A signal monitoring device for a circuit

Abstract

This application discloses a signal monitoring device for a circuit, comprising: a voltage monitoring component, a current monitoring component, a threshold voltage adjustment component, and a controller; a first comparator and a second comparator; the output terminals of the first and second comparators are connected to the input terminal of the controller; the controller receives the output results of the first and second comparators, and controls the first and second threshold voltages output by the threshold voltage adjustment component according to the output results to obtain the electrical signal monitoring results of the measured component. The electrical signal monitoring results include the peak value of the voltage signal, and / or the rate of change of the voltage signal, and / or the peak value of the current signal, and / or the rate of change of the current signal, and / or the resistance value of the measured component, and / or the rate of change of the resistance value of the measured component, and / or the change of the electrical characteristics of the measured component. This solution monitors the electrical signals of the measured component in the circuit online without the need for additional excitation signals, resulting in low complexity and low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electrical signal monitoring, and in particular to a signal monitoring device for a circuit. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the demand for monitoring electrical signals in electrical circuits is multifaceted, but existing monitoring methods cannot meet the increasingly demanding requirements. Taking grounding resistance monitoring as an example, electrical circuits have specific requirements for grounding resistance values. Poor grounding can cause instrument malfunctions, equipment damage, and personal injury. Currently, the most common method for measuring grounding resistance is to use a grounding resistance meter to measure the resistance of the grounding circuit.

[0003] The grounding resistance measuring instrument mainly consists of a hand-cranked generator, a current transformer, a potentiometer, and a galvanometer. Before measuring the grounding resistance, the connection point between the grounding main line and the grounding electrode needs to be disconnected. One probe is inserted into the ground 40m away from the grounding electrode, and the other probe is inserted into the ground 20m away from the grounding electrode, with the two probes arranged in a straight line with the grounding electrode. The probes are inserted into the ground to a depth of 40cm. When the crank is turned at a certain speed, the meter can generate an AC voltage of a certain frequency. This AC voltage, when applied to the grounding electrode, will generate a corresponding current. At this time, the current can be sensed by the current transformer and monitored by the galvanometer.

[0004] Similar to the grounding resistance measurement methods described above, existing electrical signal monitoring solutions require connecting grounding resistance meters and other testing equipment to the relevant circuits. During the measurement process, these circuits must be inactive, making online monitoring impossible and impacting equipment efficiency. The principle of resistance meters and similar measuring devices is based on Ohm's law: resistance equals the quotient of the voltage applied across the resistor and the current flowing through it. Therefore, an excitation signal is required to utilize Ohm's law during measurement. However, in online operation, the excitation signal may interfere with the circuitry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to provide an electrical circuit monitoring device to address the problems existing in the monitoring schemes for electrical circuits in the prior art.

[0006] Therefore, this application proposes a signal monitoring device for a circuit, comprising:

[0007] A voltage monitoring component is connected to the first end of the component under test, receives the voltage signal from the component under test, and converts the voltage signal into a first voltage signal;

[0008] A current monitoring component is connected to the second terminal of the measured element, receives the current signal of the measured element, and converts the current signal into a second voltage signal;

[0009] A threshold voltage regulating component, the control terminal of which is connected to a controller, under the control of the controller, outputs a first threshold voltage at its first terminal and a second threshold voltage at its second terminal;

[0010] A first comparator has its first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the voltage monitoring component, and its second input terminal connected to the first terminal of the threshold voltage adjustment component.

[0011] The second comparator has its first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the current monitoring component, and its second input terminal connected to the second terminal of the threshold voltage adjustment component.

[0012] The outputs of the first comparator and the second comparator are connected to the input of the controller;

[0013] The controller receives the output results of the first comparator and the second comparator, and controls the first threshold voltage and / or the second threshold voltage output by the threshold voltage adjustment component according to the output results; the controller also obtains the electrical signal monitoring results of the measured element according to the output results, the electrical signal monitoring results including the peak value of the voltage signal, and / or the rate of change of the voltage signal, and / or the peak value of the current signal, and / or the rate of change of the current signal, and / or the resistance value of the measured element, and / or the rate of change of the resistance value of the measured element, and / or the change of the electrical characteristics of the measured element.

[0014] The signal monitoring device for the circuit described in some solutions includes a current monitoring component comprising:

[0015] A current transformer, wherein the second end of the measured element is led out through a conductor, the conductor passes through the current transformer, and the current transformer converts the current signal passing through the conductor into an induced current;

[0016] A sampling resistor is used, and the voltage across the sampling resistor is used as the second voltage signal after the induced current flows through it.

[0017] or,

[0018] A closed-loop Hall sensor, wherein the second end of the measured element is led out through a conductor, the conductor passes through the closed-loop Hall sensor, and an induced current is generated on the closed-loop Hall sensor;

[0019] An amplifier that receives and amplifies the induced current from the closed-loop Hall sensor;

[0020] The sampling resistor is used as the second voltage signal after the induced current amplified by the amplifier flows through it.

[0021] or,

[0022] A Rogowski coil, wherein the second end of the measured element is led out through a conductor, the conductor passes through the Rogowski coil, and the Rogowski coil detects the current signal passing through the conductor;

[0023] The integrator receives the current signal output by the Rogowski coil and outputs the second voltage signal corresponding to the current signal.

[0024] In some solutions, the signal monitoring device for the circuit includes a threshold voltage adjustment component comprising:

[0025] A first adjustable resistor and / or a second adjustable resistor, wherein the voltage across the first adjustable resistor is used as a first threshold voltage; the voltage across the second adjustable resistor is used as a second threshold voltage; the controller adjusts the resistance value of the first adjustable resistor to adjust the first threshold voltage; the controller adjusts the resistance value of the second adjustable resistor to adjust the second threshold voltage.

[0026] or,

[0027] A first dynamic voltage regulator chip and / or a second dynamic voltage regulator chip, wherein the output voltage of the first dynamic voltage regulator chip is used as the first threshold voltage, and the output voltage of the second dynamic voltage regulator chip is used as the second threshold voltage; the controller adjusts the reference voltage within the first dynamic voltage regulator chip to adjust the first threshold voltage output by the first dynamic voltage regulator chip; the controller adjusts the reference voltage within the second dynamic voltage regulator chip to adjust the second threshold voltage output by the second dynamic voltage regulator chip;

[0028] or,

[0029] A first chopper circuit and / or a second chopper circuit, wherein the output voltage of the first chopper circuit is used as the first threshold voltage, and the output voltage of the second chopper circuit is used as the second threshold voltage, and the controller adjusts the PWM input pulse signal of the first chopper circuit to adjust the first threshold voltage output by the first chopper circuit; the controller adjusts the PWM input pulse signal of the second chopper circuit to adjust the second threshold voltage output by the second chopper circuit.

[0030] In some solutions, the signal monitoring device of the circuit is described in such a way that the output of the first comparator is reversed when the first voltage signal exceeds the first threshold voltage; and the output of the second comparator is reversed when the second voltage signal exceeds the second voltage threshold.

[0031] The controller acquires the inversion times of the first comparator and the second comparator, and adjusts the first threshold voltage and the second threshold voltage by controlling the threshold voltage adjustment component to make the inversion time interval of the first comparator and the second comparator less than the allowable error; or, the controller controls the threshold voltage adjustment component to fix the first threshold voltage and change the second threshold voltage, or fix the second threshold voltage and change the first threshold voltage, to make the inversion time interval of the first comparator and the second comparator less than the allowable error.

[0032] In some solutions, the signal monitoring device for the circuit, the controller, is further configured to monitor the reversal times of the first comparator and the second comparator. If the reversal time interval between the first comparator and the second comparator is greater than the allowable error, it is determined that the electrical characteristics of the tested element have changed.

[0033] In some circuit signal monitoring devices, the controller determines that the inductive component of the tested element increases when the reversal time of the first comparator is ahead; and determines that the capacitive component of the tested element increases when the reversal time of the second comparator is ahead.

[0034] In some schemes, the signal monitoring device of the circuit, the controller, is further configured to obtain a voltage signal based on the first threshold voltage signal, obtain a current signal based on the second threshold voltage, and obtain the resistance value of the measured element based on the ratio of the voltage signal to the current signal.

[0035] In some solutions, the signal monitoring device of the circuit is described in such a way that the output of the first comparator is reversed when the first voltage signal exceeds the first threshold voltage; and the output of the second comparator is reversed when the second voltage signal exceeds the second voltage threshold.

[0036] The controller sets the first threshold voltage to UzTH1 and the second threshold voltage to UIzTH1 in the first round, and records the inversion time tV1 of the first comparator and the inversion time tA1 of the second comparator.

