Drilling, slitting and in-situ sealing and fracturing to weaken hard rock mass equipment and operation methods

Abstract

This invention discloses an equipment and method for drilling, slotting, and in-situ sealing fracturing to weaken hard rock masses. A high-pressure water system and guide rails are mounted on a traveling mechanism. The drilling angle adjustment mechanism is hinged at both ends to the traveling mechanism and the guide rails, respectively. The propulsion mechanism is connected at both ends to a rotary drive mechanism and the guide rails, respectively. As the water jet pressure increases, the slide bar moves to the left and contacts the conical hole inside the drill bit, disabling the low-pressure auxiliary drilling function. The working pressure of the water system continues to increase, achieving sealing of the boreholes on both sides of the slot and in-situ fracturing of the rock mass in the middle of the sealed boreholes. In-situ sealing fracturing with multiple slots within the rock mass can be performed at different drilling depths, fracturing and segmenting the intact rock mass into thin plates to weaken its strength. This invention integrates the drilling, slotting, and fracturing processes that traditionally require frequent advance and retreat of drilling tools, greatly improving the efficiency of rock mass fracturing and weakening. It has a simple structure, is easy to use, and provides a foundation for mechanized fracturing of hard rock masses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock mass modification application technology, specifically to a drilling and fracturing equipment and operation method for weakening hard rock masses through drilling, cutting, and in-situ sealing. Background Technology

[0002] In hard rock tunnel excavation and fault crossing in coal mining faces, due to limitations such as hard rock cutting technology, the drill-and-blast method is still used for ultra-hard rock tunnel excavation and fault crossing, which easily leads to coal mine safety accidents such as gas explosions, dust explosions, and rock bursts. Furthermore, it suffers from low rock breaking efficiency and poor safety. Cutting and breaking hard rock with toothed tunneling machines and coal mining machines is extremely difficult; a 300kW tunneling machine can only cut less than 10m of abrasive hard rock with a cutting strength of 150MPa. 3 / h, extremely low energy consumption for crushing ultra-hard rock, high dust production, and a cutting tooth consumption of up to 10 pieces / m 3 Cutting-tooth tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are unsuitable for tunneling in ultra-hard rock, and cutting-tooth coal mining machines are unsuitable for mechanized cutting of fault rock masses. While TBMs provide immense propulsive force capable of crushing hard rock, their large size, complex structure, and poor mobility make them unsuitable for underground coal mine tunneling. In hard rock tunneling, they also suffer from rapid cutter wear and high costs. Therefore, achieving efficient mechanized crushing of ultra-hard rock has become a key issue and challenge for rock tunneling or mining equipment.

[0003] Water jet-assisted mechanical drilling not only reduces the structural strength of rock, facilitating rapid drilling into hard rock masses, but also reduces the high temperatures generated by friction during mechanical cutting, extending drill bit lifespan and minimizing dust hazards. Water jet in-situ fracturing technology injects high-pressure water into the cuts within the rock borehole, utilizing the rock's compressive but not tensile strength to achieve fracturing of ultra-hard rock masses. Currently, this technology is widely used in oil and gas extraction, and hydraulic fracturing control of hard roofs in coal mines. Water jet rotating cutting and sealing fracturing results in a plate-like distribution of hard rock masses, significantly weakening their structural strength and making them easier for subsequent mechanical fracturing. In-situ sealing fracturing technology allows for ultra-long-distance drilling and sealing fracturing at varying intervals in a single operation during drilling into hard rock masses, greatly improving the efficiency and effectiveness of fracturing and weakening hard rock, thus providing conditions for rapid tunneling and mining of hard rock masses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a drilling and fracturing equipment and operation method for weakening hard rock masses through drilling, slotting, and in-situ sealing. The equipment is simple in structure and easy to operate. It can reduce the structural strength of hard rock masses and efficiently achieve the breaking of ultra-hard rocks with extremely high uniaxial compressive strength. With the addition of a drill rod, long-distance drilling can be achieved. Changing the working pressure of the water jet can not only perform high-pressure slotting and rock fracturing, but also assist mechanical drilling to improve rock drilling efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a drilling and fracturing equipment for weakening hard rock masses, comprising a traveling mechanism, a high-pressure water system, a rotary drive mechanism, a propulsion mechanism, a drilling angle adjustment mechanism, a drilling and fracturing device, a primary connecting drill rod, and a guide rail. The high-pressure water system is installed on the traveling mechanism, the guide rail is hinged to the traveling mechanism, the two ends of the drilling angle adjustment mechanism are respectively hinged to the traveling mechanism and the guide rail, the rotary drive mechanism is slidably installed on the guide rail, the two ends of the drill rod are respectively connected to the rotary drive mechanism and the drilling and fracturing device, and the two ends of the propulsion mechanism are respectively connected to the rotary drive mechanism and the guide rail.

