Methods for manufacturing three-dimensional objects, three-dimensional modeling systems and information processing devices

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for manufacturing three-dimensional objects, a three-dimensional modeling system, and an information processing apparatus, providing a technology that reduces the labor required to manually add control data for controlling functions specific to a three-dimensional modeling device. A method for manufacturing three-dimensional objects by layering three-dimensional modeling devices is provided. The method includes: a first step of acquiring first modeling data including path information indicating the movement path of an ejector unit that moves while ejecting modeling material, and ejection amount information indicating the amount of modeling material ejected along the movement path; a second step of generating second modeling data by adding control data of control functions to the first modeling data, or modifying the control data included in the first modeling data, based on device function information including information of functional units possessed by the three-dimensional modeling device; and a third step of controlling the three-dimensional modeling device to model the three-dimensional object according to the second modeling data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing three-dimensional objects, a three-dimensional modeling system, and an information processing device. Background Technology

[0002] Patent document 1 discloses a three-dimensional modeling device that generates modeling data representing the shape of the modeling layer used to model each layer by dividing the modeled three-dimensional object into units of layer spacing, and controls the modeling action based on the modeling data.

[0003] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-138394

[0004] When a 3D modeling device has functions unique to that device, in order to use modeling data generated by general software for modeling, it is necessary to manually add control data for controlling the functions unique to that device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by layering three-dimensional shapes using a three-dimensional modeling apparatus is provided. This method comprises: a first step of acquiring first modeling data, the first modeling data including path information representing the movement path of an ejector unit that moves while ejecting modeling material, and ejection amount information representing the amount of modeling material ejected along the movement path; a second step of generating second modeling data by adding control data controlling the functional units to the first modeling data, or modifying the control data included in the first modeling data, based on device function information including information about the functional units of the three-dimensional modeling apparatus; and a third step of controlling the three-dimensional modeling apparatus to model the three-dimensional object according to the second modeling data.

[0006] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a three-dimensional modeling system is provided. This three-dimensional modeling system includes an information processing device and a three-dimensional modeling device. The information processing device includes: a first modeling data acquisition unit that acquires first modeling data, the first modeling data including path information representing the movement path of an ejector that moves while ejecting modeling material, and ejection amount information representing the amount of modeling material ejected along the movement path; and a second modeling data generation unit that generates second modeling data by adding control data controlling the functional units to the first modeling data, or by changing the control data included in the first modeling data, based on device function information including information of functional units included in the three-dimensional modeling device. The three-dimensional modeling device includes: a second modeling data acquisition unit that acquires the second modeling data; and a modeling control unit that, according to the second modeling data, models a three-dimensional object on a platform by layering modeling material ejected from the ejector while moving the ejector relative to a stage.

[0007] According to a third aspect of this disclosure, an information processing apparatus is provided. This information processing apparatus includes: a first modeling data acquisition unit that acquires first modeling data, the first modeling data including path information representing a movement path of an ejector that moves while ejecting modeling material, and ejection amount information representing the amount of modeling material ejected along the movement path; and a second modeling data generation unit that generates second modeling data by adding control data controlling the functional units to the first modeling data, or by modifying the control data included in the first modeling data, based on device function information including information about functional units possessed by a three-dimensional modeling device. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is an explanatory diagram showing the general structure of a three-dimensional modeling system.

[0009] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional diagram showing the general structure of a planar spiral component.

[0010] Figure 3 This is a rough top view of the barrel.

[0011] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing an example of the first modeling data.

[0012] Figure 5 This is an illustrative diagram that schematically shows a three-dimensional modeling device shaping a three-dimensional object.

[0013] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the 3D modeling process.

[0014] Figure 7This is a diagram illustrating an example of device function information.

[0015] Figure 8 This is an illustrative diagram showing an example of control data appending processing.

[0016] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing an example of adding a stop command to the first modeling data.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0018] 10: 3D modeling system; 20: Material supply section; 22: Connecting path; 30: Plasticizing section; 31: Spiral housing; 32: Drive motor; 40: Flat spiral (flat screw); 42: Groove; 43: Protruding strip; 44: Material inlet; 46: Central section; 47: Upper surface; 48: Lower surface; 50: Barrel; 52: Upper surface; 54: Guide groove; 56: Connecting hole; 58: Barrel heater; 60: Ejection section; 61: Nozzle; 62: Nozzle opening; 65: Flow path; 70: Ejection adjustment section; 74: First drive section; 75: Suction section; 76: Second drive section; 77: Ejection control section; 80: Fiber 81: Fiber supply unit; 82: Fiber cutting mechanism; 83: Guide path; 100: Three-dimensional modeling device; 110: Modeling unit; 120: Upper heater; 130: Chamber heater; 210: Stage; 211: Modeling surface; 212: Stage heater; 230: Moving mechanism; 300: Control unit; 310: Processor; 311: Second modeling data acquisition unit; 312: Modeling control unit; 320: Storage device; 400: Information processing device; 410: Processor; 411: First modeling data acquisition unit; 412: Second modeling data generation unit; 420: Storage device; 450: Display unit. Detailed Implementation

[0019] A. First implementation method:

[0020] Figure 1 This is an explanatory diagram showing the schematic configuration of the three-dimensional modeling system 10 in the first embodiment. Figure 1 The diagram shows arrows indicating mutually orthogonal X, Y, and Z directions. The X and Y directions are parallel to the horizontal plane, and the Z direction is vertically upward. The arrows indicating the X, Y, and Z directions are also shown in the diagram in other figures. Figure 1 The corresponding methods are illustrated appropriately. In the following explanation, when the direction is determined, the direction indicated by the arrow in each diagram is marked as "+", and its opposite direction is marked as "-", and positive and negative signs are used in the direction markings. Hereinafter, the +Z direction will also be referred to as "up", and the -Z direction will also be referred to as "down".

[0021] The 3D modeling system 10 includes a 3D modeling device 100 and an information processing device 400. The 3D modeling device 100 includes a control unit 300 for controlling various parts of the 3D modeling device 100. The control unit 300 and the information processing device 400 are interconnected via a specified communication interface.

