An observation device and method for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap

Abstract

An observation device and method for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap. It relates to an observation device and method. The present invention aims to solve the problems existing in the observation method of the axis deviation of the closure gap of the existing steel-concrete composite girder cable-stayed bridge, such as the long adjustment construction period, the inconvenience of on-site total station measurement, resulting in low observation accuracy. In the present invention, four low-relaxation high-strength steel wires are respectively arranged at the upstream and downstream main longitudinal girders. The steel wires are welded on one side of the cantilever main girder and connected by a spring on the other side. The two steel wires on the upper side of the main longitudinal girder are arranged in a cross manner, and the steel wires on the lower side are arranged along the U-shaped closure gap. The steel wires are commutated through miniature bearings and finally aligned with the spring direction for convenient reading. The spring is placed inside the spring cylinder. The present invention adjusts and aligns the axis deviation of the closure gap through the cooperation of the steel wires and the spring, improving the efficiency and obtaining the 24-hour observation data of the closure gap. The present invention is used for observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an observation device and an observation method, and particularly to an observation device and an observation method for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap, belonging to the technical field of bridge construction methods. Background Art

[0002] After the construction of the standard sections of the main bridge is completed and before the construction of the closure section, it is necessary to measure and gradually adjust the axis deviation of the closure gap, and continuously observe the closure gap for 24 hours to obtain data for cutting the closure section.

[0003] Currently, the measurement is mainly carried out manually with the help of a total station. When observing the closure section of a steel-concrete composite girder cable-stayed bridge, since steel is easily affected by temperature and undergoes lengthwise deformation, in order to observe more accurately, it is usually necessary to detect at the lowest temperature in the late night (such as 1 am). Generally, cable-stayed bridges are built on open rivers, which brings inconvenience to the staff for night detection. They need to observe data continuously on the outside bridge for 24 hours. Especially at night in autumn and winter, it increases the hardship of the observers.

[0004] In addition, for manual measurement, total stations may be required on both banks. In the case of high-precision instruments with limited quantity, it may be necessary to run back and forth between the two banks. This not only takes a long time but also increases the labor intensity of the staff; or when the line of sight is blocked by stay cables, deck cranes, and other temporary devices, it is necessary to change the placement position of the total station, and multiple follow-up measurements are also required during the adjustment of the axis deviation, resulting in high costs, low efficiency, and a decline in accuracy;

[0005] For the 24-hour continuous observation, it is usually necessary to pull a tape measure back and forth at the observation points of the cutting length positions at the upper and lower ends of the closure gap. There are certain safety hazards. The tape measure is greatly affected by wind and has low accuracy. Moreover, during the process of pulling the tape measure, there are also safety hazard problems.

[0006] In summary, the existing observation methods for the axis deviation of the closure gap of a steel-concrete composite girder cable-stayed bridge have the problems of long adjustment construction period, inconvenient on-site total station measurement, and low observation accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of long adjustment construction period, inconvenient on-site total station measurement, and low observation accuracy existing in the existing observation methods for the axis deviation of the closure gap of a steel-concrete composite girder cable-stayed bridge. Furthermore, an observation device and an observation method for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap are provided.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is: An observation device for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap includes an upper detection unit and a lower detection unit. The upper detection unit and the lower detection unit are installed on the south bank cantilever end and the north bank cantilever end; the upper detection unit includes two upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires, an upper elastic component, an upper counting cover and a plurality of upper guiding members. One upper guiding member is installed on each of the left south bank main longitudinal beam and the right south bank main longitudinal beam on the south bank cantilever end, and four upper guiding members are installed on the upper end surface of the north bank cantilever end along its width direction. Among them, the four upper guiding members are symmetrically arranged in the left-right direction; among them, one end of an upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire is connected to the upper elastic component, and the other end of the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire sequentially bypasses the two upper guiding members on the left side of the north bank cantilever end and then winds around the upper guiding member of the right south bank main longitudinal beam and is fixed. The other upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire is fixed on the upper guiding member of the left south bank main longitudinal beam, then bypasses the two upper guiding members on the right side of the north bank cantilever end and is connected to the upper elastic component, forming a cross arrangement of the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires; the upper counting cover covers the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires, and the change amount generated by the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires due to the deformation of the south bank main longitudinal beam and the north bank main longitudinal beam is read in real time through the upper counting cover; the lower detection unit includes two lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wires, a lower elastic component, a lower counting cover and a plurality of lower guiding members. One lower guiding member is installed on the upper and lower parts of each of the left south bank main longitudinal beam and the right south bank main longitudinal beam on the south bank cantilever end in the vertical direction, and one lower guiding member is installed on the upper and lower parts of the vertical end surface of the north bank cantilever end respectively, and four lower guiding members are installed on the upper end surface of the north bank cantilever end along its width direction. One end of each of the two lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wires is fixedly installed on the lower guiding members at the upper ends of the left south bank main longitudinal beam and the right south bank main longitudinal beam and extends downward to be connected to the lower guiding members at the lower ends of the left south bank main longitudinal beam and the right south bank main longitudinal beam, bypasses the lower and upper lower guiding members on the vertical end surface of the north bank cantilever end, and then bypasses the two lower guiding members on the upper end surface of the north bank cantilever end and is connected to the lower elastic component. The lower counting cover covers the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire on the side close to the lower elastic component; the change amount generated by the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wires due to the deformation of the south bank main longitudinal beam and the north bank main longitudinal beam is read in real time through the lower counting cover.

