Seawater desalination impurity pretreatment component, system and process

Abstract

This application belongs to the field of seawater desalination, and specifically relates to a seawater desalination impurity pretreatment component, system and process, including a pretreatment pool, in which a flocculation pool and a flotation pool are connected in sequence; an aeration disc is arranged in the flocculation pool, and the aeration disc generates bubbles, and the bubbles adhere to some impurities in the seawater, so that the impurities with a density less than that of seawater float on the surface of the seawater to form scum, and the impurities with a density greater than that of seawater sink to the bottom to form sludge; the upper end of the flotation pool is connected to the upper end of the flocculation pool, so that the scum drifts to the upper surface of the flotation pool; sedimentation parts are respectively connected to the bottom of the flocculation pool and the flotation pool in the flotation pool; a flotation pool scum channel is arranged on one side of the flotation pool, and the upper outlet of the flotation pool scum channel is connected to the upper outlet of the flotation pool; the invention is reasonable in design, compact in structure and convenient to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of seawater desalination pretreatment, and particularly to seawater desalination impurity pretreatment components, systems and processes. Background Art

[0002] In existing seawater desalination pretreatment, impurities are generally treated by air flotation. Through the air flotation process, it generally includes aeration and flocculation in seawater to achieve impurity nucleation. Impurities with a large density will sink to the bottom of the pool as sludge, while impurities with a small density will form scum and float to the surface of the seawater.

[0003] For impurities, the floating scum is generally fished out by a screen. However, since the screen enters and exits the seawater, it causes the water surface to fluctuate, which makes the scum float around, so that the impurities at the corners are not treated for a long time and deteriorate, polluting the seawater to be desalinated. The sinking sludge generally flows out through a long-distance pipeline together with the seawater. However, when the valve of the sewage discharge pipeline is closed, the flow rate of the finally discharged sewage will slow down, causing the sludge to deposit in the pipeline. Since the sewage discharge pipeline is opened regularly, the sludge adheres, and even biological growth and adhesion occur, resulting in inconvenient cleaning of the pipeline in the later stage and even blockage.

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the existing air flotation pretreatment process, such as incomplete impurity cleaning, high difficulty and low efficiency, how to achieve efficient cleaning and reduce the later shutdown and maintenance time, the present invention proposes an effective solution, which can effectively treat impurities and avoid the influence of scum and sludge generated by impurities on the air flotation tank. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the many problems existing in the cleaning of impurities in seawater desalination pretreatment, this application provides a seawater desalination impurity pretreatment component, system and process, and adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] In order to solve the problem of impurities in seawater desalination pretreatment, a seawater desalination impurity pretreatment component of the present invention includes a pretreatment tank, in which a flocculation tank and an air flotation tank are sequentially connected; thus, sinking treatment of impurities with a large density and air flotation treatment of impurities with a small density are realized, so as to achieve pretreatment.

[0007] In order to produce a bubble treatment effect, an aeration disc is arranged in the flocculation tank. The aeration disc generates bubbles, and the bubbles adhere to some impurities in the seawater, so that the impurities with a density less than that of the seawater float to the surface of the seawater to form scum, and the impurities with a density greater than that of the seawater sink to the bottom to form sludge;

[0008] In order to achieve multi-stage separation, the upper end of the air flotation tank is connected to the upper end of the flocculation tank, so that the scum drifts to the upper surface of the air flotation tank;

[0009] In the air flotation tank, the bottoms of the flocculation tank and the air flotation tank are respectively connected with a sedimentation part;

[0010] In order to separate the scum from the seawater, a scum channel is provided on one side of the flotation tank, and the upper outlet of the scum channel is connected to the upper outlet of the flotation tank;

[0011] There is a scraper running above the flotation tank and the slag channel;

[0012] In order to achieve better removal of scum, the scraper includes a scraper chain assembly, which has a scum scraping section and a scum conveying section that are circularly connected; the scum scraping section is located on the upper part of the flotation tank; the two ends of the scum conveying section are respectively located above the flotation tank and the scum channel;