[0022] The three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100 includes: a modeling section 110 that generates and ejects modeling material; a modeling stage 210 that serves as a base for the three-dimensional model; and a moving mechanism 230 that controls the ejection position of the modeling material. At least the modeling section 110 and the stage 210 are disposed in a chamber (not shown). A chamber heater 130 for heating the chamber is provided. The chamber heater 130 is controlled by a control unit 300.

[0023] Under the control of the control unit 300, the molding unit 110 sprays molding material, which is plasticized from solid material, onto the stage 210. The molding unit 110 includes: a material supply unit 20, which serves as a supply source for raw materials before they are converted into molding material; a plasticizing unit 30, which converts raw materials into molding material; and an ejection unit 60, which sprays out the molding material.

[0024] The material supply unit 20 supplies raw material MR to the plasticizing unit 30. The material supply unit 20 is, for example, composed of a hopper for containing raw material MR. The material supply unit 20 is connected to the plasticizing unit 30 via a connecting passage 22. The raw material MR is fed into the material supply unit 20 in the form of granules or powder. In this embodiment, granular ABS resin is used.

[0025] The plasticizing section 30 generates a paste-like molding material that plasticizes the raw material MR supplied from the material supply section 20, giving it fluidity, and guides it to the ejection section 60. In this embodiment, "plasticizing" includes the concept of melting, a change from a solid to a fluid state. Specifically, in the case of a material undergoing a glass transition, plasticizing refers to raising the material temperature above the glass transition temperature. In the case of a material not undergoing a glass transition, plasticizing refers to raising the material temperature above the melting point.

[0026] The plasticizing section 30 includes: a spiral housing 31, a drive motor 32, a flat spiral component 40, and a barrel 50. The flat spiral component 40 is also referred to as a rotor or vortex component. The barrel 50 is also referred to as the spiral component facing section.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the lower surface 48 side of the planar helical member 40. For ease of understanding of the technology, Figure 2 The planar spiral member 40 shown is represented in a state where they face opposite directions in the vertical direction. Figure 1 The positional relationship between the upper surface 47 and the lower surface 48 is shown. Figure 3This is a schematic top view showing the upper surface 52 side of the barrel 50. The planar auger 40 has a generally cylindrical shape with a height smaller than its diameter in the axial direction along its central axis. The planar auger 40 is configured such that the rotation axis RX, which is its center of rotation, is parallel to the Z direction.

[0028] The planar helical component 40 is housed within the helical component housing 31. The upper surface 47 of the planar helical component 40 is connected to the drive motor 32, and the planar helical component 40 rotates within the helical component housing 31 using the rotational driving force generated by the drive motor 32. The drive motor 32 is driven under the control of the control unit 300. Alternatively, the planar helical component 40 can also be driven by the drive motor 32 via a speed reducer.

[0029] A vortex-shaped groove 42 is formed on the lower surface 48 of the planar helical member 40, which is the surface intersecting the rotation axis RX. The connecting passage 22 of the material supply section 20 communicates with this groove 42 from the side of the planar helical member 40. Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the groove 42 is divided by the protruding strip 43, forming three grooves. Furthermore, the number of grooves 42 is not limited to three; it can be one or more. The groove 42 is not limited to a spiral shape; it can be a helical shape, an involute curve shape, or a shape that extends in an arc from the center outwards.

[0030] The lower surface 48 of the planar spiral component 40 faces the upper surface 52 of the barrel 50, and a space is formed between the groove 42 of the lower surface 48 of the planar spiral component 40 and the upper surface 52 of the barrel 50. Material is supplied from the material supply section 20... Figure 2 The material inlet 44 shown supplies raw material MR to the space between the planar spiral member 40 and the barrel 50.

[0031] A barrel heater 58 is embedded in the barrel 50. This barrel heater 58 is used to heat the raw material MR supplied to the groove 42 of the rotating planar auger 40. A connecting hole 56 is provided at the center of the barrel 50. A plurality of guide grooves 54 are formed on the upper surface 52 of the barrel 50, which are connected to the connecting hole 56 and extend outward in a vortex shape from the connecting hole 56. Alternatively, one end of the guide groove 54 may not be connected to the connecting hole 56. Furthermore, the guide groove 54 may be omitted.

[0032] The raw material MR supplied to the groove 42 of the planar spiral member 40 is plasticized within the groove 42 and flows along the groove 42 due to the rotation of the planar spiral member 40, being guided as a molding material to the central portion 46 of the planar spiral member 40. The fluid, paste-like molding material flowing into the central portion 46 is supplied to the ejector portion 60 through a connecting hole 56 provided in the center of the barrel 50. Furthermore, the molding material may not consist of all types of substances constituting the molding material. The molding material only needs to be transformed into a fluid state as a whole by melting at least a portion of the substances constituting the molding material.

[0033] The ejection section 60 includes: a nozzle 61 for ejecting molding material; a flow path 65 for molding material disposed between the planar spiral member 40 and the nozzle opening 62; an ejection control section 77 for controlling the ejection of molding material; and a fiber supply section 80.

[0034] Nozzle 61 is connected to the communication hole 56 of barrel 50 through flow path 65. Nozzle 61 sprays the molding material generated in plasticizing section 30 from nozzle opening 62 at the front end to stage 210.

[0035] An upper heater 120 is disposed around the nozzle 61 to suppress the temperature drop of the molding material ejected onto the stage 210. The upper heater 120 is controlled by the control unit 300.

[0036] The ejection control unit 77 includes an ejection adjustment unit 70 for opening and closing the flow path 65, and an attraction unit 75 for attracting and temporarily storing the shaping material.

