A device and method for detecting roof deformation in a roadway heading support area

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of detection device, and relates to a detection device and control method for roof deformation in a roadway head support area. Seven frame cylinders are extended, and seven frame position switches send signals that the seven frame cylinders have been extended to position. Five swing cylinders respectively drive five detection assemblies to swing to a first position, and five swing position switches send electric signals. Five double-head cylinders drive hollow double-head pistons and detection rods to translate towards a roadway rough surface, detection contacts stop moving due to resistance on the roadway rough surface, and the hollow double-head pistons continue to translate by overcoming the elastic force of springs, and five detection position switches all send electric signals. Five angle sensors collect data. The present application can detect multiple points at one time, can quickly enter a detection state, can quickly detect an impending roof collapse accident, and can slow down or avoid the harm caused by the accident. Even if the roof sinks in a large area, the sinking value can be accurately detected, and the risk of underestimation can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of detection device technology, and to a roadway roof detection technology, specifically to a detection device and control method for the deformation of the roof in the roadway facing area awaiting support. Background Technology

[0002] In underground coal mine roadway excavation, the tunneling machine first advances about ten meters. The resulting slag needs to be removed first, otherwise it will occupy a large amount of space in the roadway and affect the support and shotcreting. The slag is loaded into a mine car and transported away by train. If it cannot be transported all at once, it needs to be transported multiple times. After the slag at the face is cleaned up, the roof of that area is then supported and shotcreted. During the excavation and slag transportation process, the period before any support measures are taken for the roof of the support area may be three or four hours, seven or eight hours, or even longer. If the distance between the roadway face and the slag dumping area is far, the transportation cost will be longer. Most coal mining companies also need to hoist the slag to the surface. Vertical shaft hoisting takes a long time. The vertical shaft cage loads two mine cars at a time, and each mine car needs to be hoisted multiple times to complete the hoisting. The descent of the empty mine car into the mine also takes a long time. A few coal mining companies do not hoist the slag to the surface, but transport it to the goaf for filling, which takes relatively less time.

[0003] During tunneling, more slag needs to be removed to create an arched rough tunnel surface that is slightly larger in cross-section than the ideal shotcrete surface. The rough tunnel surface is relatively rough, and with the help of a laser profiler, the excavated rough tunnel surface requires the removal of three to five centimeters more rock than the ideal shotcrete surface. Later, anchor bolts are installed on the rough tunnel surface, and then a shotcrete machine is used to spray concrete slurry. After the concrete slurry solidifies, it forms a regular, high-strength arched shotcrete surface, which is less likely to cause roof collapse accidents.

[0004] The arch shape is composed of a semi-circular arc at the top and vertical sides on the left and right sides.

[0005] However, the roof at the tunnel face is highly dangerous before it is supported, and collapses in this area account for more than 30% of all tunnel accidents. Roof collapses can cause casualties, bury tunneling machines, trains, or other equipment, and require significant additional costs and time to rescue personnel and clear collapsed slag. Roof collapses also loosen the deep rock structure, creating great difficulties for subsequent support. Therefore, it is crucial to quickly detect the deformation of the roof in the area awaiting support and take preventative measures in advance.

[0006] Some have attempted to install detection devices on the roof of this area to monitor the deformation of the roof, predict roof falls in advance, and take timely preventive measures. For example, patent document CN109631824B describes a monitoring device consisting of a fixing device and a measuring rod. During monitoring, the fixing device is installed on the anchor bolt of the roof facing the head and remains fixed during the use of the monitoring point. The measuring rod changes the monitoring direction by embedding it into different measuring holes of the fixing device, and the monitoring length is changed by adjusting the length of the measuring rod. The two work together to monitor different areas of the open roof area. During the monitoring process, based on the lever principle, one end of the measuring rod is brought into contact with the measuring point in the open roof area, and the length of the measuring rod and the angle between the measuring rod and the vertical line are recorded. The vertical height between the measuring point and the other end of the measuring rod is calculated, and the difference between the two vertical height measurements is the deformation at the measuring point. While this device can monitor roof deformation in a timely manner, it also has significant drawbacks: It operates on a single-point basis, requiring multiple installations to monitor multiple points. This process is complex and time-consuming. Given the ever-present threat of roof collapse, monitoring and emergency response are crucial. Early installation and monitoring can reduce casualties and property damage. However, the device is installed at a high altitude, requiring anchor bolts and climbing equipment, which is dangerous. Installation is entirely manual, resulting in low efficiency, slow speed, and worker fall risks. Furthermore, the device uses one point on the roof as a reference to test adjacent points. If the roof experiences significant subsidence, the detection result may show zero change or only a small change, leading to an underestimation of the potential disaster. Workers may not take this seriously enough or implement appropriate emergency measures, potentially causing a catastrophic accident. Therefore, the detection is inaccurate and unreliable. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention addresses the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a device and control method for detecting and controlling the deformation of the roof in the unsupported area of ​​a roadway face. This invention eliminates the need for multiple installations, allowing for multi-point detection with a single installation. The installation and usage steps are simple and time-efficient, enabling rapid detection of impending roof collapses and allowing for timely implementation of appropriate emergency measures to mitigate or prevent the damage. This invention uses the roadway floor as the installation reference to test points on the roof. Even with large-area roof subsidence, it accurately detects the subsidence value, preventing underestimation of risk and enabling timely and effective emergency measures to prevent further escalation of the risk.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A device for detecting the deformation of the roof in the face-to-support zone of a roadway includes a left detection component and a right detection component; the left and right detection components are each semi-arched, the upper right end of the left detection component is provided with a left hinge hole, and the upper left end of the right detection component is provided with a right hinge hole, the left and right hinge holes combined to form a torque-free hinge; the torque-free hinge is a hinge that can rotate freely and has low resistance;

[0010] The lower left end of the left detection component is provided with a left detection frame and two left rollers. The two left rollers are respectively connected to the left detection frame through a rotating joint. The axis lines of the two left rollers are respectively set along the left and right directions. The two left rollers roll on the bottom surface of the tunnel.

[0011] The lower right end of the right detection component is provided with a right detection frame and two right rollers. The two right rollers are respectively connected to the right detection frame through a rotating joint. The axis lines of the two right rollers are respectively set along the left and right directions. The two right rollers roll on the bottom surface of the tunnel. The left detection component and the right detection component form an arch, that is, the detection component arch. The radius of the semi-circular arc side at the top of the arch is slightly smaller than the radius of the semi-circular arc side at the top of the rough surface of the tunnel.

[0012] The present invention also includes five detection components; the five detection components refer to a second detection component, a third detection component, a fourth detection component, a fifth detection component, and a sixth detection component with identical structures, respectively;

[0013] The third detection component includes a third detection cylinder, a third hollow double-ended piston, a third detection rod, a third spring, a third detection gear, and a third angle sensor;

[0014] The third detection cylinder has an inner cylindrical surface with openings at both ends; the third hollow double-ended piston includes a third piston with piston rods at both ends; the third detection cylinder and the third hollow double-ended piston form a double-ended cylinder; the third detection cylinder is connected to the left detection component; the axis of the third hollow double-ended piston intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component.