[0006] Preferably, the drilling and fracturing device includes a drill bit, a secondary connecting drill rod, a left sealing drill rod, a tertiary connecting drill rod, and a right sealing drill rod connected sequentially by tapered threads. A rotary fracturing device is annularly sleeved on the outer surface of the tertiary connecting drill rod. Grooves are machined on both the annular outer surface of the tertiary connecting drill rod and the inner surface of the rotary fracturing device. The tertiary connecting drill rod is rolledly connected to the rotary fracturing device via a ball bearing. The fracturing flow channel machined inside the tertiary connecting drill rod is aligned with the inclined flow channel inside the rotary fracturing device.

[0007] In a further preferred embodiment, the drill bit has a tapered hole machined inside, and the end of the slide rod facing the drill bit is machined into a hemispherical shape to form a movable seal with the tapered hole. A low-pressure, long-stroke spring is installed between the hemispherical end of the slide rod and the tapered hole.

[0008] More preferably, the drill bit includes solid cutting teeth and hollow cutting teeth, which are alternately welded to the front end face of the drill bit in a 2:1 ratio. The hollow cutting teeth have a lower height and the internal flow channel is conical and conical. They are fixedly welded to the drilling flow channel outlet position on the end face of the drill bit at 30°-90°. The water jet sprayed from the hollow cutting teeth rotates and impacts the rock to form an annular slit, while the solid cutting teeth squeeze and break the rock ridge in the middle of the annular slit.

[0009] More preferably, the left and right sealing drill rods have threaded holes machined at their center positions. Three relief grooves are machined on the left side of the threaded holes, and an axial stepped hole is machined on the right side. The end face of the valve sleeve has an internal hexagonal groove and a threaded hole for installing the valve sleeve and pipe threads. The bottom of the sealing rubber connects to the pipe thread. The annular relief groove cooperates with the left-side fastener of the sealing rubber. A sealing rubber return spring and a sealing rubber return slider are installed inside the axial stepped hole. The sealing rubber return slider has a U-shaped structure and is pressed against the end of the sealing rubber return spring's stroke. A square groove is machined on the sealing drill rod at the top of the sealing rubber return slider, housing a brass sealing rubber stop plate. Its end is pressed against the right-side fastener of the sealing rubber, which is embedded five centimeters into the sealing rubber. The bottom opening size of the stepped hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the valve sleeve, and the outer diameter of the spring is close to the inner diameter of the valve sleeve. A T-shaped flow channel is machined inside the valve core.

[0010] More preferably, the inner surface and end face of the rotary slitting device are coated with a wear-resistant coating, and the inclined flow channel and high-pressure nozzle are welded to the surface of the rotary slitting device.

[0011] In a further preferred embodiment, the slide bar has the same internally machined T-shaped flow channel as the valve core, and is installed inside the secondary connecting drill rod in conjunction with a low-pressure, large-stroke spring. A limit valve block is installed at the end of the secondary connecting drill rod.

[0012] This invention also provides a method for operating equipment for drilling, slotting, and in-situ sealing fracturing to weaken hard rock masses, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1: Drilling position adjustment: The traveling mechanism works to bring the equipment to the drilling working face, and the drilling angle adjustment mechanism controls the drill bit of the drilling and fracturing device to be in the predetermined drilling position and angle.

[0014] S2: Drilling: The high-pressure water system, rotary drive mechanism and propulsion mechanism are started in sequence. The high-pressure water system outputs low-pressure water. The low-pressure water passes through the T-shaped flow channel, conical hole, drilling flow channel and hollow cutting teeth inside the slide bar to impact the rock. With the assistance of the high-pressure water system, the rotary drive mechanism drives the drill bit to rotate and break the rock. The propulsion mechanism gradually advances along the axis of the first-level connecting drill rod to complete drilling to a certain depth.

[0015] S3: Cutting: After the drill bit reaches the predetermined position, the propulsion mechanism and the rotary drive mechanism are closed in sequence. Then, the output working pressure of the high-pressure water system is increased. The slide bar moves to the left under the push of the high-pressure water to further compress the low-pressure large-stroke spring. The slide bar contacts the tapered hole inside the drill bit to form a seal, preventing the high-pressure water from entering the drill bit to assist drilling. During the pressurization process of the high-pressure water system, the high-pressure water enters the cutting channel, the inclined channel, and the high-pressure nozzle to cut the rock in sequence, and pushes the rotary cutting device to rotate rapidly. At the same time, the high-pressure water is continuously injected into the sealing rubber through the valve core, valve sleeve, and pipe thread.