[0037] In the second round, the controller adjusts the first threshold voltage to UzTH2 and records the inversion time tV2 of the first comparator. The rate of change Ur of the first voltage signal is obtained as follows: Ur = (UzTH2 - UzTH1) / (tV2 - tV1). Based on the rate of change of the first voltage signal, the inversion time tA1 of the second comparator, and the second threshold voltage UIzTH1, the inversion threshold voltage UzTH10 of the first voltage signal corresponding to the second threshold voltage UIzTH1 is obtained. Based on the second threshold voltage UIzTH1, the current signal IzTH1 is obtained. Based on the inversion threshold voltage UzTH10, the voltage signal UzTH11 is obtained. Based on the ratio of the voltage signal UzTH11 and the current signal IzTH1, the resistance value of the measured component is obtained.

[0038] or,

[0039] In the second round, the controller adjusts the second threshold voltage to UIzTH2 and records the inversion time tA2 of the second comparator. The rate of change Ui of the second voltage signal is obtained as follows: Ui = (UIzTH2 - UIzTH1) / (tA2 - tA1). Based on the rate of change of the second voltage signal, the inversion time tV1 of the first comparator, and the first threshold voltage UzTH1, the inversion threshold voltage UIzTH10 of the second voltage signal corresponding to the first threshold voltage UzTH1 is obtained. Based on the first threshold voltage UzTH1, the voltage signal UzTH11 is obtained, and based on the inversion threshold voltage UIzTH10, the current signal IzTH10 is obtained. Based on the ratio of the voltage signal UzTH11 and the current signal IzTH10, the resistance value of the measured component is obtained.

[0040] In some solutions, the signal monitoring device for the circuit, the controller, is further configured to acquire the change value of the resistance of the tested component obtained in different rounds, and if the change value is greater than a set threshold, it is determined that the circuit in which the tested component is located has deteriorated.

[0041] The signal monitoring device for the circuit described in some schemes also includes a third comparator:

[0042] The first input terminal of the third comparator is connected to the output terminal of the voltage monitoring component, and the second input terminal of the third comparator is connected to the third terminal of the threshold voltage adjustment component.

[0043] The threshold voltage adjustment component outputs a third threshold voltage at its third terminal under the control of the controller.

[0044] The controller receives the output of the third comparator and controls the first threshold voltage and the third threshold voltage output by the threshold voltage adjustment component based on the outputs of the first comparator and the third comparator; it obtains the rate of change and peak value of the first voltage signal based on the outputs of the first comparator and the third comparator, thereby obtaining the rate of change and peak value of the voltage signal; and it obtains the resistance value of the measured element based on the output of the second comparator and the rate of change of the first voltage signal.

[0045] or,

[0046] The first input terminal of the third comparator is connected to the output terminal of the current monitoring component, and the second input terminal of the third comparator is connected to the third terminal of the threshold voltage adjustment component.

[0047] The threshold voltage adjustment component outputs a third threshold voltage at its third terminal under the control of the controller.

[0048] The controller receives the output of the third comparator and controls the second threshold voltage and the third threshold voltage output by the threshold voltage adjustment component based on the outputs of the second comparator and the third comparator; it obtains the rate of change and peak value of the second voltage signal based on the outputs of the second comparator and the third comparator, and then obtains the rate of change and peak value of the current signal; it obtains the resistance value of the measured element based on the output of the first comparator and the rate of change of the current signal.

[0049] The signal monitoring device for the circuit described in some solutions, the controller, is used to acquire the resistance value of the component under test;

[0050] The controller uses the second comparator as a voltage virtual comparator and the product of the resistance value and the current signal as the input signal to the first input terminal of the voltage virtual comparator; the controller obtains the rate of change of the first voltage signal and the peak value of the first voltage signal based on the output result of the first comparator and the output result of the voltage virtual comparator, and then obtains the rate of change of the voltage signal and the peak value of the voltage signal.

[0051] or,

[0052] The controller uses the first comparator as a virtual current comparator and the product of the resistance value and the current signal as the second voltage signal input to the first terminal of the second comparator. The controller obtains the rate of change of the second voltage signal and the peak value of the second voltage signal based on the output results of the virtual current comparator and the output results of the second comparator, and then obtains the rate of change of the current signal and the peak value of the current signal.

[0053] In some schemes, the signal monitoring device of the circuit uses the third comparator as the voltage measurement comparator and the third voltage threshold as the first voltage measurement threshold, or uses the voltage virtual comparator as the voltage measurement comparator and the second voltage threshold as the first voltage measurement threshold; the controller is further configured to determine, based on the comparison results of the first comparator and the voltage measurement comparator, a first time node when the first voltage signal rises to the first threshold voltage, a second time node when the first voltage signal rises to the first voltage measurement threshold, a third time node when the first voltage signal falls to the second threshold voltage, and a fourth time node when the first voltage signal falls to the first voltage measurement threshold; and obtain the predicted peak value of the first voltage signal based on the first threshold voltage, the first time node, the third time node, the first voltage measurement threshold, the second time node, and the fourth time node, thereby obtaining the predicted peak value of the voltage signal;

[0054] or,

[0055] Using the third comparator as a current measurement comparator, and the third voltage threshold as the second voltage measurement threshold, or using the current virtual comparator as a current measurement comparator, and the first voltage threshold as the second voltage measurement threshold; the controller is further configured to determine, based on the comparison results of the second comparator and the current measurement comparator, a fifth time node when the second voltage signal rises to the second voltage measurement threshold, a sixth time node when the second voltage signal rises to the second threshold voltage, a seventh time node when the second voltage signal falls to the second voltage measurement threshold, and an eighth time node when the second voltage signal falls to the second threshold voltage; based on the second voltage measurement threshold and the fifth and sixth time nodes, the second threshold voltage and the seventh and eighth time nodes, the predicted peak value of the second voltage signal is obtained, and thus the predicted peak value of the current signal is obtained.

[0056] In some schemes, the signal monitoring device of the circuit uses a controller to obtain the predicted peak value of the first voltage signal and / or the predicted peak value of the second voltage signal by means of a linear intersection estimation peak value method or a curve fitting estimation peak value method.

[0057] In some solutions, the signal monitoring device for the circuit, if the voltage signal is a periodic signal, obtains its peak value through the controller in the following manner:

[0058] S11: Obtain the first threshold voltage and the first voltage measurement threshold; if within the first round:

[0059] If the comparison result of the first comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the voltage measurement comparator indicates that the voltage signal has not experienced the first voltage measurement threshold, and the difference between the first voltage measurement threshold and the first threshold voltage is greater than or equal to the allowable error, then step S12 is executed.

[0060] If the comparison result of the first comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the voltage measurement comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first voltage measurement threshold twice, and the difference between the first voltage measurement threshold and the first threshold voltage is greater than or equal to the allowable error, then step S13 is executed.

[0061] If the comparison result of the first comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the voltage measurement comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has not experienced the first voltage measurement threshold, and the difference between the first voltage measurement threshold and the first threshold voltage is less than the allowable error, then step S14a is executed.

[0062] If the comparison result of the first comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the voltage measurement comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first voltage measurement threshold twice and the difference between the first voltage measurement threshold and the first threshold voltage is less than the allowable error, then step S14b is executed.

[0063] S12: In the second round, keep the first threshold voltage unchanged, and at the same time lower the first voltage measurement threshold to half of the sum of the first threshold voltage and the first voltage measurement threshold in step S11; then return to step S11.

[0064] S13: In the second round, raise the first threshold voltage to the first voltage measurement threshold in step S11, and simultaneously raise the first voltage measurement threshold; then return to step S11.

[0065] S14a: Obtain the peak value of the first voltage signal based on the first threshold voltage, and obtain the peak value of the voltage signal based on the peak value of the first voltage signal;

[0066] S14b: Obtain the first voltage signal peak value based on the first voltage measurement threshold, and obtain the voltage signal peak value based on the first voltage signal peak value;

[0067] If the current signal is a periodic signal, the controller obtains its peak value in the following manner:

[0068] S21: Obtain the second threshold voltage and the second voltage measurement threshold. If within the first round:

[0069] If the comparison result of the second comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the current measurement comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has not experienced the second voltage measurement threshold, and the difference between the second voltage measurement threshold and the second threshold voltage is greater than or equal to the allowable error, then step S22 is executed.

[0070] If the comparison result of the second comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the current measurement comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second voltage measurement threshold twice, and the difference between the second voltage measurement threshold and the second threshold voltage is greater than or equal to the allowable error, then step S23 is executed.

[0071] If the comparison result of the second comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the current measurement comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has not experienced the second voltage measurement threshold, and the difference between the second voltage measurement threshold and the second threshold voltage is less than the allowable error, then step S24a is executed.

