A wave source positioning device and system based on Rydberg atomic group array

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of quantum optics and microwave electric field measurement, and discloses a wave source positioning device based on a Rydberg atom group array, comprising a detection laser and a coupling laser. The laser light emitted by the detection laser is split into three parallel beams of detection light after passing through a first array beam splitter and incident on an alkali metal atom gas chamber, and then incident on a photodetector group after passing through a dichroic mirror; the laser light emitted by the coupling laser is split into three parallel beams of coupling light after passing through a second array beam splitter, and is respectively overlapped with the three beams of detection light and incident on the alkali metal atom gas chamber in opposite directions, forming a Rydberg atom group array; the intrinsic antenna is used to emit an intrinsic microwave signal of the Rydberg atom group array perpendicular to the direction of the detection light into the alkali metal atom gas chamber; the photodetector group is used to receive the signal intensities of the three beams of detection light and send them to a calculation unit to obtain the three-dimensional position of the target antenna. The present invention has simple measurement operation, is beneficial to equipment integration, and can provide real-time online feedback.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wave source positioning method, in particular to a wave source positioning device and system based on a Rydberg atom group array, and belongs to the technical field of quantum optics and microwave electric field measurement. Background Art

[0002] Positioning technology is widely researched and applied. It uses radio direction finders to measure the electromagnetic waves emitted by a signal transmitter and their propagation direction to determine the source's location. This technology has important applications in areas such as electronic countermeasures, target detection, and navigation and positioning, primarily for signal sorting and identification, directional guidance, and providing information on the direction and location of the radiation source. Passive positioning methods are particularly popular because they do not actively emit electromagnetic waves, but instead determine the location by intercepting the electromagnetic wave signals emitted by the target radiation source, thus avoiding revealing the target's own position.

[0003] Existing passive detection systems mostly use dipole antennas, which are made of metal, dielectric, or metal-dielectric hybrid materials. These materials affect the boundary conditions of the electromagnetic field, causing disturbances in the electromagnetic waves in space, which in turn affects measurement accuracy. Furthermore, the aperture size of existing antenna units is limited by the Chu-Harrington limit, which requires the antenna aperture size to be comparable to the wavelength. The lower the frequency of the electromagnetic wave to be measured and the longer the wavelength, the larger the antenna aperture size required for the direction-finding system.

[0004] Traditional direction-finding methods use a linear or planar array at each observation point to perform one- or two-dimensional direction finding of the target. This is then combined with the observation station's geographic coordinates for cross-localization, calculating the target's 2D or 3D coordinates. Using existing direction-finding methods to locate a target in 3D requires each observation station to use a planar array to simultaneously measure the target's azimuth and elevation, resulting in high antenna array deployment costs and difficulty in deploying within certain narrow areas.

[0005] Rydberg atoms are atoms whose outermost electrons are in a highly excited state. They exhibit long coherence times and are sensitive to external electromagnetic fields. The interaction between Rydberg atoms and microwave electromagnetic fields enables precise measurement of parameters such as electromagnetic field intensity, polarization, and phase. However, existing technologies have limited physical apertures for individual Rydberg atom sensors, and positioning using Rydberg atom sensors can only detect one-dimensional angle of arrival, failing to meet the requirements for two-dimensional angle of arrival measurement and three-dimensional spatial positioning. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and aims to solve the following technical problems: providing a wave source positioning method and device based on a Rydberg atom group array to achieve spatial positioning of the wave source.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a device for wave source positioning based on a Rydberg atom group array, comprising a detection laser, a first array beam splitter, an alkali metal atom gas chamber, a dichroic mirror, a coupling laser, a second array beam splitter, an intrinsic antenna, a photodetector group, and a computing unit.