[0016] S4: Sealing: As the pressure continues to rise, the sealing rubber expands, the right sealing rubber fastener drives the sealing rubber stop plate to move to the left, and compresses the sealing rubber return spring, until the sealing rubber on both sides of the rotating slit device expands and contacts the hole wall to form a sealing space. The high-pressure water pushes the valve core to move upward and compresses the high-pressure small stroke spring. The valve core contacts the valve sleeve and closes the water injection channel of the sealing rubber. The right sealing device works on the same principle as the left sealing device.

[0017] S5: Fracturing and Reset: After the sealing rubber expands and seals the fracturing area, the valve core contacts the valve sleeve, cutting off the water injection channel of the sealing rubber, increasing the working pressure of the high-pressure water system, and realizing in-situ fracturing of the rock in the sealing area after cutting. When a sharp increase in the working pressure of the water jet is detected, the high-pressure water system is shut off. The low-pressure large-stroke spring pushes the slide bar to move to the right and resets to the limit valve block. The high-pressure small-stroke spring pushes the valve core to move downward and resets to the contact between the valve core and the stepped hole, opening the water injection channel at the top of the valve sleeve. Under its own elastic contraction force and the reasonable action of the sealing rubber reset spring, the sealing rubber returns to its original state.

[0018] S6: Repeat steps S2, S3, S4, and S5 to complete drilling, cutting, sealing, and fracturing at different depths, so that the intact rock mass is fractured and divided into thin plates to weaken the rock mass strength. After completing drilling, cutting, sealing, and fracturing of the rock mass at a specific location, proceed to step S1 to change the drilling position or angle and continue the rock mass weakening construction.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention fully utilizes the compressive but not tensile properties of hard rock masses, combining water jet-assisted mechanical cutting tool technology for breaking hard rock with hydraulic fracturing technology. By controlling the working pressure of the water jet, switching between water jet-assisted drilling and rotary slotting fracturing of hard rock masses, and extending the internal slots of the rock mass through hydraulic fracturing technology, the hard rock mass is fractured into plate-shaped rocks, thereby weakening the rock mass strength and impact resistance, greatly reducing the difficulty of rock breaking, improving the working conditions for tunneling in hard rock masses, realizing mechanized and efficient tunneling of hard rock masses in roadways or tunnels, while reducing production costs, increasing drill bit service life, and achieving safe production. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a drilling and fracturing equipment for weakening hard rock masses, provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a borehole fracturing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 A three-dimensional sectional view of a drill bit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 A three-dimensional sectional view of the sealing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a rotary slit cutting device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Walking mechanism; 2. High-pressure water system; 3. Rotary drive mechanism; 4. Propulsion mechanism; 5. Drilling angle adjustment mechanism; 6. Drilling slot fracturing device; 7. Primary connecting drill rod; 8. Guide rail; 9. Thin plate-shaped rock; 6-1. Drill bit; 6-1-1. Drilling flow channel; 6-1-2. Solid cutting tooth; 6-1-3. Hollow cutting tooth; 6-1-4. Tapered hole; 6-2. Secondary connecting drill rod; 6-3. Left side sealing drill rod; 6-3-1. Hexagonal groove; 6-3-2. Valve core; 6-3-3. Valve sleeve; 6-3-4. High-pressure short-stroke spring; 6-3-5. Stepped through hole; 6-3-6. T-shaped flow channel; 6-3-7. Pipe thread; 6-3 -8. Sealing rubber; 6-3-9. Left fastener of sealing rubber; 6-3-10. Annular relief groove; 6-3-11. Right fastener of sealing rubber; 6-3-12. Axial stepped hole of sealing drill rod; 6-3-13. Sealing rubber return slider; 6-3-14. Sealing rubber return spring; 6-3-15. Sealing rubber stop plate; 6-4. Three-stage connecting drill rod; 6-4-1. Drilling flow channel; 6-5. Rotary slit cutting device; 6-5-1. Groove; 6-5-2. Inclined flow channel; 6-5-3. High-pressure nozzle; 6-6. Right sealing drill rod; 6-7. Low-pressure large stroke spring; 6-8. Limit valve block; 6-9. Rolling bearing; 6-10. Slide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Please see Figure 1-5 This invention provides a technical solution: a drilling and fracturing equipment for weakening hard rock masses, comprising a traveling mechanism 1, a high-pressure water system 2, a rotary drive mechanism 3, a propulsion mechanism 4, a drilling angle adjustment mechanism 5, a drilling and fracturing device 6, a primary connecting drill rod 7, and a guide rail 8. The high-pressure water system 2 is installed on the traveling mechanism 1, the guide rail 8 is hinged to the traveling mechanism 1, the two ends of the drilling angle adjustment mechanism 5 are respectively hinged to the traveling mechanism 1 and the guide rail 8, the rotary drive mechanism 3 is slidably installed on the guide rail 8, the two ends of the drill rod 7 are respectively connected to the rotary drive mechanism 3 and the drilling and fracturing device 6, and the two ends of the propulsion mechanism 4 are respectively connected to the rotary drive mechanism 3 and the guide rail 8.