[0072] If the comparison result of the second comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the current measurement comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second voltage measurement threshold twice, and the difference between the second voltage measurement threshold and the second threshold voltage is less than the allowable error, then step S24b is executed.

[0073] S22: Keep the second threshold voltage unchanged in the second round, while lowering the second voltage measurement threshold to half of the sum of the second threshold voltage and the second voltage measurement threshold in step S21; then return to step S21.

[0074] S23: In the second round, raise the second threshold voltage to the second voltage measurement threshold in step S21, and simultaneously raise the second voltage measurement threshold; then return to step S21.

[0075] S24a: Obtain the peak value of the second voltage signal based on the second threshold voltage, and obtain the peak value of the current signal based on the peak value of the second voltage signal;

[0076] S24b: Obtain the peak value of the second voltage signal based on the second voltage measurement threshold, and obtain the peak value of the current signal based on the peak value of the second voltage signal.

[0077] The signal monitoring device of the circuit described in some schemes determines a first threshold voltage and a first voltage measurement threshold in a first round based on the predicted peak value of the first voltage signal; and determines a second threshold voltage and a second voltage measurement threshold in the first round based on the predicted peak value of the second voltage signal.

[0078] The technical solution of this application has the following technical advantages over the prior art:

[0079] The signal monitoring device for circuits provided in this application, compared with the prior art, can monitor the electrical signals of the components under test in the circuit online without affecting the normal operation of the circuit. At the same time, since it uses the voltage and current of the components under test when they are working normally, there is no need to add an extra excitation signal, and it will not affect the normal function of the circuit. In addition, this solution also has the advantages of low complexity and low cost. Attached Figure Description

[0080] The preferred embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will help to understand the purpose and advantages of this application, wherein:

[0081] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the signal monitoring device of a circuit described in one embodiment of this application;

[0082] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the current monitoring component according to one embodiment of this application;

[0083] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the current monitoring component according to another embodiment of this application;

[0084] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the current monitoring component described in another embodiment of this application;

[0085] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram illustrating an adjustable reference voltage achieved by an adjustable resistor according to one embodiment of this application;

[0086] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of a PWM voltage regulation circuit using a BUCK circuit to achieve an adjustable reference voltage, as described in one embodiment of this application.

[0087] Figure 7a and Figure 7b This is a circuit diagram illustrating the use of a dynamic voltage regulator chip to implement an adjustable reference voltage, as described in one embodiment of this application.

[0088] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the comparator inversion recording curve when obtaining the resistance value of the measured component according to an embodiment of this application;

[0089] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the signal monitoring device of the circuit described in another embodiment of this application;

[0090] Figure 10 This is a waveform comparison diagram of the voltage signal of the device under test according to one embodiment of this application, corresponding to the waveform recorded at the inverted time node of the comparator.

[0091] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the calculation process of the rise rate and fall rate of change of the voltage signal of the measured element according to one embodiment of this application;

[0092] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the estimation of signal peak value using a linear intersection method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0093] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the estimation of signal peak value using curve fitting method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0094] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a peak approximation algorithm according to an embodiment of this application;

[0095] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-peak axis voltage curve according to one embodiment of this application;

[0096] Figure 16 for Figure 15 The diagram shows the approximation algorithm in the multi-peak case. Detailed Implementation

[0097] The technical solutions of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0098] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0099] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0100] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0101] This embodiment provides a signal monitoring device for a circuit, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0102] A voltage monitoring component 101 is connected to a first terminal of the element under test 10, receives the voltage signal from the element under test 10, and converts the voltage signal into a first voltage signal Uz. In some embodiments, the voltage monitoring component 101 may also be configured with a first signal conditioning circuit 103 for conditioning the first voltage signal. A current monitoring component 102 is connected to a second terminal of the element under test 10, receives the current signal Iz from the element under test 10, and converts the current signal into a second voltage signal. In some embodiments, the current monitoring component 102 may also be configured with a second signal conditioning circuit 104 for conditioning the second voltage signal.

[0103] The threshold voltage adjustment component 107 has its control terminal connected to the controller 108. Under the control of the controller 108, its first terminal outputs a first threshold voltage and its second terminal outputs a second threshold voltage.

[0104] A first comparator 105 has its first input connected to the output of the voltage monitoring component 101 (when the voltage monitoring component is equipped with a signal conditioning circuit, the first comparator is connected to the output of the signal conditioning circuit), and its second input connected to the first terminal of the threshold voltage adjustment component 107. A second comparator 106 has its first input connected to the output of the current monitoring component 102 (when the current monitoring component is equipped with a signal conditioning circuit, the second comparator is connected to the output of the signal conditioning circuit), and its second input connected to the second terminal of the threshold voltage adjustment component 107. The outputs of the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106 are connected to the input of the controller 108.

[0105] The controller 108 receives the output results of the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106, and controls the first threshold voltage and / or the second threshold voltage output by the threshold voltage adjustment component 107 according to the output results; the controller 108 also obtains the electrical signal monitoring results of the measured element 10 according to the output results, the electrical signal monitoring results including the peak value of the voltage signal, and / or the rate of change of the voltage signal, and / or the peak value of the current signal, and / or the rate of change of the current signal, and / or the resistance value of the measured element, and / or the rate of change of the resistance value of the measured element, and / or the change of the electrical characteristics of the measured element.

[0106] The above solution enables online monitoring of the electrical signals of the tested component 10 in the circuit without affecting its normal operation. Furthermore, since it uses the voltage and current of the tested component 10 during normal operation, no additional excitation signal is required, thus preserving the circuit's functionality. In practical implementation, the controller 108 can individually control the threshold voltage connected to the first comparator 105 or the second comparator 106, or simultaneously control the threshold voltages of both comparators, according to the needs of the actual application scenario. This allows for obtaining monitoring results of various electrical signals related to the tested component 10 based on detection requirements. Additionally, this solution offers advantages such as low complexity and low cost.

[0107] In some schemes, such as Figure 2 As shown, the current monitoring component 102 includes a current transformer CT. The second end of the measured element 10 is led out through a conductor. The conductor passes through the current transformer CT, and the current transformer CT converts the current signal Iz passing through the conductor into an induced current Izs. A sampling resistor Rsamp is connected in series with the current transformer CT. After the induced current Izs flows through the sampling resistor Rsamp, the voltage across the sampling resistor Rsamp is used as the second voltage signal.

[0108] In some schemes, such as Figure 3 As shown, the current monitoring component 102 includes a closed-loop Hall sensor 201, the second end of the measured element 10 is led out through a conductor, the conductor passes through the closed-loop Hall sensor 201, and an induced current Izs is generated on the closed-loop Hall sensor 201; an amplifier 202 receives and amplifies the induced current of the closed-loop Hall sensor 201; and a sampling resistor Rsamp, the induced current amplified by the amplifier 202 flows through the sampling resistor Rsamp, and the voltage across the sampling resistor Rsamp is used as the second voltage signal.

[0109] In some schemes, such as Figure 4As shown, the current monitoring component 102 includes a Rogowski coil 203. The second end of the measured element 10 is led out through a conductor, which passes through the Rogowski coil 203. The Rogowski coil 203 detects the current signal Iz passing through the conductor. An integrator 204 receives the current signal Iz output by the Rogowski coil 203 and outputs a second voltage signal corresponding to the current signal Iz.

[0110] In the above scheme, the voltage monitoring component 101 can internally employ a voltage sensor device, which can convert the voltage signal into a first voltage signal according to a certain ratio. The internal circuit of the current monitoring component 102 can also be replaced by a monitoring circuit such as an open-loop Hall sensor, a magnetoresistive current transformer, or a fluxgate current transformer. The first signal conditioning circuit 103 and the second signal conditioning circuit 104 can be implemented using existing mature signal conditioning circuits, which can be selected as needed, such as sampling circuits, noise reduction circuits, and amplification circuits.

[0111] As mentioned above, in the above scheme, the threshold voltage adjustment component 107 can adjust the threshold voltage of the first comparator 105 or the second comparator 106 as needed, or it can adjust the threshold voltage of both comparators simultaneously. The scheme in the following embodiments of this application is illustrated by taking the ability of the threshold voltage adjustment component 107 to adjust the threshold voltage of two comparators simultaneously as an example. If only the threshold voltage of one comparator needs to be adjusted, the corresponding adjustment circuit for that comparator can be selected accordingly.