[0009] Further, the upper guiding member of the upper detection unit is a pulley.

[0010] Further, the upper elastic component includes a spring, a spring cylinder and a fixing member. The fixing member is fixedly installed on the north bank cantilever end, one end of the spring is connected to the fixing member, and the other end of the spring passes through the spring cylinder.

[0011] Further, scale values are provided on the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires on the upper end surface of the north bank cantilever end.

[0012] Furthermore, the lower elastic component has the same structure as the upper elastic component.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire is provided with scale values at the lower guide member at the upper part of the vertical end surface of the cantilever end on the north bank, and the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire located inside the lower counting cover is provided with scale values.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper guide member on the south bank cantilever end of the upper detection unit and the upper and lower guide members of the left and right south bank main longitudinal beams on the south bank cantilever end of the lower detection unit are arranged staggeredly.

[0015] Furthermore, both the upper counting cover and the lower counting cover are transparent cover bodies.

[0016] The present invention also provides an observation method using an observation device for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap, which includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Pour and cure the wet joints of the standard segments on the north and south banks.

[0018] Step 2: Conduct a comprehensive measurement of the whole bridge and adjust the alignment.

[0019] Step 3: Measure the fixed positions of the low-relaxation high-strength steel wires at the upper ends of the main longitudinal beams and the position coordinates where the steel wires contact the bearings, and calculate the scale readings after the tensioning in place.

[0020] Step 4: Determine whether there is an axis deviation of the main longitudinal beam:

[0021] If there is no axis deviation of the main longitudinal beam, proceed to Step 5;

[0022] If there is an axis deviation of the main longitudinal beam, proceed to Step 4-1;

[0023] Step 4-1: Cross-tension the main longitudinal beams on the upstream and downstream sides of the closure segment.

[0024] Step 4-2: Calculate whether the scale readings after the tensioning in place are in place according to the original measurement coordinates. If they are in place, proceed to the next step; if not, execute Step 4-1 until the scale readings are in place. After the tensioning in place, measure once with a high-precision total station to obtain the original data for elevation leveling.

[0025] Step 5: Level the elevation of the cantilever end by counterweighting in the four counterweight areas and the end stay cables.

[0026] Step 6: Calculate whether the scale readings of the steel wires are in place after the elevation on both sides is consistent by using the data measured by the total station after the tensioning in place and the known beam height. If not, execute Step 5; if so, proceed to the next step;

[0027] Step 7: Conduct 24-hour observation and record the readings of the wire gauge. Summarize the data to obtain the optimal closure temperature, the cut length of the closure segment corresponding to this temperature, and the change in the length of the closure segment corresponding to a certain unit magnitude of temperature change, which is used to guide the closure construction.

[0028] Furthermore, the four counterweight areas in Step 5 are symmetrically arranged on the cantilever end 1 on the south bank and the cantilever end 3 on the north bank, and all four counterweight areas are located inside the main longitudinal beam.