[0037] An ejection adjustment unit 70 is disposed within the flow path 65, and the opening degree of the flow path 65 is changed by rotating within the flow path 65. In this embodiment, the ejection adjustment unit 70 is constituted as a butterfly valve. The ejection adjustment unit 70 is driven by a first drive unit 74 under the control of the control unit 300. The first drive unit 74 is, for example, constituted as a stepper motor. By controlling the rotation angle of the butterfly valve using the first drive unit 74, the control unit 300 can adjust the flow rate of the molding material flowing from the plasticizing section 30 to the nozzle 61, that is, the amount of molding material ejected from the nozzle 61. The ejection adjustment unit 70 can adjust the amount of molding material ejected and can control the opening / closing of the molding material flow.

[0038] The suction unit 75 connects the ejection adjustment unit 70 and the nozzle opening 62 in the flow path 65. When the ejection of the shaping material from the nozzle 61 stops, the suction unit 75 temporarily suctions the shaping material in the flow path 65, suppressing the trailing phenomenon of the shaping material drooping from the nozzle opening 62 like a string. In this embodiment, the suction unit 75 is composed of a plunger. The suction unit 75 is driven by a second drive unit 76 under the control of the control unit 300. The second drive unit 76 is, for example, composed of a stepper motor, a gear and rack mechanism that converts the rotational force of the stepper motor into the translational motion of the plunger, etc.

[0039] The fiber supply section 80 supplies fibers into the flow path 65. The fiber supply section 80 includes a fiber receiving section 81 and a fiber cutting mechanism 82. A roller with fibers wound on it is disposed in the fiber receiving section 81. The fiber receiving section 81 and the flow path 65 are connected by an inlet path 83 that connects the fiber receiving section 81 and the flow path 65.

[0040] A fiber is a bundle of fibrous material with a roughly circular cross-sectional shape. For example, a fiber is a bundle of multiple carbon fibers, each with a diameter of 10 micrometers, bundled together by a bundling agent. In addition to carbon fibers, various materials with a higher elastic modulus than resin materials, such as glass fibers, can also be used as fibers.

[0041] The fiber is controlled by the control unit 300 to rotate the roller wound with the fiber, thereby being fed out from the fiber receiving unit 81 and guided into the flow path 65 via the guide path 83. The fiber guided into the flow path 65 flows along the flow of the molding material flowing in the flow path 65. By introducing the fiber into the interior of the molding material flowing in the flow path 65, a composite material of molding material and fiber is formed. The composite material formed in the flow path 65 flows in the flow path 65 and is fed out from the nozzle opening 62 of the nozzle 61 to the stage 210.

[0042] The fiber cutting mechanism 82 includes a cutter protruding into the feed path 83. The cutter is driven under the control of the control unit 300 to cut the fiber within the feed path 83. Alternatively, the fiber cutting mechanism 82 can also cut composite materials of fibers and molding materials fed from the nozzle 61 by being disposed around the nozzle opening 62.

[0043] The fiber supply unit 80 can be used when shaping a three-dimensional object using composite materials, and the three-dimensional shaping device 100 can also shape a three-dimensional object using only shaping materials without using composite materials.

[0044] The stage 210 is positioned opposite the nozzle opening 62 of the nozzle 61. In the first embodiment, the shaping surface 211 of the stage 210 opposite the nozzle opening 62 of the nozzle 61 is arranged parallel to the X and Y directions, i.e., the horizontal direction. The stage 210 includes a stage heater 212, which is used to suppress the rapid cooling of the shaping material ejected onto the stage 210. The stage heater 212 is controlled by the control unit 300.

[0045] Under the control of the control unit 300, the moving mechanism 230 changes the relative position of the stage 210 and the nozzle 61. In this embodiment, the position of the nozzle 61 is fixed, and the moving mechanism 230 moves the stage 210. The moving mechanism 230 is composed of a three-axis positioner, which uses the driving force of three motors to move the stage 210 in the three-axis directions of X, Y, and Z. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the movement of the nozzle 61 refers to the relative movement of the nozzle 61 and the ejection part 60 relative to the stage 210.

[0046] In other embodiments, instead of moving the stage 210 via the moving mechanism 230, a configuration can be adopted where the stage 210 is moved relative to the nozzle 61 by the moving mechanism 230 while the stage 210 is in a fixed position. Furthermore, a configuration can be adopted where the stage 210 is moved in the Z direction and the nozzle 61 is moved in the X and Y directions via the moving mechanism 230, or where the stage 210 is moved in the X and Y directions and the nozzle 61 is moved in the Z direction via the moving mechanism 230. Even with these configurations, the relative positional relationship between the nozzle 61 and the stage 210 can be changed.

[0047] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100 includes one modeling section 110, but the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100 may also include two or more modeling sections 110. In this case, different modeling materials are ejected from different modeling sections 110, for example. Each modeling section 110 is assigned a unique planar spiral member 40. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the ejection section 60 includes one nozzle 61, but the ejection section 60 may also include two or more nozzles 61. In this case, different linewidths of modeling materials are ejected from different nozzles 61, for example. When the ejection section 60 has two or more nozzles 61, the ejection section 60 includes a switching valve for switching the nozzle 61 used. Each nozzle 61 is assigned a unique nozzle number.

[0048] The information processing device 400 is composed of a computer, which includes one or more processors 410, a storage device 420 consisting of a main storage device and an auxiliary storage device, and an input / output interface for inputting and outputting signals to and from the outside. The processor 410 executes programs stored in the storage device 420, performing the functions of a first modeling data acquisition unit 411 and a second modeling data generation unit 412. A display unit 450, such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display, is connected to the information processing device 400.

[0049] The first styling data acquisition unit 411 acquires first styling data from another computer, recording medium, or storage device 420. The first styling data includes path information indicating the movement path of the ejector unit 60, which moves while ejecting styling material, and ejection amount information indicating the amount of styling material ejected along the movement path. The movement path of the ejector unit 60 is the path along which the nozzle 61 moves along the styling surface 211 of the stage 210 while ejecting styling material.

[0050] The path information consists of multiple partial paths. Each partial path is a straight path represented by a start point and an end point. These partial paths are also referred to as "routes." The ejection quantity information corresponds individually to each partial path. In this embodiment, the ejection quantity, represented by the ejection quantity information, is the total amount of shaping material ejected within that partial path.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the first styling data. The information described in the first styling data (PD) is... Figure 4 The data is read and interpreted sequentially from top to bottom in the diagram. As mentioned above, the first modeling data (PD) includes path information and ejection volume information. Figure 5 In this context, path information is represented by the path parameter PP. Additionally, the ejection quantity information is represented by the ejection parameter PM.