[0015] The third hollow double-ended piston has a third piston central hole in the middle, the outer cylindrical surface of the third detection rod is in sliding fit with the third piston central hole, and the sliding direction of the third detection rod is parallel to the axis of the third hollow double-ended piston.

[0016] The third detection rod has a third detection contact and a third front protrusion at one end away from the center line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component, and a third gear tooth and a third rear protrusion at the other end.

[0017] The third hollow double-ended piston has a third gear clearance groove at one end near the center line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; the housing of the third angle sensor is fixedly connected to the third hollow double-ended piston, the third detection gear is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the third angle sensor, the third detection gear is in the third gear clearance groove, and the third detection gear meshes with the third gear; the third spring is sleeved on the third detection rod, the first end of the third spring presses against the third front protrusion, and the second end presses against the end of the third hollow double-ended piston away from the center line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; the five detection components each include an angle sensor and a detection gear, and their installation methods are the same as those of the third angle sensor and the third detection gear;

[0018] Similarly, the second, fourth, fifth, and sixth detection components each include a detection cylinder; the detection cylinders of the second and fourth detection components are fixedly connected to the left detection component, and the detection cylinders of the fifth and sixth detection components are fixedly connected to the right detection component; the second, fourth, fifth, and sixth detection components all include a hollow double-ended piston, the center lines of which all intersect perpendicularly with the center line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; the five detection components are evenly distributed on the upper semicircle of the arch of the detection component.

[0019] The third detection component also includes a third detection position switch, which is mounted on the third detection cylinder. This switch generates an electrical signal when the third piston moves to an end away from the center line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component. A magnet is installed inside the third piston. The remaining four detection components also each include a detection position switch, which is mounted on its respective detection cylinder; these will not be described in detail here.

[0020] The connection between the third detection cylinder and the left detection assembly, the connection between the detection cylinders of the second and fourth detection assemblies and the left detection assembly, and the connection between the detection cylinders of the fifth and sixth detection assemblies and the right detection assembly, as described above, refers to their connection via a swing cylinder. The swing cylinders refer to the third, second, fourth, fifth, and sixth swing cylinders. The outer shell of the third swing cylinder is fixedly connected to the left detection assembly, and the output shaft of the third swing cylinder is fixedly connected to the third detection cylinder. The output shaft centerline is parallel to the centerline of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; the swing angle of the third swing cylinder is 90 degrees. The third swing cylinder drives the third detection component to switch between two positions. In the first position, as described above, the centerline of the third hollow double-headed piston and the centerline of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component are perpendicularly intersecting; in the second position, the centerline of the third hollow double-headed piston and the centerline of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component are spatially skewed and perpendicular; the connection between other detection components and corresponding swing cylinders is the same as that between the third detection component and the third swing cylinder, and will not be described again. When all detection components are in the second position, their respective detection contacts no longer extend towards the rough surface of the tunnel. The present invention is relatively small in size, and will not rub or collide with the rough surface of the tunnel when moving longitudinally in the tunnel, making it easy to move.

[0021] Each of the five swing cylinders described above is also equipped with a swing position switch, which generates an electrical signal when the swing cylinder drives the detection component to swing to the first position; for example, the third swing cylinder is equipped with a third swing position switch, which generates an electrical signal when the third swing cylinder drives the third detection component to swing to the first position.

[0022] The aforementioned left and right detection components are not merely simple structural parts, but complex mechanical structures whose shapes can retract. Specifically, the left detection component includes four frame cylinders: a first frame cylinder, a second frame cylinder, a third frame cylinder, and a fourth frame cylinder; the right detection component includes three frame cylinders: a fifth frame cylinder, a sixth frame cylinder, and a seventh frame cylinder. The first end of the first frame cylinder is fixedly connected to the left detection frame. The second ends of the first and second frame cylinders are connected via a first torque-limiting hinge. The second ends of the second and third frame cylinders are connected via a second torque-limiting hinge. The second ends of the third and fourth frame cylinders are connected via a third torque-limiting hinge. A left hinge hole is provided. The second end of the fourth frame cylinder; the right hinge hole is located at the first end of the fifth frame cylinder; the second end of the fifth frame cylinder and the first end of the sixth frame cylinder are connected by the fourth torque limiting hinge; the second end of the sixth frame cylinder and the first end of the seventh frame cylinder are connected by the fifth torque limiting hinge; the right detection frame and the second end of the seventh frame cylinder are connected by the sixth torque limiting hinge; the seven frame cylinders surround a detection component arch that is approximately semi-circular; the fixed connection between the outer shell of the third swing cylinder and the left detection component means that the outer shell of the third swing cylinder and the cylinder body of the third frame cylinder are fixedly connected; the outer shells of the remaining second swing cylinder, fourth swing cylinder, fifth swing cylinder and sixth swing cylinder are also fixedly connected to the cylinder bodies of the second frame cylinder, fourth frame cylinder, fifth frame cylinder and sixth frame cylinder respectively. When the seven frame cylinders extend, the left and right detection components are each considered as rigid bodies, forming a balanced system under the support and friction forces of the tunnel floor, remaining stationary. When the seven frame cylinders fully retract, the left and right detection components are still considered as rigid bodies. The shapes and heights of the left and right detection components decrease, while the contact positions of the left and right rollers with the tunnel floor remain stationary. The left and right detection components rotate a certain angle around the axis of the unlimited torque hinge. The components are relatively tilted and positioned away from the rough surface of the tunnel, facilitating the overall movement of the invention within the tunnel and avoiding interference and friction with the tunnel surface. The left and right detection components are still considered as rigid bodies, forming a balanced system under the support and frictional forces of the tunnel floor, maintaining a stationary state. The combination of the left and right detection components still forms an arch shape, with items within the tunnel below the arch, preventing interference and friction with these items during the overall movement of the invention. The items within the tunnel refer to stationary objects such as tunneling machines, rows of mine cars, and accumulated slag. The seven frame cylinders described above are hexagonal piston rod non-rotating cylinders, where the piston rod does not rotate within the cylinder body.

[0023] The frame cylinders also include a frame cylinder body and a frame position switch. The frame position switch is installed on the corresponding frame cylinder body. When the frame cylinder is fully extended, the frame position switch generates an electrical signal. The third frame cylinder also includes a third frame cylinder body and a third frame position switch. The third frame position switch is installed on the third frame cylinder body. When the third frame cylinder is fully extended, the third frame position switch generates an electrical signal.

[0024] The first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth torque limiting hinges have the same structure and are collectively referred to as torque limiting hinges. The second torque limiting hinge includes a torque limiting hinge shaft, a disc spring assembly, and an adjusting nut. The first end of the third frame cylinder is provided with a third pin-loaded disc, on which a protruding third torque limiting pin is embedded, the cylindrical arc surface of which is less than 180 degrees. The third pin-loaded disc also has a third pin-loaded disc hole. The second end of the third frame cylinder is provided with a third pinless disc, on which a recessed third torque limiting groove is provided. The third pinless disc also has a third pinless disc hole.