[0029] The present invention has the following effects compared with the prior art:

[0030] 1. The observation device of the present invention is arranged on the cantilever ends on both sides of the closure gap. One side is welded and fixed, and the other side can be slightly telescoped through a spring. Its functions include not only measuring the relative deviation of the axis of the main longitudinal beam before the closure of the main span and assisting in the spatial alignment of the axis, but also conducting 24-hour continuous observation and measurement for determining the cut length of the closure gap and the closure timing. The change value of the closure length corresponding to a unit change in temperature can be calculated through 24-hour continuous observation of the data and the temperature measurement device, which can be used to find a suitable temperature to close the closure segment when the temperature fails to reach the original closure timing during closure. In particular, when the present invention conducts observation, there is no need for workers to run back and forth for adjustment. Observation is carried out at a fixed work station, and the measurement points during observation are fixed. There is also no need to measure with a tape measure, thereby improving the observation accuracy and avoiding the problem of potential personal safety hazards for workers during the process of pulling the tape measure.

[0031] 2. The structure of the present invention is reasonable, the measurement is convenient and accurate, the work efficiency is high, the construction cost is low, and it is easy to operate. Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the maximum cantilever and the closure segment.

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the upstream and downstream tensioning and the counterweight areas.

[0034] Figure 3 is an elevation view of the low-relaxation high-strength steel wire in the lower detection unit when it is in a U shape.

[0035] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the top view of

[0036] Figure 5 is an elevation view of the low-relaxation high-strength steel wire in the upper detection unit when it is crossed.

[0037] Figure 6 is Figure 5 the top view of

[0038] Figure 7It is an elevation view of the overall structure when the upper detection unit and the lower detection unit are combined together.

[0039] Figure 8 It is Figure 7 the top view of.

[0040] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram for calculating the cutting length of the closure segment.

[0041] Figure 10 It is a cross-sectional view of the cantilever end 1 on the south bank or the cantilever end 3 on the north bank of the present invention, wherein, F represents the observation point of the position of the cutting length of the closure segment.

[0042] Figure 11 It is a flowchart of the use of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0043] Specific embodiment 1: In combination with Figures 1 to 10 to illustrate this embodiment, an observation device for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap in this embodiment includes an upper detection unit and a lower detection unit, and the upper detection unit and the lower detection unit are installed on the cantilever end 1 on the south bank and the cantilever end 3 on the north bank;

[0044] The upper detection unit includes two upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires 4, an upper elastic component 5, an upper counting cover 6 and a plurality of upper guiding members 7. One upper guiding member 7 is respectively installed on the left south bank main longitudinal beam 2 and the right south bank main longitudinal beam 2 on the south bank cantilever end 1, and four upper guiding members 7 are installed along the width direction on the upper end surface of the end of the north bank cantilever end 3, wherein, the four upper guiding members 7 are symmetrically arranged in the left-right direction; wherein, one end of an upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 4 is connected to the upper elastic component 5, and the other end of the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 4 sequentially bypasses the two upper guiding members 7 on the left side of the north bank cantilever end 3, then winds around the upper guiding member 7 of the right south bank main longitudinal beam 2 and is fixed. The other end of the other upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 4 is fixed on the upper guiding member 7 of the left south bank main longitudinal beam 2, then bypasses the two upper guiding members 7 on the right side of the north bank cantilever end 3 and is connected to the upper elastic component 5, forming a cross arrangement of the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires 4; the upper counting cover 6 covers the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires 4, and the change amount generated by the deformation of the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires 4 due to the deformation of the south bank main longitudinal beam 2 and the north bank main longitudinal beam is read in real time through the upper counting cover 6;

[0045] The lower detection unit includes two lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wires 8, a lower elastic component 9, a lower counting cover 10 and a plurality of lower guide members 11. On the left and right south bank main longitudinal beams 2 at the south bank cantilever end 1, in the vertical direction, a lower guide member 11 is respectively installed at the upper and lower parts thereof. At the upper and lower parts of the vertical end face of the north bank cantilever end 3, a lower guide member 11 is respectively installed. At the upper end face of the end of the north bank cantilever end 3, four lower guide members 11 are installed along its width direction. One ends of the two lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wires 8 are fixedly installed on the lower guide members 11 at the upper ends of the left and right south bank main longitudinal beams 2 and extend downward to be connected with the lower guide members 11 at the lower ends of the left and right south bank main longitudinal beams 2, bypass the lower guide members 11 at the lower and upper parts of the vertical end face of the north bank cantilever end 3, and after bypassing the two lower guide members 11 at the upper end face of the end of the north bank cantilever end 3, are connected with the lower elastic component 9. The lower counting cover 10 covers the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 8 on the side close to the lower elastic component 9; the change amount generated by the deformation of the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 8 due to the south bank main longitudinal beam 2 and the north bank main longitudinal beam is read in real time through the lower counting cover 10.