[0028] The high-pressure water system 2 is responsible for the water jet output of the device. After the walking mechanism 1 drives the device to the predetermined position, the drilling angle is adjusted by the drilling angle adjustment mechanism 5. The high-pressure water system 2 and the rotary drive mechanism 3 are turned on. The drill bit 6-1 at the front of the primary connecting drill rod 7 is pre-operated and is pushed by the propulsion mechanism 4 to carry out drilling work. When the water pressure is further increased, the slide rod 6-10 on the left side inside the primary connecting drill rod 7 seals the water flow at the position of the drill bit 6-1 under the action of high-pressure water. Under the action of water pressure, the high-pressure water of the drilling and fracturing device 6 sequentially enters the cutting channel 6-4-1, the inclined channel 6-5-2, and the high-pressure nozzle 6-5-3 to cut the rock and pushes the rotating cutting device 6-5 to rotate rapidly to achieve cutting work in the target area. As the water pressure is further increased, the sealing rubber 6-3-8 on both sides of the target area gradually expands and forms a sealed cavity with the target area to achieve in-situ fracturing of the rock in the sealing area after cutting.

[0029] Specifically, the drilling and fracturing device 6 includes a drill bit 6-1, a secondary connecting drill rod 6-2, a left sealing drill rod 6-3, a tertiary connecting drill rod 6-4, and a right sealing drill rod 6-6 connected sequentially via tapered threads. A rotating fracturing device 6-5 is annularly sleeved on the outer surface of the tertiary connecting drill rod 6-4. Grooves 6-5-1 are machined on both the annular outer surface of the tertiary connecting drill rod 6-4 and the inner surface of the rotating fracturing device 6-5. The tertiary connecting drill rod 6-4 is rolledly connected to the rotating fracturing device 6-5 via a ball bearing 6-9. A fracturing flow channel 6-4-1 machined inside the tertiary connecting drill rod 6-4 is aligned with the inclined flow channel 6-5-2 inside the rotating fracturing device 6-5. The function of the left sealing drill rod 6-3 and the right sealing drill rod 6-6 is to form a sealed cavity in the target area. Under the action of high-pressure water, the rotating fracturing device 6-5 can rotate on the tertiary connecting drill rod 6-4, cooperating with the high-pressure nozzle 6-5-3 on the rotating fracturing device 6-5 to fracture the rock.

[0030] As a further preferred embodiment, a conical hole 6-1-4 is machined inside the drill bit 6-1. The end of the slide rod 6-10 facing the drill bit 6-1 is machined into a hemispherical shape to form a movable seal with the conical hole 6-1-4. A low-pressure, long-stroke spring 6-7 is installed between the hemispherical end of the slide rod 6-10 and the conical hole 6-1-4. This spring, in conjunction with the working pressure of the water jet, controls the working state of the drilling and fracturing device 6. The water jet passes sequentially through the T-shaped flow channel inside the slide rod 6-10, the conical hole 6-1-4, the drilling flow channel 6-1-1, and the hollow cutting tooth 6-1-3 to impact the rock. The hemispherical end of the slide rod 6-10 and the conical hole 6-1-4 cooperate to form a pressure valve body. Under low-pressure water conditions, water can enter the drill bit 6-1. Under high-pressure water conditions, the hemispherical end of the slide rod 6-10 fits against the conical hole 6-1-4 to form a seal, allowing the device to proceed with subsequent sealing and rock fracturing operations.