[0025] Similar to the second end of the third frame cylinder, the second end of the second frame cylinder is provided with a second pinless disc, on which a recessed second torque limiting groove is provided; the second pinless disc is also provided with a second pinless disc hole; the second pinless disc and the third pin-bearing disc are close together, the third torque limiting pin is embedded in the second torque limiting groove, the second pinless disc hole, the third pin-bearing disc hole and the disc spring assembly are simultaneously threaded onto the torque limiting hinge shaft, the first end of the torque limiting hinge shaft is provided with a protrusion, and the second end of the torque limiting hinge shaft is connected to the adjusting nut through a threaded pair. When the adjusting nut is tightened, the second pinless disc and the third pin-bearing disc are fixedly connected together under the elastic pressure of the disc spring assembly and cannot rotate around each other. The second frame cylinder and the third frame cylinder maintain a fixed angle of 150 degrees; the structures of other torque limiting hinges and the two components they are connected to are the same and will not be described again.

[0026] The rigidity of disc spring assemblies of the same dimensions is many times greater than that of traditional coil springs. When not subjected to significant external forces, the two components connected by the torque-limiting hinge can be considered rigidly connected. During normal testing, neither the left nor right detection assembly experiences significant external forces. However, in the event of a roof collapse, the slag and rock fragments collapsing from the rough roof of the tunnel will exert a significant force on either the left or right detection assembly. Under this external force, the second pinless disc and the third pin-loaded disc will rotate around the torque-limiting hinge axis. Simultaneously, the third torque-limiting pin will disengage from the second torque-limiting groove, and the second pinless disc will slide along the torque-limiting hinge axis against the elastic pressure of the disc spring assembly. This may prevent damage to the second and third frame cylinders. After troubleshooting, the second pinless disc and the third pin-loaded disc can be restored to their original positions and reused, avoiding significant losses. Other torque-limiting hinges also have the same protective function and will not be described again.

[0027] The present invention also includes a PLC programmable logic controller, wherein the frame cylinder, frame position switch, angle sensor, double-headed cylinder, detection position switch, swing cylinder and swing position switch are electrically connected to the PLC programmable logic controller.

[0028] The working process of this invention is as follows.

[0029] 1. After tunneling for about ten meters, stop tunneling; first clear the bottom surface of the tunnel near the sidewall on both sides of the area to be supported, and clear the walking path for the left and right rollers of this invention; in order to use this invention, during tunneling, consciously avoid piling up slag on the left and right sides, but pile it in the middle, which can reduce the amount of cleaning work.

[0030] 2. The invention, originally placed in the roadway with completed anchor spraying support, is moved to below the area to be supported and inspected. The left roller is at least 20 centimeters away from the rough surface of the left side of the roadway, and the right roller is at least 20 centimeters away from the rough surface of the right side of the roadway.

[0031] 3. All seven frame cylinders extend simultaneously until all seven frame position switches send a signal indicating that they are fully extended; the seven frame cylinders remain extended for an extended period. At this time, the left and right detection components are relatively large, and the seven frame cylinders are relatively close to the rough surface of the tunnel, but not in direct contact.

[0032] 4. Five swing cylinders drive five detection components to swing to the first position, until all five swing position switches send electrical signals. At this point, all five detection contacts of the five detection components are facing the rough surface of the tunnel. The five swing cylinders maintain this state for an extended period.

[0033] 5. The five double-headed cylinders of the five detection components drive their hollow double-headed pistons and detection rods to translate towards the rough surface of the tunnel. The detection contact of the detection rod stops moving due to resistance when it comes into contact with the rough surface of the tunnel, while the hollow double-headed piston continues to translate against the elastic force of the spring. When the double-headed cylinder reaches the end of its stroke, all five detection position switches send electrical signals, and the double-headed cylinder maintains this state for a long time; at this time, all components are in a stationary state.

[0034] 6. The five angle sensors of the five detection components collect data simultaneously, with the initial data collection defined as zero; calculation is performed every minute, taking the data collected in the previous five minutes, and calculating the difference between the maximum and minimum values. If the difference exceeds five millimeters, data collection is stopped, an alarm is issued, indicating a risk of roof collapse; upon receiving the alarm, workers must immediately take emergency support measures to prevent a larger-scale roof collapse accident.

[0035] If the top plate sinks, pushing the detection contact downwards, the detection rod drives the angle sensor to rotate through the detection gear. For every rotation of the input shaft of the angle sensor, the detection rod moves the detection gear by a distance of one circumference. The distance of the top plate sinking is calculated based on this pattern.

[0036] This step may take three or four hours, or seven or eight hours, or even longer.

[0037] 7. In the event of a roof fall, the collapsed slag and rock fragments at the top of the rough roadway will exert significant forces on either the left or right detection assembly. Under this external force, the second pinless disc and the third pin-loaded disc will rotate around the torque-limiting hinge axis. Simultaneously, the third torque-limiting pin will disengage from the second torque-limiting groove, and the second pinless disc will slide along the torque-limiting hinge axis against the elastic pressure of the disc spring assembly. This may prevent damage to the second and third frame cylinders. Other torque-limiting hinges also provide the same protective function and will not be described again.

[0038] 8. After the slag in the tunnel is cleaned up, the next step is to install support anchors and spray guns in this area. Manually stop data collection. First, move the five double-headed cylinders in the opposite direction, disengaging the detection contacts from the rough surface of the tunnel. Then, drive the five swing cylinders to swing the five detection components to the second position, with the axis of the double-headed cylinders and the connected frame cylinders parallel. The detection contacts are further away from the rough surface of the tunnel, and the detection components can effectively avoid the space within the arch of the left and right detection components, preventing interference and collision with objects in the tunnel. Then, retract all seven frame cylinders, and the left detection... The shapes of the left and right detection components are reduced in size and height. The contact positions of the left and right rollers with the bottom surface of the tunnel remain unchanged. The left and right detection components rotate at a certain angle around the axis of the unlimited torque hinge. The left and right detection components are relatively tilted and moved away from the rough surface of the tunnel. This facilitates the overall movement of the invention in the tunnel and avoids interference and friction with the rough surface of the tunnel. The system of the left and right detection components is still an arch shape. The items in the tunnel are below the arch shape. When the invention moves as a whole in the tunnel, it does not interfere or rub against the items in the tunnel.

[0039] The invention is pushed into the supported tunnel and stored therein, still maintaining its arch shape so as not to obstruct trains and personnel from passing underneath.

[0040] A control method for a device for detecting the deformation of the roof in the unsupported area at the roadway face includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. Seven frame cylinders extend simultaneously;

[0042] S2. Received electrical signals indicating that the seven frame position switches are in position;

[0043] S3. Five swing cylinders simultaneously drive five detection components to swing to the first position;

[0044] S4. Received electrical signals indicating that the five swing position switches are in position;

[0045] S5. Five double-headed cylinders simultaneously drive their hollow double-headed pistons and detection rods to move towards the rough surface of the tunnel.

[0046] S6. Received electrical signals indicating that the five detection position switches are in position;

[0047] S7. Angle sensor starts collecting data.