[0046] During leveling, the distance between the observation points of the cutting length position of the closure section measured by the total station can be obtained. The value after the axis deviation adjustment and reset can be obtained according to mathematical calculations and geometric relationships. For subsequent adjustments, as long as this value is reached, it can be considered that the adjustment is in place. For the subsequent 24-hour continuous observation, the cutting length value on the upper side of the closure section can be calculated by the Pythagorean theorem according to the reading of the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 4 after leveling and the distance between the two observation points of the cutting length position of the closure section on the same side. For the reading of the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 8, subtracting 2(π - 2)R and the heights of the main longitudinal beams on both sides is the cutting length value on the lower side of the closure section of the lower side main longitudinal beam.

[0047] The low-relaxation high-strength steel wire is connected to one side of the spring. The elastic modulus of the spring is smaller than the stiffness of the low-relaxation high-strength steel wire, and the state after the spring is connected to the low-relaxation high-strength steel wire is preferably such that the low-relaxation high-strength steel wire can be straightened.

[0048] A total of four low-relaxation high-strength steel wires are provided at the upstream and downstream main longitudinal beams. The wires are welded on one side of the cantilever main beam and connected to the other side through a spring; the two wires on the upper side of the main longitudinal beam are arranged in a cross manner, and the wires on the lower side are arranged in a U shape along the closure opening; the wires are commutated through a micro bearing and finally are in the same direction as the spring for convenient reading; the spring is placed in a cylinder coated with lubricating oil to reduce friction. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: reasonable structure, the axis deviation of the closure opening can be adjusted and reset through the cooperation of the steel wire and the spring with a very small number of measurements using a total station, improving the efficiency; furthermore, the 24-hour observation data of the closure opening can be conveniently obtained, without the need to measure the tape in a cycle on the upper and lower sides of the main beam of the closure opening, increasing the accuracy and safety.

[0049] Embodiment 2: Specifically Figures 3 - 9 Describing this embodiment, the upper guide member 7 of the upper detection unit in this embodiment is a pulley. With such a setting, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and it is convenient for connection and installation. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0050] In this embodiment, steering is carried out through pulleys. Each of the two lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wires 8 has 5 pulleys, and each of the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires 4 has 3 pulleys. Finally, the low-relaxation high-strength steel wires and the springs are at the same height and in the same direction.

[0051] The pulleys in this embodiment are quite smooth, and the friction between them and the low-relaxation high-strength steel wires is extremely small. The pulleys are connected to the main longitudinal beam through a connecting device or are directly welded to the main longitudinal beam itself.

[0052] Embodiment 3: Specifically Figures 3 - 9 Describing this embodiment, the upper elastic component 5 in this embodiment includes a spring 5-1, a spring cylinder 5-2, and a fixing member 5-3. The fixing member 5-3 is fixedly installed on the north bank cantilever end 3. One end of the spring 5-1 is connected to the fixing member 5-3, and the other end of the spring 5-1 passes through the spring cylinder 5-2. With such a setting, the spring is placed inside the spring cylinder, the other side of the spring is fixed on the box girder, the spring cylinder provides vertical support for the spring, and lubricating oil is applied inside the cylinder to reduce friction. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in Embodiment 1 or 2.

[0053] In one of the present inventions, for the device for observing the relative deviation of the closure gap axis and the 24-hour observation device, there are components with scales on the local low-relaxation high-strength steel wires (referring to the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires 4 and the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wires 8); the low-relaxation high-strength steel wires are connected to one side of the spring; the spring is placed inside the spring cylinder, and the other side of the spring is fixed on the box girder (referring to the north bank cantilever end 3); the low-relaxation high-strength steel wires are steered through pulleys.

[0054] Embodiment 4: Specifically Figures 3 - 9 Describing this embodiment, scale values are provided on the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 4 on the upper end surface of the end of the north bank cantilever end 3. With such a setting, the first internal thread section 2-1 can facilitate the threaded connection with the first external thread connection section 1-3. It can not only ensure that the two do not fall off under high pressure, but also play a sealing role to prevent gas from overflowing. The light hole section 2-2 is a cavity, which is convenient for placing the piston 3. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in Embodiment 1, 2, or 3.

