiments of the present application only take the object to be tested 5 as an example to illustrate that the paint is applied to a separate plate, and the plate is fixed to the support plate 12.

[0088] In addition, in order to ensure the stability of the position of the support plate 12 relative to the bottom plate 111 and the side plate 112, the support plate 12 can be fixed in actual use, such as auxiliary fixing by a latch, a bolt or the like, so as to reduce the problems of mispositioning of the support plate 12 or disengagement of the support plate 12 relative to the bottom plate 111 and the side plate 112.

[0089] The embodiments of the present application limit the vertical fixed connection of the side plate 112 and the bottom plate 111 to be only one implementation scheme, and in actual use, the angle between the side plate 112 and the bottom plate 111 can be set to any value, as long as the angle of the support plate 12 relative to the ground can be adjusted within a range.

[0090] The support groove 113 and the limiting groove 114 are used to adjust the angle of the support plate 12 relative to the ground, and the support plate 12 can be locked at several different inclination angle values. In another embodiment, a sliding block is slidably connected to the bottom plate 111 and the side plate 112, the sliding block slides relative to the bottom plate 111 and the side plate 112, and the sliding block on the bottom plate 111 and / or the side plate 112 can be locked relative to the bottom plate 111 and / or the side plate 112; the sliding direction of the sliding block is perpendicular to the edge where the bottom plate 111 and the side plate 112 meet. The upper side edge and the lower side edge of the support plate 12 are respectively hinged to two sliding blocks.

[0091] When the angle of the support plate 12 needs to be adjusted, first, the locking of the slider position is released, then the slider is directly slid, the slider drives the support plate 12 to rotate in the process of sliding, and after the support plate 12 is rotated to the set angle, the slider position is locked, so that the adjustment of the angle of the support plate 12 is realized. The slider locking can be in the form of jacking bolt locking, which can more conveniently realize the unlocking and locking of the slider.

[0092] Through the slider, the angle of the support plate 12 relative to the plane can be adjusted to any value between 0° and 90°. For the angle uncertainty of the object 5 to be tested in the actual working condition, the inclination angle of the support plate 12 can be more conveniently adjusted to the same value as the actual working condition, further reducing the error of the measurement result.

[0093] Reference Figure 3 The push assembly 3 includes a rack 31 and a driving piece 32 arranged on the rack 31, and the push instrument 4 is installed on the driving piece 32. When the test ice block 6 is pushed, the driving piece 32 drives the push instrument 4 to act and push the test ice block 6 until the test ice block 6 slides relative to the object 5 to be tested. The rack 31 is in an inverted U-shaped structure, and universal wheels are installed at the bottom of the rack 31, so that the rack 31 can be more conveniently moved, and through the brake locking structure of the universal wheels, the rack 31 can be more conveniently kept at the set position. When testing, the rack 31 can be pushed to move so that the rack 31 is under the ice cabinet, and then the test operation is performed. After the test of the test ice block 6 is completed during the freezing process, the rack 31 is directly pushed to the side of the ice cabinet, which can reduce the obstruction to the operation of the tester and is more convenient to use.

[0094] The driving piece 32 is arranged on the beam structure on the upper side of the rack 31. For example, the driving piece 32 is an electric push rod 41, which is vertically fixedly connected to the rack 31, and the push instrument 4 is fixedly connected to the sliding part of the electric push rod 41. When the test ice block 6 is pushed to slide, the electric push rod 41 directly drives the push instrument 4 to descend and push the test ice block 6 until the test ice block 6 is separated from the object 5 to be tested, so that the maximum stress between the test ice block 6 and the object 5 to be tested is obtained.

[0095] In addition, the push rod 41 is detachably fixed to the push instrument 4. During the movement of the rack 31, the push rod 41 is detached from the push instrument 4, the rack 31 is pushed to move to the state of being horizontally arranged on the ice cabinet, and the push rod 41 is installed on the push instrument 4. Through the push rod 41, during the measurement, the movement of the driving piece 32 driving the push instrument 4 is relatively reduced, and the push instrument 4 does not need to be deeply brought into the interior of the ice cabinet, which on the one hand reduces the influence on the measurement accuracy of the push instrument 4, and on the other hand is more convenient to use.

[0096] The push rod 41 is detachably arranged, so that the push rod 41 is not easily interfered with the freezer during the pushing of the frame 31, and the convenience of use is improved. For example, the push rod 41 can be threadedly connected with the push instrument 4, and the push rod 41 is directly screwed on the push instrument 4. In other embodiments, the push rod 41 can be fixed with the push instrument 4 by clamping, threaded connection or the like.