[0008] The laser light emitted by the detection laser is split into three parallel beams of detection light after passing through the first array beam splitter, forming an L-shaped detection light array and incident on the alkali metal atom gas chamber, and then passing through the dichroic mirror and incident on the photodetector group; the laser light emitted by the coupling laser is split into three parallel beams of coupling light after passing through the second array beam splitter, forming an L-shaped arrangement of coupling light array, and respectively overlaps with the three beams of detection light in opposite directions and is incident on the alkali metal atom gas chamber, forming a Rydberg atom group array with an L-shaped cross-section;

[0009] The intrinsic antenna is arranged on one side of the alkali metal atom gas chamber, and is used to transmit an intrinsic microwave signal to the Rydberg atom group array in the alkali metal atom gas chamber in a direction perpendicular to the detection light;

[0010] The photoelectric detector group is used to receive the intensities of the three detection light signals respectively and send them to the calculation unit;

[0011] The calculation unit is used to calculate the three-dimensional position of the target antenna based on the phase difference information and time information of the three-beam detection light signal.

[0012] The first array beam splitter and the second array beam splitter are spatial light modulators, or combined beam splitters formed by a beam splitter and a plane reflector.

[0013] The device for wave source positioning based on a Rydberg atom group array further includes a calibration antenna, which is arranged on a height-adjustable two-dimensional translation stage; the two-dimensional translation stage is used to drive the calibration antenna to move two-dimensionally;

[0014] The calculation unit is used to calculate the fingerprint spectrum of the time phase information and the actual position of the antenna according to the actual position of the calibration antenna and the time phase information of the corresponding detection light signal;

[0015] The calculation unit obtains the position of the target antenna according to the fingerprint spectrum and the phase information and time information of the detection light signal corresponding to the target antenna.

[0016] The calculation unit calculates three groups of arrival angles of the target antenna based on the time comparison method or the phase comparison method, or a combination of the time comparison method and the phase comparison method, and calculates the three-dimensional position of the target antenna according to the three groups of arrival angles.

[0017] The calculation formula of the phase comparison method is:

[0018]

[0019]

[0020]

[0021]

[0022] Among them, θ', ρ', σ' are the azimuths of the target antenna on the xoy, zox, and yoz reference planes calculated by the phase comparison method; l represents the relative optical path difference from the target antenna to the coordinate origin, l x 、l y 、l z is the component of the relative optical path difference l on the three coordinate axes of x, y, and z; is the projection component of the relative optical path difference on the three reference planes yoz, zox, and xoy; They represent the phase difference measured between the two array elements, d and h represent the baseline lengths in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, and k is the wave vector of the microwave.

[0023] The calculation formula of the time ratio method is:

[0024]

[0025]

[0026]

[0027] Among them, θ”, ρ’, σ” respectively represent the azimuth of the target antenna in the xoy, zox, and yoz reference planes calculated by the time ratio method, and ε z , ε y , ε x are the elevation angles of the target antenna on the xoy, zox, and yoz reference planes, respectively. c represents the speed of light, t 13 It represents the difference in time taken for the interference signal to reach the Rydberg atomic group array element located at the origin and on the y-axis, t 23 It represents the difference in time taken for the interference signal to reach the Rydberg atomic group array element on the x-axis and the Rydberg atomic group array element on the y-axis, t 12 It represents the difference in time taken for the interference signal to reach the Rydberg atom array located at the origin and on the x-axis.

[0028] The specific method of obtaining the three azimuth angles of the target antenna by combining the time comparison method or the phase comparison method is:

[0029] θ=min(θ',θ”), ρ=min(ρ’,ρ”), σ=min(σ’,σ”)

[0030] Among them, θ, ρ, σ represent the azimuth of the target antenna in the xoy, zox, yoz reference planes, which are finally calculated by combining the time ratio method or the phase ratio method.

[0031] The device for wave source positioning based on a Rydberg atom group array also includes a first frequency locking controller, a detection laser controller, a second frequency locking controller and a coupling laser controller; the first frequency locking controller and the second frequency locking controller are respectively used to lock the frequency of the detection laser and the coupling laser; the detection laser controller and the coupling laser controller are respectively used to control the working states of the detection laser and the coupling laser.