[0013] The slag output end of the slag upward conveying section of the scraper is above the slag channel.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

[0015] In order to realize the circulation work, there are several scum removal components on the scraper chain component. The scum removal components are immersed in seawater in the flotation tank, and the scum is picked up from the flotation tank and sent to the scum channel at the scum output end;

[0016] In order to prevent the attached scum from being brought into the sea water again, a blowing hole is provided at the scum output end to blow toward the scraper chain assembly, so as to blow away the scum attached to the scraper chain assembly;

[0017] In the process of scooping the scum, in order to prevent the scum from falling midway, a scraper guide slope is arranged on the top of the wall of the cofferdam part between the air flotation tank and the scum channel.

[0018] In order to achieve smooth separation of scum, a process scraper groove is longitudinally arranged on the scraper guide slope, and the upper end of the inclined process scraper groove is opened; the lower input end of the scraper guide slope is immersed in the seawater of the flotation tank and the upper output end is located above the scum channel.

[0019] In order to reduce the accumulation of scum in the corners despite the fluctuation, the scum removal assembly includes a support hinge seat installed on the scraper chain assembly, a scum scraper gripper is hinged on the support hinge seat for entering the seawater of the flotation tank at least in the scum scraping section, and a return spring is arranged between the support hinge seat and the scum scraper gripper; when the scum scraper gripper walks on the scum upper feeding section, the end of the scum scraper gripper enters the corresponding process scraping groove;

[0020] An air flotation pad is arranged on the scum scraping gripper.

[0021] In order to avoid the timely cleaning and treatment of scum, a scum output system is provided above the scum channel; the scum output system includes a rotating floating ball retrieving rotating roller; floating ball removing mesh hooks are distributed on the floating ball retrieving rotating roller, and the floating ball removing mesh hooks rotate between the floating ball retrieving station and the floating ball output station; the floating ball retrieving station is in the scum channel; the floating ball output station is above the scum channel;

[0022] The floating ball removing mesh hook is L-shaped, and the lower surface of the horizontal plate of the floating ball removing mesh hook is tangentially arranged on the outer side wall of the floating ball retrieving rotating roller. A floating ball storage part is arranged obliquely below the output end of the floating ball removing mesh hook, and the floating ball storage part is separated from the rotating floating ball removing mesh hook;

[0023] At the floating ball retrieving station, the floating ball removing mesh hook retrieves the floating ball components with attached scum in the scum channel; at the floating ball output station, the floating ball components roll from the floating ball removing mesh hook onto the floating ball storage part;

[0024] In order to achieve the aggregation of scum and nucleation, floating ball components are put into the flotation tank; the floating ball components include a central sphere, on which distributed side arc pieces are symmetrically or asymmetrically arranged, and adsorption needle-like protrusions are distributed on the central sphere.

[0025] In order to avoid the blockage of the output pipeline by silt, a sludge discharge output system is provided in the sedimentation part; the middle or bottom outlet of the flotation tank is connected to the total water outlet channel through a baffle channel; the sludge discharge output system includes a sludge output pipeline laid at the bottom of the flotation tank and / or the flocculation tank;

[0026] An intermediate connection pipeline is arranged between several connected sludge output pipelines;

[0027] In order to improve the installation processability, a spherical cone head that seals with the inner spherical end face of the corresponding sludge output pipeline is arranged at the end of the intermediate connection pipeline;

[0028] As a theoretical improvement, to achieve the collection of attached silt, a fan blade wheel is arranged in the inner cavity of the intermediate connection pipeline;

[0029] An air supply pipeline and / or a floating ball input pipeline is connected to the intermediate connection pipeline; the floating ball input pipeline is connected to a screw conveyor output part for pushing floating balls into the floating ball input pipeline.

[0030] As an extended inclusion, a seawater desalination pretreatment system includes a seawater desalination impurity pretreatment component.