[0048] S8. Calculate once every minute, take the data collected in the previous five minutes, calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum values, if it exceeds five millimeters, issue an alarm, automatically stop collecting data, and go to step S10;

[0049] S9. Manually stop data collection;

[0050] S10. Five double-headed cylinders simultaneously drive their hollow double-headed pistons and detection rods to move backward toward the rough surface of the tunnel.

[0051] S11. Five swing cylinders simultaneously drive five detection components to swing to the second position;

[0052] S12. All seven frame cylinders retract simultaneously.

[0053] The beneficial effects of this invention are: it eliminates the need for multiple installations, allowing for multi-point detection with a single installation; the installation and usage steps are simple and time-saving, enabling rapid entry into the detection state and quick detection of impending roof collapse accidents, facilitating the implementation of appropriate emergency measures to mitigate or avoid the harm caused by the accident; this invention uses the tunnel floor as the installation reference to test points on the roof, accurately detecting the subsidence value even in the event of large-scale roof subsidence, avoiding underestimation of risk, and enabling timely and effective emergency measures to prevent further risk expansion.

[0054] This invention is not limited to using only five detection components; more detection components, such as six to ten, can be evenly distributed. Multi-point detection can capture more data on roof subsidence, and the detection structure is more accurate. It is not limited to using only one set of the device of this invention; multiple sets can be arranged along the longitudinal direction of the roadway to be supported. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 This is a front view of the top plate deformation detected in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 This is a front view of the roadway that was pushed into the supported roadway in Embodiment 1 of the present invention and stored therein;

[0057] Figure 3 This is the front view of the left detection component, showing its state during detection.

[0058] Figure 4 This is the front view of the right detection component, showing its state during detection.

[0059] Figure 5 This is a 3D structural diagram of the left detection component, in a stored state;

[0060] Figure 6 This is a 3D structural diagram of the right detection component, in a stored state;

[0061] Figure 7 yes Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along line AA, rotated to the positive orientation;

[0062] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the combination of the third frame cylinder and the third detection component;

[0063] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the third frame cylinder from a first-person perspective;

[0064] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the third frame cylinder from a second perspective;

[0065] Figure 11 This is a frontal partial cross-sectional view of the third detection component;

[0066] Figure 12 This is a frontal full sectional view of the third hollow double-ended piston;

[0067] Figure 13 This is a front view of the third detection rod;

[0068] Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the combination of the left inspection frame and the left roller;

[0069] Figure 15 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the right inspection frame and the right roller assembly;

[0070] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the control relationship of the control system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the control method in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0072] In the picture:

[0073] 1-Shotcrete surface of the tunnel; 2-Rough surface of the tunnel; 3-Items inside the tunnel; 4-Left detection component; 41-Left detection frame; 42-Left roller; 5-Right detection component; 51-Right detection frame; 52-Right roller;

[0074] 61-First frame cylinder; 62-Second frame cylinder; 6214-Second pinless disc; 6217-Second torque limiting groove; 6218-Second pinless disc hole; 622-Second detection component; 63-Third frame cylinder; 6311-Third pin-bearing disc; 6312-Third hexagonal piston rod; 6313-Third frame cylinder body; 6314-Third pinless disc; 6315-Third torque limiting pin; 6316-Third pin-bearing disc hole; 6317-Third torque limiting groove; 6318-Third pinless disc hole; 6319-Third frame position switch; 632-Third detection component; 6321-Third detection cylinder body; 63211-Third cylinder fixing hole; 6322-Third hollow double-ended piston; 63221-Third piston; 63222-Third piston center hole ; 63223-Third gear clearance groove; 6323-Third detection rod; 63231-Third detection contact; 63232-Third gear tooth; 63233-Third rear protrusion; 63234-Third front protrusion; 6324-Third spring; 6325-Third detection gear; 6326-Third angle sensor; 6327-Third detection position switch; 633-Third swing cylinder; 6331-Third swing position switch; 64-Fourth frame cylinder; 642-Fourth detection component; 65-Fifth frame cylinder; 652-Fifth detection component; 66-Sixth frame cylinder; 662-Sixth detection component; 67-Seventh frame cylinder; 6814-Eighth pinless disc; 6817-Eighth torque limiting groove; 6818-Eighth pinless disc hole;

[0075] 71-First torque limiting hinge; 72-Second torque limiting hinge; 721-Torque limiting hinge shaft; 722-Disc spring assembly; 723-Adjusting nut; 73-Third torque limiting hinge; 74-Fourth torque limiting hinge; 75-Fifth torque limiting hinge; 76-Sixth torque limiting hinge; 8-Unlimited torque hinge; 81-Left hinge hole; 82-Right hinge hole. Detailed Implementation

[0076] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0077] Example 1: A device for detecting the deformation of the roof in the roadway facing area awaiting support, such as... Figures 1-15As shown, it includes a left detection component 4 and a right detection component 5; the left detection component 4 and the right detection component 5 are each half-arched, the upper right end of the left detection component 4 is provided with a left hinge hole 81, and the upper left end of the right detection component 5 is provided with a right hinge hole 82. The left hinge hole 81 and the right hinge hole 82 are combined to form a torque-free hinge 8; the torque-free hinge 8 is a hinge that can rotate freely and has low resistance.

[0078] The lower left end of the left detection component 4 is provided with a left detection frame 41 and two left rollers 42. The two left rollers 42 are respectively connected to the left detection frame 41 through a rotating pair. The axis lines of the two left rollers 42 are respectively set along the left and right directions. The two left rollers 42 roll on the bottom surface of the tunnel.

[0079] The lower right end of the right detection component 5 is provided with a right detection frame 51 and two right rollers 52. The two right rollers 52 are respectively connected to the right detection frame 51 through a rotating joint. The axis lines of the two right rollers 52 are respectively set along the left and right directions. The two right rollers 52 roll on the bottom surface of the tunnel. The left detection component 4 and the right detection component 5 form an arch, that is, a detection component arch. The radius of the semi-circular arc side at the top of the arch is slightly smaller than the radius of the semi-circular arc side at the top of the rough surface 2 of the tunnel.

[0080] This embodiment also includes five detection components; the five detection components refer to the second detection component 622, the third detection component 632, the fourth detection component 642, the fifth detection component 652, and the sixth detection component 662, which have the same structure.

[0081] The third detection component 632 includes a third detection cylinder 6321, a third hollow double-ended piston 6322, a third detection rod 6323, a third spring 6324, a third detection gear 6325, and a third angle sensor 6326;

[0082] The third detection cylinder 6321 has an inner cylindrical surface with openings at both ends; the third hollow double-ended piston 6322 includes a third piston 63221 with piston rods at both ends; the third detection cylinder 6321 and the third hollow double-ended piston 6322 form a double-ended cylinder; the third detection cylinder 6321 is connected to the left detection component 4; the axis of the third hollow double-ended piston 6322 intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component;

[0083] The third hollow double-ended piston 6322 has a third piston central hole 63222 in the middle. The outer cylindrical surface of the third detection rod 6323 is in sliding fit with the third piston central hole 63222. The sliding direction of the third detection rod 6323 is parallel to the axis of the third hollow double-ended piston 6322.