[0055] A device for observing the relative deviation of the closure gap axis within 24 hours according to this embodiment, wherein: The low-relaxation high-strength steel wire is divided into five sections. For the lower detection unit: The first, third, and fifth sections are scale-free areas, and the data areas are the second and fourth sections. For the sake of clear description, these five sections are respectively defined as A, B, C, D, and E. The first section A starts from the welding position or the welding with the connecting device. The second section B is the contact section between the pulley on the upper part of the vertical end face of the north bank cantilever end 3 and the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 8, that is, at the quarter section of the pulley. The third section C is the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 8 between the lower counting cover 10 and the second section B. The fourth section D is the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 8 located inside the lower counting cover 10. The fifth section E is the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 8 between the lower elastic component 9 and the outer wall of the lower counting cover 10.

[0056] Among them: The scale area of the second section may not be provided, but the length value of the contact position needs to be known. The middle scale value of the fourth section is based on this. For the convenience of reading, the scale area of the fourth section can be made flat and scales are made on the steel wire.

[0057] Specific implementation method five: Combining Figures 3 - 9 To illustrate this embodiment, the lower elastic component 9 of this embodiment has the same structure as the upper elastic component 5. With this setting, there is no need for separate manufacturing. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as any one of the specific implementation methods one to four.

[0058] Specific implementation method six, combining Figures 3 - 9 To illustrate this embodiment, the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 8 of this embodiment is provided with scale values at the lower guide member 11 on the upper part of the vertical end face of the south bank cantilever end 1 of the upper detection unit, and the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire 8 located inside the lower counting cover 10 is provided with scale values. With this setting, it is convenient to record the observed values. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as any one of the specific implementation methods one to five.

[0059] Specific implementation method seven: Combining Figures 3 - 9 To illustrate this embodiment, the upper guide member 7 on the south bank cantilever end 1 of the upper detection unit of this embodiment and the upper and lower guide members 11 of the left and right south bank main longitudinal beams 2 on the south bank cantilever end 1 of the lower detection unit are arranged staggeredly. With this setting, while ensuring the accuracy of the detection points, the installation of the structure does not interfere, and the accuracy of the observation is also ensured. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as any one of the specific implementation methods one to six.

[0060] Specific implementation method eight: Combining Figures 3 - 9Regarding this embodiment, the upper counting cover 6 and the lower counting cover 10 of this embodiment are both transparent cover bodies. With such a setting, it is convenient to observe the numerical values. The other components and connection relationships are the same as any one of the first to seventh specific embodiments.

[0061] Specific Embodiment Nine: Combining Figures 1 - 11 Regarding this embodiment, the observation method of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Pour and wait for the strength equalization of the wet joints of the standard segments on the north and south banks;

[0063] Step 2: Conduct a comprehensive measurement of the entire bridge and adjust the alignment. In order to prevent the situation where the alignment is not coordinated and then adjust the alignment after closure. If this is done after the bridge is completed, the adjustment difficulty will increase significantly. Therefore, at this time, a comprehensive measurement of the entire bridge and the alignment adjustment should be carried out; at this time, on the basis of adjusting the alignment at the end of the construction stage, the deviation of the axis of the closure joint is also deliberately corrected and adjusted;

[0064] Step 3: Measure the fixed positions of the low-relaxation high-strength steel wires at the upper ends of the main longitudinal beams and the position coordinates where the steel wires contact the bearings, and calculate the scale readings after the tensioning in place through corresponding calculations;

[0065] Step 4: Check whether there is a deviation in the axis of the main longitudinal beam (that is, whether the scale readings at this time are consistent with the calculated scale readings after the tensioning in place):

[0066] If there is no deviation in the axis of the main longitudinal beam (that is, the two readings are consistent), then execute Step 5;

[0067] If there is a deviation in the axis of the main longitudinal beam (that is, the two readings are inconsistent), then execute Step 4-1:

[0068] Step 4-1: Conduct cross-tensioning of the main longitudinal beams on the upstream and downstream sides of the closure segment;