[0032] The calculation formula for the three-dimensional position of the target antenna obtained by the calculation unit is:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, (x, y, z) represents the position of the target antenna, (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2), (x3, y3, z3) represent the three-dimensional coordinates of the three array elements, θ, ρ, σ represent the azimuth of the target antenna in the xoy, zox, yoz reference planes, ε z , ε y , ε x are the elevation angles of the target antenna on the xoy, zox, and yoz reference planes respectively.

[0035] In addition, the present invention also provides a wave source positioning system based on a Rydberg atomic group array, which includes multiple devices as described above, the distance information between the devices is known, and the information between the devices is connected and the timing is synchronized.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] The present invention provides a wave source positioning method and device based on a Rydberg atom group array. The Rydberg atom group array is used to realize wave source positioning. Since the Rydberg atom sensor is made of glass material and does not radiate signals to the outside, it is a passive detection method with minimal interference to the target radio frequency field. The Rydberg atom sensor is used to measure the microwave electric field. Its operating bandwidth is not dependent on the size of the antenna, and its compact structure is also conducive to the deployment of the antenna at any location. By forming an array with lasers and simultaneously exciting Rydberg atom groups at multiple sites, a Rydberg atom group sensor array can be constructed, thereby improving the original physical aperture, enhancing the system energy collection efficiency, and expanding the positioning capability from a one-dimensional directional angle to a two-dimensional plane and three-dimensional space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a device for wave source positioning based on a Rydberg atom group array provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a Rydberg atom group array formed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a combined beam splitter in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is the energy level diagram for electromagnetically induced transparency;

[0042] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of interference signals with different phases obtained;

[0043] Figure 6 A schematic diagram for establishing a coordinate system;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the evaluation results;

[0045] In the figure: 1 is the first frequency-locking controller, 2 is the detection laser controller, 3 is the detection laser, 4 is the first spectroscopic element, 5 is the first reflector, 6 is the first laser array beam splitter, 7 is the alkali metal atom gas chamber, 8 is the dichroic mirror, 9 is the second laser array beam splitter, 10 is the second spectroscopic element, 11 is the second reflector, 12 is the second frequency-locking controller, 13 is the coupling laser controller, 14 is the coupling laser, 15 is the local oscillator antenna supporting mechanism, 16 is the local oscillator antenna, 17 is the two-dimensional translation stage, 18 is the target antenna, 19 is the target antenna supporting mechanism, 20 is the photoelectric detector group, 21 is the computing unit, 22 is the display screen, 23 is the Rydberg atomic group array element, 24 is the third spectroscopic element, 25 is the first reflector group, 26 is the fourth spectroscopic element, 27 is the second reflector group, and 28 is the fifth spectroscopic element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figure 1As shown, the first embodiment of the present invention provides a device for wave source positioning based on a Rydberg atom group array, comprising a detection laser 1, a first array beam splitter 6, an alkali metal atom gas chamber 7, a dichroic mirror 8, a coupling laser 14, a second array beam splitter 9, an intrinsic antenna 16, a photodetector group 20, and a computing unit 21; the laser emitted by the detection laser 1 is divided into three parallel beams of detection light after passing through the first array beam splitter 6, forming an L-shaped array of detection light and incident on the alkali metal atom gas chamber 7, and then passing through the dichroic mirror 8 and incident on the photodetector group 20; the laser emitted by the coupling laser 14 is divided into three parallel beams of coupling light after passing through the second array beam splitter 9, forming an L-shaped array of coupling light, and respectively overlaps with the three beams of detection light in opposite directions and is incident on the alkali metal atom gas chamber 7, forming a Rydberg atom group array 23 with an L-shaped cross-section. As shown Figure 2 Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a Rydberg atom group array. Three counter-inversely overlapping laser beams can excite atoms into Rydberg states, forming three Rydberg atom group array elements 23.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the intrinsic antenna 16 is arranged on one side of the alkali metal atom gas chamber 7, and is used to transmit an intrinsic microwave signal to the Rydberg atom group array 23 in the alkali metal atom gas chamber 7 in a direction perpendicular to the detection light; the photoelectric detector group 20 is used to respectively receive the intensities of the three beams of detection light signals and send them to the calculation unit 21; the calculation unit 21 is used to obtain the three-dimensional position of the target antenna 18 based on the phase difference information and time information of the three beams of detection light signals.