[0084] The third detection rod 6323 has a third detection contact 63231 and a third front protrusion 63234 at one end away from the center line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component, and a third gear tooth 63232 and a third rear protrusion 63233 at the other end.

[0085] The third hollow double-ended piston 6322 has a third gear clearance groove 63223 at one end near the center line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; the housing of the third angle sensor 6326 is fixedly connected to the third hollow double-ended piston 6322, the third detection gear 6325 is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the third angle sensor 6326, the third detection gear 6325 is in the third gear clearance groove 63223, and the third detection gear 6325 meshes with the third gear teeth 63232; the third spring 6324 is sleeved on the third detection rod 6323, the first end of the third spring 6324 presses against the third front protrusion 63234, and the second end presses against the end of the third hollow double-ended piston 6322 away from the center line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; the five detection components each include an angle sensor and a detection gear.

[0086] Similarly, the second detection component 622, the fourth detection component 642, the fifth detection component 652, and the sixth detection component 662 each include a detection cylinder; the detection cylinders of the second detection component 622 and the fourth detection component 642 are fixedly connected to the left detection component 4, and the detection cylinders of the fifth detection component 652 and the sixth detection component 662 are fixedly connected to the right detection component 5; the second detection component 622, the fourth detection component 642, the fifth detection component 652, and the sixth detection component 662 all include a hollow double-ended piston, the center lines of which all intersect perpendicularly with the center line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; the five detection components are evenly distributed on the upper semicircle of the arch of the detection component.

[0087] The third detection component 632 also includes a third detection position switch 6327, which is mounted on the third detection cylinder 6321. When the third piston 63221 moves to the end furthest from the center line of the arched semi-circular arc of the detection component, an electrical signal is generated. A magnet is installed inside the third piston 63221. The third detection position switch 6327 is a CS1-E type position sensor switch, which is used in the ACED80×200S+CS1-E-1 double-headed cylinder manufactured by Airtac International Group. The other four detection components also include detection position switches, which are mounted on their respective detection cylinders and will not be described in detail here.

[0088] The connection between the third detection cylinder 6321 and the left detection assembly 4, the connection between the detection cylinders of the second detection assembly 622 and the fourth detection assembly 642 and the left detection assembly 4, and the connection between the detection cylinders of the fifth detection assembly 652 and the sixth detection assembly 662 and the right detection assembly 5, as described above, refers to their connection via a swing cylinder; the swing cylinders refer to the third swing cylinder 633, the second swing cylinder, the fourth swing cylinder, the fifth swing cylinder, and the sixth swing cylinder; the outer shell of the third swing cylinder 633 and the left... The detection component 4 is fixedly connected, and the output shaft of the third swing cylinder 633 is fixedly connected to the third detection cylinder 6321; the axis of the output shaft of the third swing cylinder 633 is parallel to the axis of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; the swing angle of the third swing cylinder 633 is 90 degrees, and the third swing cylinder 633 drives the third detection component 632 to switch between two positions. When in the first position, as described above, the axis of the third hollow double-headed piston 6322 and the axis of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component intersect perpendicularly; when in the second position, as described above... Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the axis of the third hollow double-headed piston 6322 is spatially opposite to and perpendicular to the axis of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; the connection of other detection components and corresponding swing cylinders is the same as that of the third detection component 632 and the third swing cylinder 633, and will not be described again. When all detection components are in the second position, their respective detection contacts no longer extend towards the rough surface 2 of the tunnel. The shape of this embodiment is relatively small, and it will not rub or collide with the rough surface 2 of the tunnel when moving longitudinally in the tunnel, which facilitates movement.

[0089] Each of the five swing cylinders described above is also equipped with a swing position switch, which generates an electrical signal when the swing cylinder drives the detection component to swing to the first position; for example, Figure 8 As shown, a third swing position switch 6331 is provided on the third swing cylinder 633. When the third swing cylinder 633 drives the third detection component 632 to swing to the first position, an electrical signal is generated.

[0090] The left detection component 4 and right detection component 5 described above are not merely simple structural parts, but complex mechanical structures whose shapes can retract. Specifically, the left detection component 4 includes four frame cylinders: a first frame cylinder 61, a second frame cylinder 62, a third frame cylinder 63, and a fourth frame cylinder 64; the right detection component 5 includes three frame cylinders: a fifth frame cylinder 65, a sixth frame cylinder 66, and a seventh frame cylinder 67. The first end of the first frame cylinder 61 is fixedly connected to the left detection frame 41; the second end of the first frame cylinder 61 is connected to the first end of the second frame cylinder 62 via a first torque-limiting hinge 71; the second end of the second frame cylinder 62 is connected to the first end of the third frame cylinder 63 via a second torque-limiting hinge 72; and the second end of the third frame cylinder 63 is connected to the first end of the fourth frame cylinder 64 via a third torque-limiting hinge 73. A left hinge hole 81 is provided. The second end of the fourth frame cylinder 64; the right hinge hole 82 is located at the first end of the fifth frame cylinder 65; the second end of the fifth frame cylinder 65 and the first end of the sixth frame cylinder 66 are connected by the fourth torque limiting hinge 74; the second end of the sixth frame cylinder 66 and the first end of the seventh frame cylinder 67 are connected by the fifth torque limiting hinge 75; the second end of the right detection frame 51 and the second end of the seventh frame cylinder 67 are connected by the sixth torque limiting hinge 76; the seven frame cylinders surround a detection component arch that is approximately semi-circular; the fixed connection between the outer shell of the third swing cylinder 633 and the left detection component 4 means that the outer shell of the third swing cylinder 633 and the cylinder body of the third frame cylinder 63 are fixedly connected; the outer shells of the remaining second swing cylinder, fourth swing cylinder, fifth swing cylinder and sixth swing cylinder are also fixedly connected to the cylinder bodies of the second frame cylinder 62, fourth frame cylinder 64, fifth frame cylinder 65 and sixth frame cylinder 66, respectively.When the seven frame cylinders extend, the left detection component 4 and the right detection component 5 are each considered as a rigid body, forming a balanced system under the support and friction of the tunnel floor, remaining stationary. When the seven frame cylinders retract completely, the left detection component 4 and the right detection component 5 are still considered as rigid bodies. The shapes and heights of the left detection component 4 and the right detection component 5 decrease, while the contact positions of the left roller 42 and the right roller 52 with the tunnel floor remain unchanged. The left detection component 4 and the right detection component 5 rotate a certain angle around the axis of the unlimited torque hinge 8. The measuring components 5 are relatively tilted and moved away from the rough surface 2 of the tunnel, which facilitates the overall movement of this embodiment in the tunnel and avoids interference and friction with the rough surface 2. The left and right measuring components 4 and 5 are still considered as rigid bodies, forming a balanced system under the support and friction of the tunnel bottom, and remaining stationary. The combination of the left and right measuring components 4 and 5 is still an arch shape, with the items 3 in the tunnel below the arch. This embodiment does not interfere with or rub against the items 3 in the tunnel when moving as a whole in the tunnel. The items 3 in the tunnel refer to stationary items in the tunnel, such as tunneling machines, rows of mine cars, and piles of slag. The seven frame cylinders mentioned above are hexagonal piston rod non-rotating cylinders, in which the piston rod does not rotate within the cylinder body. SMC (China) Co., Ltd. manufactures this type of cylinder.