[0052] The path parameter PP specifies the coordinates (X, Y) of the modeling surface 211 of the stage 210 where the nozzle 61 should next be located, using the X and Y axes as coordinate systems. In the first modeling data PD, this is achieved through two consecutive path parameters PP. n PP n+1 Groups are used to determine a partial path. The subscript "n" is any natural number.

[0053] exist Figure 4 In the example, through two path parameters PP n PP n+1 The group determines a portion of the path along which nozzle 61 moves +10 units of a predetermined unit distance from coordinate (10,10) to coordinate (10,20) in the Y direction.

[0054] The ejection parameter PM is appended to the path parameter PP. The ejection parameter PM specifies the amount of molding material ejected during the movement of the nozzle 61 toward the coordinate represented by the path parameter PP. That is, the ejection parameter PM represents the total amount of molding material disposed on the stage 210 accompanying the movement of the nozzle 61, which is part of the path represented in the first molding data PD.

[0055] exist Figure 4 In the example, the letter "E" representing the ejection parameter PM is followed by an integer value indicating the amount of molding material represented by a given unit quantity. In this example, it is specified that 10 units of molding material are ejected during the movement of nozzle 61 from coordinate (10,10) to coordinate (10,20).

[0056] The first modeling data PD is data that can be used even when modeling a three-dimensional object using a modeling device that does not have an ejection adjustment section 70 or a suction section 75. Specifically, the first modeling data PD has the same data type as the data input to a 3D printer using a material extrusion method. Such first modeling data PD is generated using known software known as slicing software.

[0057] Figure 1 The second modeling data generation unit 412 of the information processing device 400, as shown, generates second modeling data by adding control data controlling these functional units to the first modeling data, or by modifying the control data included in the first modeling data, based on device function information including information about the functional units possessed by the three-dimensional modeling device 100. The functional units possessed by the three-dimensional modeling device 100 include, for example, the barrel heater 58, the upper heater 120, the stage heater 212, the chamber heater 130, the ejection adjustment unit 70, the suction unit 75, and the fiber supply unit 80. The second modeling data generation unit 412, in addition to... Figure 4 In addition to the path parameters and ejection parameters shown, control data for controlling these functional units will be added to the first modeling data, or the control data already included in the first modeling data will be modified to generate the second modeling data. The second modeling data is used by the three-dimensional modeling device 100 to model the three-dimensional object.

[0058] The control unit 300 is a control device that controls the overall movement of the 3D modeling apparatus 100. The control unit 300 is composed of a computer, which includes one or more processors 310, a storage device 320 consisting of a main storage device and an auxiliary storage device, and an input / output interface for inputting and outputting signals to and from the outside. The processors 310 execute programs stored in the storage device 320, performing the functions of a second modeling data acquisition unit 311 and a modeling control unit 312. Alternatively, the control unit 300 can be implemented using a combinational circuit instead of a computer.

[0059] The second design data acquisition unit 311 acquires second design data from the information processing device 400.

[0060] The modeling control unit 312 shapes a three-dimensional object on the stage 210 by layering modeling materials while moving the ejector unit 60 relative to the stage 210 and ejecting modeling materials from the ejector unit 60. At this time, the modeling control unit 312 controls the various functional units of the three-dimensional modeling device 100 and shapes the three-dimensional object according to various control data included in the second modeling data.

[0061] Figure 5 This is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100 modeling a three-dimensional object according to second modeling data. In the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100, as described above, a solid raw material MR is plasticized to generate a modeling material MM. The control unit 300 maintains the distance between the modeling surface 211 of the stage 210 and the nozzle 61, while changing the position of the nozzle 61 relative to the stage 210 in the direction along the modeling surface 211 of the stage 210, and ejects the modeling material MM from the nozzle 61. The modeling material MM ejected from the nozzle 61 continuously accumulates in the moving direction of the nozzle 61.

[0062] The control unit 300 repeatedly moves the nozzle 61 to form a layer ML. After forming a layer ML, the control unit 300 moves the nozzle 61 relative to the stage 210 in the Z direction. Then, by further stacking layers ML on top of the layer ML formed so far, the three-dimensional object is shaped.

[0063] For example, when the nozzle 61 moves in the Z direction after completing a layer ML, or when there are multiple independent shaping areas in each layer, the control unit 300 may temporarily interrupt the ejection of shaping material from the nozzle 61. In this case, the ejection of shaping material MM from the nozzle opening 62 is stopped by closing the flow path 65 through the ejection adjustment unit 70, and the shaping material in the nozzle 61 is temporarily attracted by the suction unit 75. After changing the position of the nozzle 61, the control unit 300 discharges the shaping material in the suction unit 75 and opens the flow path 65 by the ejection adjustment unit 70, thereby restarting the accumulation of shaping material MM from the changed position of the nozzle 61.

[0064] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the 3D modeling process performed in the 3D modeling system 10. 3D modeling processing is the process used to realize the manufacturing method of a 3D modeled object. In this 3D modeling process, Figure 6The processes shown in steps S100 to S180 are executed in the information processing device 400, and the processes shown in steps S190 to S200 are executed in the three-dimensional modeling device.

[0065] In step S100, the first modeling data acquisition unit 411 of the information processing device 400 acquires first modeling data from another computer, recording medium, or storage device 420. Step S100 is also referred to as the first process. In step S100, the information processing device 400 may also acquire the first modeling data by generating the first modeling data from 3D CAD data using slicing software.

[0066] In step S110, the second modeling data generation unit 412 acquires device function information including information about the functional units of the 3D modeling device 100. In this embodiment, the device function information is stored in the storage device 320 of the control unit 300 of the 3D modeling device 100. The second modeling data generation unit 412 acquires the device function information from the control unit 300 of the 3D modeling device 100. In other embodiments, the second modeling data generation unit 412 may acquire the device function information from the storage device 420 of the information processing device 400, or from other computers or recording media.

