A bidirectional coupling impact speed-up tool

Abstract

The application relates to a bidirectional coupling impact speed-up tool which comprises an upper joint, an outer sleeve, a hydraulic hammer, an impact cylinder, a lower nozzle, a drill bit base, an oscillation cavity, an impeller shaft, an impeller, an impeller sleeve and a flow guide. The pendulum of the flow hammer can be subjected to circumferential reciprocating torsional impact in the arc-shaped groove of the impact cylinder under the impact of high-pressure drilling fluid, the drilling fluid flowing out of the lower nozzle changes in speed and direction when passing through the slope structure of the flow guide, the impeller is rotated at high speed, cavitation collapse is formed in the oscillation cavity, the drilling fluid is pressed out of the oscillation cavity, and axial pulse jet is realized. The application can simultaneously generate high-frequency low-amplitude circumferential torsional impact and axial pulse jet, the drill bit cutting is more stable, the well bottom flow field can be improved, the drill bit can be assisted in removing and breaking rocks, and therefore the drilling cost is reduced.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The present invention relates to a drilling device in the fields of petroleum and natural gas engineering, geological engineering, coal engineering, and the like, and in particular to a bidirectional coupling impact speed-increasing tool. Background technology:

[0002] With economic development, the demand for petroleum resources is increasing. Oil and gas well exploration in my country is trending towards deep and ultra-deep wells. As well depth increases, the encountered hard formations increase, and wellbore structures become more complex, significantly increasing drilling costs. During deep well drilling, the power required to break rock is provided by the surface power system. This torque is transmitted to the drill bit through the drill pipe. Due to the deep well depth, this torque transmission process suffers from inefficient transmission and utilization, as well as low ROP. Furthermore, the increased presence of hard formations during drilling can cause stick-slip vibration in the drill bit, leading to accelerated wear of drilling equipment, reduced drilling safety, lowered drilling efficiency, and prolonged drilling cycles. Furthermore, as well depth increases, hydraulic losses along the drill bit increase significantly. Given constant surface pump power, the available hydraulic power at the bottomhole drill bit decreases dramatically. This reduced bottomhole hydraulic energy significantly reduces hydraulic rock breaking and clearing capabilities. In many cases, the inability to promptly remove cuttings leads to repeated breakage and even bit balling. All of these are important reasons for the decline in drilling speed.

[0003] To address these issues, experts and scholars have proposed methods such as torsion impact drilling and hydraulic pulse cavitation jet technology, and have developed torsion impactors and hydraulic pulse cavitation jet generators. The torsion impactor works by applying a high-frequency torsional reciprocating impact force to the drill bit during drilling. This tool can improve the PDC drill bit's efficiency in shearing rock formations, increase the mechanical penetration rate, and reduce stick-slip vibrations. The hydraulic pulse cavitation jet generator operates by driving the impeller through high-speed rotation of the drilling fluid while continuously changing the flow path area between the impeller and the impeller seat. This modulates the conventional continuous flow into a pulsed jet, improving the stress state of the rock at the bottom of the well.

[0004] Current inventions focus on only one of the two technologies mentioned above. However, research on the shortcomings of each has yielded little success. Torque impactors cannot improve the rock-breaking efficiency of PDC drill bits in superplastic formations. Similarly, hydraulic pulse cavitation jet generators can only excite high-frequency, low-amplitude oscillation pulses, which have extremely low energy and unstable rock cleaning and breaking effects. Summary of the invention:

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bidirectional coupling impact speed-up tool, which is used to realize a simple structure and high-efficiency rock breaking system by using the circumferential reciprocating motion of a simple combination of a hydraulic hammer and an impact cylinder and the axial pulse jet provided by an impeller.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: this bidirectional coupling impact speed-up tool includes an upper joint, an outer sleeve, a hydraulic hammer, an impact cylinder, a lower nozzle, a drill bit base, an oscillation cavity, a guide body, and an impeller; the upper joint, the outer sleeve, and the drill bit base are connected in sequence from top to bottom; the upper joint has a central flow channel and a side flow channel, the side flow channel is inclined downward at a certain angle to the central flow channel, the impact cylinder is located in the outer sleeve and is threadedly connected to the drill bit base, the hydraulic hammer and the lower nozzle are located in the impact cylinder, the lower nozzle is threadedly connected to the impact cylinder, and a limit gasket is provided to connect the guide body , impeller sleeve, and oscillation cavity are confined inside the drill bit base, the lower spray body is communicated with the guide body, the impeller is arranged in the impeller sleeve, and the oscillation cavity is located below the impeller sleeve; the pendulum of the hydraulic hammer performs circumferential reciprocating torsional impact in the arc groove of the impact cylinder under the impact of high-pressure drilling fluid; the speed and direction of the drilling fluid change when it flows out from the lower nozzle and passes through the slope structure of the guide body, which prompts the impeller to rotate at high speed. The high-speed rotation of the impeller causes cavitation to collapse inside the oscillation cavity, generating high pressure, and forcing the drilling fluid out of the oscillation cavity to achieve axial pulse jet.

[0007] In the above scheme, the hydraulic hammer has two sets of opposite slope structures, so that the pendulum of the hydraulic hammer is repeatedly twisted and impacted under the impact of high-pressure drilling fluid. At the same time, the drilling fluid continues to flow downward from the through hole between the two sets of opposite slope structures and converges with the drilling fluid in the central flow channel to the lower nozzle.

[0008] In the above scheme, the upper and middle sections of the impact tube are designed with an arc groove, the middle section is designed with a nozzle hole, and the lower port has an internal thread. The arc groove limits the pendulum of the reciprocating hydraulic hammer to a swing range of 30 degrees. The nozzle hole with a slightly smaller radius is to match the lower nozzle, and the internal thread is used to connect to the drill bit base.

[0009] In the above scheme, the guide body is designed with a sloped mouth, so that the drilling fluid flowing out of the lower nozzle changes its speed and direction when passing through, prompting the impeller to rotate at high speed.

[0010] In the above scheme, the impeller sleeve is designed with an axial hole, an arc-shaped boss and a square inner cavity. The axial hole cooperates with the impeller shaft. The arc-shaped boss is located at the upper end of the impeller sleeve and is connected to the slope surface of the guide body. The arc-shaped boss minimizes the impact force of the small amount of drilling fluid brought back by the impeller on the sleeve, thereby protecting the impeller sleeve and the guide body. The square inner cavity maximizes the impeller diameter, and at the same time, the drilling fluid passes through the impeller to the greatest extent, so that the drilling fluid is modulated from conventional flow to pulse jet.

[0011] In the above scheme, the blades of the impeller are slightly bent in the clockwise direction in order to cause the cavitation to collapse in the oscillation cavity, thereby generating high pressure.

[0012] In the above scheme, the limiting gasket is designed with a square hole, which effectively prevents leakage. At the same time, under the pressure of the impact cylinder, the following guide body, impeller sleeve and oscillation cavity are restricted in the inner cavity of the drill base.

[0013] This product has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. Based on torsional impact drilling technology and pulse jet technology, the present invention invents a bidirectionally coupled impact speed-up tool that simultaneously generates high-frequency, low-amplitude circumferential torsional impact and axial pulse jet. This tool integrates the advantages of both technologies while avoiding their shortcomings. It can improve bottomhole energy utilization and rock breaking efficiency, reduce stick-slip vibration of the drill bit, and lower drilling costs.

[0015] 2. The tool of the present invention has a simple structure, good fluidity of the drilling fluid in the cavity, and extremely high utilization rate of the drilling fluid; it has stable working performance and is a new, stable, reliable and safe drilling tool that is easy to use and promote in oil fields.

[0016] 3. The torsional impact structure of the present invention is improved on the traditional pendulum structure, with a simpler structure and also achieving torsional impact.