[0112] In some schemes, such as Figure 5 As shown, the threshold voltage adjustment component 107 includes a first adjustable resistor and a second adjustable resistor. The voltage across the first adjustable resistor is used as the first threshold voltage; the voltage across the second adjustable resistor is used as the second threshold voltage; the controller adjusts the resistance value of the first adjustable resistor to adjust the first threshold voltage; the controller adjusts the resistance value of the second adjustable resistor to adjust the second threshold voltage. Figure 5 In the example of adjusting the first threshold voltage, the threshold voltage adjustment component 107 can be implemented using MAXIM5432 and MAXIM6160. The first threshold voltage adjustment instruction given by the controller is received by the SDA and SCL of the MAXIM5432, and its resistance value is adjusted. The output voltage V0 is adjusted by controlling the ADJ of the MAXIM6160.

[0113] In some schemes, such as Figure 6As shown, the threshold voltage adjustment component 107 includes a first dynamic voltage regulator chip and a second dynamic voltage regulator chip. The output voltage of the first dynamic voltage regulator chip serves as the first threshold voltage, and the output voltage of the second dynamic voltage regulator chip serves as the second threshold voltage. The controller adjusts the reference voltage within the first dynamic voltage regulator chip to adjust the first threshold voltage output by the first dynamic voltage regulator chip; the controller adjusts the reference voltage within the second dynamic voltage regulator chip to adjust the second threshold voltage output by the second dynamic voltage regulator chip. Figure 6 As shown, a circuit with adjustable reference voltage is implemented using PWM voltage regulation via a BUCK circuit, and a scheme for adjusting the reference voltage is presented. In the adjustment circuit shown in the figure, VPWM receives the PWM signal from the first controller unit. By changing the input of VPWM, the output voltage (VOUT) of the XL4013 and its peripheral circuits becomes variable, achieving the effect of adjusting the output voltage.

[0114] In some schemes, such as Figure 7a and 7b As shown, the threshold voltage adjustment component 107 includes a first chopper circuit and a second chopper circuit. The output voltage of the first chopper circuit serves as the first threshold voltage, and the output voltage of the second chopper circuit serves as the second threshold voltage. The controller adjusts the PWM input pulse signal of the first chopper circuit to adjust the first threshold voltage output by the first chopper circuit; the controller also adjusts the PWM input pulse signal of the second chopper circuit to adjust the second threshold voltage output by the second chopper circuit. A TPS546C23 can be selected as the dynamic voltage regulation chip, such as... Figure 7a The diagram shows the internal circuit structure of the TPS546C23. The TPS546C23 is a 4.5V to 18V synchronous buck converter with PMBus. The output voltage of chips supporting PMBus can be set via the VOUT_COMMAND register. The TPS546C23 receives voltage commands from the controller to adjust the output voltage.

[0115] In some solutions, the signal monitoring device of the circuit can also be used to monitor the resistance value of the component under test 10. This is because there are strict requirements for the grounding resistance of some components in the circuit. Poor grounding can cause instrument malfunction, equipment damage, and personal injury. Therefore, this solution further monitors the resistance value of the component under test 10 online. Specifically, the first comparator 105 inverts its output when the first voltage signal exceeds the first threshold voltage; the second comparator 106 inverts its output when the second voltage signal exceeds the second voltage threshold. The controller 108 acquires the reversal times of the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106, and adjusts the first threshold voltage and the second threshold voltage by controlling the threshold voltage adjustment component 107, so that the reversal time interval of the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106 is less than the allowable error; or, the controller 108 controls the threshold voltage adjustment component 107 to fix the first threshold voltage and change the second threshold voltage, or fix the second threshold voltage and change the first threshold voltage, so that the reversal time interval of the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106 is less than the allowable error.

[0116] When the inversion time interval between the two comparators is less than the allowable error, they can be considered to be synchronously triggered. Then, a voltage signal is obtained based on the first threshold voltage signal, and a current signal is obtained based on the second threshold voltage. The resistance value Rroute of the measured element 10 can be obtained based on the ratio of the voltage signal to the current signal.

[0117] Furthermore, after the two comparators achieve synchronous triggering, it can be determined whether the electrical characteristics of the tested component 10 have changed by monitoring whether the synchronous triggering of the two comparators is disrupted. For example, the circuit containing the tested component 10 may deteriorate, or the impedance of the non-purely resistive tested component 10 may change. At this time, the controller 108 is also used to monitor the reversal time of the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106. If the reversal time interval between the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106 is greater than the allowable error, it is determined that the electrical characteristics of the tested component 10 have changed. For example, if the resistance of the component under test 10 is 5Ω, and the voltage signal is 10V and the current signal is 2A, the two comparators will reverse synchronously. If the resistance deteriorates and the resistance of the component under test 10 decreases to 4Ω, then if the second comparator 106 reverses when the current signal is 2A, the voltage signal received by the first comparator 105 will be 8V. Since the first comparator 105 only reverses when the voltage signal is 10V, it will not reverse at this time. The two comparators cannot reverse simultaneously, meaning the synchronous triggering is disrupted. In this case, it can be determined that the electrical characteristics of the component under test 10 have changed. In some designs, the component under test 10 is located in an impedance loop containing reactance, and the change in impedance can be detected by the change in the reversal time of the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106. Specifically, when the inversion time of the first comparator 105 is ahead, the controller 108 determines that the inductive component of the tested element 10 has increased; when the inversion time of the second comparator 106 is ahead, the controller 108 determines that the capacitive component of the tested element 10 has increased.

[0118] As an optional solution, the controller 108 is also used to acquire the change value of the resistance of the tested element 10 obtained in different rounds. If the change value is greater than a set threshold, it is determined that the circuit in which the tested element 10 is located has deteriorated. In some cases, if the grounding circuit of the tested element 10 deteriorates, it will cause its resistance value to change. If it is a purely resistive element, the resistance change pattern can be obtained based on the change value and the time interval between adjacent rounds, thereby enabling the prediction of the resistance value. The principle of deterioration judgment is the same as described above.

[0119] In the above scheme, the optimal inversion interval between the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106 is zero, meaning that the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106 can be triggered synchronously. In this case, accurate results can be obtained by calculating using the corresponding thresholds of the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106. If they cannot be completely synchronized, the trigger interval can be made to meet the accuracy requirements, i.e., be less than the allowable error, thus ensuring the accuracy of the calculation results. In this scheme, the waveforms of the current signal and the voltage signal can be arbitrarily changing and do not need to meet the periodicity requirement.

[0120] Preferably, such as Figure 8 As shown, the resistance value of the component 10 under test can also be obtained in the following way:

[0121] The first comparator 105 inverts its output when the first voltage signal exceeds the first threshold voltage; the second comparator 106 inverts its output when the second voltage signal exceeds the second voltage threshold.

[0122] The controller 108 sets the first threshold voltage to UzTH1 and the second threshold voltage to UIzTH1 in the first round, and records the inversion time tV1 of the first comparator 105 and the inversion time tA1 of the second comparator 106.

[0123] In the second round, the controller 108 adjusts the first threshold voltage to UzTH2 and records the inversion time tV2 of the first comparator 105; the rate of change Ur of the first voltage signal is obtained as follows: Ur = (UzTH2 - UzTH1) / (tV2 - tV1). Since the resistance of the measured component 10 can be obtained by dividing the ratio of the voltage signal and the current signal, the voltage signal calculated based on the current signal should also be on the straight line shown in the figure. Based on this, the first voltage signal, i.e., the inversion threshold voltage UzTH10, can be determined at tA1 according to the rate of change of the first voltage signal and the inversion time tA1 of the second comparator. The voltage signal UzTH11 is obtained according to the inversion threshold voltage UzTH10. The corresponding current signal IzTH1 can be calculated according to the second threshold voltage UzTH1 at time tA1. Thus, the voltage and current corresponding to the same time tA1 can be obtained. Dividing them gives the resistance of the measured component 10, i.e., the resistance of the measured component 10 is obtained according to the ratio of the voltage signal UzTH11 and the current signal IzTH1.

[0124] Similarly, the above method can be transformed as follows: In the second round, the controller 108 adjusts the second threshold voltage to UIzTH2 and records the inversion time tA2 of the second comparator 106; the rate of change Ui of the second voltage signal is obtained as follows: Ui = (UIzTH2 - UIzTH1) / (tA2 - tA1); based on the rate of change of the second voltage signal, the inversion time tV1 of the first comparator 105, and the first threshold voltage UzTH1, the inversion threshold voltage UIzTH10 of the second voltage signal corresponding to the first threshold voltage UzTH1 is obtained; based on the first threshold voltage UzTH1, the voltage signal UzTH11 is obtained; based on the inversion threshold voltage UIzTH10, the current signal IzTH10 is obtained; based on the ratio of the voltage signal UzTH11 and the current signal IzTH10, the resistance value of the measured element 10 is obtained.