[0069] Step 4-2: Calculate whether the scale readings after the tensioning in place are in place according to the original measurement coordinates. If it is in place, proceed to the next step; if not, then execute Step 4-1 until the scale readings are in place. After the tensioning in place, measure once with a high-precision total station to obtain the original data for elevation leveling;

[0070] Step 5: Level the elevation of the cantilever end through counterweight in four counterweight areas and the end stay cables. The load added in the counterweight area is mainly to press down the cantilever end with a higher elevation than the design elevation, and the stay cable tensioning is mainly to lift the cantilever end with a lower elevation than the design elevation. The general principle is that the elevations on both sides are preferably the same, and there may be a slight difference from the design elevation. However, if a state with a difference from the original design elevation is to be achieved, at this time, the scale readings to reach this state need to be recalculated; at this time, a parabolic alignment is formed, but the difference from the original design alignment is extremely small.

[0071] Step Six: After the total station is pulled in place, calculate whether the readings of the wire scales are in place after the elevation on both sides is the same based on the measured data and the known beam height. If not, execute Step Five; if in place, proceed to the next step.

[0072] Step Seven: Conduct 24-hour observation and record the readings of the wire scales. Summarize the data to obtain the best closure temperature, the cut length of the closure section corresponding to this temperature, and the change in the length of the closure section corresponding to a certain unit magnitude of temperature change, which is used to guide the closure construction.

[0073] Specific Embodiment Ten: In combination with Figure 1 and Figure 2 describe this embodiment. In Step Five of this embodiment, the four counterweight areas are symmetrically arranged on the south bank cantilever end 1 and the north bank cantilever end 3, and all four counterweight areas are located inside the main longitudinal beam. With such an arrangement, the counterweight functions as follows: In the case where the closure openings on both the south and north banks are lower than the design elevation on both sides, no counterweight load needs to be set. Only the stay cables on both banks need to be tensioned to the corresponding cable forces, and the elevation can be lifted up; if the elevations on both sides of the closure openings on both banks are higher than the design elevation, but during the construction process, the difference between the two banks and the design elevation will be controlled. Even if it is slightly higher than the design elevation, it will not be much higher. In this case, counterweights need to be set to press down the part that is higher than the design elevation. Generally, stay cables will not be released because indentations will be formed at the original anchoring positions, which are weak positions; if one side is higher and the other side is lower compared to the design elevation, then the elevation value is increased by tensioning the stay cable on one side, and the other side is pressed down by the counterweight. However, in actual construction, after the stay cables are tensioned, in fact, the difference between the two of them and the design elevation is not large. Generally, no counterweight area needs to be set. Only the two ends with lower elevations need to be tensioned and lifted up so that the elevations on both sides are the same. After the elevations on both sides are the same, the design elevation can be ignored, but it should not be much different from the design elevation. Finally, a new parabolic shape is formed. The main purpose here is to level both sides for closure. The other components and connection relationships are the same as any one of Specific Embodiments One to Nine.

[0074] In combination with Figures 1 to 11 describe the working principle of the present invention:

[0075] In the observation device of the present invention, the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire is divided into 5 sections. The first, third, and fifth sections are scale-free areas. The starting point of the first section is the welding position or the welding with the connecting device. The third section is the connecting section between two scaled sections, which is turned by a pulley. The fifth section is the section connected to the spring; the data areas are the second and fourth sections. The scale value of the second section area starts from the length of the first section, which is the position where the two lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wires 9 contact after contacting a quarter circle of the pulley 4. The tangent position of the two upper low-relaxation high-strength crossed steel wires 9, and the scale read at this time is used as the original length. The middle position of the fourth section is marked with the original length read from the second section and extends on both sides of the reading area. The scale value decreases towards the third section and increases towards the fifth section.

[0076] The scaled area of the second section may not be provided, but the length value of the contact position needs to be known. For the convenience of reading, the scaled area of the fourth section can be made into a flat shape with scales on the steel wire. The original pointer position in the reading area points to the position where the value of the fourth section is the same as the length value of the contact position of the second section. For the pull adjustment when the axis is offset, calculate the length between the crossed steel wires according to the data measured by the total station for the first time, and calculate the value of the subsequent lateral deviation of the adjusted axis by the geometric method. When the pulling is carried out and the predetermined value is reached and the two upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires 9 on the upper side are close to being consistent, it can be considered that the transverse deviation adjustment of the main girder is in place; after the transverse adjustment is in place, adjust the extraction amount of the cable anchor head and the auxiliary loading in the counterweight area to adjust the elevation of the main girders on both sides of the closure segment to be in place. At this time, the coordinates of the corresponding points after the beam adjustment can be obtained according to the total station measurement again, and then the values after the elevation leveling of the cantilevers on both sides of the closure segment can be obtained through corresponding calculations, that is, the minimum length. When the value in the reading area reaches this value, it is considered that the elevation adjustment of the closure segment on both sides is in place.