[0050] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first array beam splitter 6 and the second array beam splitter 9 may be spatial light modulators, or may be combined beam splitters formed by a beam splitter and a plane reflector group.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, the combined beam splitter includes a fifth beam splitter 28, a second plane reflector group 27, a fourth beam splitter 26, a first plane reflector group 25 and a third beam splitter 24. The fifth beam splitter 28 can split the incident light beam into two beams, wherein the reflected beam passes through the second plane reflector group 27 and enters the fourth beam splitter 26, and then is reflected by the fourth beam splitter 26 and enters the third beam splitter 24; the transmitted beam is split into two beams by the fourth beam splitter 26, the reflected beam is reflected by the first plane reflector group 25 and enters the third beam splitter 24, and the transmitted beam is directly incident on the third beam splitter 24. After transmission and reflection by the third beam splitter 24, three parallel laser beams are formed. By adjusting the position or angle of the first plane reflector group 25 and the second plane reflector group 27, the distance and spatial angle of the three laser beams can be adjusted.

[0052] Specifically, in this embodiment, the difference in frequency between the microwaves emitted by the local oscillator antenna 16 and the target antenna 18 is in the range of 1 to 100 kHz.

[0053] Furthermore, the apparatus for wave source positioning based on a Rydberg atom group array described in this embodiment further includes a first frequency-locking controller 1, a detection laser controller 2, a second frequency-locking controller 12, and a coupling laser controller 13. The first frequency-locking controller 1 and the second frequency-locking controller 12 are respectively used to frequency-lock the detection laser 3 and the coupling laser 14. The detection laser controller 2 and the coupling laser controller 13 are respectively used to control the operating states of the detection laser 3 and the coupling laser 14. The first beam splitter 4 and the first reflector 5 split a portion of the detection light and send it to the first frequency-locking controller 1 to lock the detection light. The second beam splitter 10 and the second reflector 11 split a portion of the coupling light and send it to the second frequency-locking controller 12 to lock the coupling light.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, it is the energy level diagram of electromagnetically induced transparency in this embodiment. The detection light array and the coupling light array overlap in the alkali metal atom gas chamber 7, and the excited atoms transition from the ground state to the Rydberg state. The photodetector 20 is used to convert the detection light signal into an electrical signal, and then the transmission signal is extracted. Due to the EIT-AT effect of the Rydberg atom, the intensity of the microwave electric field will be displayed in the change of the detection light transmittance. In this embodiment, the laser wavelength emitted by the detection light laser 3 is 780nm, and the laser wavelength emitted by the coupling laser 14 is 480nm; in this embodiment, the detection laser uses a semiconductor laser model DLpro from Toptica. The coupling laser uses a frequency doubling amplification laser model TA-SHG pro from Toptica.

[0055] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the calculation unit 21 includes a vector signal analyzer, a digital signal oscilloscope and other devices and a display screen 22. The vector signal analyzer, digital signal oscilloscope and other devices are used to collect the waveform of the transmitted detection light signal. In the calculation unit 21, based on the collected information, the phase and time information of the microwave interference signal it carries is analyzed, and after the arrival angle and position information to be measured are calculated, it is sent to the display screen 22 to display the position to be measured.

[0056] Furthermore, in this embodiment, when a spatial light modulator is used as a means of laser array beam splitting, an array controller can also be used. The array controller is used to control the spatial distance between the three beams of detection light, and the measurement results are fed back to the array controller through a computing unit for array optimization to improve the accuracy of information sampling.

[0057] The measuring principle of the present invention is described below.

[0058] In the embodiment of the present invention, the phase difference of the heterodyne microwave electric field is used to locate the wave source. According to the heterodyne microwave electric field theory, the local oscillator microwave and the signal microwave can be expressed as:

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] in, is the vector form of the electric field strength of the local oscillator microwave, E LO represents the electric field strength of the local oscillator microwave, is the vector form of the electric field strength of the signal microwave, E SIG represents the electric field strength of the signal microwave, ω1 and ω2 represent the frequencies of the local oscillator microwave and the signal microwave respectively, and φ1 and φ2 represent the phases of the local oscillator microwave and the signal microwave respectively.