[0067] Figure 7 This diagram illustrates an example of device function information. The device function information includes information about functional units specific to the 3D modeling device 100. The 3D modeling device 100 is configured to accept commands, control data, and control values ​​for controlling each functional unit, as included in the device function information. In this embodiment, the device function information includes at least one of the following: information related to the ejection control unit 77, information related to the plasticizing unit 30, information related to the heater for heating the modeling material, and information related to the fiber supply unit 80.

[0068] Information related to the ejection control unit 77 includes, for example, at least one of "butterfly valve position" and "plunger position".

[0069] Information related to the plasticizing section 30 includes at least one of the following: "materials used", "flat auger part number", "flat auger part speed", and "flat auger part pressure value".

[0070] Information related to the heater includes at least one of the following: stage temperature, chamber temperature, barrel temperature, and upper heater temperature.

[0071] Information relating to the fiber supply section 80 includes at least one of "winding fiber material out of the fiber supply section 80" and "cutting the fiber by the fiber cutting mechanism 82".

[0072] The device function information also includes, for example, "nozzle offset coordinates", "nozzle number used", "nozzle movement speed", "speed control corresponding to line width", "nozzle movement acceleration", "speed control during angular movement", "stop control at acute angles", "cleaning treatment", "retraction position", and "processing start / end indicator".

[0073] In this embodiment, the device function information records limit values ​​for controlling these functional units in association with the information of each functional unit. The limit values ​​of the control values ​​represent the upper or lower limits of the control values. The limit values ​​of the control values ​​are also referred to as limit control values.

[0074] exist Figure 6 In step S120, the second modeling data generation unit 412 determines whether the device function information acquired in step S110 is suitable for the data format of the first modeling data. Step S120 is also referred to as the determination process. If it is determined that the device function information is not suitable for the data format of the first modeling data, in step S130, the second modeling data generation unit 412 reports an error and terminates the three-dimensional modeling process. The second modeling data generation unit 412 reports the error, for example, by displaying on the display unit 450 that the data format is not suitable. The case where the device function information is not suitable for the data format of the first modeling data is, for example, the following situation: although the data format of the first modeling data is a material extrusion data format, the device function information is information indicating the function of a light-forming or inkjet device. In order to easily identify these data formats, header information indicating these data formats can also be added to the first modeling data and the device function information.

[0075] In step S120, if it is determined that the device function information is suitable for the data format of the first modeling data, the second modeling data generation unit 412 performs control data addition processing on the first modeling data based on the device function information in step S140. This control data addition processing adds control data of the function unit controlling the three-dimensional modeling device 100.

[0076] Figure 8 This is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of control data appending processing. In this embodiment, when the device function information includes "stop control at acute angles," a stop command is appended as control data to the first styling data. Specifically, the second styling data generation unit 412 determines whether the angle connecting two consecutive partial paths is an acute angle. If the connection angle is acute, the movement of the nozzle 61 is temporarily stopped at the connection position of the two partial paths, and a stop command is appended to temporarily close the ejection adjustment unit 70. Figure 8 In this context, the location on the path where the stop command is appended is represented as "stop".

[0077] Figure 9 This diagram illustrates an example of adding a stop command to the first styling data. The stop command VC sequentially includes a close command VCc, a movement stop command VCs, and an open command VCo. The close command VCc indicates an instruction to close the flow path 65 of the ejection adjustment unit 70 and stop ejecting styling material from the nozzle 61. The movement stop command VCs indicates an instruction to stop the movement of the nozzle 61. The movement stop command VCs may also include a parameter indicating the stop time. Without the parameter indicating the stop time, the movement stop command VCs indicates an instruction to stop the movement of the nozzle 61 at a predetermined time. The open command VCo indicates an instruction to open the flow path 65 of the ejection adjustment unit 70 and allow the ejection of styling material from the nozzle 61. Thus, by adding the stop command VC between the path parameters PP, at the connection points of the partial paths, the movement of the nozzle 61 is temporarily stopped, and the ejection of the styling material is temporarily stopped.

[0078] In the control data addition processing of this embodiment, in addition to the above, for example, when the device function information includes "cleaning processing", a command to discard the molding material in the nozzle 61 at a predetermined position is added as control data each time a predetermined number of layers are stacked. Furthermore, when the device function information includes "cutting fibers by the fiber cutting mechanism 82", a command to cut the fibers by the fiber cutting mechanism 82 after the molding material ejection stops is added as control data. As explained above, in Figure 6 In step S140, during the control data addition process, various control data are automatically added to the first modeling data based on information including device function information.

[0079] After performing the control data addition processing, in step S150, the second modeling data generation unit 412 determines whether the control values ​​of each functional unit included in the first modeling data exceed the limit control values ​​of the functional units included in the device function information. For example, if the first modeling data obtained in step S100 already includes control data specifying "stage temperature," "chamber temperature," "barrel temperature," and "upper heater temperature," and if it is determined that these values ​​exceed the limit control values ​​of each functional unit recorded in the device function information obtained in step S110, the second modeling data generation unit 412 uses the display unit 450 to report an error in step S160, and changes these control data to values ​​that do not exceed the limit control values, more specifically, to the values ​​of the limit control values. For example, if the already specified control data is "360°C," and the limit control value included in the device function information is "350°C," then the control data is changed to "350°C." If the second modeling data generation unit 412 determines that the control values ​​of each functional unit included in the first modeling data do not exceed the limit control values ​​of the functional units included in the device function information, it skips the processing in step S160. Alternatively, in step S160, the second modeling data generation unit 412 may omit error reporting. Step S160 and the aforementioned step S140 are collectively referred to as the second process.

[0080] Furthermore, in step S160, an error can be reported if the control value exceeds the limit control value in a manner that exceeds a predetermined range. Moreover, if the control value exceeds the limit control value in a manner that exceeds a predetermined range, the control value may not be automatically corrected to the limit control value; instead, the user may be allowed to specify the control value. Therefore, by automatically changing the control value, unwanted actions by the 3D modeling device can be suppressed.