[0077] According to the readings of the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires for leveling by pulling and the distance between the observation points at the cut length positions of the two closure segments on the same side, the value of the cut length on the upper side of the closure segment at a certain moment can be calculated by the Pythagorean theorem. According to 24-hour continuous observation, the cut length values at the corresponding moments within a day on the upper side of the closure segment can be obtained. Similarly, for the readings of the two lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wires below, subtract 2(π - 2)R and the height of the main girders on both sides, where R is the radius of the pulley 4, and the final value is the cut length value on the lower side of the closure segment of the lower main girder at the corresponding moments within a day, as Figure 9 shown.

[0078] The low-relaxation high-strength steel wire is connected to one side of the spring. The elastic modulus of the spring is smaller than the stiffness of the low-relaxation high-strength steel wire, and the state after the spring is connected to the low-relaxation high-strength steel wire is preferably such that the low-relaxation high-strength steel wire can be straightened to increase accuracy.

[0079] The spring is placed inside the spring cylinder. The other side of the spring is fixed on the box girder. The spring cylinder provides vertical support for the spring, and the inside of the cylinder is coated with lubricating oil to reduce friction, and to reduce the influence on the reading caused by the sag of the spring itself due to its own weight and the friction during elastic change.

[0080] Steering is carried out through pulleys. Each of the two lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wires has 5 pulleys, and each of the two upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires has 3 pulleys. Finally, the low-relaxation high-strength steel wires are at the same height and in the same direction as the spring, in order to facilitate directly reading out each length value in the reading area.

[0081] The upper and lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wires are staggered at the height of the upper side of the main longitudinal beam to prevent the low-relaxation high-strength steel wires from crossing each other.

[0082] The friction between the pulley and the low-relaxation high-strength steel wire is extremely small. The pulley is connected to the main longitudinal beam through a connecting device or is directly welded to the main longitudinal beam itself.

[0083] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the premise of the present invention, several improvements and supplements can still be made, and these improvements and supplements should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An observation device for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap, characterized in that: It includes an upper detection unit and a lower detection unit, and the upper detection unit and the lower detection unit are installed on the south bank cantilever end (1) and the north bank cantilever end (3); The upper detection unit includes two upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wires (4), an upper elastic component (5), an upper counting cover (6) and a plurality of upper guide members (7). One upper guide member (7) is installed on each of the left south bank main longitudinal beam (2) and the right south bank main longitudinal beam (2) on the south bank cantilever end (1), and four upper guide members (7) are installed along the width direction on the upper end surface of the end of the north bank cantilever end (3). Among them, the four upper guide members (7) are symmetrically arranged in the left-right direction; among them, one end of an upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire (4) is connected to the upper elastic component (5), and the other end of the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire (4) sequentially bypasses the two upper guide members (7) on the left side of the north bank cantilever end (3), and then winds around the upper guide member (7) of the right south bank main longitudinal beam (2) and is fixed. The other end of the other upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire (4) is fixed on the upper guide member (7) of the left south bank main longitudinal beam (2), and then bypasses the two upper guide members (7) on the right side of the north bank cantilever end (3) and is connected to the upper elastic component (5), forming a cross arrangement of the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire (4); the upper counting cover (6) covers the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire (4), and the change amount generated by the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire (4) due to the deformation of the south bank main longitudinal beam (2) and the north bank main longitudinal beam is read in real time through the upper counting cover (6); The lower detection unit includes two lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wires (8), a lower elastic component (9), a lower counting cover (10) and a plurality of lower guide members (11). One lower guide member (11) is installed on the upper and lower parts of each of the left south bank main longitudinal beam (2) and the right south bank main longitudinal beam (2) on the south bank cantilever end (1) in the vertical direction, and one lower guide member (11) is installed on the upper and lower parts of the vertical end surface of the north bank cantilever end (3), and four lower guide members (11) are installed along the width direction on the upper end surface of the end of the north bank cantilever end (3). One end of each of the two lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wires (8) is fixedly installed on the lower guide members (11) at the upper ends of the left south bank main longitudinal beam (2) and the right south bank main longitudinal beam (2), and extends downward to be connected to the lower guide members (11) at the lower ends of the left south bank main longitudinal beam (2) and the right south bank main longitudinal beam (2), bypasses the lower and upper lower guide members (11) on the vertical end surface of the north bank cantilever end (3), and then bypasses the two lower guide members (11) on the upper end surface of the end of the north bank cantilever end (3) and is connected to the lower elastic component (9). The lower counting cover (10) covers the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire (8) on the side close to the lower elastic component (9); the change amount generated by the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire (8) due to the deformation of the south bank main longitudinal beam (2) and the north bank main longitudinal beam is read in real time through the lower counting cover (10).