[0031] As a further preferred embodiment, the drill bit 6-1 includes solid cutting teeth 6-1-2 and hollow cutting teeth 6-1-3. The solid cutting teeth 6-1-2 and hollow cutting teeth 6-1-3 are alternately welded to the front end face of the drill bit 6-1 in a 2:1 ratio. The hollow cutting teeth 6-1-3 have a lower height and a conical constriction shape in their internal flow channels. They are fixedly welded at 30°-90° to the outlet position of the drilling flow channel 6-1-1 on the end face of the drill bit 6-1. The water jet ejected by the hollow cutting teeth 6-1-3 rotates and impacts the rock to form an annular slit. The solid cutting teeth 6-1-2 crush the rock ridge in the middle of the annular slit, avoiding interference with the water jet. Both the solid cutting teeth 6-1-2 and the hollow cutting teeth 6-1-3 are made of materials with high wear resistance.

[0032] As a further preferred embodiment, threaded holes are machined at the center positions of the left sealing drill rod 6-3 and the right sealing drill rod 6-6. Three relief grooves 6-3-10 are machined on the left side of the threaded holes, and an axial stepped hole 6-3-12, a valve sleeve 6-3-3, an internal hexagonal groove 6-3-1, and threaded holes are machined on the right side for installing the valve sleeve 6-3-3 and the pipe thread 6-3-7. The bottom of the sealing rubber 6-3-8 connects to the pipe thread 6-3-7. The annular relief groove 6-3-10, in conjunction with the left-side fastener 6-3-9 of the sealing rubber, secures the left end of the sealing rubber 6-3-8. A sealing rubber return spring 6-3-14 and a sealing rubber return slider 6-3-13 are installed inside the axial stepped hole 6-3-12. The sealing rubber return slider 6-3-13 has a U-shaped structure and is pressed against the end of the stroke of the sealing rubber return spring 6-3-14. The top of the sealing rubber reset slider 6-3-13 within its stroke range is machined with a square groove, and a brass sealing rubber stop plate 6-3-15 is built in. Its end is fastened to the right fastener 6-3-11 of the sealing rubber. The right fastener 6-3-11 of the sealing rubber is embedded 5 cm into the sealing rubber 6-3-8 to prevent the fastener from falling off during the expansion of the sealing rubber 6-3-8. The bottom opening size of the stepped hole 6-3-5 is smaller than the outer diameter of the valve sleeve 6-3-3 to prevent the high-pressure small-stroke spring 6-3-5 from pushing the valve core 6-3-2 into the internal flow channel of the drill pipe under low pressure. The outer diameter of the spring is close to the inner diameter of the valve sleeve 6-3-3. A T-shaped flow channel 6-3-6 is machined inside the valve core 6-3-2. During the process of the water jet pressure inside the drill pipe increasing, the T-shaped flow channel 6-3-3 continuously fills the sealing rubber 6-3-8 with high-pressure water.

[0033] As a further preferred embodiment, the inner surface and end face of the rotary slitting device 6-5 are coated with a wear-resistant coating, and the inclined flow channel 6-5-2 and high-pressure nozzle 6-5-3 are welded to the surface of the rotary slitting device 6-5. Under the impetus of high-pressure water, it can be ensured to rotate rapidly around the three-stage connecting drill rod 6-4.

[0034] As a further preferred embodiment, the slide rod 6-10 has the same internally machined T-shaped flow channel as the valve core 6-3-2, and is installed inside the secondary connecting drill rod 6-2 in conjunction with the low-pressure large-stroke spring 6-7. It adjusts the water jet pressure to control the opening and closing of the low-pressure drilling auxiliary function. A limit valve block 6-8 is installed at the end of the secondary connecting drill rod 6-2 to limit the axial movement range of the slide rod 6-10.

[0035] The specific working principle of this invention is as follows: Under the combined action of the rotary drive mechanism 3 and the propulsion mechanism 5, the low-pressure water-assisted drill bit 6-1 completes drilling. Simultaneously, the jet enters the drilling-assisted drill bit 6-1 through the slotting channel to clean rock debris. Under low pressure, the sealing rubber 6-3-8 is insufficient to deform. As the working pressure of the water jet increases, the slide rod 6-10 moves to the left and contacts the conical hole inside the drill bit 6-1, closing the low-pressure auxiliary drilling function. The rotating slotting device 6-5, driven by high-pressure water, rotates and slots the rock. Simultaneously, the sealing rubber 6-3-8 gradually expands, and the right side of the sealing rubber 6-3-8... Fastener 6-3-11 and sealing rubber stop 6-3-15 move to the left along with sealing rubber 6-3-8. Valve core 6-3-2 moves upward and contacts valve sleeve 6-3-3, cutting off the connection between the jet inside drill rod 6-1 and the high-pressure water inside sealing rubber 6-3-8. The sealing rubber 6-3-8 maintains a constant pressure and remains in an expanded state, continuing to increase the working pressure of the water pressure system, realizing the sealing of boreholes on both sides of the cut and in-situ fracturing of the rock mass in the middle of the sealed borehole. In-situ sealing and fracturing of multiple cuts in the rock mass can be carried out at different drilling depths, so that the intact rock mass is fractured and divided into thin plates to weaken the rock mass strength.