[0097] In the initial stage of applying the pushing force to the test ice block 6, the lower end of the push rod 41 is located above the test ice block 6 and maintains a certain distance. It should be understood that the certain distance defined herein means that the lower end of the push rod 41 is kept separate from the test ice block 6, which can reduce the problem of generating a pushing force on the test ice block 6 before the test starts, and reduce the error of the test result. In addition, the small distance between the push rod 41 and the test ice block 6 ensures that the push instrument 4 moves slowly under the driving of the driving member 32 after the test starts, in order to ensure the accuracy of the test result, the distance between the push instrument 4 and the test ice block 6 needs to be reduced, which can reduce the distance without testing, save the time of experimental operation, and use more conveniently.

[0098] With reference to Figure 5 The driving member 32 includes a connecting base 321, a power output member 322 and a speed adjusting module 323. The connecting base 321 is used to install the push instrument 4, i.e., the sliding part of the electric push rod 41. The power output member 322 is used to provide power for the connecting base 321 to drive the connecting base 321 to slide, i.e., the motor of the electric push rod 41. The speed adjusting module 323 is signal connected with the power output member 322, and is used to adjust the speed of the connecting base 321 driven by the power output member 322.

[0099] Through the above arrangement, the speed of the driving member 32 driving the push instrument 4 to move is adjusted by the speed adjusting module 323, i.e., the moving speed of the pushing force applied to the test ice block 6 is adjusted, which can more accurately simulate the influence of different force acting speeds on the ice layer under the condition that the ice layer is moved by external force in the actual working condition. For example, the speed of the water surface rising and falling is different, which can more accurately analyze the influence of the force acting speed on the ice adhesion force, and improve the accuracy of the test result.

[0100] In addition, in order to obtain the ice adhesion test results more conveniently, the ice adhesion test device further comprises a measuring system 8, which comprises a controller 81 and a data acquisition module 82, wherein the data acquisition module 82 is signal connected with the push instrument 4, and is used to obtain the maximum stress of the ice block 6 and the tested object 5; the controller 81 is signal connected with the data module and the driving member 32, and is used to receive the corresponding push value and the speed of the driving member 32 driving the push instrument 4 to move, and the controller 81 processes data to establish the corresponding relationship between the maximum stress and the speed.

[0101] In addition, continuing to refer to Figure 5 , the measuring system 8 further comprises an interactive module 83 signal connected with the controller 81, which is used to transmit data information to the controller 81 and display the results processed by the controller 81. The information transmitted to the controller 81 through the interactive module 83 includes the cross-sectional area S (m 2 ) of the test ice block 6 and the inclination angle θ (degree) of the support surface relative to the horizontal plane, and the controller 81 combines the received maximum stress F (N) to obtain the ice adhesion value P (MPa) satisfying the following relationship:

[0102] .

[0103] It should be noted that the cross-sectional area S of the test ice block 6 is the inner circle area of the opening end of the ice making mold 2, which is simply understood as the opening size of the ice making mold. In combination with the description of Figure 1 and Figure 2 , in the test state, the opening of the ice making mold 2 is horizontally oriented, and in the ice making state, the opening of the ice making mold 2 is vertically upward, and the end face of the opening end of the ice making mold 2 is perpendicular to the axis of the ice making mold 2. Thus, in actual use, the inclination angle of the cross section of the plurality of ice making molds 2 abutting on the tested object 5 is adapted to the inclination angle of the tested object 5 in different test conditions, and the cross-sectional areas (i.e. the opening sizes of the upper ends in the ice making state) of the plurality of ice making molds 2 are the same, so that the bonding area does not need to be measured and calculated multiple times when calculating the ice adhesion according to the maximum stress of the test, reducing the error of the results and improving the convenience.

[0104] In addition, in actual use, the ice making mold 2 can also be provided in different cross-sectional shapes, such as rectangular, circular, etc. In the case that the cross-sectional shapes of the ice making molds 2 are different, the cross-sectional areas are set to be the same, which reduces the need for testing the bonding area, and the test operation is more convenient.

[0105] After completing the data processing, the controller 81 transmits the processing results to the interactive module 83 to display the corresponding processing results, and the test personnel can intuitively and accurately obtain the test results.