[0125] Preferably, in some schemes, such as Figure 9 As shown, the signal monitoring device of the above circuit also includes a third comparator 111. The first input terminal of the third comparator 111 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage monitoring component 101 (when it is equipped with a signal conditioning circuit, its output terminal is connected to the signal conditioning circuit; the figure shows a method including an additional voltage monitoring component 110, whose working principle is similar to that of the voltage monitoring component 101. In actual application, the additional voltage monitoring component 110 and the voltage monitoring component 101 can share one). The second input terminal of the third comparator 111 is connected to the third terminal of the threshold voltage adjustment component 107.

[0126] The threshold voltage adjustment component 107, under the control of the controller 108, outputs a third threshold voltage at its third terminal. The controller 108 receives the output result of the third comparator 111, and controls the first threshold voltage and the third threshold voltage output by the threshold voltage adjustment component 107 according to the output results of the first comparator 105 and the third comparator 111; it obtains the rate of change of the first voltage signal and the peak value of the first voltage signal according to the output results of the first comparator 105 and the third comparator 111, and thus obtains the rate of change of the voltage signal and the peak value of the voltage signal; it obtains the resistance value of the measured element 10 by combining the output result of the second comparator 106 with the rate of change of the first voltage signal.

[0127] like Figure 10 and Figure 11The diagram illustrates the steps for measuring the rate of change of the first voltage signal. First, the first threshold voltage of the first comparator 105 is set to Uth1, and the third threshold voltage of the third comparator 111 is set to Uth2. When the first voltage signal rises, the first comparator 105 reverses at time node Trs1; the third comparator 111 reverses at time node Trs2. When the first voltage signal falls, the third comparator 111 reverses at time node Tfa2; the first comparator 105 reverses at time node Tfa1. The controller 108 records the aforementioned time nodes Trs1, Trs2, Tfa2, and Tfa1, and calculates the rising and falling rates of change of the first voltage signal using the following formulas: Rising rate of change = (Uth2 - Uth1) ÷ (Trs2 - Trs1); Falling rate of change = (Uth2 - Uth1) ÷ (Tfa2 - Tfa1).

[0128] After determining the rate of change of the first voltage signal, it is possible to use a method similar to the inversion time of the second comparator 106 and the second voltage threshold. Figure 8 The resistance value of the component 10 under test is obtained by the two-step method shown.

[0129] Similarly, the third comparator can also be configured on the current monitoring side. Specifically, the first input terminal of the third comparator is connected to the output terminal of the current monitoring component, and the second input terminal of the third comparator is connected to the third terminal of the threshold voltage adjustment component. Under the control of the controller, the threshold voltage adjustment component outputs a third threshold voltage at its third terminal. The controller receives the output result of the third comparator and controls the output of the second threshold voltage and the third threshold voltage of the threshold voltage adjustment component based on the output results of the second and third comparators. The rate of change and peak value of the second voltage signal are obtained based on the output results of the second and third comparators, thereby obtaining the rate of change and peak value of the current signal. The resistance value of the measured component is obtained based on the output result of the first comparator and the rate of change of the current signal.

[0130] After determining the rate of change of the current signal, it is possible to use a method similar to the inversion time of the first comparator 105 and the first voltage threshold. Figure 8 The resistance value of the component 10 under test is obtained by the two-step method shown.

[0131] In the above solution provided in this embodiment, by adding a third comparator, two comparators are used for voltage and / or current monitoring. Different threshold voltages are set for the two comparators, and each comparator detects whether the first voltage signal or the second voltage signal exceeds its corresponding threshold voltage. Based on the comparison results of the two comparators, the rate of change of the voltage or current signal can be calculated. It is understood that the above solution in this application uses two comparators as an example to illustrate the implementation process. However, in practical applications, comparators can be added according to the application scenario, but the working principle of each comparator is the same as that of the comparator in this embodiment.

[0132] In the above scheme of this application, the controller 108 determines the time nodes when the first voltage signal rises to the first threshold voltage, the time nodes when the first voltage signal rises to the third threshold voltage, the time nodes when the first voltage signal falls to the third threshold voltage, and the time nodes when the first voltage signal falls to the first threshold voltage based on the comparison result of the first comparator 105. Based on the first threshold voltage, the third threshold voltage, and each time node, the predicted peak value of the first voltage signal is obtained. In specific implementation, the first voltage signal may have rising, falling, positive, and negative values. Although this embodiment uses the rising and falling values ​​under the positive value case as examples, those skilled in the art can understand the implications based on this. Figure 12 and Figure 13 The records lead to the process of determining rises and falls in the case of negative values.

[0133] like Figure 12 As shown, in some embodiments, the controller 108 obtains the peak value of the first voltage signal using a linear intersection estimation method based on the first threshold voltage Uth1, the time nodes Trs1 and Tfa1, the third threshold voltage Uth2, and the time nodes Trs2 and Tfa2. When the accuracy requirement of the peak value is not high, it can be directly used as the peak value of the first voltage signal for some non-periodic signals; Reference Figure 12 Two data points can determine a straight line. During the rising and falling processes of the first voltage signal, two data points can be determined based on the first threshold voltage Uth1, the time nodes Trs1 and Tfa1 corresponding to the first threshold voltage Uth1, the third threshold voltage Uth2, and the time nodes Trs2 and Tfa2 corresponding to the third threshold voltage Uth2. The slope of the rising edge can be fitted with a straight line using "Uth1 / Trs1" and "Uth2 / Trs2"; the slope of the falling edge can be fitted with a straight line using "Uth2 / Tfa2" and "Uth1 / Tfa1". The intersection of the two straight lines is close to the actual peak value of the waveform and can be used to estimate the peak value.

[0134] like Figure 13 As shown, as another approach, the controller 108 obtains the predicted peak value of the first voltage signal by using curve fitting to estimate the peak value based on the first threshold voltage Uth1, the time nodes Trs1 and Tfa1, the third threshold voltage Uth2, and the time nodes Trs2 and Tfa2; (Refer to...) Figure 13 Based on the first threshold voltage Uth1, the time nodes Trs1 and Tfa1, the third threshold voltage Uth2, and the time nodes Trs2 and Tfa2, four points on the first voltage signal curve are obtained. Then, according to the existing curve fitting algorithm, the first voltage signal curve can be fitted using the above four points or any three points. After obtaining the first voltage signal curve, the estimated peak value of the first voltage signal is naturally obtained as well.

[0135] Since the first voltage signal is obtained by sensing the voltage signal of the measured element 10, the rate of change and peak value of the voltage signal can be calculated after obtaining the rate of change and predicted peak value of the first voltage signal.

[0136] Figure 9 The scheme shown is a scheme to add a third comparator to assist in monitoring voltage or current. In some cases, since the voltage and current signals of the measured component meet the requirements of Ohm's law, when the resistance value of the measured component is known, Ohm's law can be used to convert the voltage signal into a current signal or the current signal into a voltage signal, thereby converting the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106 into the form of monitoring voltage or current on the same side.

[0137] Specifically, the controller 108 is used to acquire the resistance value of the measured element 10, wherein the resistance value is a known quantity or is measured by a measuring instrument, or can be measured by a signal monitoring device in other embodiments of this application; the controller 108 uses the second comparator 106 as a voltage virtual comparator, and uses the product of the resistance value and the current signal as the input signal of the first input terminal of the voltage virtual comparator; the controller 108 obtains the rate of change of the first voltage signal and the peak value of the first voltage signal based on the output result of the first comparator 105 and the output result of the voltage virtual comparator, and then obtains the rate of change of the voltage signal and the peak value of the voltage signal; or, the controller 108 uses the first comparator 105 as a current virtual comparator, and uses the product of the resistance value and the current signal as the second voltage signal input to the first terminal of the second comparator 106; the controller 108 obtains the rate of change of the second voltage signal and the peak value of the second voltage signal based on the output result of the current virtual comparator and the output result of the second comparator 106, and then obtains the rate of change of the current signal and the peak value of the current signal.

[0138] In other words, the current signal can be multiplied by the resistance value, which theoretically is equivalent to the first voltage signal. Using this as the input signal of the second comparator 106 is essentially equivalent to... Figure 9 The third comparator in the system. Therefore, at this time, the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106 can be used to achieve... Figure 9 The first comparator 105 and the third comparator 111 function similarly, and the peak value and rate of change of the first voltage signal can be obtained using the same analysis steps. Similarly, the first comparator 105 can also be used as a virtual comparator for the second comparator 106, so that both the first comparator 105 and the second comparator 106 can be used for monitoring the current signal.

