Apparatus and method for forming chamfers on tooth flanks of a gear and cutting tool, insert and control program therefor

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for forming a chamfer (21) at an edge (20) defined by an end face (22) of a gear wheel (3) and a tooth surface (6, 7) adjoining the tooth portion of the gear wheel (3) using a cutting tool (1) having at least one cutting edge (11). Furthermore, the invention relates to a cutting tool for carrying out the method and to a blade, a device and a control program for carrying out the method. It is crucial that the cutting edge (11) machines only one machining section of the edge (20) per rotation of the cutting tool (1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for forming a chamfer on an edge using a cutting tool, the edge being defined by the end face of a gear and the adjacent tooth surface of the gear, the cutting tool having at least one cutting edge, wherein the gear and the cutting tool are respectively driven to rotate about a rotation axis at a predetermined speed ratio, thereby causing the at least one cutting edge to move in an involute manner along a segment of the edge in a material-cutting manner. The invention also relates to a cutting tool used in the method, an apparatus for carrying out the method, and a control program. Background Technology

[0002] Document WO 2015 / 185186 describes a method for machining a workpiece using a combination tool via a hobbing method. The combination tool includes cutting teeth with cutting edges that can deburr the tooth edges, wherein the axes of the tool and the workpiece are oriented parallel to each other.

[0003] Document DE 2157619 discloses an apparatus and method for deburring or breaking off the edges of the teeth of a gear using a gear-shaped cutting tool. The tool is driven to rotate relative to the gear-shaped workpiece at a fixed speed ratio, causing the cutting edge of the tool to process the edges by material reduction, with the tooth surface of the gear abutting the end face of the gear at the edges. A chamfer is formed at the edges. The axes of the workpiece and the tool extend offset from each other, causing the cutting edge to act on the workpiece in a cutting manner.

[0004] Furthermore, a method for machining gears by material reduction is known from document DE 102013012797A1, wherein the axes of the workpiece and the tool extend in an alternating manner.

[0005] Document DE 10258594 A1 describes a method for deburring gears using a grinding wheel that is rotatably driven about a rotation axis that extends parallel to the tool's rotation axis.

[0006] Documents DE 10002188 A1 and DE 101 16259A1 describe methods for forming undercuts on the tooth surfaces of gears. The cutting tool has multiple cutting edges arranged in a uniform circumferential distribution around the tool's axis of rotation. These cutting edges extend parallel to the tool's axis of rotation, which in turn extends parallel to the workpiece's axis of rotation. Multiple machining sections of the tooth surface are machined sequentially by changing their phase positions, wherein machining of opposing tooth surfaces is performed in a sequential manner, with the machining direction extending from the tooth tip to the tooth root.

[0007] Document DE 102017105032 A1 describes a tool holder for fixing a rhomboid blade.

[0008] Document DE 102019110481A1 describes an apparatus for manufacturing toothed workpieces, particularly sliding sleeves, wherein a cutting head carrying a cutting blade is preferably used. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve the above-mentioned type of method in a way that is convenient to use, and to provide tools and equipment that can be used for this purpose.

[0010] The technical problem is solved by the invention given in the claims, wherein the dependent claims are not only advantageous extensions of the invention in the parallel claims, but also independent solutions to the technical problem.