[0036] S1: Drilling position adjustment: The traveling mechanism 1 works to bring the equipment to the drilling working face, and the drilling angle adjustment mechanism 5 controls the drilling cut fracturing device 6 drill bit 6-1 to be in the predetermined drilling position and angle.

[0037] S2: Drilling: The high-pressure water system 2, rotary drive mechanism 3 and propulsion mechanism 4 are started in sequence. The high-pressure water system 2 is controlled to output low-pressure water. The low-pressure water passes through the T-shaped flow channel inside the slide rod 6-10, the conical hole 6-1-4, the drilling flow channel 6-1-1 and the hollow cutting tooth 6-1-3 to impact the rock. With the assistance of the high-pressure water system 2, the rotary drive mechanism 3 drives the drill bit 6-1 to rotate and break the rock. The propulsion mechanism 4 gradually advances along the axis of the first-stage connecting drill rod 7 to complete drilling to a certain depth.

[0038] S3: Cutting: After the drill bit 6-1 drills to the predetermined position, the propulsion mechanism 4 and the rotary drive mechanism 3 are closed in sequence. Then, the output working pressure of the high-pressure water system 2 is increased. The slide rod 6-10 moves to the left under the push of the high-pressure water to further compress the low-pressure large-stroke spring 6-7. The slide rod 6-10 contacts the tapered hole 6-1-4 inside the drill bit 6-1 to form a seal, preventing the high-pressure water from entering the drill bit 6-1 to assist in drilling. During the pressurization process of the high-pressure water system 2, the high-pressure water enters the cutting channel 6-4-1, the inclined channel 6-5-2, and the high-pressure nozzle 6-5-3 in sequence to cut the rock and push the rotating cutting device 6-5 to rotate rapidly. At the same time, the high-pressure water is continuously injected into the sealing rubber 6-3-8 through the valve core 6-2, the valve sleeve 6-3, and the pipe thread 6-3-7.

[0039] S4: Sealing: As the pressure continues to rise, the sealing rubber 6-3-8 expands, and the right sealing rubber fastener 6-3-11 drives the sealing rubber stop plate 6-3-15 to move to the left, compressing the sealing rubber return spring 6-3-14, until the sealing rubber 6-3-8 on both sides of the rotating slit device 6-5 expands and contacts the hole wall to form a sealing space. The high-pressure water pushes the valve core 6-3-2 to move upward and compresses the high-pressure small stroke spring 6-3-4. The valve core 6-3-2 contacts the valve sleeve 6-3-3, closing the water injection channel of the sealing rubber 6-3-8. The right sealing device 6-6 works on the same principle as the left sealing device 6-3.

[0040] S5: Fracturing and Reset: After the sealing rubber 6-3-8 expands and seals the fracturing area, the valve core 6-3-2 contacts the valve sleeve 6-3-3, cutting off the water injection channel of the sealing rubber 6-3-8, increasing the working pressure of the high-pressure water system 2, and realizing in-situ fracturing of the rock in the sealing area after cutting. When the working pressure of the water jet is detected to rise sharply, the high-pressure water system 2 is shut off. The low-pressure large-stroke spring 6-7 pushes the slide rod 6-10 to move to the right and resets to the limit valve block 6-8. The high-pressure small-stroke spring 6-3-4 pushes the valve core 6-3-2 to move downward and resets to the point where the valve core 6-3-2 contacts the stepped hole 6-3-5, opening the water injection channel at the top of the valve sleeve 6-3-3. Under its own elastic contraction force and the reasonable action of the sealing rubber reset spring 6-3-14, the sealing rubber 6-3-1 returns to its original state.

[0041] S6: Repeat steps S2, S3, S4, and S5 to complete drilling, cutting, sealing, and fracturing at different depths, so that the intact rock mass is fractured and divided into thin plates to weaken the rock mass strength. After completing drilling, cutting, sealing, and fracturing of the rock mass at a specific location, proceed to step S1 to change the drilling position or angle and continue the rock mass weakening construction.