[0081] In step S170, the second modeling data generation unit 412 performs user-specified information reflection processing. This processing is used to modify the first modeling data based on device function information and user-specified information. For example, if the user specifies the temperature of the stage, chamber, or other heaters included in the device function information, the second modeling data generation unit 412 adds control data to the first modeling data in step S170 to specify the set temperature of each heater as the user-specified temperature. Furthermore, for example, if the user specifies the rotational speed of the planar screw 40, the second modeling data generation unit 412 adds control data to the first modeling data in step S170 to set the rotational speed of the planar screw 40 as the user-specified speed. Additionally, in step S170, if the heater temperature and the rotational speed of the planar screw are already set in the first modeling data, these control data can also be changed to user-specified values.

[0082] Through the processing described above in steps S100 to S170, control data for the first modeling data is added and changes are made to the control data included in the first modeling data. Based on the device function information obtained from the 3D modeling device 100, second modeling data is generated from the first modeling data. In step S180, the second modeling data generation unit 412 sends the generated second modeling data to the control unit 300 of the 3D modeling device 100.

[0083] In step S190, the second styling data acquisition unit 311 of the control unit 300 receives the second styling data from the information processing device 400.

[0084] In step S200, the shaping control unit 312 of the control unit 300 performs a shaping process. This process, based on second shaping data, involves layering shaping material ejected from the ejector 60 relative to the stage 210 while moving the ejector 60 relative to the stage 210, thus shaping a three-dimensional object on the stage 210. In this shaping process, the second shaping data acquisition unit 311 interprets various commands, control data, and control values ​​included in the second shaping data, and controls various functional units such as the shaping unit 110, the moving mechanism 230, the ejection control unit 77, the fiber supply unit 80, the upper heater 120, the chamber heater 130, the stage heater 212, and the barrel heater 58 based on these. Step S200 is also referred to as the third process.

[0085] According to the three-dimensional modeling system 10 of this embodiment described above, based on the device function information of the three-dimensional modeling device 100, control data is added to the first modeling data PD, which includes path information and ejection amount information, or the control data included in the first modeling data PD is modified, thereby generating second modeling data for modeling a three-dimensional object. Therefore, the labor of manually adding control data to use the functions of the three-dimensional modeling device can be eliminated, and the three-dimensional object can be modeled effectively. Furthermore, after the first modeling data is generated and acquired, control data for controlling the functions of the three-dimensional modeling device can be added to the first modeling data; therefore, if only the control data needs to be changed or modified, it is not necessary to regenerate the first modeling data itself. Therefore, the time required to generate the second modeling data can be shortened.

[0086] Furthermore, in this embodiment, since device function information is obtained from the three-dimensional modeling device 100, the effort of selecting the device function information of the corresponding three-dimensional modeling device from multiple device function information can be saved, for example.

[0087] Furthermore, in this embodiment, an error is reported when the device function information obtained from the 3D modeling device 100 is not suitable for the data format of the first modeling data, thus preventing the 3D modeling device 100 from malfunctioning due to incorrect modeling data.

[0088] Furthermore, in this embodiment, second modeling data can be generated based on device function information and information specified by the user. Therefore, various parameters such as the heater temperature and the rotational speed of the planar spiral component can be specified by the user. Thus, the manufacturing conditions of the three-dimensional model can be flexibly changed.

[0089] Furthermore, in this embodiment, when the control value of the functional unit included in the first modeling data exceeds the limit control value of the functional unit included in the device function information, the control value included in the first modeling data is automatically changed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress malfunctions of the 3D modeling device 100 due to the control value exceeding the limit control value, and to ensure that the 3D modeling device 100 operates appropriately.

[0090] B. Other implementation methods:

[0091] (B1) In the above embodiment, Figure 1 The configuration of the functional parts of the three-dimensional modeling device 100 shown can be arbitrarily changed. For example, the three-dimensional modeling device 100 may not include at least one of the upper heater 120, chamber heater 130, stage heater 212, fiber supply unit 80, ejection adjustment unit 70, and suction unit 75.

[0092] (B2) In the above embodiments, this can also be omitted. Figure 6 The processing in step S120 of the three-dimensional modeling process shown is the processing of determining whether the device function information is suitable for the data format of the first modeling data.

[0093] (B3) In the above embodiments, this can also be omitted. Figure 6 The control data appending process in step S140 of the three-dimensional modeling process shown, and the control value changing process in step S160.

[0094] (B4) In the above embodiments, this can also be omitted. Figure 6 The processing step S170 of the 3D modeling process shown is the processing of user-specified information. That is, the second modeling data generation unit 412 may not accept the specification of control values ​​from the user.

[0095] (B5) In the above embodiment, the ejection of the shaping material is temporarily stopped by driving both the ejection adjustment unit 70 and the suction unit 75. Alternatively, the ejection may be temporarily stopped by activating only the ejection adjustment unit 70 or only the suction unit 75.

[0096] (B6) In the above embodiment, the shaping section 110 plasticizes the material by means of the planar spiral member 40. In contrast, the shaping section 110 may plasticize the material by means of rotating the coaxial spiral member, or by means of a heater to plasticize filamentous material.

[0097] (B7) In the above embodiment, the flow rate of the molding material is adjusted using a jet adjustment section 70 consisting of a butterfly valve. Alternatively, the flow rate of the molding material can also be adjusted by controlling the rotational speed of the planar spiral member 40.

[0098] (B8) In the above embodiment, the material extrusion method of laminated plasticized material was used as an example for explanation, but it can also be applied to various methods such as inkjet printing, DMD (Direct Metal Deposition), and binder jetting. For example, it is also possible to acquire first styling data in the form of inkjet printing, and based on device function information including information of the functional units possessed by the inkjet printing device, add control data of the control function unit to the first styling data, or change the control data included in the first styling data, thereby generating second styling data.