[0031] As a specific implementation process, a seawater desalination pretreatment process, with the aid of the seawater desalination pretreatment system, performs the following steps;

[0032] Step 1, the seawater to be desalinated enters the pretreatment tank;

[0033] Step 2: Aerate in the flocculation tank to flocculate the scum of seawater and precipitate the sinking impurities to form sludge.

[0034] Step 3: The seawater after flocculation enters the air flotation tank, where the seawater is allowed to stand still to separate the floating scum from the sinking sludge. The scum scraper retrieves the floating scum from the air flotation tank and enters the scum channel through the scum output end.

[0035] Through the improvement of the existing pretreatment, the present invention can effectively remove Enteromorpha, oil stains, floating organisms, etc., and improve the efficiency and quality of seawater pretreatment. By improving the pretreatment section, the present invention effectively solves the problem of impurity treatment, and at the same time solves the problems of treatment of precipitates and floating scum caused by impurities. The present invention outputs water in the middle of the air flotation tank to avoid the entry of floating scum and sludge. Description of the Drawings

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a preferred pretreatment structure.

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a preferred air flotation tank structure.

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a preferred scum scraper structure.

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional effect of a preferred floating ball retrieval station.

[0040] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a preferred floating scum grabbing hand structure.

[0041] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the other side part of the preferred floating scum grabbing hand.

[0042] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a preferred floating ball component structure.

[0043] Figure 8 It is a specific construction structure diagram of the pretreatment.

[0044] Figure 9 It is a preferred side view partial schematic diagram of the preferred pretreatment.

[0045] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of a preferred sludge output pipeline structure.

[0046] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of a preferred auger output part structure.

[0047] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment structure of a fan blade wheel.

[0048] Figure 13It is a structural diagram of another preferred embodiment of the fan blade wheel.

[0049] Among them, 1. Pretreatment tank; 3. Flocculation tank; 4. Air flotation tank; 6. Sedimentation part; 13. Scum channel; 14. Scum scraper; 15. Baffle channel; 16. Total effluent channel; 18. Scum output system; 20. Sludge discharge output system; 21. Aeration disc; 22. Perforated partition; 23. Scraper chain assembly; 24. Scum removal component; 25. Scraper guide slope; 35. Scum scraping section; 36. Scum feeding section; 37. Scum output end; 38. Process scraping groove; 39. Floating ball storage part; 40. Floating ball removal netting hook; 41. Floating ball component; 42. Central sphere; 43. Side arc plate; 44. Adsorption needle-like protrusion; 45. Auger output part; 46. Sludge output pipeline; 47. Air inlet pipeline; 48. Floating ball input pipeline; 49. Intermediate pipeline; 50. Fan blade wheel; 51. Spherical cone head; 52. Support hinge seat; 53. Scum scraping gripper; 54. Return spring; 55. Air flotation pad; 56. Floating ball fishing station; 57. Floating ball output station. Detailed implementation manners

[0050] The following is a further detailed description of the present application in conjunction with the attached Figures 1-13 This application mainly describes the content related to the invention points, such as valves, pipelines, covers, overhead cranes, circuits, fire protection, etc. are ignored. This invention is mainly aimed at the application in the seawater desalination pretreatment section in coastal cities such as Qingdao.

[0051] As Figures 1-13 shown, the seawater desalination impurity pretreatment component of this embodiment includes a cofferdam part for storing seawater, which is made of concrete casting structure; the following components are arranged in the cofferdam part and are connected through pipelines, cement tanks, etc.

[0052] Pretreatment tank 1, which accesses seawater resources such as seawater lakes and is used for incoming seawater to be desalinated;

[0053] In order to facilitate the removal of physical impurities in seawater, the pretreatment system can add chemicals to it and stir to achieve full contact and attachment. Flocculation tank 3, which is filled with chemicals and connected to the output pipeline of the chemical dosing part, flocculates the seawater and precipitates the sinking impurities;

[0054] Air flotation tank 4, whose upper inlet is connected to the up-turning outlet of the flocculation tank 3; in the air flotation tank 4, the scum is treated, and at the same time, through static settlement, the sediment is settled, realizing the pretreatment of seawater.