[0139] Therefore, in summary,

[0140] Using the third comparator as a voltage measurement comparator and the third voltage threshold as the first voltage measurement threshold, or using the voltage virtual comparator as a voltage measurement comparator and the second voltage threshold as the first voltage measurement threshold; the controller is further configured to determine, based on the comparison results of the first comparator and the voltage measurement comparator, a first time node when the first voltage signal rises to the first threshold voltage, a second time node when the first voltage signal rises to the first voltage measurement threshold, a third time node when the first voltage signal falls to the second threshold voltage, and a fourth time node when the first voltage signal falls to the first voltage measurement threshold; and to obtain the predicted peak value of the first voltage signal based on the first threshold voltage, the first time node, the third time node, the first voltage measurement threshold, the second time node, and the fourth time node, thereby obtaining the predicted peak value of the voltage signal; or Alternatively, the third comparator can be used as a current measurement comparator, and the third voltage threshold can be used as a second voltage measurement threshold; or, the virtual current comparator can be used as a current measurement comparator, and the first voltage threshold can be used as a second voltage measurement threshold. The controller is further configured to determine, based on the comparison results of the second comparator and the current measurement comparator, a fifth time node when the second voltage signal rises to the second voltage measurement threshold, a sixth time node when the second voltage signal rises to the second threshold voltage, a seventh time node when the second voltage signal falls to the second voltage measurement threshold, and an eighth time node when the second voltage signal falls to the second threshold voltage. Based on the second voltage measurement threshold and the fifth and sixth time nodes, the second threshold voltage and the seventh and eighth time nodes, the predicted peak value of the second voltage signal is obtained, and then the predicted peak value of the current signal is obtained.

[0141] In the above scheme, the threshold voltage adjustment component 107 can receive instructions from the controller 108 to adjust the threshold voltages of the first comparator 105, the second comparator 106, and the third comparator 111. For methods requiring two comparators to acquire the rate of change or peak value of a voltage signal, or the rate of change or peak value of a current signal, by adjusting the threshold voltages of the selected two comparators, the difference between the two threshold voltages is made less than the allowable error, and the peak value of the first voltage signal or the peak value of the second voltage signal is located between the two threshold voltages, or slightly higher than one of the voltage thresholds. This allows the two threshold voltages to be closer to the top of the signal curve, achieving the effect of improving peak value measurement accuracy. Specifically:

[0142] S1: If the first voltage signal is a periodic signal, the controller obtains its peak value in the following manner:

[0143] S11: Obtain the first threshold voltage and the first voltage measurement threshold (as mentioned above, it can be the third threshold voltage of the third comparator or the second threshold voltage of the second comparator); if in the first round:

[0144] The comparison result of the first comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the voltage measurement comparator indicates that the voltage signal has not experienced the first voltage measurement threshold, and the difference between the first voltage measurement threshold and the first threshold voltage is greater than or equal to the allowable error (e.g., ...). Figure 14 If Round 1 is in the middle, then proceed to step S12.

[0145] The comparison result of the first comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the voltage measurement comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first voltage measurement threshold twice, and the difference between the first voltage measurement threshold and the first threshold voltage is greater than or equal to the allowable error (e.g., ...). Figure 14 If Round 2 and Round 4 are in the given range, then proceed to step S13.

[0146] If the comparison result of the first comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the voltage measurement comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has not experienced the first voltage measurement threshold, and the difference between the first voltage measurement threshold and the first threshold voltage is less than the allowable error, then step S14a is executed.

[0147] The comparison result of the first comparator indicates that the first voltage signal experiences the first threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the voltage measurement comparator indicates that the first voltage signal experiences the first voltage measurement threshold twice and the difference between the first voltage measurement threshold and the first threshold voltage is less than the allowable error (e.g., ...). Figure 14If it is Round 5), then proceed to step S14b;

[0148] S12: In the second round, keep the first threshold voltage unchanged, and simultaneously lower the first voltage measurement threshold to half of the sum of the first threshold voltage and the first voltage measurement threshold in step S11 (e.g., Figure 14 (Comparison of Round 2 and Round 1); then return to step S11;

[0149] S13: In the second round, raise the first threshold voltage to the first voltage measurement threshold in step S11, and simultaneously raise the first voltage measurement threshold (e.g., Figure 14 Round 3); then return to step S11;

[0150] S14a: Obtain the peak value of the first voltage signal based on the first threshold voltage, and obtain the peak value of the voltage signal based on the peak value of the first voltage signal; at this time, the peak value of the first voltage signal is between the first threshold voltage and the first voltage measurement threshold.

[0151] S14b: Obtain the peak value of the first voltage signal based on the first voltage measurement threshold, and obtain the peak value of the voltage signal based on the peak value of the first voltage signal; at this time, the peak value of the first voltage signal is higher than the first voltage measurement threshold and slightly larger than the first voltage measurement threshold.

[0152] By continuously repeating the above steps S11-S13, the first threshold voltage and the first voltage measurement threshold can be made to continuously approach the peak value. If the difference between the first threshold voltage and the first voltage measurement threshold is within the allowable error range, the final measurement result can be obtained based on whether the peak value is between the first threshold voltage and the first voltage measurement threshold or slightly higher than the first voltage measurement threshold. The peak value of the first voltage signal obtained in this way is obtained.

[0153] Similarly, the rate of change and peak value of the current signal can be obtained in the following way.

[0154] S2: If the current signal is a periodic signal, the controller obtains its peak value in the following manner:

[0155] S21: Obtain the second threshold voltage and the second voltage measurement threshold. If within the first round:

[0156] If the comparison result of the second comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the current measurement comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has not experienced the second voltage measurement threshold, and the difference between the second voltage measurement threshold and the second threshold voltage is greater than or equal to the allowable error, then step S22 is executed.

[0157] If the comparison result of the second comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the current measurement comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second voltage measurement threshold twice, and the difference between the second voltage measurement threshold and the second threshold voltage is greater than or equal to the allowable error, then step S23 is executed.

[0158] If the comparison result of the second comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the current measurement comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has not experienced the second voltage measurement threshold, and the difference between the second voltage measurement threshold and the second threshold voltage is less than the allowable error, then step S24a is executed.

[0159] If the comparison result of the second comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the current measurement comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second voltage measurement threshold twice, and the difference between the second voltage measurement threshold and the second threshold voltage is less than the allowable error, then step S24b is executed.

[0160] S22: Keep the second threshold voltage unchanged in the second round, while lowering the second voltage measurement threshold to half of the sum of the second threshold voltage and the second voltage measurement threshold in step S21; then return to step S21.

[0161] S23: In the second round, raise the second threshold voltage to the second voltage measurement threshold in step S21, and simultaneously raise the second voltage measurement threshold; then return to step S21.

[0162] S24a: Obtain the peak value of the second voltage signal based on the second threshold voltage, and obtain the peak value of the current signal based on the peak value of the second voltage signal;

[0163] S24b: Obtain the peak value of the second voltage signal based on the second voltage measurement threshold, and obtain the peak value of the current signal based on the peak value of the second voltage signal.

[0164] This step is similar to the methods in S11-S14, and the specific process will not be repeated. Furthermore, in the above scheme, the first and second rounds are only used to represent two adjacent periods. The above process applies to periodic signals where each period has a peak value.

[0165] Preferably, in the above scheme, when initially selecting the first threshold voltage, the second threshold voltage, the first voltage measurement threshold, and the second voltage measurement threshold, the selection can also be based on the predicted results of the first voltage signal peak and the second voltage signal peak obtained through linear or curve fitting. This ensures that the first threshold voltage and the first voltage measurement threshold are located on either side of the predicted peak value of the first voltage signal, and the second threshold voltage and the second voltage measurement threshold are located on either side of the predicted peak value of the second voltage signal. This reduces the number of approximation calculations and allows for faster determination of the measured values ​​of the voltage signal peak and the current signal peak.

[0166] In a specific example, refer to Figure 14 As shown, firstly, within the measurement range, arbitrarily select the first threshold voltage Uth1 and the first voltage measurement threshold Uth2. Then execute:

[0167] Round 1: If the first voltage measurement threshold Uth2 does not change during the round in which the first threshold voltage changes from low to high to low, then Uth1 and Uth2 are represented by Uth1(R1) and Uth2(R1) respectively.

[0168] Round 2: Keep the first threshold voltage Uth1 unchanged, Uth1(R2) = Uth1(R1), Uth2(R2) = [Uth2(R1) - Uth1(R1)] / 2 + Uth1(R1). If the first threshold voltage Uth1 changes from low to high to low in the same round, the first voltage measurement threshold Uth2 also changes from low to high to low, then proceed to Round 3.

[0169] Round 3: Uth1(R3) = Uth2(R2), Uth2(R3) = [Uth2(R1) - Uth2(R2)] / 2 + Uth2(R2). If the first threshold voltage Uth1 changes from low to high to low in one round, and the first voltage measurement threshold Uth2 does not change, proceed to Round 4.