[0091] The frame cylinders also include a frame cylinder body and a frame position switch. The frame position switch is mounted on the corresponding frame cylinder body, and generates an electrical signal when the frame cylinder is fully extended. Figure 8 As shown, the third frame cylinder 63 also includes a third frame cylinder body 6313 and a third frame position switch 6319. The third frame position switch 6319 is mounted on the third frame cylinder body 6313. When the third frame cylinder 63 is fully extended or retracted, the third frame position switch 6319 generates an electrical signal.

[0092] The first torque limiting hinge 71, the second torque limiting hinge 72, the third torque limiting hinge 73, the fourth torque limiting hinge 74, the fifth torque limiting hinge 75, and the sixth torque limiting hinge 76 have the same structure and are collectively referred to as torque limiting hinges; the second torque limiting hinge 72 includes a torque limiting hinge shaft 721, a disc spring assembly 722, and an adjusting nut 723; the first end of the third frame cylinder 63 is provided with a third pin-loaded disc 6311, on which a protruding third torque limiting pin 6315 is embedded, the protruding cylindrical arc surface of the third torque limiting pin 6315 being less than 180 degrees; the third pin-loaded disc 6311 is also provided with a third pin-loaded disc hole 6316; the second end of the third frame cylinder 63 is provided with a third pinless disc 6314, on which a recessed third torque limiting groove 6317 is provided; the third pinless disc 6314 is also provided with a third pinless disc hole 6318.

[0093] Similar to the second end of the third frame cylinder 63, the second end of the second frame cylinder 62 is provided with a second pinless disc 6214, on which a recessed second torque limiting groove 6217 is provided; the second pinless disc 6214 is also provided with a second pinless disc hole 6218; the second pinless disc 6214 and the third pin-loaded disc 6311 are close together, and the third torque limiting pin 6315 is embedded in the second torque limiting groove 6217. The second pinless disc hole 6218, the third pin-loaded disc hole 6316, and the disc spring assembly 722 are the same. The moment-limiting hinge shaft 721 is threaded onto the moment-limiting hinge shaft 721. The first end of the moment-limiting hinge shaft 721 has a protrusion. The second end of the moment-limiting hinge shaft 721 is connected to the adjusting nut 723 through a threaded pair. When the adjusting nut 723 is tightened, the second pinless disc 6214 and the third pin-bearing disc 6311 are fixedly connected together under the elastic pressure of the disc spring assembly 722 and cannot rotate around each other. The second frame cylinder 62 and the third frame cylinder 63 are kept at a fixed angle of 150 degrees. The structures of other moment-limiting hinges and the two components they are connected to are the same and will not be described again.

[0094] The rigidity of the disc spring assembly of the same size is many times greater than that of the traditional coil spring. When not subjected to a large external force, the two components connected by the torque limiting hinge can be considered to be rigidly connected. During normal testing, neither the left detection component 4 nor the right detection component 5 will be subjected to a large external force. In the event of a roof fall, the slag and rock blocks that collapse at the top of the rough surface 2 of the roadway will exert a large force on either the left detection component 4 or the right detection component 5. Under the action of the external force, the second pinless disc 6214 and the third pin-loaded disc 6311 will rotate around the torque limiting hinge axis 721. At the same time, the third torque limiting pin 6315 will disengage from the second torque limiting groove 6217, and the second pinless disc 6214 will slide along the torque limiting hinge axis 721 against the elastic pressure of the disc spring assembly 722. In this way, the second frame cylinder 62 and the third frame cylinder 63 may be spared from damage. After the fault is cleared, the positions of the second pinless disc 6214 and the third pin-loaded disc 6311 can be restored, and they can still be used, avoiding significant losses. The other torque-limiting hinges also have the same protective function, which will not be described again.

[0095] This embodiment also includes a PLC programmable logic controller, and the frame cylinder, frame position switch, angle sensor, double-headed cylinder, detection position switch, swing cylinder and swing position switch are electrically connected to the PLC programmable logic controller.

[0096] The working process of this embodiment is as follows.

[0097] 1. After tunneling for about ten meters, stop tunneling; first clear the bottom surface of the tunnel near the sidewall on both sides of the area to be supported, and clear the walking path for the left roller 42 and right roller 52 in this embodiment; in order to use this embodiment, during tunneling, you should consciously avoid piling up the slag on the left and right sides, but pile it in the middle, which can reduce the amount of cleaning work.

[0098] 2. In this embodiment, which was originally placed in the roadway with completed anchor spraying support, the roller is moved to the area below the area to be supported and inspected. The left roller 42 is at least 20 centimeters away from the rough surface 2 of the left roadway, and the right roller 52 is at least 20 centimeters away from the rough surface 2 of the right roadway.

[0099] 3. All seven frame cylinders extend simultaneously until all seven frame position switches send a signal indicating that they have been fully extended; the seven frame cylinders remain extended for an extended period. At this time, the left detection component 4 and the right detection component 5 are relatively large, and the seven frame cylinders are relatively close to the rough surface 2 of the tunnel, but not in direct contact.

[0100] 4. Five swing cylinders drive five detection components to swing to the first position, until all five swing position switches send electrical signals. At this time, all five detection contacts of the five detection components are facing the rough surface 2 of the tunnel. The five swing cylinders maintain this state for an extended period.

[0101] 5. The five double-headed cylinders of the five detection components drive their hollow double-headed pistons and detection rods to translate towards the rough surface 2 of the tunnel. The detection contact of the detection rod stops moving due to resistance when it comes into contact with the rough surface 2 of the tunnel, while the hollow double-headed piston continues to translate over the elastic force of the spring. When the double-headed cylinder reaches the end of its stroke, all five detection position switches send electrical signals, and the double-headed cylinder maintains this state for a long time; at this time, all components are in a stationary state.

[0102] 6. The five angle sensors of the five detection components collect data simultaneously, with the initial data collection defined as zero; calculation is performed every minute, taking the data collected in the previous five minutes, and calculating the difference between the maximum and minimum values. If the difference exceeds five millimeters, data collection is stopped, an alarm is issued, indicating a risk of roof collapse; upon receiving the alarm, workers must immediately take emergency support measures to prevent a larger-scale roof collapse accident.

[0103] The angle sensor mentioned refers to the VTD82R10 axial 4-turn angle sensor manufactured by Shanxi Weitesen Technology Co., Ltd. If the top plate sinks, pushing the detection contact downwards, the detection rod drives the angle sensor to rotate via the detection gear. Each rotation of the angle sensor's input shaft moves the detection rod by the distance of one circumference of the detection gear. This pattern is used to calculate the distance the top plate sinks. The detection gear has a module of 1.5 and 16 teeth; each rotation moves the detection rod by 1.5 * 16 * π millimeters.

[0104] This step may take three or four hours, or seven or eight hours, or even longer.