[0062] For two microwaves with the same polarization direction, the electric field strength felt by the atom is:

[0063]

[0064] Where Δω is the difference frequency between the two RF fields, and Δφ is the phase difference between the two RF fields. When the signal microwave field is much smaller than the local oscillator microwave field, the above formula can be simplified to:

[0065] E atom =E LO +E SIG cos(Δωt+Δφ); (4)

[0066] Therefore, through the Rydberg atom EIT-AT effect, the intensity of the microwave electric field is reflected in the changes in the probe light transmittance. The phase difference between the two radio frequency signals can be read from the probe light transmission spectrum by amplification and extraction. The relationship between the arrival angle and the two measured phase differences can then be calculated using the phases obtained at two different locations.

[0067] like Figure 5 , which is a schematic diagram of the obtained interference signal. The azimuth angle of the target antenna can be obtained through the phase difference or time difference of the three interference signals.

[0068] like Figure 6 As shown, the coordinate system is constructed. The specific method is: take the center of the central Rydberg atomic group array element as the coordinate origin, the propagation direction of light as the z-axis, and the horizontal direction as the x-axis to establish a plane rectangular coordinate system. At this time, among the three array elements, the center of one array element is located at the coordinate origin, represented by the subscript 1, the center of one array element is located on the x-axis, represented by the subscript 2, and the center of the other array element is located on the y-axis, represented by the subscript 3. According to the phase comparison method formula You can get:

[0069]

[0070] Where l represents the relative optical path difference from the target antenna to the coordinate origin, l x 、l y 、l z is the component of the relative optical path difference l on the three coordinate axes of x, y, and z; is the projection component of the relative optical path difference on the three reference planes yoz, zox, and xoy; They represent the phase difference measured between the two array elements, d and h represent the baseline lengths in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, that is, the distance between the two Rydberg atomic group array elements in the horizontal direction and the distance between the two Rydberg atomic group array elements in the vertical direction, and k is the microwave wave vector. In addition, according to the spatial geometric relationship, we have:

[0071]

[0072] Among them, θ', ρ', and σ' are the azimuths of the target antenna in the xoy, zox, and yoz reference planes respectively calculated by the phase comparison method.

[0073] In addition, the l can be calculated according to formula (5) x 、l y 、l z To calculate the three-dimensional elevation angle, the calculation formula is:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, ε z , ε y , ε x are the elevation angles of the target antenna on the xoy, zox, and yoz reference planes, respectively. The three-dimensional azimuth and elevation angles constitute the three-dimensional arrival angle of the target antenna.

[0076] In addition, in this embodiment, the three azimuth angles of the target antenna can also be calculated based on the time ratio method. The calculation formula is:

[0077]

[0078] Where θ”, ρ’, σ” respectively represent the azimuth of the target antenna on the xoy, zox, and yoz reference planes calculated by the time ratio method, c represents the speed of light, and t 13 The time difference t represents the time taken for the interference signal to reach the farther element in the Rydberg atomic group array located at the origin and on the y-axis. 23 The time difference between the time taken for the interference signal to reach the Rydberg atomic group array element on the x-axis and the time taken for the interference signal to reach the Rydberg atomic group array element on the y-axis is t 12The time difference between the time taken for the interference signal to reach the farther element in the Rydberg atomic group array located at the origin and on the x-axis is t 13 It represents the time difference between the time taken for the interference signal to reach the Rydberg atom array located at the origin and the time taken to reach the Rydberg atom array located on the y-axis.

[0079] Furthermore, the present invention can also combine the phase comparison method and the time comparison method to correct the target antenna measurement results, and the final results of the three azimuth angles of the target antenna are:

[0080] θ=min(θ', θ”), ρ=min(ρ’,ρ”), σ=min(σ’,σ”); (10)

[0081] Wherein, θ, ρ, σ represent the azimuth angle of the target antenna 18 on the xoy, zox, yoz reference planes calculated by combining the time comparison method and the phase comparison method.