[0170] Round 4: Keep the first threshold voltage Uth1 constant, Uth1(R4) = Uth1(R3), Uth2(R4) = [Uth2(R3) - Uth1(R3)] / 2 + Uth1(R3). If, during the round where the first threshold voltage Uth1 changes from low to high to low, the first voltage measurement threshold Uth2 also changes from low to high to low, proceed to Round 5.

[0171] Round 5: Uth1(R5) = Uth2(R4), Uth2(R5) = [Uth2(R3) - Uth2(R4)] / 2 + Uth2(R4). If, during the round in which the first threshold voltage Uth1 changes from low to high to low, the first voltage measurement threshold Uth2 also changes from low to high to low, and Uth2 - Uth1 is already less than the allowable error, then Uth2 can be determined; otherwise, proceed to the next round according to the same rules.

[0172] And for such Figure 15 The scenario shown, where each cycle has two or more peaks, can be referenced. Figure 16 The table shown demonstrates that the aforementioned peak approximation processing is equally effective for multi-peak scenarios. Figure 15 Taking the case of a two-peak pattern with a lower peak at the beginning and a higher peak at the end as an example, other multi-peak cases are similar and will not be elaborated further. Figure 16 As shown, when the first threshold voltage Uth1 and the first voltage measurement threshold Uth2 are selected with different threshold combinations, there are 6 possible permutations and combinations as shown in the table. Trs1-A represents "peak A rising edge threshold 1", and Tfa2-B represents "peak B falling edge threshold 2"; "↑" indicates a rising edge change, "↓" indicates a falling edge change, and " / " indicates no change. As a complete round, processed according to the aforementioned S12 rules, scenarios 4, 5, and 6 can all successfully approximate the peak value. While scenario 1 contains two peaks, it conforms to... The conditions for a complete round, processed according to the rules in S12 mentioned above, can ultimately achieve peak approximation. Similarly, in scenario 3, although the low→high→low change round of TRS1 contains two peaks, processing according to the rules in S12 mentioned above can ultimately achieve peak approximation. In scenario 2, TRS2(Uth2) undergoes two changes during the low→high→low change round of TRS1(Uth1). Combining these two changes, processing according to the rules in S12 mentioned above can also ultimately achieve peak approximation.

[0173] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A signal monitoring device for a circuit, characterized in that, include: A voltage monitoring component is connected to the first end of the component under test, receives the voltage signal from the component under test, and converts the voltage signal into a first voltage signal; A current monitoring component is connected to the second terminal of the measured element, receives the current signal of the measured element, and converts the current signal into a second voltage signal; A threshold voltage regulating component, the control terminal of which is connected to a controller, under the control of the controller, outputs a first threshold voltage at its first terminal and a second threshold voltage at its second terminal; A first comparator has its first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the voltage monitoring component, and its second input terminal connected to the first terminal of the threshold voltage adjustment component. The second comparator has its first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the current monitoring component, and its second input terminal connected to the second terminal of the threshold voltage adjustment component. The outputs of the first comparator and the second comparator are connected to the input of the controller; The controller receives the output results of the first comparator and the second comparator, and controls the first threshold voltage and / or the second threshold voltage output by the threshold voltage adjustment component according to the output results; The controller also obtains the electrical signal monitoring result of the tested component based on the output result, and the electrical signal monitoring result includes the resistance value of the tested component; The current monitoring component includes: A current transformer, wherein the second end of the measured element is led out through a conductor, the conductor passes through the current transformer, and the current transformer converts the current signal passing through the conductor into an induced current; a sampling resistor, wherein the voltage across the sampling resistor is used as the second voltage signal after the induced current flows through the sampling resistor; or, a closed-loop Hall sensor, wherein the second end of the measured element is led out through a conductor, the conductor passes through the closed-loop Hall sensor, and an induced current is generated on the closed-loop Hall sensor; an amplifier, which receives and amplifies the induced current from the closed-loop Hall sensor; a sampling resistor, wherein the amplified induced current flows through the sampling resistor, and the voltage across the sampling resistor is used as the second voltage signal; or, a Rogowski coil, wherein the second end of the measured element is led out through a conductor, the conductor passes through the Rogowski coil, and the Rogowski coil detects the current signal passing through the conductor; an integrator, which receives the current signal output by the Rogowski coil and outputs the second voltage signal corresponding to the current signal; The threshold voltage adjustment component includes: A first adjustable resistor and / or a second adjustable resistor, wherein the voltage across the first adjustable resistor is used as a first threshold voltage; the voltage across the second adjustable resistor is used as a second threshold voltage; the controller adjusts the resistance value of the first adjustable resistor to adjust the first threshold voltage; the controller adjusts the resistance value of the second adjustable resistor to adjust the second threshold voltage; or, a first dynamic voltage regulator chip and / or a second dynamic voltage regulator chip, wherein the output voltage of the first dynamic voltage regulator chip is used as the first threshold voltage, and the output voltage of the second dynamic voltage regulator chip is used as the second threshold voltage; the controller adjusts the reference voltage within the first dynamic voltage regulator chip to adjust the first threshold voltage output by the first dynamic voltage regulator chip; the controller adjusts the reference voltage within the second dynamic voltage regulator chip to adjust the second threshold voltage output by the second dynamic voltage regulator chip; or, a first chopper circuit and / or a second chopper circuit, wherein the output voltage of the first chopper circuit is used as the first threshold voltage, and the output voltage of the second chopper circuit is used as the second threshold voltage; the controller adjusts the PWM input pulse signal of the first chopper circuit to adjust the first threshold voltage output by the first chopper circuit; the controller adjusts the PWM input pulse signal of the second chopper circuit to adjust the second threshold voltage output by the second chopper circuit. The first comparator inverts its output when the first voltage signal exceeds the first threshold voltage; the second comparator inverts its output when the second voltage signal exceeds the second threshold voltage. The controller acquires the inversion times of the first comparator and the second comparator, and adjusts the first threshold voltage and the second threshold voltage by controlling the threshold voltage adjustment component to make the inversion time interval of the first comparator and the second comparator less than the allowable error; or, the controller controls the threshold voltage adjustment component to fix the first threshold voltage and change the second threshold voltage, or fix the second threshold voltage and change the first threshold voltage, to make the inversion time interval of the first comparator and the second comparator less than the allowable error. The resistance value of the component under test is obtained in the following manner: The first comparator inverts its output when the first voltage signal exceeds the first threshold voltage; the second comparator inverts its output when the second voltage signal exceeds the second threshold voltage; the controller sets the first threshold voltage to UzTH1 and the second threshold voltage to UIzTH1 in the first round, and records the inversion time tV1 of the first comparator and the inversion time tA1 of the second comparator; the controller adjusts the first threshold voltage to UzTH2 in the second round, and records the inversion time tV2 of the first comparator; the rate of change Ur of the first voltage signal is obtained as follows: Ur = (UzTH1 + UIzTH1) / UIzTH1. H2-UzTH1) / (tV2-tV1); Based on the rate of change of the first voltage signal and the inversion time tA1 of the second comparator, and the second threshold voltage UIzTH1, the inversion threshold voltage UzTH10 of the first voltage signal corresponding to the second threshold voltage UIzTH1 is obtained; Based on the second threshold voltage UIzTH1, the current signal IzTH1 is obtained; Based on the inversion threshold voltage UzTH10, the voltage signal UzTH11 is obtained; Based on the ratio of the voltage signal UzTH11 and the current signal IzTH1, the resistance value of the measured component is obtained; Alternatively, in the second round, the controller adjusts the second threshold voltage to UI. zTH2, record the inversion time tA2 of the second comparator; obtain the rate of change Ui of the second voltage signal as follows: Ui = (UIzTH2 - UIzTH1) / (tA2 - tA1); based on the rate of change of the second voltage signal, the inversion time tV1 of the first comparator, and the first threshold voltage UzTH1, obtain the inversion threshold voltage UIzTH10 of the second voltage signal corresponding to the first threshold voltage UzTH1; obtain the voltage signal UzTH11 based on the first threshold voltage UzTH1, obtain the current signal IzTH10 based on the inversion threshold voltage UIzTH10, and obtain the current signal IzTH10 based on the voltage signal UzTH11 and... The resistance value of the measured component is obtained by comparing the current signal IzTH10. The controller determines the first voltage signal corresponding to the reversal time tA1 as the reversal threshold voltage UzTH10 based on the rate of change of the first voltage signal and the reversal time tA1 of the second comparator. A voltage signal UzTH11 is obtained based on the reversal threshold voltage UzTH10. The corresponding current signal IzTH1 is calculated based on the second threshold voltage UzTH1 at the reversal time tA1. Following this process, the voltage signal UzTH11 and the current signal IzTH1 corresponding to the same reversal time tA1 are obtained, and their division yields the resistance value of the measured component.Alternatively, the signal monitoring device further includes a third comparator, the first input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the voltage monitoring component, and the second input terminal of which is connected to the third terminal of the threshold voltage adjustment component; the threshold voltage adjustment component outputs a third threshold voltage at its third terminal under the control of the controller; the controller receives the output result of the third comparator and controls the first threshold voltage and the third threshold voltage output by the threshold voltage adjustment component according to the output results of the first comparator and the third comparator; the rate of change of the first voltage signal and the peak value of the first voltage signal are obtained according to the output results of the first comparator and the third comparator, thereby obtaining the rate of change of the voltage signal and the peak value of the voltage signal; the output result of the second comparator, combined with the rate of change of the voltage signal, is used to obtain the... The resistance value of the component under test; or, the first input terminal of the third comparator is connected to the output terminal of the current monitoring component, and the second input terminal of the third comparator is connected to the third terminal of the threshold voltage adjustment component; the threshold voltage adjustment component outputs a third threshold voltage at its third terminal under the control of the controller; the controller receives the output result of the third comparator, and controls the second threshold voltage and the third threshold voltage output by the threshold voltage adjustment component according to the output results of the second comparator and the third comparator; the rate of change of the second voltage signal and the peak value of the second voltage signal are obtained according to the output results of the second comparator and the third comparator, and then the rate of change of the current signal and the peak value of the current signal are obtained; the resistance value of the component under test is obtained according to the output result of the first comparator and the rate of change of the current signal.