[0017] 3. The present invention is like an impeller, which changes the area of ​​the flow channel between the impeller and the impeller sleeve at a high frequency during high-speed rotation, thereby changing the pressure and speed of the drilling fluid, and then generating pulse disturbance.

[0018] 4. In the present invention, the oscillating cavity has a small outlet diameter, and part of the drilling fluid returns to the inside of the oscillating cavity, turning the jet at the outlet of the oscillating cavity into a vortex circulation, thereby inducing cavitation. The inside of the cavity becomes a high-pressure area, thereby forming a high-energy jet.

[0019] 5. The present invention has no electronic components and fragile workpieces, which greatly reduces the number of trips and raises drilling efficiency.

[0020] 6. The torque impact frequency of the present invention can be changed according to the inclination of the hydraulic hammer slope structure according to drilling needs, and has a wide range of applications and strong flexibility.

[0021] 7. The present invention is short in length, can be used in conjunction with downhole power drilling tools, and has a wide range of applications.

[0022] 8. The present invention can simultaneously generate high-frequency, low-amplitude circumferential torsional impact and axial pulse jet, making the drill bit cutting more stable while improving the bottom hole flow field, assisting the drill bit in clearing and breaking rock, thereby reducing drilling costs. Description of the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the upper joint structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the outer sleeve of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the impact tube of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydraulic hammer of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the lower nozzle structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the limiting gasket structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the diverter body of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the impeller structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the oscillation cavity structure of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure, 1 is an upper joint; 2 is an outer sleeve; 3 is an upper joint gasket; 4 is a hydraulic hammer; 5 is an impact cylinder; 6 is a lower nozzle; 7 is a drill base; 8 is an oscillation chamber; 9 is an impeller shaft; 10 is an impeller; 11 is an impeller sleeve; 12 is a guide body; 13 is a limit gasket; 14 is a lower nozzle gasket. Specific implementation method:

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0035] Combine Figures 1-10 As shown, this bidirectional coupling impact speed-up tool includes an upper joint 1, an outer sleeve 2, an upper joint gasket 3, a hydraulic hammer 4, an impact tube 5, a lower nozzle gasket 14, a lower nozzle 6, a limiting gasket 13, a drill base 7, an oscillation cavity 8, an impeller shaft 9, an impeller 10, an impeller sleeve 11, and a guide body 12; the upper joint 1, the outer sleeve 2, and the drill base 7 are connected in sequence from top to bottom; the impact tube 5 is located in the outer sleeve 2 and is threadedly connected to the drill base 7, the hydraulic hammer 4 and the lower nozzle 6 are located in the impact tube 5, the lower nozzle 6 is threadedly connected to the impact tube 5, the limiting gasket 13 limits the guide body 12, the impeller sleeve 11, and the oscillation cavity 8 to the inside of the drill base 7, the lower spray body is communicated with the guide body 12, the impeller 10 is arranged in the impeller sleeve 11, and the oscillation cavity 8 is located below the impeller sleeve 11.

[0036] The upper joint 1 and the outer sleeve 2 are connected by threads, as are the outer sleeve 2 and the drill base 7. The drill base 7 is also connected by threads to the impact cylinder 5. The lower nozzle 6 is also connected by threads to the impact cylinder 5. The guide body 12, the impeller sleeve 11, and the oscillation chamber 8 are all connected by threads to the drill base 7. The impeller 10 is axially connected to the impeller base via the impeller shaft 9. The upper joint has a central flow channel and two side flow channels that are angled with the axis. This allows a portion of the drilling fluid from the upper drill string to flow downward along the central flow channel, while the remaining high-pressure fluid flows through the side flow channels into the hydraulic hammer 4.