[0055] The above structure is preferably a snake-like structure with upper and lower connections.

[0056] The precipitation section 6 is connected to the lower outlet of the air flotation tank 4, which can be directly or indirectly connected. The lower outlet is preferably in the middle and lower part, so as to realize the connection of the seawater after upper and lower separation.

[0057] As a specific structure introduction, an overflow channel is arranged on one side of the pretreatment tank 1 to realize overflow and avoid overspill; a channel gate valve is arranged in the cofferdam section, which can be automatic, manual or other controls; the lower outlet of the air flotation tank 4 is connected to the total effluent channel 16 through a baffle channel 15, and the bottom of the total effluent channel 16 can also be connected to the precipitation section 6. The precipitation section 6 mainly statically stores the seawater after flocculation and air flotation treatment; subsequent processes such as reverse osmosis can be connected later.

[0058] Preferably, the dosing section includes conventional settings such as a supporting service water pipeline, a PAM dosing section, a PAC dosing section, and / or a standby dosing section, etc., so as to flocculate the seawater.

[0059] An aeration disk 21 is arranged in the flocculation tank 3, which has an aeration disk to generate bubbles; the aeration disk 21 is connected to an air pressure pipeline 19; the aeration disk 21 is used to send in air and / or ozone, so as to realize purification and increase the flocculation effect.

[0060] A sludge discharge output system 20 is arranged at the bottom of the flocculation tank 3 and / or the air flotation tank 4; thus, the discharge of sediment is realized.

[0061] The sludge discharge output system 20 includes a sludge output pipeline 46 laid at the bottom of the cofferdam section.

[0062] An intermediate connection pipeline 49 is arranged between several connected sludge output pipelines 46; thus, the connection of adjacent pipelines is realized, which is convenient for pipeline connection and repair, and is convenient for adding some transition components.

[0063] As a further improvement, a spherical cone head 51 that seals with the inner spherical end face of the corresponding sludge output pipeline 46 is arranged at the end of the intermediate connection pipeline 49; multi-angle sealing is realized through the taper, thus solving the problem that the pipeline requires high coaxiality and realizing flexible connection.

[0064] As a theoretical improvement, a fan blade wheel 50 is arranged in the inner cavity of the intermediate connection pipeline 49. When the seawater flows, its flow will drive the fan blade wheel 50, thus increasing the degree of disorder of the seawater in the pipeline and avoiding sediment deposition.

[0065] To further avoid sediment blockage, large pipes are preferred. As an option, an air inlet pipe 47 and / or a float input pipe 48 are connected to the intermediate pipeline 49; introducing air flow is a theoretical option, but the presence of bubbles may affect the forward movement of the sewage being discharged, so this is a secondary option. Theoretically, through a number of floats with a density close to that of water, they can be easily suspended, so as to better scrape the side walls inside the pipe, avoid sediment formation and clean it in a timely manner. The float input pipe 48 is connected to a screw conveyor output part 45 for pushing floats into the float input pipe 48.

[0066] In the seawater desalination impurity pretreatment assembly of this embodiment, the air flotation assembly includes an air flotation tank 4 provided in the cofferdam part for treating the floating scum; when cleaning the floating scum designed previously, during actual use, when pulling the floating scum, the gripper will cause water ripple fluctuations, making the floating scum spread outwards and also descend deeper into the water, thus reducing the efficiency of scooping up the floating scum.

[0067] To collect the floating scum, a floating scum channel 13 is provided on one side of the air flotation tank 4, and the upper outlet of the floating scum channel 13 is communicated with the upper outlet of the air flotation tank 4;

[0068] To improve the collection efficiency of the floating scum and enhance automation and mechanization, a scum scraper 14 travels above the air flotation tank 4 and the floating scum channel 13.