[0106] In addition, when the driving member 32 drives the push force instrument 4 to move at different speeds, the corresponding relationship between P and F is established according to different F values, and the influence of the push force speed on the ice adhesion force is intuitively displayed. This method is used to study the influence of the acting force speed on the ice adhesion force in the actual test process, and when the test ice block 6 is pushed at different speeds, the object to be tested 5 and the test ice block 6 need to be re-set.

[0107] In actual tests, for different objects to be tested 5, there are corresponding test speeds, and when testing, the action speed of the driving member 32 can be set according to the material of the object to be tested 5.

[0108] In addition, the material, thickness, surface roughness, freezing temperature and other information of the object to be tested 5 can be input through the interactive module 83, and the corresponding relationship between the corresponding information and the final ice adhesion force is established under different experimental conditions, so that the influence of various factors on the ice adhesion force can be comprehensively and intuitively obtained.

[0109] In order to facilitate the understanding of the ice adhesion force testing device provided by the embodiment of the present application, the embodiment of the present application further provides an ice adhesion force testing method, which comprises the following steps:

[0110] Sample preparation:

[0111] The test rack 1 with the corresponding angle supporting surface is selected, the object to be tested 5 is placed on the supporting surface, and the appropriate ice making mold 2 is selected to be placed on the surface of the object to be tested 5. The placement mode of the test rack 1 is adjusted to ensure that the opening of the ice making mold 2 faces upward. After water is injected into the ice making mold 2, the ice making mold 2 is placed in the refrigeration device 7 to make ice, and the test ice block 6 bonded with the object to be tested 5 is obtained.

[0112] Specifically, different inclination angle test racks 1 can be directly selected, or the supporting plate 12 can be directly rotated to adjust the angle of the supporting surface, so as to adjust the object to be tested 5 to the required inclination angle.

[0113] Adhesion test:

[0114] The state of the test rack 1 is adjusted so that the test ice block 6 is in a horizontal state, and the push force instrument 4 is adjusted to be above the test ice block 6. The push pressure assembly 3 drives the push force instrument 4 to move and push the test ice block 6 until the test ice block 6 moves relative to the object to be tested 5.

[0115] Specifically, the placement angle of the test frame 1 is adjusted so that the test ice block 6 is in a horizontal state, the frame 31 is moved to cross the ice cabinet, the push rod 41 is fixed on the push force instrument 4, and the initial position of the push force instrument 4 is adjusted so that the lower end of the push rod 41 is located on the upper moving interval of the test ice block 6; then the action rate of the driving member 32 is set so that the driving member 32 drives the push force instrument 4 to move, and the push rod 41 applies a pushing force to the test ice block 6 until the test ice block 6 slides relative to the object to be tested 5.

[0116] Obtain the test result:

[0117] Obtain the cross-sectional area S of the test ice block 6, the inclination angle θ of the object to be tested 5 relative to the ground, and the maximum pushing force value F measured by the push force instrument 4, and then the ice adhesion P between the test ice block 6 and the object to be tested 5 satisfies the following relationship:

[0118]

[0119] Specifically, the data acquisition module 82 collects the maximum falling stress measured by the push force instrument 4 and transmits it to the controller 81, the controller 81 combines the received maximum falling stress, the bonding area, and the inclination angle of the support surface relative to the ground to calculate the ice adhesion between the test ice block 6 and the object to be tested 5, and the processing result is displayed and stored through the interactive module 83.

[0120] In addition, by inputting the material of the object to be tested 5, the thickness of the object to be tested 5, the surface roughness of the object to be tested 5, the freezing temperature and other information through the interactive module 83, different maximum falling stresses are measured under different experimental influencing factors, different ice adhesion values are calculated, the controller 81 processes the data to establish the corresponding relationship between the ice adhesion and the multiple influencing factors, and the result is displayed through the interactive module 83, so that the tester can intuitively know the influence of various factors on the ice adhesion, and the analysis of the effect of the ice adhesion under actual working conditions is more accurate.