[0082] After obtaining the azimuth angle of the target antenna, the three-dimensional position of the target antenna can be calculated according to the cone formula. The calculation formula is:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, (x, y, z) represents the position of the target antenna, (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2), (x3, y3, z3) represent the three-dimensional coordinates of the three array elements, θ, ρ, σ represent the azimuth of the target antenna in the xoy, zox, yoz reference planes, ε z , ε y , ε x are the elevation angles of the target antenna on the xoy, zox, and yoz reference planes respectively.

[0085] In this embodiment, the local oscillator microwave frequency is 12.00717 GHz, and the frequency difference between the microwaves emitted by the local oscillator antenna 16 and the target antenna 18 is in the range of 1 to 100 kHz. The local oscillator antenna 16 and the target antenna 18 are both standard gain antennas. In this embodiment, rectangular horn antennas are used, and the frequency range of the microwaves emitted can be 10-18 GHz. By selecting the target Rydberg state and adjusting the laser wavelength, the present invention can achieve positioning measurement of the target antenna in any Rydberg state, and the corresponding measurable range is the frequency interval between any Rydberg energy levels. The local oscillator antenna is set on the local oscillator antenna supporting mechanism 15, and the local oscillator antenna supporting mechanism 15 is a height-adjustable antenna platform. The simulated target antenna 18 is set on a height-adjustable two-dimensional translation stage 17. The phase measurement accuracy of the microwave electric field based on Rydberg atoms in this embodiment has reached 0.1°. The wave source is positioned using Rydberg atoms, such as Figure 7 As shown in the experiment, accurate positioning of each position of the two-dimensional linear translation stage can be achieved.

[0086] Furthermore, the apparatus for wave source positioning based on a Rydberg atom group array of this embodiment further includes a calibration antenna, wherein the calibration antenna is disposed on a two-dimensional translation stage; the two-dimensional translation stage is used to drive the calibration antenna to perform two-dimensional movement;

[0087] The calculation unit is used to calculate the fingerprint spectrum of the phase information and the actual position of the antenna according to the actual position of the calibration antenna and the phase information of the corresponding detection light signal;

[0088] The calculation unit obtains the position of the target antenna according to the fingerprint spectrum and the time phase information of the detection light signal corresponding to the target antenna.

[0089] There is a unique correspondence between the measured time phase value and the target's spatial position. Extracting information from the "fingerprint spectrum" can significantly shorten the time required to locate the wave source and provide a standard value for measurements in an obstacle-free space to mitigate errors caused by electronic countermeasures and spatial obstacles.

[0090] Furthermore, in this embodiment, an array beam splitter can be used to form multiple Rydberg atom group arrays, each corresponding to a different microwave frequency. This allows the present invention to achieve high-precision positioning of a target source radiating multi-frequency microwaves. Furthermore, multiple devices described herein can be formed into an array, with information interconnected between the devices, to form a positioning system for long-distance targets.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for wave source positioning based on a Rydberg atom group array, characterized in that: The invention comprises a detection laser (3), a first array beam splitter (6), an alkali metal atom gas chamber (7), a dichroic mirror (8), a coupling laser (14), a second array beam splitter (9), an intrinsic antenna (16), a photodetector group (20), and a computing unit (21). The laser light emitted by the detection laser (3) is divided into three parallel beams of detection light after passing through the first array beam splitter (6), forming an L-shaped array of detection light and incident on the alkali metal atom gas chamber (7), and then passing through the dichroic mirror (8) and incident on the photodetector group (20); the laser light emitted by the coupling laser (14) is divided into three parallel beams of coupling light after passing through the second array beam splitter, forming an L-shaped array of coupling light and respectively overlapping with the three beams of detection light and incident on the alkali metal atom gas chamber (7), forming a Rydberg atom group array (23) with an L-shaped cross section; The intrinsic antenna (16) is arranged on one side of the alkali metal atom gas chamber (7) and is used to transmit an intrinsic microwave signal to the Rydberg atom group array (23) in the alkali metal atom gas chamber (7) in a direction perpendicular to the detection light; The photoelectric detector group (20) is used to respectively receive the intensities of the three detection light signals and send them to the calculation unit; The calculation unit is used to calculate the three-dimensional position of the target antenna based on the phase difference information and time information of the three-beam detection light signal; The calculation formula for the three-dimensional position of the target antenna obtained by the calculation unit is: in,( x,y,z ) represents the position of the target antenna, ( )、( )、( ) represent the three-dimensional coordinates of the three array elements, , , Indicates that the target antenna is xoy, zox, yoz The azimuth of the datum plane, 、 、 The target antenna is xoy 、 zox, yoz Elevation angle above the datum.