2. The observation device for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap according to claim 1, wherein: The upper guide member (7) of the upper detection unit is a pulley.

3. An observation device for real-time observation of the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper elastic component (5) includes a spring (5-1), a spring cylinder (5-2) and a fixing member (5-3). The fixing member (5-3) is fixedly installed on the cantilever end (3) of the north bank. One end of the spring (5-1) is connected to the fixing member (5-3), and the other end of the spring (5-1) passes through the spring cylinder (5-2).

4. The observation device for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap according to claim 3, characterized in that: Scale values are provided on the upper low-relaxation high-strength steel wire (4) on the upper end face of the end of the cantilever end (3) of the north bank.

5. The observation device for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap according to claim 4, wherein: The lower elastic component (9) has the same structure as the upper elastic component (5).

6. The observation device for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that: Scale values are provided at the lower guide member (11) on the upper part of the vertical end face of the cantilever end (3) of the north bank for the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire (8), and scale values are also provided for the lower low-relaxation high-strength steel wire (8) located inside the lower counting cover (10).

7. The observation device for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper guide member (7) on the cantilever end (1) of the south bank of the upper detection unit is arranged staggeredly from the upper and lower guide members (11) of the left and right south bank main longitudinal beams (2) on the cantilever end (1) of the south bank of the lower detection unit.

8. An observation device for real-time observation of the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: Both the upper counting cover (6) and the lower counting cover (10) are transparent cover bodies.

9. An observation method using the observation device for real-time observing the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1: Pour and cure the wet joints of the standard segments on the north and south banks equally. Step 2: Conduct a comprehensive measurement of the whole bridge and adjust the alignment. Step 3: Measure the fixed positions of the low-relaxation high-strength steel wires at the upper ends of each main longitudinal beam and the position coordinates where the steel wires contact the bearings, and calculate the scale readings after the tensioning in place. Step 4: Check whether there is any deviation in the axis of the main longitudinal beam: If there is no deviation in the axis of the main longitudinal beam, then execute Step 5; If there is a deviation in the axis of the main longitudinal beam, then execute Step 4-1; Step 4-1: Cross-tension the main longitudinal beams on the upstream and downstream sides of the closure segment. Step 4-2: Calculate whether the scale readings after the tensioning in place are in place according to the original measurement coordinates. If they are in place, proceed to the next step; if not, then execute Step 4-1 until the scale readings are in place. After the tensioning in place, measure once with a high-precision total station to obtain the original data for elevation leveling. Step 5: Level the elevation of the cantilever end by counterweighting in four counterweight areas and the end stay cables. Step 6: Calculate whether the scale readings of the steel wires are in place after the two sides have the same elevation based on the data measured by the total station after the tensioning in place and the known beam height. If not, then execute Step 5; if so, then proceed to the next step; Step 7: Conduct 24-hour observation and record the scale readings of the steel wire rulers. Summarize the data to obtain the best closure temperature and the corresponding cut length of the closure segment at this temperature, as well as the change amount of the closure segment beam length corresponding to a certain unit magnitude change in temperature, which is used to guide the closure construction.

10. The observation device and method for real-time observation of the relative deviation of the axis of the closure gap according to claim 9, characterized in that: The four counterweight areas in Step 5 are symmetrically arranged on the cantilever end (1) of the south bank and the cantilever end (3) of the north bank respectively, and all four counterweight areas are located inside the main longitudinal beams.

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