[0069] As a description of the preferred mechanism, the scum scraper 14 includes a scraper chain assembly 23, which has a simple structure, good flexibility and can adjust the conveying direction. The scraper chain assembly 23 has a floating scum scraping section 35 and a floating scum upward conveying section 36 connected in a cycle; the floating scum scraping section 35 is located on the cofferdam wall at the upper part of the air flotation tank 4, so as to facilitate scooping up the floating scum; both ends of the floating scum upward conveying section 36 are located above the air flotation tank 4 and the floating scum channel 13 respectively, so as to achieve a better separation effect between the floating scum and the seawater and reduce the dropping of the floating scum;

[0070] The floating scum output end 37 of the floating scum upward conveying section 36 of the scum scraper 14 is above the floating scum channel 13.

[0071] There are several floating scum removal components 24 on the scraper chain assembly 23 respectively to achieve continuous cyclic operation, for scooping up the floating scum from the air flotation tank 4 and sending the floating scum into the floating scum channel 13 at the floating scum output end 37; as an option, air blowing holes are provided at the floating scum output end 37 for blowing off the floating scum attached to the scraper chain assembly 23, so as to prevent the floating scum from returning to the seawater again along with the cyclic gripper;

[0072] To improve the processability and prevent the floating scum from dropping, a scraper guiding inclined plane 25 is inclinedly provided at the top of the wall of the cofferdam part between the air flotation tank 4 and the floating scum channel 13; thus enabling the gripper to rise smoothly and obliquely away from the seawater.

[0073] A process scraping groove 38 is provided on the scraping guide inclined surface 25. The upper end of the obliquely arranged process scraping groove 38 is open. The lower end of the scraping guide inclined surface 25 is immersed in seawater. The gripper enters the groove to avoid contact between the gripper and the inclined surface, reduce friction and noise, and enable the floating slag to move forward on the inclined surface.

[0074] As a further improvement, the above-mentioned gripper is fixedly arranged. At the output station, the gripper is obliquely arranged so that the floating slag is not easily dropped. To address this problem, as the following improvement, the floating slag removal assembly 24 includes a support hinge seat 52 installed on the scraper chain assembly 23. A floating slag scraping gripper 53 for entering the seawater at least in the floating slag scraping section 35 is hinged on the support hinge seat 52. A return spring 54 is arranged between the support hinge seat 52 and the floating slag scraping gripper 53. When the floating slag scraping gripper 53 walks on the floating slag feeding section 36, the end of the floating slag scraping gripper 53 enters the corresponding process scraping groove 38. At its output part, due to the absence of buoyancy, it automatically droops due to its own weight and the spring, and under the action of the spring, it oscillates repeatedly, thus achieving better automatic cleaning of the floating slag. Its gripper can be inserted into the seawater by gravity and float up automatically by buoyancy, so as to better pick up the floating slag. By using the gripper, the interference with seawater is reduced. Its gripper fingers are in the groove, reducing interference and noise, so as to better remove the floating slag.

[0075] To improve the floating effect, an air floating pad 55 can be provided on the floating slag scraping gripper 53, which can be achieved by adjusting the inflation of the air floating airbag.

[0076] A floating slag output system 18 is provided above the floating slag channel 13. The floating slag output system 18 includes a rotating floating ball retrieving rotating roller. Floating ball retrieving net-shaped hooks 40 are distributed on the floating ball retrieving rotating roller. The floating ball retrieving net-shaped hooks 40 rotate between the floating ball retrieving station 56 and the floating ball output station 57 to collect the floating slag. The floating slag output system 18 can be Figure 7 the extraction pipeline system, or it can be as shown in Figures 1-4 the structure.

[0077] The floating ball retrieving net-shaped hook 40 is L-shaped to better retrieve the floating slag. As an improvement to the prior art, to avoid the accumulation of floating slag at the center, the lower surface of the horizontal plate of the floating ball retrieving net-shaped hook 40 is tangentially arranged on the outer side wall of the floating ball retrieving rotating roller. A floating ball storage part 39 is arranged obliquely below the output end of the floating ball retrieving net-shaped hook 40. The floating ball storage part 39 is separated from the rotating floating ball retrieving net-shaped hook 40.