2. The device for wave source positioning based on a Rydberg atom group array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first array beam splitter (6) and the second array beam splitter (9) are spatial light modulators, or combined beam splitters formed by a beam splitter and a plane reflector.

3. The device for wave source positioning based on Rydberg atom group array according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a calibration antenna, which is arranged on a height-adjustable two-dimensional translation stage; the two-dimensional translation stage is used to drive the calibration antenna to move two-dimensionally; The calculation unit is used to calculate the fingerprint spectrum of the time phase information and the actual position of the antenna according to the actual position of the calibration antenna and the time phase information of the corresponding detection light signal; The calculation unit obtains the position of the target antenna according to the fingerprint spectrum and the phase information and time information of the detection light signal corresponding to the target antenna.

4. The device for wave source positioning based on a Rydberg atom group array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation unit calculates three groups of arrival angles of the target antenna based on the time comparison method or the phase comparison method, or a combination of the time comparison method and the phase comparison method, and calculates the three-dimensional position of the target antenna according to the three groups of arrival angles.

5. The device for wave source positioning based on Rydberg atom group array according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the phase comparison method is: ； in, The target antenna is calculated by phase comparison method. xoy, zox, yoz Azimuth of the datum; l Indicates the relative optical path difference from the target antenna to the coordinate origin, , Relative optical path difference l exist x, y,z Components on the three coordinate axes; The relative optical path difference is yoz, zox,xoy Projection components on three datum planes; , , Represent the phase difference measured between the two array elements, d and h Represents the length of the baseline in the horizontal and vertical directions respectively, is the wave vector of microwave.

6. The device for wave source positioning based on Rydberg atom group array according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the time ratio method is: in, 、 、 They represent the target antenna calculated by the time ratio method. xoy, zox, yoz The azimuth of the datum plane, where 、 、 The target antenna is xoy 、 zox, yoz Elevation angle on the reference plane, , c represents the speed of light, It represents the difference in time taken for the interference signal to reach the Rydberg atomic group array element located at the origin and on the y-axis. It represents the difference in time taken for the interference signal to reach the Rydberg atom group elements on the x-axis and the y-axis. It represents the difference in time taken for the interference signal to reach the Rydberg atom array located at the origin and on the x-axis.

7. The device for wave source positioning based on a Rydberg atom group array according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific method of obtaining the three azimuth angles of the target antenna by combining the time comparison method or the phase comparison method is: ， in, , , It means that the target antenna is finally calculated by combining the time comparison method or phase comparison method. xoy, zox, yoz The azimuth of the datum.

8. The device for wave source positioning based on a Rydberg atom group array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes a first frequency-locking controller (1), a detection laser controller (2), a second frequency-locking controller (12) and a coupling laser controller (13); the first frequency-locking controller (1) and the second frequency-locking controller (12) are respectively used to frequency-lock the detection laser (3) and the coupling laser (14); and the detection laser controller (2) and the coupling laser controller (13) are respectively used to control the working states of the detection laser (3) and the coupling laser (14).

9. A wave source positioning system based on a Rydberg atomic group array, characterized in that: The device comprises a plurality of devices as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance information between the devices is known, the information between the devices is interconnected and the timing is synchronized.

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