[0121] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "back", "left", "right" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the working state of the present application, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0122] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense; in addition, the plurality of references in the present application are two or more. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0123] The application has been described above with the reference made to preferred embodiments, but these are only exemplary and serve only to illustrate the application. On the basis of this, various substitutions and improvements can be made to the application, which all fall within the scope of protection of the application.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating the measurement of ice adhesion to dam panels, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a test frame (1) with the support surface of the inclined arrangement is used for supporting the object (5) to be tested to cooperate with the object (5) to be tested and simulate dam panel, and the test frame (1) includes the fixed frame (11) and the support plate (12) of the fixed frame (11) setting, The support surface is the side of the support plate (12) relatively plane inclined upwards, and the support plate (12) is rotated relative to the fixed frame (11) and can be locked in the set position, The fixed frame (11) includes the bottom plate (111) and the side plate (112) fixed to the bottom plate (111), a plurality of support grooves (113) for the lower side edge of the support plate (12) are formed on the bottom plate (111), and a plurality of limiting grooves (114) for the upper side edge of the support plate (12) are formed on the side plate (112), An ice making mold (2) is used for condensing ice on the surface of the object (5) to be tested to obtain test ice blocks (6), A pushing assembly (3) is used for pressing the test ice blocks (6) on the object (5) to be tested, A thrust instrument (4) is arranged on the pushing assembly (3) and is used for measuring the maximum stress of the object (5) to be tested and the test ice blocks (6) falling off, The pushing assembly (3) includes a rack (31) and a driving part (32) arranged on the rack (31), The thrust instrument (4) is arranged on the driving part (32), and the driving part (32) drives the thrust instrument (4) to press the test ice blocks (6) in the vertical direction, The driving part (32) includes a speed adjusting module (323) for adjusting the speed of the driving part (32) driving the thrust instrument (4) to move. The object (5) to be tested is coated on the support surface.

2. The test device of claim 1, wherein, The driving part (32) includes:

3. The test device of claim 1, wherein, A connecting base (321) is used for connecting the thrust instrument (4); A power output part (322) is connected with the connecting base (321) and drives the connecting base (321) to move; The speed adjusting module (323) is signal connected with the power output part (322) and adjusts the speed of the power output part (322) driving the connecting base (321) to move. A refrigerator (7) for containing the test frame (1) is further included, and the refrigerator (7) is provided with a recess for avoiding the pushing assembly (3) and / or the thrust instrument (4).

4. The test device of claim 1, wherein, A push rod (41) is detachably fixed to the test end of the thrust instrument (4).

5. The test device of claim 4, wherein, A measurement system (8) is further included, and the measurement system (8) includes a controller (81) and a data acquisition module (82); wherein, 6. The test device of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The data acquisition module (82) is used for acquiring the maximum stress of the test ice blocks (6) falling off; The controller (81) acquires the speed of the pushing assembly (3) applying pressure to the test ice blocks (6) and constructs the corresponding relationship between the maximum stress and the speed. ​ The controller (81) is also used to obtain the inclination angle of the support surface relative to the ground surface and the bonding area of the test ice block (6) and the object to be tested (5), and to establish a correspondence between the ice pull force and the maximum stress for falling off.

7. A test method for simulating the measurement of ice adhesion to dam panels, characterized in that, The ice adhesion test method uses the test device for simulating measurement of ice adhesion of dam panels according to any one of claims 1-6, and comprises the following steps: Sample preparation: select the ice mold (2) corresponding to the angle, place it on the object to be tested (5), and pour water into the ice mold (2), and cool at least part of the ice mold (2) to obtain a test ice block (6); Adhesion test: adjust the state of the test frame (1) so that the ice block is in a horizontal state, and adjust the pusher (4) above the test ice block (6), the pusher (4) is driven by the pusher assembly (3) to move vertically, and the test ice block (6) is pushed until the test ice block (6) falls off relative to the object to be tested (5); Obtain test results: obtain the cross-sectional area S of the test ice block (6), the inclination angle θ of the object to be tested (5) relative to the ground surface, and the maximum stress F for falling off measured by the pusher (4) under different test conditions, which satisfy the following relationship: Wherein, P is the adhesion between the test ice block (6) and the object to be tested (5); the test conditions include at least one of the speed of the pusher assembly (3) driving the pusher (4) to move, the material of the object to be tested (5), the thickness of the object to be tested (5), the surface roughness of the object to be tested (5), and the freezing temperature.

8. The test method of claim 7, wherein, After completing the sample test to obtain the test results, rotate the support plate (12) and lock the support plate (12) at the set position, adjust the support surface angle, and again perform sample preparation, adhesion test, and test result acquisition.

9. The test method of claim 8, wherein, When adjusting the support surface angle, move the lower edge of the support plate (12) to another support groove (113), and insert the upper edge of the support plate (12) into the corresponding limiting groove (114).

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