[0099] (B9) In the above embodiment, granular ABS resin is used as the raw material supplied to the material supply unit 20. In contrast, the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100 can, for example, use various materials such as thermoplastic materials, metallic materials, and ceramic materials as the main material to model a three-dimensional object. "Main material" refers to the core material that forms the shape of the three-dimensional object, and is a material containing 50% by weight or more in the three-dimensional object. The modeling materials include materials in which these main materials are melted as monomers, and materials in which a portion of the components contained together with the main materials are melted into a paste-like form.

[0100] When a thermoplastic material is used as the main material, a shaping material is generated by plasticizing the material in the plasticizing section 30.

[0101] As a thermoplastic material, the following thermoplastic resin materials can be used, for example.

[0102] Examples of thermoplastic resin materials

[0103] Polypropylene resin (PP), polyethylene resin (PE), polyacetal resin (POM), polyvinyl chloride resin (PVC), polyamide resin (PA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin (ABS), polylactic acid resin (PLA), polyphenylene sulfide resin (PPS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polycarbonate (PC), modified polyphenylene ether, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate and other general engineering plastics, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polyamide-imide, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone and other engineering plastics.

[0104] Pigments, metals, and ceramics can also be mixed into thermoplastic materials. Additionally, additives such as waxes, flame retardants, antioxidants, and heat stabilizers can be added. The thermoplastic material is plasticized in the plasticizing section 30 by the rotation of the planar spiral component 40 and the heating of the barrel heater 58, thus transforming it into a molten state. The molding material generated from the molten thermoplastic material solidifies as the temperature decreases after being ejected from the nozzle 61.

[0105] The thermoplastic material is preferably heated to above its glass transition temperature and ejected from nozzle 61 in a completely molten state. For example, the glass transition temperature of ABS resin is preferably about 120°C, and preferably about 200°C when ejected from nozzle 61.

[0106] In the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100, for example, the following metallic materials can be used instead of the aforementioned thermoplastic materials as the main material. In this case, it is preferable to mix the components molten during the generation of the modeling material with a powder material in which the following metallic materials are powdered, and then feed this mixture into the plasticizing section 30 as a raw material.

[0107] Examples of metallic materials

[0108] A single metal or an alloy containing one or more of the following metals: magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni).

[0109] Examples of the alloy

[0110] Martensitic aging steel, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy, titanium alloy, nickel alloy, aluminum alloy, cobalt alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy.

[0111] In the three-dimensional modeling device 100, ceramic materials can be used instead of the aforementioned metal materials as the main material. Examples of ceramic materials that can be used include oxide ceramics such as silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, alumina, and zirconium oxide, and non-oxide ceramics such as aluminum nitride. When using the aforementioned metal or ceramic materials as the main material, the modeling material disposed on the stage 210 can be solidified by sintering using laser irradiation or hot air.

[0112] The powdered metal or ceramic material fed into the material supply section 20 as raw material can be a mixture of powders of a single metal or alloy, or powders of various ceramic materials. Furthermore, the powdered metal or ceramic material can be coated with, for example, the thermoplastic resin exemplified above, or other thermoplastic resins. In this case, it can also be a material that exhibits fluidity by melting the thermoplastic resin in the plasticizing section 30.

[0113] The solvents described below can also be added to the powdered metal or ceramic materials that are fed into the material supply section 20 as raw materials. One or more solvents selected from the following can also be used.

[0114] Examples of solvents

[0115] Water; (poly)alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether; acetates such as ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and isobutyl acetate; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl n-butyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, and acetylacetone; alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, and butanol; tetraalkylammonium acetates; sulfoxide solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and diethyl sulfoxide; pyridine solvents such as pyridine, γ-methylpyridine, and 2,6-dimethylpyridine; tetraalkylammonium acetates (e.g., tetrabutylammonium acetate); ionic liquids such as butyl carbitol acetate, etc.

[0116] Furthermore, the binder described below can also be added to the powdered metal or ceramic materials that are fed into the material supply section 20 as raw materials.

[0117] Examples of adhesives

[0118] Acrylic resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, cellulose resin or other synthetic resin or PLA (polylactic acid), PA (polyamide), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide), PEEK (polyether ether ketone) or other thermoplastic resin.

[0119] C. Other methods:

[0120] This disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be implemented in various configurations without departing from its spirit. For example, in order to solve some or all of the above-described problems, or to achieve some or all of the above-described effects, the technical features of the embodiments corresponding to the technical features in the various methods described below can be appropriately replaced or combined. Furthermore, if a technical feature is not described as an essential technical feature in this specification, it can be appropriately deleted.

[0121] (1) According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by using a three-dimensional modeling device to stack layers is provided. In this method, the three-dimensional object manufacturing method comprises: a first step of acquiring first modeling data, the first modeling data including path information representing the movement path of an ejector portion that moves while ejecting modeling material, and ejection amount information representing the amount of modeling material ejected along the movement path; a second step of generating second modeling data by adding control data controlling the functional units to the first modeling data, or changing the control data included in the first modeling data, based on device function information including information about the functional units of the three-dimensional modeling device; and a third step of controlling the three-dimensional modeling device to model the three-dimensional object according to the second modeling data.

[0122] In this way, based on the device function information of the three-dimensional modeling device, control data is added to the first modeling data, which includes path information and ejection amount information, or the control data included in the first modeling data is changed, and second modeling data for modeling three-dimensional objects can be generated. Therefore, the labor of manually adding control data in order to use the function of the device can be saved, and three-dimensional objects can be modeled effectively.

[0123] (2) In the above method, there may be a step of obtaining the device function information from the three-dimensional modeling device. According to this method, for example, the labor of selecting the device function information of the corresponding three-dimensional modeling device from multiple device function information can be saved.

[0124] (3) In the above method, there may be a judgment step to determine whether the acquired device function information is suitable for the data format of the first modeling data.

[0125] (4) In the above method, the judgment process may include the following step: if it is determined that the device function information is not suitable for the data format of the first modeling data, an error is reported. According to this method, malfunctions of the 3D modeling device can be suppressed.