[0105] In the event of a roof collapse, the slag and rock fragments collapsing from the top of the rough surface 2 of the roadway will exert a significant force on the left detection component 4 or the right detection component 5. Under the action of this external force, the second pinless disc 6214 and the third pin-loaded disc 6311 will rotate around the torque-limiting hinge axis 721. Simultaneously, the third torque-limiting pin 6315 will disengage from the second torque-limiting groove 6217, and the second pinless disc 6214 will slide along the torque-limiting hinge axis 721, overcoming the elastic pressure of the disc spring assembly 722. This may prevent the second frame cylinder 62 and the third frame cylinder 63 from being damaged. The other torque-limiting hinges also have the same protective function, which will not be described again.

[0106] 7. After the slag in the tunnel is cleaned up, the next step is to support and anchor the area with spray. Manually stop data collection. First, move the five double-headed cylinders in the opposite direction, disengaging the detection contacts from the rough surface 2 of the tunnel. Then, simultaneously drive the five swing cylinders to swing the five detection components to the second position, with the axis lines of the double-headed cylinders and the connected frame cylinders parallel. The detection contacts are further away from the rough surface 2 of the tunnel, and the detection components can effectively avoid the space within the arch of the left detection component 4 and the right detection component 5, preventing interference and collision with objects 3 in the tunnel. Then, retract all seven frame cylinders, moving the left detection component 4 and the right detection component 5 further away from the rough surface 2 of the tunnel. The shape of the measuring component 5 is reduced in size and height. The contact positions of the left roller 42 and the right roller 52 with the bottom surface of the tunnel remain unchanged. The left detection component 4 and the right detection component 5 rotate a certain angle around the axis of the unlimited torque hinge 8. The left detection component 4 and the right detection component 5 are relatively tilted and moved away from the rough surface 2 of the tunnel. This facilitates the overall movement of this embodiment in the tunnel and avoids interference and friction with the rough surface 2 of the tunnel. The system of the left detection component 4 and the right detection component 5 is still an arch shape. The item 3 in the tunnel is below the arch shape. This embodiment does not interfere or rub with the item 3 in the tunnel when it moves as a whole in the tunnel.

[0107] 8. Push this embodiment into the supported tunnel for storage, maintaining the arch shape so as not to obstruct trains and personnel from passing under the arch.

[0108] Example 2, a control method for a device for detecting the deformation of the roof in the roadway facing area, comprising the following steps:

[0109] S1. Seven frame cylinders extend simultaneously;

[0110] S2. Received electrical signals indicating that the seven frame position switches are in position;

[0111] S3. Five swing cylinders drive five detection components to swing to the first position respectively;

[0112] S4. Received electrical signals indicating that the five swing position switches are in position;

[0113] S5. Five double-headed cylinders respectively drive their hollow double-headed pistons and detection rods to translate towards the rough surface 2 of the tunnel;

[0114] S6. Received electrical signals indicating that the five detection position switches are in position;

[0115] S7. The angle sensor begins collecting data;

[0116] S8. Calculate once every minute, take the data collected in the previous five minutes, calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum values, if it exceeds five millimeters, issue an alarm, automatically stop collecting data, and go to step S10;

[0117] S9. Manually stop data collection;

[0118] S10. Five double-headed cylinders respectively drive their hollow double-headed pistons and detection rods to translate away from the rough surface 2 of the roadway;

[0119] S11. Five swing cylinders simultaneously drive five detection components to swing to the second position;

[0120] S12. All seven frame cylinders retract.

[0121] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of this invention and its equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the deformation of the roof in the face-to-face support area of ​​a roadway, comprising a left detection component (4) and a right detection component (5); characterized in that: The left detection component (4) and the right detection component (5) are each half of an arch. The upper right end of the left detection component (4) is provided with a left hinge hole (81), and the upper left end of the right detection component (5) is provided with a right hinge hole (82). The left hinge hole (81) and the right hinge hole (82) are combined to form an unlimited torque hinge (8). The lower left end of the left detection component (4) is provided with a left detection frame (41) and two left rollers (42). The two left rollers (42) are connected to the left detection frame (41) through a rotating pair, and the axis lines of the two left rollers (42) are respectively set along the left and right directions. The lower right end of the right detection component (5) is provided with a right detection frame (51) and two right rollers (52). The two right rollers (52) are connected to the right detection frame (51) through a rotating joint. The axis lines of the two right rollers (52) are respectively set along the left and right directions. The left detection component (4) and the right detection component (5) form an arch, that is, the detection component arch. The radius of the semi-circular arc side at the top of the arch is slightly smaller than the radius of the semi-circular arc side at the top of the rough surface (2) of the roadway. It also includes five detection components; the five detection components refer to the second detection component (622), the third detection component (632), the fourth detection component (642), the fifth detection component (652) and the sixth detection component (662) with the same structure. The third detection component (632) includes a third detection cylinder (6321), a third hollow double-ended piston (6322), a third detection rod (6323), a third spring (6324), a third detection gear (6325), and a third angle sensor (6326). The third hollow double-ended piston (6322) includes a third piston (63221), a third detection cylinder (6321), and the third hollow double-ended piston (6322) forming a double-ended cylinder; the third detection cylinder (6321) is connected to the left detection component (4), and the axis of the third hollow double-ended piston (6322) intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; The third hollow double-ended piston (6322) has a third piston central hole (63222) in the middle. The outer cylindrical surface of the third detection rod (6323) is in sliding fit with the third piston central hole (63222). The sliding direction of the third detection rod (6323) is parallel to the axis of the third hollow double-ended piston (6322). The third detection rod (6323) has a third detection contact (63231) and a third front protrusion (63234) at one end away from the center line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component, and a third gear tooth (63232) and a third rear protrusion (63233) at the other end. The third hollow double-ended piston (6322) has a third gear clearance groove (63223) at one end near the center line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; the housing of the third angle sensor (6326) is fixedly connected to the third hollow double-ended piston (6322), the third detection gear (6325) is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the third angle sensor (6326), the third detection gear (6325) is in the third gear clearance groove (63223), and the third detection gear (6325) meshes with the third gear teeth (63232); the third spring (6324) is sleeved on the third detection rod (6323), the first end of the third spring (6324) presses against the third front protrusion (63234), and the second end presses against the end of the third hollow double-ended piston (6322) away from the center line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; the five detection components each include an angle sensor and a detection gear; Similarly, the second detection component (622), the fourth detection component (642), the fifth detection component (652), and the sixth detection component (662) each include a detection cylinder; the detection cylinders of the second detection component (622) and the fourth detection component (642) are fixedly connected to the left detection component (4), and the detection cylinders of the fifth detection component (652) and the sixth detection component (662) are fixedly connected to the right detection component (5); the second detection component (622), the fourth detection component (642), the fifth detection component (652), and the sixth detection component (662) all include a hollow double-headed piston, whose axis lines all intersect perpendicularly with the axis line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; the five detection components are evenly distributed on the upper semicircle of the arch of the detection component.

2. The device for detecting the deformation of the roof in the roadway facing area as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The third detection component (632) also includes a third detection position switch (6327), which is installed on the third detection cylinder (6321). When the third piston (63221) moves to one end away from the center line of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component, an electrical signal is generated. The other four detection components also include detection position switches, which are installed on the corresponding detection cylinders.