[0037] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the external thread at the lower end of the upper joint 1 is connected to the internal thread at the upper end of the outer sleeve 2; the internal thread in the middle of the outer sleeve 2 is threadedly connected to the external thread of the impact tube 5; the internal thread at the lower end of the outer sleeve 2 is threadedly connected to the external thread of the drill base 7; the external thread at the upper end of the drill base 7 is threadedly connected to the internal thread at the lower end of the impact tube 5; the external thread of the limiting gasket 13 is threadedly connected to the internal thread of the drill base 7, and is located on the end surface of the guide body 12.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, the impact cylinder 5 is connected to the hydraulic hammer 4 via an internal arcuate groove; the pendulum of the hydraulic hammer 4 is limited in its movement within the arcuate groove of the impact cylinder 5. The impact cylinder is designed with an arcuate groove in the upper section, a nozzle hole in the middle section, and an internal thread at the lower end. The arcuate groove limits the reciprocating pendulum of the hydraulic hammer to a swing range of 30 degrees. The nozzle hole with a slightly smaller radius is designed to accommodate the lower nozzle, and the internal thread is used to connect to the drill bit base.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, the hydraulic hammer 4 is connected to the upper joint via the upper joint gasket 3. The hydraulic hammer has two sets of opposing ramp structures, which cause the hammer's pendulum to repeatedly twist and impact under the impact of high-pressure drilling fluid. Simultaneously, the drilling fluid continues to flow downward through the through-hole between the two sets of opposing ramp structures, where it joins the drilling fluid in the central flow channel and converges with the lower nozzle. The reciprocating motion of the hydraulic hammer 4's pendulum within the arcuate groove of the impact cylinder 5 aligns the flow channel openings on both sides of the upper joint 1 with the ramp openings of the hydraulic hammer 4 during movement.

[0040] like Figure 6 As shown, the lower nozzle 6 is connected to the impact tube 5 through a thread, and the diameter of the lower nozzle outlet suddenly becomes smaller, which will send high-energy fluid to the lower part.

[0041] like Figure 7 As shown, the limiting gasket 13 is connected to the drill base 7 through threads, and the square hole is better matched with the guide body 12.

[0042] like Figure 8As shown, the guide body 12 is connected to the drill bit base through a thread; the guide body is designed with a sloped mouth, so that the drilling fluid flowing out of the lower nozzle changes its speed and direction when passing through, prompting the impeller to rotate at high speed; the square hole in the upper part cooperates with the square hole of the limit gasket 13, and the square hole in the lower part cooperates with the square hole in the upper part of the impeller base 11. The flow rate and direction of the drilling fluid will change on the slope structure of the guide body 12.

[0043] like Figure 9 As shown, the impeller 10 of the impeller assembly is axially connected to the impeller shaft 9 and moves around the axis under the impact of the drilling fluid in the impeller base 11, where the drilling fluid forms pulses. The impeller base 11 is connected to the drill bit base 7 by a thread. The impeller sleeve is designed with an axial hole, an arc-shaped boss, and a square inner cavity. The axial hole matches the impeller shaft. The arc-shaped boss is located at the upper end of the impeller sleeve and connects to the sloped surface of the guide body. The arc-shaped boss minimizes the impact force on the sleeve caused by the small amount of drilling fluid brought back by the impeller, protecting the impeller sleeve and the guide body. The square inner cavity maximizes the impeller diameter and allows the drilling fluid to pass through the impeller to the greatest extent, so that the drilling fluid is modulated from conventional flow to a pulsed jet. The impeller blades are slightly curved in the clockwise direction to cause cavitation collapse in the oscillation cavity, thereby generating high pressure.

[0044] like Figure 10 As shown, the oscillation chamber 8 is connected to the drill base 7 via threads. The high-speed operation of the impeller 9 causes cavitation to collapse within the oscillation chamber 8, creating a high-pressure zone inside the chamber and generating a high-energy jet. The inlet diameter of the oscillation chamber 8 is equal to the diameter of the inner cavity of the oscillation chamber, while the outlet diameter of the oscillation chamber is smaller than the inlet diameter.