[0126] (5) In the above method, the second modeling data can be generated in the second step based on the device function information and information specified by the user. According to this method, for example, the manufacturing conditions of the three-dimensional model can be flexibly changed.

[0127] (6) In the above manner, the functional unit may include at least one of the following: an ejection control unit for controlling the ejection of the molding material, a plasticizing unit for plasticizing raw materials to generate the molding material, a heater for heating the molding material, and a fiber supply unit for supplying fibers to the molding material.

[0128] (7) In the above method, in the second step, if the control value of the functional part included in the first modeling data exceeds the limit control value of the functional part included in the device function information, the control value included in the first modeling data can be changed to a value not exceeding the limit control value. According to this method, the three-dimensional modeling device can operate appropriately.

[0129] (8) In the above method, an error can be reported during the second process if the control value of the functional unit included in the first modeling data exceeds the limit control value of the functional unit included in the device function information. According to this method, unwanted actions of the 3D modeling device can be suppressed by automatically changing the control value.

[0130] (9) According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a three-dimensional modeling system is provided. The three-dimensional modeling system includes an information processing device and a three-dimensional modeling device. The information processing device includes: a first modeling data acquisition unit that acquires first modeling data, the first modeling data including path information indicating the movement path of an ejector that moves while ejecting modeling material, and ejection amount information indicating the amount of modeling material ejected along the movement path; and a second modeling data generation unit that generates second modeling data by adding control data controlling the functional units to the first modeling data, or by changing the control data included in the first modeling data, based on device function information including information of functional units included in the three-dimensional modeling device. The three-dimensional modeling device includes: a second modeling data acquisition unit that acquires the second modeling data; and a modeling control unit that, according to the second modeling data, models a three-dimensional object on a platform by layering modeling material ejected from the ejector while moving the ejector relative to a stage.

[0131] (10) According to a third aspect of this disclosure, an information processing apparatus is provided. The information processing apparatus includes: a first modeling data acquisition unit that acquires first modeling data, the first modeling data including path information indicating a movement path of an ejector that moves while ejecting modeling material, and ejection amount information indicating the amount of modeling material ejected in the movement path; and a second modeling data generation unit that generates second modeling data by adding control data controlling the functional units to the first modeling data, or by changing the control data included in the first modeling data, based on device function information including information of functional units possessed by a three-dimensional modeling device.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object, characterized in that, Three-dimensional objects are created by layering them using a three-dimensional modeling device. The method for manufacturing the three-dimensional model includes: The first step is to acquire first shaping data, which includes path information and ejection amount information. The path information represents the movement path of the ejector unit while ejecting shaping material, and the ejection amount information represents the amount of shaping material ejected along the movement path. The second step involves, based on device function information including information about at least one functional unit of the three-dimensional modeling device, adding control data controlling the at least one functional unit to the first modeling data, or modifying the control data included in the first modeling data, thereby generating second modeling data; and The third step involves controlling the three-dimensional modeling device to model the three-dimensional object according to the second modeling data. The at least one functional part includes an attraction part that temporarily attracts the shaping material. The device function information includes at least one of the following: information related to the ejection control unit, information related to the plasticizing unit, information related to the heater for heating the molding material, and information related to the fiber supply unit.

2. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional model includes a step of obtaining functional information of the three-dimensional modeling device.

3. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for manufacturing the three-dimensional model includes a judgment step, which determines whether the acquired device functional information is suitable for the data format of the first model data.

4. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the judgment process, if it is determined that the device function information is not suitable for the data format of the first modeling data, an error is reported.

5. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional model according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, In the second step, the second modeling data is generated based on the device function information and the information specified by the user.

6. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional model according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The at least one functional unit includes at least one of an ejection control unit, a plasticizing unit, a heater, and a fiber supply unit. The ejection control unit controls the ejection of the molding material, the plasticizing unit plasticizes the raw material to generate the molding material, the heater heats the molding material, and the fiber supply unit supplies fibers to the molding material.

7. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional model according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, In the second process, if the control value of at least one functional unit included in the first styling data exceeds the limit control value of at least one functional unit included in the device function information, the control value included in the first styling data is changed to a value that does not exceed the limit control value.

8. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional model according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, In the second process, if the control value of at least one functional unit included in the first modeling data exceeds the limit control value of at least one functional unit included in the device function information, an error is reported.

9. A three-dimensional modeling system, characterized in that, Equipped with information processing devices and 3D modeling devices, The information processing device includes: The first styling data acquisition unit acquires first styling data, which includes path information and ejection amount information. The path information represents the movement path of the ejector unit as it moves while ejecting styling material, and the ejection amount information represents the amount of styling material ejected along the movement path. as well as The second modeling data generation unit generates second modeling data by adding control data controlling the at least one functional unit to the first modeling data, or by modifying the control data included in the first modeling data, based on device function information including information about at least one functional unit possessed by the three-dimensional modeling device. The three-dimensional modeling device includes: The second styling data acquisition unit acquires the second styling data; and The shaping control unit, according to the second shaping data, shapes a three-dimensional object on the platform by layering shaping materials by ejecting them from the ejector while moving the ejector relative to the stage. The at least one functional part includes an attraction part that temporarily attracts the shaping material. The device function information includes at least one of the following: information related to the ejection control unit, information related to the plasticizing unit, information related to the heater for heating the molding material, and information related to the fiber supply unit.

10. An information processing device, characterized in that, The information processing device includes: The first styling data acquisition unit acquires first styling data, which includes path information and ejection amount information. The path information represents the movement path of the ejector unit as it moves while ejecting styling material, and the ejection amount information represents the amount of styling material ejected along the movement path. as well as The second modeling data generation unit generates second modeling data by adding control data controlling the at least one functional unit to the first modeling data, or by modifying the control data included in the first modeling data, based on device function information including information about at least one functional unit possessed by the 3D modeling device. The at least one functional part includes an attraction part that temporarily attracts the shaping material. The device function information includes at least one of the following: information related to the ejection control unit, information related to the plasticizing unit, information related to the heater for heating the molding material, and information related to the fiber supply unit.

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