[0078] At the floating ball retrieving station 56, the floating ball retrieving net-shaped hook 40 retrieves the floating ball component 41 with attached floating slag in the floating slag channel 13. At the floating ball output station 57, the floating ball component 41 rolls from the floating ball retrieving net-shaped hook 40 onto the floating ball storage part 39, thus realizing the automatic and efficient retrieval of the floating balls.

[0079] For fine particles, oil stains, floating substances, flocs, etc., in the present invention, by putting floating ball components 41 into the air flotation tank 4, attachment and polymerization are achieved; the floating ball components 41 include a central sphere 42, on which distribution side arc plates 43 are symmetrically or asymmetrically arranged, and adsorption needle-like protrusions 44 are distributed on the central sphere 42. It adopts a symmetric structure, which is convenient to manufacture. Through the asymmetric structure, the floating ball is prevented from spinning in place. Through the needle-like protrusions, it can be a combination of soft and hard, preferably plant fibers or metal structures. Through plant fibers, floating scum can be effectively adsorbed, and through metal needles, a large amount of floating scum can be attached.

[0080] Such as Figures 1-13 , preferably, for the implementation principle of a seawater desalination impurity pretreatment component, system and process, when used by users, as a preference, it can be used alone or in combination. The seawater desalination pretreatment process of this embodiment, with the aid of a seawater desalination pretreatment system, performs the following steps;

[0081] Step 1, the seawater to be desalinated passes through the pretreatment tank 1 and enters the flocculation tank 3 through the stirring part; this is a conventional procedure.

[0082] Step 2, add chemicals in the flocculation tank 3 and perform aeration to flocculate the seawater and precipitate the sinking impurities.

[0083] As an innovation, in Step 3, after the flocculated seawater enters the air flotation tank 4, the seawater is allowed to stand still to separate the floating scum from the sinking sludge. The slag scraping machine 14 scoops up the floating scum from the air flotation tank 4 and enters the floating scum channel 13 from the floating scum output end 37. The seawater after removing the floating scum enters the sedimentation part 6 for standing still, thus realizing the automatic and efficient cleaning of the floating scum.

[0084] As an innovation, in Step 3, in the floating scum removal process, first, in the floating scum scraping section 35, the floating scum scraping gripper 53 enters the air flotation tank 4 and floats up against the spring force of the return spring 54 and its own gravity, thereby scooping up the floating scum; then, the floating scum scraping gripper 53 enters and moves along the process scraping groove 38 and goes up to the floating scum channel 13 along with the floating scum feeding section 36. Under the action of gravity and the spring force of the return spring 54, the floating scum scraping gripper 53 swings downward, causing the floating scum to fall into the floating scum channel 13.

[0085] As an innovation, in Step 4, the floating ball scooping and rotating roller rotates. First, at the floating ball scooping station 56, the floating ball removing mesh hook 40 scoops up the floating ball components 41 with attached floating scum in the floating scum channel 13; then, at the floating ball output station 57, the floating ball components 41 roll off the floating ball removing mesh hook 40 and fall into the floating ball storage part 39; thus, the collection of the floating scum is realized. The floating balls are sent to an external partner for recycling or waste treatment.

[0086] Among them, the floating ball component 41 is put into the air flotation tank 4, and the adsorption needle-like protrusions 44 are used to adsorb the floating scum. By asymmetrically arranging the distribution side arc pieces 43, the floating ball component 41 is prevented from spinning in place; thus, effective and cyclic treatment is achieved, and individual floating balls are prevented from spinning and being unable to be collected.

[0087] As an innovation, in step five, the sinking sludge enters the sludge output pipeline 46, and the air supply pipeline 47 and / or the floating ball input pipeline 48 are started to supply air flow and / or the floating ball component 41 distributed by the auger output part 45. The sludge generates turbulence under the action of the fan blade wheel 50, the air flow and / or the floating ball component 41, and the sinking sludge is driven out; thus, turbulence is generated to prevent sediment from settling.