[0045] The workflow of the present invention is specifically as follows:

[0046] This bidirectionally coupled impact speed-increasing tool has a PDC drill bit installed at the lower end and a drill collar connected to the upper end. In operation, drilling fluid enters through the upper connector 1, with a portion flowing downward along the central flow channel, while the remaining high-pressure fluid flows into the hydraulic hammer 4. Under the impact of the high-pressure drilling fluid, the pendulum of the hydraulic hammer 4 performs a circumferential reciprocating torsional impact in the arcuate groove of the impact tube 5. The drilling fluid at the upper end continues to flow downward through the through-hole in the center of the ramp structure of the hydraulic hammer 4, where it converges with the drilling fluid in the central flow channel to the lower nozzle 6. The drilling fluid flowing out of the lower nozzle 6 changes its speed and direction as it passes through the ramp structure of the guide body 12, causing the impeller 10 to rotate at high speed around the impeller shaft 9. The high-speed rotation of the impeller 10 causes cavitation to collapse inside the oscillation chamber 8, generating high pressure that forces the drilling fluid out of the oscillation chamber 8, thus achieving axial pulse jetting.

Claims

1. A bidirectional coupling impact speed-increasing tool, characterized by: This bidirectional coupling impact speed-up tool includes an upper joint, an outer sleeve, a hydraulic hammer, an impact cylinder, a lower nozzle, a drill base, an oscillation cavity, a guide body, and an impeller; the upper joint, the outer sleeve, and the drill base are connected in sequence from top to bottom; the upper joint has a central flow channel and a side flow channel, the side flow channel is inclined downward at a certain angle to the central flow channel, the impact cylinder is located in the outer sleeve and is threadedly connected to the drill base, the hydraulic hammer and the lower nozzle are located in the impact cylinder, the lower nozzle is threadedly connected to the impact cylinder, and a limit gasket separates the guide body, the impeller sleeve, and the oscillation cavity. Confined inside the drill bit base, the lower nozzle communicates with the guide body, the impeller is set in the impeller sleeve, and the oscillation cavity is located below the impeller sleeve. The pendulum of the hydraulic hammer performs circumferential reciprocating torsional impact in the arc groove of the impact cylinder under the impact of high-pressure drilling fluid. The speed and direction of the drilling fluid change when it flows out of the lower nozzle and passes through the slope structure of the guide body, prompting the impeller to rotate at high speed. The high-speed rotation of the impeller causes cavitation to form inside the oscillation cavity and collapse, generating high pressure, which drives the drilling fluid out of the oscillation cavity and realizes axial pulse jet. The hydraulic hammer has two sets of opposite slope structures, which make the pendulum of the hydraulic hammer repeatedly twist and impact under the impact of high-pressure drilling fluid. At the same time, the drilling fluid continues to flow downward from the through hole between the two sets of opposite slope structures and converges with the drilling fluid in the central flow channel to the lower nozzle; The upper part of the impact cylinder is designed with an arc groove, the middle part is designed with a nozzle hole, and the lower port has an internal thread. The arc groove limits the pendulum of the reciprocating hydraulic hammer to a swing range of 30 degrees, and the nozzle hole is adapted to the lower nozzle.

2. The bidirectional coupling impact speed-increasing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide body has a sloped opening, which changes the speed and direction of the drilling fluid flowing out of the lower nozzle when passing through, thereby prompting the impeller to rotate at a high speed.

3. The bidirectional coupling impact speed-increasing tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The impeller sleeve is designed with an axial hole, an arc-shaped boss and a square inner cavity. The axial hole cooperates with the impeller shaft, and the arc-shaped boss is located at the upper end of the impeller sleeve and is connected to the slope surface of the guide body.

4. The bidirectional coupling impact speed-increasing tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The blades of the impeller are slightly bent in a clockwise direction, so that cavitation is formed in the oscillation cavity and collapses, generating high pressure.

5. The bidirectional coupling impact speed-increasing tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limiting gasket is designed with a square hole for leak prevention.

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