2. The signal monitoring device for the circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical signal monitoring results also include changes in the electrical characteristics of the measured component: The controller is also used to monitor the inversion times of the first comparator and the second comparator. If the inversion time interval between the first comparator and the second comparator is greater than the allowable error, it is determined that the electrical characteristics of the tested component have changed.

3. The signal monitoring device for the circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The controller determines that the inductive component of the tested element has increased when the inversion time of the first comparator is ahead; and determines that the capacitive component of the tested element has increased when the inversion time of the second comparator is ahead.

4. The signal monitoring device for the circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The controller is further configured to obtain a voltage signal based on the first threshold voltage signal, obtain a current signal based on the second threshold voltage, and obtain the resistance value of the measured element based on the ratio of the voltage signal to the current signal.

5. The signal monitoring device for the circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The controller is also used to obtain the change value of the resistance value of the tested component obtained in different rounds. If the change value is greater than a set threshold, it is determined that the circuit where the tested component is located has deteriorated.

6. The signal monitoring device for the circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical signal monitoring results include the peak value of the voltage signal or the peak value of the current signal: The controller is used to acquire the resistance value of the component under test; The controller uses the second comparator as a voltage virtual comparator and the product of the resistance value and the current signal as the input signal to the first input terminal of the voltage virtual comparator. The controller obtains the rate of change of the first voltage signal and the peak value of the first voltage signal based on the output of the first comparator and the output of the voltage virtual comparator, and then obtains the rate of change of the voltage signal and the peak value of the voltage signal. or, The controller uses the first comparator as a virtual current comparator and the product of the resistance value and the current signal as the second voltage signal input to the first terminal of the second comparator. The controller obtains the rate of change of the second voltage signal and the peak value of the second voltage signal based on the output results of the current virtual comparator and the second comparator, and then obtains the rate of change of the current signal and the peak value of the current signal.

7. The signal monitoring device for the circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The controller is further configured to determine, based on the comparison results of the first comparator and the voltage measurement comparator, a first time node when the first voltage signal rises to the first threshold voltage, a second time node when the first voltage signal rises to the first voltage measurement threshold, a third time node when the first voltage signal falls to the second threshold voltage, and a fourth time node when the first voltage signal falls to the first voltage measurement threshold; and to obtain the predicted peak value of the first voltage signal based on the first threshold voltage, the first time node, the third time node, the first voltage measurement threshold, the second time node, and the fourth time node, thereby obtaining the predicted peak value of the voltage signal. or, Using the third comparator as a current measurement comparator, the third threshold voltage is the second voltage measurement threshold; or, using the current virtual comparator as a current measurement comparator, the first threshold voltage is the second voltage measurement threshold. The controller is further configured to determine, based on the comparison results of the second comparator and the current measurement comparator, a fifth time node when the second voltage signal rises to the second voltage measurement threshold, a sixth time node when the second voltage signal rises to the second threshold voltage, a seventh time node when the second voltage signal falls to the second voltage measurement threshold, and an eighth time node when the second voltage signal falls to the second threshold voltage. Based on the second voltage measurement threshold and the fifth and sixth time nodes, the second threshold voltage and the seventh and eighth time nodes, the predicted peak value of the second voltage signal is obtained, and thus the predicted peak value of the current signal is obtained.

8. The signal monitoring device for the circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The controller uses a method of estimating peak value by linear intersection or a method of estimating peak value by curve fitting to obtain the predicted peak value of the first voltage signal and / or the predicted peak value of the second voltage signal.

9. The signal monitoring device for the circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that: If the voltage signal is a periodic signal, the controller obtains its peak value in the following manner: S11: Obtain the first threshold voltage and the first voltage measurement threshold; if within the first round: If the comparison result of the first comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the voltage measurement comparator indicates that the voltage signal has not experienced the first voltage measurement threshold, and the difference between the first voltage measurement threshold and the first threshold voltage is greater than or equal to the allowable error, then step S12 is executed. If the comparison result of the first comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the voltage measurement comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first voltage measurement threshold twice, and the difference between the first voltage measurement threshold and the first threshold voltage is greater than or equal to the allowable error, then step S13 is executed. If the comparison result of the first comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the voltage measurement comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has not experienced the first voltage measurement threshold, and the difference between the first voltage measurement threshold and the first threshold voltage is less than the allowable error, then step S14a is executed. If the comparison result of the first comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the voltage measurement comparator indicates that the first voltage signal has experienced the first voltage measurement threshold twice and the difference between the first voltage measurement threshold and the first threshold voltage is less than the allowable error, then step S14b is executed. S12: In the second round, keep the first threshold voltage unchanged, and at the same time lower the first voltage measurement threshold to half of the sum of the first threshold voltage and the first voltage measurement threshold in step S11; then return to step S11. S13: In the second round, the first threshold voltage is increased to the first voltage measurement threshold in step S11, and the first voltage measurement threshold is increased at the same time. Then return to step S11; S14a: Obtain the peak value of the first voltage signal based on the first threshold voltage, and obtain the peak value of the voltage signal based on the peak value of the first voltage signal; S14b: Obtain the first voltage signal peak value based on the first voltage measurement threshold, and obtain the voltage signal peak value based on the first voltage signal peak value; If the current signal is a periodic signal, the controller obtains its peak value in the following manner: S21: Obtain the second threshold voltage and the second voltage measurement threshold. If within the first round: If the comparison result of the second comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the current measurement comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has not experienced the second voltage measurement threshold, and the difference between the second voltage measurement threshold and the second threshold voltage is greater than or equal to the allowable error, then step S22 is executed. If the comparison result of the second comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the current measurement comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second voltage measurement threshold twice, and the difference between the second voltage measurement threshold and the second threshold voltage is greater than or equal to the allowable error, then step S23 is executed. If the comparison result of the second comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the current measurement comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has not experienced the second voltage measurement threshold, and the difference between the second voltage measurement threshold and the second threshold voltage is less than the allowable error, then step S24a is executed. If the comparison result of the second comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second threshold voltage twice, and the comparison result of the current measurement comparator indicates that the second voltage signal has experienced the second voltage measurement threshold twice, and the difference between the second voltage measurement threshold and the second threshold voltage is less than the allowable error, then step S24b is executed. S22: Keep the second threshold voltage unchanged in the second round, while lowering the second voltage measurement threshold to half of the sum of the second threshold voltage and the second voltage measurement threshold in step S21; Then return to step S21; S23: In the second round, the second threshold voltage is increased to the second voltage measurement threshold in step S21, and the second voltage measurement threshold is increased at the same time. Then return to step S21; S24a: Obtain the peak value of the second voltage signal based on the second threshold voltage, and obtain the peak value of the current signal based on the peak value of the second voltage signal; S24b: Obtain the peak value of the second voltage signal based on the second voltage measurement threshold, and obtain the peak value of the current signal based on the peak value of the second voltage signal.

10. The signal monitoring device for the circuit according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first threshold voltage and the first voltage measurement threshold within the first round are determined based on the predicted peak value of the first voltage signal; the second threshold voltage and the second voltage measurement threshold within the first round are determined based on the predicted peak value of the second voltage signal.

Images