[0088] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A seawater desalination impurity pretreatment component, characterized in that: it includes a pretreatment tank (1), and a flocculation tank (3) and a flotation tank (4) that are connected in sequence are arranged in the pretreatment tank (1); an aeration disc (21) is arranged in the flocculation tank (3), the aeration disc (21) generates bubbles, and the bubbles adhere to some impurities in the seawater, so that the impurities with a density less than that of the seawater float on the surface of the seawater to form scum, and the impurities with a density greater than that of the seawater sink to the bottom to form sludge; the upper end of the flotation tank (4) is connected to the upper end of the flocculation tank (3), so that the scum drifts to the upper surface of the flotation tank (4); sedimentation parts (6) are respectively connected to the bottoms of the flocculation tank (3) and the flotation tank (4) in the flotation tank (4); a scum channel (13) is arranged on one side of the flotation tank (4), and the upper outlet of the scum channel (13) is connected to the upper outlet of the flotation tank (4); a scum scraper (14) travels above the flotation tank (4) and the scum channel (13); the scum scraper (14) includes a scraper chain assembly (23), and the scraper chain assembly (23) has a scum scraping section (35) and a scum feeding section (36) that are connected in a loop; the scum scraping section (35) is located in the upper part of the flotation tank (4); both ends of the scum feeding section (36) are located above the flotation tank (4) and the scum channel (13); the scum output end (37) of the scum feeding section (36) of the scum scraper (14) is above the scum channel (13); a number of scum removing components (24) are respectively arranged on the scraper chain assembly (23), and the scum removing components (24) are immersed in the seawater in the flotation tank (4), scoop up the scum from the flotation tank (4) and send the scum into the scum channel (13) at the scum output end (37); a blow hole blowing towards the scraper chain assembly (23) is arranged at the scum output end (37) for blowing off the scum adhering to the scraper chain assembly (23); a scraper guiding inclined surface (25) is inclinedly arranged at the top of the wall of the cofferdam part between the flotation tank (4) and the scum channel (13); a process scraping groove (38) is longitudinally arranged on the scraper guiding inclined surface (25), and the upper end of the obliquely arranged process scraping groove (38) is open; the lower input end of the scraper guiding inclined surface (25) is immersed in the seawater in the flotation tank (4) and the upper output end is located above the scum channel (13); the scum removing component (24) includes a support hinge seat (52) installed on the scraper chain assembly (23), a scum scraping gripper (53) is hinged on the support hinge seat (52) and is used to enter the seawater in the flotation tank (4) at least in the scum scraping section (35), and a return spring (54) is arranged between the support hinge seat (52) and the scum scraping gripper (53); when the scum scraping gripper (53) travels on the scum feeding section (36), the end of the scum scraping gripper (53) enters the corresponding process scraping groove (38); an air flotation pad (55) is arranged on the scum scraping gripper (53).

2. The seawater desalination impurity pretreatment component according to claim 1, characterized in that: Above the scum channel (13), there is a scum output system (18); the scum output system (18) includes a rotatable floating ball retrieving rotating roller; on the floating ball retrieving rotating roller, there are distributed floating ball removing mesh hooks (40), and the floating ball removing mesh hooks (40) rotate between the floating ball retrieving station (56) and the floating ball output station (57); the floating ball retrieving station (56) is in the scum channel (13). The floating ball output station (57) is above the scum channel (13). The floating ball removing mesh hook (40) is L-shaped, the lower surface of the horizontal plate of the floating ball removing mesh hook (40) is tangentially arranged on the outer side wall of the floating ball retrieving rotating roller, and below the inclined lower part of the output end of the floating ball removing mesh hook (40), there is a floating ball storage part (39), and the floating ball storage part (39) is separately arranged from the rotating floating ball removing mesh hook (40). At the floating ball retrieving station (56), the floating ball removing mesh hook (40) retrieves the floating ball components (41) with attached scum in the scum channel (13); at the floating ball output station (57), the floating ball components (41) roll from the floating ball removing mesh hook (40) onto the floating ball storage part (39). Floating ball components (41) are put into the flotation tank (4); the floating ball components (41) include a central sphere (42), on the central sphere (42), there are symmetrically or asymmetrically arranged distributed side arc pieces (43), and on the central sphere (42), there are distributed adsorption needle-like protrusions (44).