[0042] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A drilling and fracturing device for weakening hard rock masses, characterized in that: The system includes a walking mechanism (1), a high-pressure water system (2), a rotary drive mechanism (3), a propulsion mechanism (4), a drilling angle adjustment mechanism (5), a drilling and fracturing device (6), a primary connecting drill rod (7), and a guide rail (8). The high-pressure water system (2) is installed on the walking mechanism (1), the guide rail (8) is hinged on the walking mechanism (1), the two ends of the drilling angle adjustment mechanism (5) are hinged to the walking mechanism (1) and the guide rail (8) respectively, the rotary drive mechanism (3) is slidably installed on the guide rail (8), the two ends of the drill rod (7) are connected to the rotary drive mechanism (3) and the drilling and fracturing device (6) respectively, and the two ends of the propulsion mechanism (4) are connected to the rotary drive mechanism (3) and the guide rail (8) respectively. The drilling and fracturing device (6) includes a drill bit (6-1), a secondary connecting drill rod (6-2), a left sealing drill rod (6-3), a tertiary connecting drill rod (6-4), and a right sealing drill rod (6-6) connected in sequence by tapered threads. The rotary fracturing device (6-5) is annularly sleeved on the outer surface of the tertiary connecting drill rod (6-4). Grooves (6-5-1) are machined on both the annular outer surface of the tertiary connecting drill rod (6-4) and the inner surface of the rotary fracturing device (6-5). The tertiary connecting drill rod (6-4) is rolledly connected to the rotary fracturing device (6-5) through a ball bearing (6-9). The fracturing flow channel (6-4-1) machined inside the tertiary connecting drill rod (6-4) is aligned with the inclined flow channel (6-5-2) inside the rotary fracturing device (6-5). The drill bit (6-1) includes solid cutting teeth (6-1-2) and hollow cutting teeth (6-1-3). The solid cutting teeth (6-1-2) and hollow cutting teeth (6-1-3) are alternately welded to the front end face of the drill bit (6-1) in a 2:1 ratio. The hollow cutting teeth (6-1-3) have a lower height and the internal flow channel is conical and conical. They are fixedly welded to the outlet position of the drilling flow channel (6-1-1) on the end face of the drill bit (6-1) at 30°-90°. The water jet sprayed by the hollow cutting teeth (6-1-3) rotates and impacts the rock to form an annular slit. The solid cutting teeth (6-1-2) squeeze and break the rock ridge in the middle of the annular slit.

2. The drilling and fracturing equipment for weakening hard rock masses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill bit (6-1) has a tapered hole (6-1-4) inside. The end of the slide rod (6-10) facing the drill bit (6-1) is machined into a hemispherical shape to form a movable seal with the tapered hole (6-1-4). A low-pressure, long-stroke spring (6-7) is installed between the hemispherical end of the slide rod (6-10) and the tapered hole (6-1-4).

3. The drilling and fracturing equipment for weakening hard rock masses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left sealing drill rod (6-3) and the right sealing drill rod (6-6) have threaded holes machined at their center positions. Three relief grooves (6-3-10) are machined on the left side of the threaded holes, and an axial stepped hole (6-3-12) is machined on the right side. The end face of the valve sleeve (6-3-3) is machined with an internal hexagonal groove (6-3-1) and a threaded hole for installing the valve sleeve (6-3-3) and the pipe thread (6-3-7). The bottom of the sealing rubber (6-3-8) is connected to the pipe thread (6-3-7). The annular relief groove (6-3-10) cooperates with the left fastener (6-3-9) of the sealing rubber. The sealing rubber return spring (6-3-14) and the sealing rubber return slider (6-3-13) are installed inside the axial stepped hole (6-3-12). The sealing rubber reset slider (6-3-13) has a U-shaped structure and is pressed onto the end of the stroke of the sealing rubber reset spring (6-3-14). A square groove is machined on the sealing drill rod (6-3) at the top of the sealing rubber reset slider (6-3-13), and a brass sealing rubber stop plate (6-3-15) is built in. Its end is pressed and connected to the right fastener (6-3-11) of the sealing rubber. The right fastener (6-3-11) of the sealing rubber is embedded in the sealing rubber (6-3-8) by 5 cm. The bottom opening size of the stepped hole (6-3-5) is smaller than the outer diameter of the valve sleeve (6-3-3). The outer diameter of the spring is close to the inner diameter of the valve sleeve (6-3-3). A T-shaped flow channel (6-3-6) is machined inside the valve core (6-3-2).

4. The drilling and fracturing equipment for weakening hard rock masses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner surface and end face of the rotary slitting device (6-5) are coated with wear-resistant coatings, and the inclined flow channel (6-5-2) and high-pressure nozzle (6-5-3) are welded to the surface of the rotary slitting device (6-5).