3. The device for detecting the deformation of the roof in the roadway facing area awaiting support as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The connection between the third detection cylinder (6321) and the left detection assembly (4), the connection between the detection cylinders of the second detection assembly (622) and the fourth detection assembly (642) and the left detection assembly (4), and the connection between the detection cylinders of the fifth detection assembly (652) and the sixth detection assembly (662) and the right detection assembly (5) are respectively connected through a swing cylinder; the swing cylinders refer to the third swing cylinder (633), the second swing cylinder, the fourth swing cylinder, the fifth swing cylinder, and the sixth swing cylinder; the outer shell of the third swing cylinder (633) is fixedly connected to the left detection assembly (4), and the output shaft of the third swing cylinder (633) is connected to the third detection cylinder (6321). The third swing cylinder (633) is fixedly connected; the output shaft centerline of the third swing cylinder (633) is parallel to the centerline of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component; the swing angle of the third swing cylinder (633) is 90 degrees, and the third swing cylinder (633) drives the third detection component (632) to switch between two positions. When in the first position, the centerline of the third hollow double-headed piston (6322) and the centerline of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component are perpendicularly intersecting; when in the second position, the centerline of the third hollow double-headed piston (6322) and the centerline of the arched semicircular arc of the detection component are spatially skewed and perpendicular; the connection of other detection components and corresponding swing cylinders is the same as the connection of the third detection component (632) and the third swing cylinder (633).

4. The device for detecting the deformation of the roof in the roadway facing area awaiting support as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Each of the five swing cylinders is also equipped with a swing position switch, which generates an electrical signal when the swing cylinder drives the detection component to swing to the first position.

5. The device for detecting the deformation of the roof in the roadway facing area awaiting support as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The left detection assembly (4) further includes four frame cylinders, namely a first frame cylinder (61), a second frame cylinder (62), a third frame cylinder (63), and a fourth frame cylinder (64); the right detection assembly (5) further includes three frame cylinders, namely a fifth frame cylinder (65), a sixth frame cylinder (66), and a seventh frame cylinder (67); the first end of the first frame cylinder (61) is fixedly connected to the left detection frame (41); the second end of the first frame cylinder (61) and the first end of the second frame cylinder (62) are connected by a first torque limiting hinge (71); the second end of the second frame cylinder (62) and the first end of the third frame cylinder (63) are connected by a second torque limiting hinge (72); the second end of the third frame cylinder (63) and the first end of the fourth frame cylinder (64) are connected by a third torque limiting hinge (73); a left hinge hole (81) is provided at the second end of the fourth frame cylinder (64); a right hinge hole (82) is provided at the second end of the fourth frame cylinder (64). The first end of the fifth frame cylinder (65) is set; the second end of the fifth frame cylinder (65) and the first end of the sixth frame cylinder (66) are connected by the fourth torque limiting hinge (74); the second end of the sixth frame cylinder (66) and the first end of the seventh frame cylinder (67) are connected by the fifth torque limiting hinge (75); the second end of the right detection frame (51) and the seventh frame cylinder (67) are connected by the sixth torque limiting hinge (76); the seven frame cylinders are arranged in an arch shape of a detection component that is approximately semi-circular; the outer shell of the third swing cylinder (633) and the left detection component (4) are fixedly connected, which means that the outer shell of the third swing cylinder (633) and the cylinder body of the third frame cylinder (63) are fixedly connected; the outer shells of the remaining second swing cylinder, fourth swing cylinder, fifth swing cylinder and sixth swing cylinder are also fixedly connected to the cylinder bodies of the second frame cylinder (62), fourth frame cylinder (64), fifth frame cylinder (65) and sixth frame cylinder (66) respectively.

6. The device for detecting the deformation of the roof in the roadway facing area awaiting support as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The frame cylinders also include a frame cylinder body and a frame position switch. The frame position switch is installed on the corresponding frame cylinder body. When the frame cylinder is fully extended, the frame position switch generates an electrical signal.

7. The device for detecting the deformation of the roof in the roadway facing area awaiting support as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The first torque limiting hinge (71), the second torque limiting hinge (72), the third torque limiting hinge (73), the fourth torque limiting hinge (74), the fifth torque limiting hinge (75), and the sixth torque limiting hinge (76) have the same structure and are collectively referred to as torque limiting hinges; the second torque limiting hinge (72) includes a torque limiting hinge shaft (721), a disc spring assembly (722), and an adjusting nut (723); the first end of the third frame cylinder (63) is provided with a third pin disc (6311), and a protruding third torque limiting pin (6315) is embedded on the third pin disc (6311), the protruding cylindrical arc surface of the third torque limiting pin (6315) is less than (180) degrees; the third pin disc (6311) is also provided with a third pin disc hole (6316). The second end of the second frame cylinder (62) is provided with a second pinless disc (6214), and the second pinless disc (6214) is provided with a recessed second torque limiting groove (6217); the second pinless disc (6214) is also provided with a second pinless disc hole (6218); the second pinless disc (6214) and the third pin-loaded disc (6311) are close together, and the third torque limiting pin (6315) is embedded in the second torque limiting groove (6217). The second pinless disc hole (6218), the third pin-loaded disc hole (6316), and the disc spring assembly (72) 2) Simultaneously, it is threaded onto the torque limiting hinge shaft (721). The first end of the torque limiting hinge shaft (721) is provided with a protrusion. The second end of the torque limiting hinge shaft (721) is connected to the adjusting nut (723) through a threaded pair. When the adjusting nut (723) is tightened, the second pinless disc (6214) and the third pin-bearing disc (6311) are fixedly connected together under the elastic pressure of the disc spring assembly (722). The second frame cylinder (62) and the third frame cylinder (63) are kept at an angle of 150 degrees. The structures of other torque limiting hinges and the two components connected to them are the same.

8. The device for detecting the deformation of the roof in the roadway facing area awaiting support as described in claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a PLC programmable logic controller, and the frame cylinder, frame position switch, angle sensor, double-headed cylinder, detection position switch, swing cylinder and swing position switch are electrically connected to the PLC programmable logic controller.

9. A control method for the detection device for roof deformation in the roadway facing area as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Seven frame cylinders extend simultaneously; S2. Received electrical signals indicating that the seven frame position switches are in position; S3. Five swing cylinders drive five detection components to swing to the first position respectively; S4. Received electrical signals indicating that the five swing position switches are in position; S5. The five double-headed cylinders of the five detection components drive their hollow double-headed pistons and detection rods to translate toward the rough surface of the roadway (2); S6. Received electrical signals indicating that the five detection position switches are in position; S7. The angle sensor begins collecting data; S8. Calculate once every minute, take the data collected in the previous five minutes, calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum values, if it exceeds five millimeters, issue an alarm, automatically stop collecting data, and go to step S10; S9. Manually stop data collection; S10. The five double-headed cylinders of the five detection components simultaneously drive their hollow double-headed pistons and detection rods to translate away from the rough surface of the roadway (2); S11. Five swing cylinders simultaneously drive five detection components to swing to the second position; S12. All seven frame cylinders retract simultaneously.

Images