3. The seawater desalination impurity pretreatment assembly according to any one of claims 1 - 2, characterized in that: At the sedimentation part (6), there is a sludge discharge output system (20); the middle or bottom outlet of the flotation tank (4) is connected to the total effluent channel (16) through a baffle channel (15); the sludge discharge output system (20) includes a sludge output pipeline (46) laid at the bottom of the flotation tank (4) and / or the flocculation tank (3). Between several connected sludge output pipelines (46), there is an intermediate connection pipeline (49). At the end of the intermediate connection pipeline (49), there is a spherical cone head (51) that seals with the inner spherical end surface of the corresponding sludge output pipeline (46). In the inner cavity of the intermediate connection pipeline (49), there is a fan blade wheel (50). Connected to the intermediate connection pipeline (49) are an air supply pipeline (47) and / or a floating ball input pipeline (48); the floating ball input pipeline (48) is connected to a screw conveyor output part (45) for pushing floating balls into the floating ball input pipeline (48).

4. A seawater desalination pretreatment system, characterized in that: It includes the seawater desalination impurity pretreatment assembly according to any one of claims 1 - 3.

5. A seawater desalination pretreatment process, characterized in that: By means of the seawater desalination pretreatment system described in claim 4, the following steps are performed; Step 1, the seawater to be desalinated enters the pretreatment tank (1). Step 2, aeration is carried out in the flocculation tank (3) to flocculate the scum of the seawater and precipitate the sinking impurities to form sludge. Step 3: The flocculated seawater enters the air flotation tank (4), where the seawater is allowed to stand still to separate the floating scum from the sinking sludge. The scum scraper (14) scoops up the floating scum from the air flotation tank (4) and enters the scum channel (13) from the scum output end (37). In Step 3, a scum removal process is carried out. First, in the scum scraping section (35), the scum scraping gripper (53) enters the air flotation tank (4) and floats up against the spring force of the return spring (54) and its own gravity to scoop up the floating scum. Then, the scum scraping gripper (53) enters and moves along the process scraping groove (38) and goes up to the scum channel (13) along with the scum upward feeding section (36). Under the action of gravity and the spring force of the return spring (54), the scum scraping gripper (53) swings downward, causing the floating scum to fall into the scum channel (13) and oscillate under the action of the spring force.

6. The seawater desalination pretreatment process according to claim 5, characterized in that: After Step 3, Step 4 is carried out. The floating ball retrieving rotating roller rotates. First, at the floating ball retrieving station (56), the floating ball removing net-shaped hook (40) retrieves the floating ball component (41) with attached floating scum in the scum channel (13). Then, at the floating ball output station (57), the floating ball component (41) rolls off the floating ball removing net-shaped hook (40) and falls into the floating ball storage part (39). Among them, the floating ball component (41) is put into the air flotation tank (4) to adsorb the floating scum by using the adsorption needle-like protrusions (44). By asymmetrically arranging the distribution side arc pieces (43), the floating ball component (41) is prevented from spinning in place. Step 5: When it is necessary to clean the bottom sludge, the valve is opened, and the sinking sludge enters the sludge output pipeline (46). The air supply pipeline (47) and / or the floating ball input pipeline (48) are started, and the air flow and / or the floating ball component (41) delivered by the auger output part (45) are sent in. The sludge generates turbulence under the action of the fan blade wheel (50), the air flow and / or the floating ball component (41), and the sinking sludge is driven out.

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