5. The drilling and fracturing equipment for weakening hard rock masses according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slide rod (6-10) has the same internal T-shaped flow channel as the valve core (6-3-2), and is installed inside the secondary connecting drill rod (6-2) in conjunction with the low-pressure large-stroke spring (6-7). The limit valve block (6-8) is installed at the end of the secondary connecting drill rod (6-2).

6. A method for operating equipment for drilling, slotting, and in-situ sealing fracturing to weaken hard rock mass, comprising the drilling, slotting, and in-situ sealing fracturing equipment for weakening hard rock mass as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Drilling position adjustment: The traveling mechanism (1) works to bring the equipment to the drilling working face, and the drilling angle adjustment mechanism (5) controls the drilling cut and fracturing device (6) and the drill bit (6-1) to be in the predetermined drilling position and angle. S2: Drilling: The high-pressure water system (2), rotary drive mechanism (3) and propulsion mechanism (4) are started in sequence. The high-pressure water system (2) outputs low-pressure water. The low-pressure water passes through the T-shaped flow channel, conical hole (6-1-4), drilling flow channel (6-1-1) and hollow cutting tooth (6-1-3) inside the slide bar (6-10) to impact the rock. The high-pressure water system (2) assists the rotary drive mechanism (3) to drive the drill bit (6-1) to rotate and break the rock. The propulsion mechanism (4) gradually advances along the axis of the first-level connecting drill rod (7) to complete drilling to a certain depth. S3: Cutting: After the drill bit (6-1) drills to the predetermined position, the propulsion mechanism (4) and the rotary drive mechanism (3) are closed in sequence. Then, the output working pressure of the high-pressure water system (2) is increased. The slide bar (6-10) moves to the left under the push of the high-pressure water to further compress the low-pressure large-stroke spring (6-7). The slide bar (6-10) contacts the conical hole (6-1-4) inside the drill bit (6-1) to form a seal, preventing the high-pressure water from entering the drill bit (6-1) to assist in drilling. During the pressurization process of the high-pressure water system (2), the high-pressure water enters the cutting channel (6-4-1), the inclined channel (6-5-2), and the high-pressure nozzle (6-5-3) in sequence to cut the rock and push the rotating cutting device (6-5) to rotate quickly. At the same time, the high-pressure water is continuously injected into the sealing rubber (6-3-8) through the valve core (6-3-2), the valve sleeve (6-3-3), and the pipe thread (6-3-7). S4: Sealing: As the pressure continues to rise, the sealing rubber (6-3-8) expands. The fastener (6-3-11) on the right side of the sealing rubber drives the sealing rubber stop plate (6-3-15) to move to the left and compresses the sealing rubber return spring (6-3-14) until the sealing rubber (6-3-8) on both sides of the rotating slit device (6-5) expands and contacts the hole wall to form a sealing space. The high-pressure water pushes the valve core (6-3-2) to move upward and compresses the high-pressure small stroke spring (6-3-4). The valve core (6-3-2) contacts the valve sleeve (6-3-3) and closes the water injection channel of the sealing rubber (6-3-8). The working principle of the right sealing drill rod (6-6) is the same as that of the left sealing drill rod (6-3). S5: Fracturing and Reset: After the sealing rubber (6-3-8) expands and seals the fracturing area, the valve core (6-3-2) contacts the valve sleeve (6-3-3), cutting off the water injection channel of the sealing rubber (6-3-8), increasing the working pressure of the high-pressure water system (2), and realizing in-situ fracturing of the rock in the sealing area after cutting. The high-pressure water system (2) is shut down when the working pressure of the water jet is detected to rise sharply. The low-pressure large stroke spring (6-7) pushes the slide bar (6-10) to move to the right and resets to the limit valve block (6-8). The high-pressure small stroke spring (6-3-4) pushes the valve core (6-3-2) to move downward and resets to the point where the valve core (6-3-2) contacts the stepped hole (6-3-5), opening the water injection channel at the top of the valve sleeve (6-3-3). Under the reasonable action of its own elastic contraction force and the sealing rubber reset spring (6-3-14), the sealing rubber (6-3-1) returns to its original state. S6: Repeat steps S2, S3, S4, and S5 to complete drilling, cutting, sealing, and fracturing at different depths, so that the intact rock mass is fractured and divided into thin plates to weaken the rock mass strength. After completing drilling, cutting, sealing, and fracturing of the rock mass at a specific location, proceed to step S1 to change the drilling position or angle and continue the rock mass weakening construction.

Images