[0011] First and foremost, it is stipulated that the cutting edge processes only one segment of the edge in each rotation (or revolution) of the cutting tool. The deburred edge of the workpiece wheel's teeth is thus processed segmentally (or sequentially). The edges of the teeth are processed sequentially at different positions in time. This can be achieved according to the first aspect of the invention, namely, the cutting edges are not arranged with a uniform angular distribution around the tool's axis of rotation. The cutting edges, or the inserts carrying the cutting edges, are arranged with angular offsets relative to each other, so that they act on different positions of the workpiece wheel's teeth during the uniform synchronous rotation of the workpiece wheel and the tool, and especially on the deburred edge of the workpiece wheel's teeth. During the rotation of the workpiece wheel or the tool, the cutting edges act not only on different positions of different teeth but also on different teeth of the workpiece wheel. Thus, when processing the tooth edges, different teeth are processed at different positions simultaneously, and subsequently, after multiple rotations of the workpiece wheel and the tool, all positions of all teeth are processed. In this aspect of the invention, the phase position of the rotational motion of the workpiece wheel and the rotational motion of the tool preferably does not change. The cutting edges have different angular distances relative to adjacent cutting edges. Conversely, according to a second aspect of the invention, the phase position of the rotational motion of the workpiece wheel and the tool changes. Furthermore, it is stipulated that the rotation axis of the gear and the rotation axis of the cutting tool extend parallel to each other. The device according to the invention can have a drive device having two spindles. The tool spindle can carry the cutting tool. The workpiece spindle can carry the workpiece consisting of gears. Devices constructed in this way are used in the prior art for forming undercuts. Unlike methods for forming undercuts, the device according to the invention does not have, or rather, the method according to the invention does not use, a cutting edge extending parallel to the tool spindle. As known from other prior art, the cutting edge can extend at least partially in a radial plane, characterized in that the tool rotation axis is located in a radial plane. The extension direction of the cutting edge not only has a directional component parallel to the tool rotation axis. According to the invention, the cutting edge extension direction of at least one segment of the cutting edge also additionally has a directional component transverse to the tool rotation axis, that is, a component extending radially, particularly in the radial plane. Thus, the cutting edge can extend at least partially obliquely relative to the rotation axis of the tool. The angle between the rotation axes of the tool and the cutting edge, or the area of ​​the cutting edge, is preferably less than 80°, 70°, or 60°. It can also be less than 50°. This angle is preferably greater than 0°, 10°, 30°, or 40°. It is preferably between 60° and 30° or 50° and 40°. It can be 45°. According to the invention, the cutting edge is used to machine only the edge where the tooth surface of the gear is adjacent to the end face of the gear. The machining of this edge can be performed through multiple sequential machining steps. In each machining step, only one section of the edge is machined. To change the position of the machined section, the phase position between the rotational motion of the tool and the rotational motion of the workpiece can be changed.However, the axial positions of the tool rotation axis and the workpiece rotation axis can be changed while maintaining the parallelism of the tool rotation axis and the workpiece rotation axis. Using the method and apparatus according to the invention, deburring can be performed not only on workpieces with internal teeth but also on workpieces with external teeth. The radial distance of the cutting edge relative to the axis of rotation of the tool is preferably less than the radial distance of the tooth relative to the axis of rotation of the workpiece. The cutting edge has an involute trajectory relative to the workpiece during machining. According to one aspect of the invention, the edges of two opposing tooth surfaces can be deburred sequentially without changing the rotational directions of the workpiece rotation axis and the tool rotation axis. When machining the first edge of these two tooth surfaces, machining is performed from the tooth tip to the tooth root. When machining the second edge of these two tooth surfaces, machining is performed from the tooth root to the tooth tip. According to a first aspect of the invention, two opposing tooth surfaces of the tooth are machined using different cutting edges, each constructed from an insert. Thus, the support carrying these cutting blades carries a first cutting blade and a second cutting blade. The first cutting blade processes the first tooth surface of the tooth in the same rotation of the tool, and the second cutting blade processes the second tooth surface of the tooth in the same rotation of the tool, wherein the first tooth surface and the second tooth surface are opposite to each other. Preferably, the support carries a third cutting blade, which processes a third tooth surface segment of the tooth in the same rotation of the tool. The support preferably carries a fourth cutting blade, which processes a fourth tooth surface segment of the tooth in the same rotation of the tool, and the support preferably also carries a fifth cutting blade, which processes a fifth tooth surface segment of the tooth in the same rotation of the tool. The tooth surface segment is composed of segments of opposing tooth surfaces and / or tooth roots. According to a second aspect of the invention, the entire edge belonging to the first tooth surface can be processed in a single first processing stage, and the entire edge belonging to the second tooth surface can be processed in a single second processing stage. Edges belonging to the tooth root can be processed in an intermediate stage. The cutting edge is preferably composed of a cutting blade, and particularly preferably of an indexable cutting blade (or indexable insert). The cutting edge is defined by the cutting surface adjacent to the flank face. The flank face and the cutting surface can each extend in a plane. The cutting angle between the flank face and the cutting surface can be less than 90°, 80°, 60°, or 50°. The cutting angle is preferably greater than 0°, 10°, 30°, or 40°. The cutting angle can be between 30° and 60°, and can be 50°. The cutting edge can be constructed from the edge section of the base body. The cutting edge can be an extension of the edge of the base body. In one embodiment of the invention, the cutting edge is constructed from the free-cutting (freigeschnittenen) angular region of the base body. The base body can have two wide side surfaces extending parallel to each other. During machining, the edge to be chamfered can be inserted into the free-cutting angular region. The wide side surface can have a rhomboid base. The cutting edge is preferably located in the angular region of the base body. The side surface of the base body has an angle greater than the cutting angle relative to the wide side surface. The transition angle between the wide side surface and the side surface can be 70° or 80°.In a preferred embodiment, the flank face is constructed through a freely ground angular region. This freely ground (freigeschliffene) angular region can form a bevel. However, it can also be formed by angular grooves. The insert material can be hard metal or ceramic. The device according to the invention has an electronic controller programmed with the control program according to the invention. The control program included in the electronic controller is configured to implement the above-described method. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method and device in which the azimuth distance between two adjacent cutting edges of the cutting tool and, particularly, the azimuth distance between two inserts sequentially arranged circumferentially is greater than the azimuth distance between two adjacent teeth of the workpiece wheel. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0013] Figure 1 The gear-shaped workpiece is shown in radial section, having been deburred by a tool with cutting edges.

[0014] Figure 2 Showing according to Figure 1 View from section line II,

[0015] Figure 3 The first embodiment of the machining method is shown, in which the edge segments of the tooth surface are machined through multiple sequential machining steps.

[0016] Figure 4 A second embodiment of the machining method is shown, in which each of the two tooth surfaces is deburred through exactly one machining step, wherein the tooth root is machined in the intermediate step.

[0017] Figure 5 A first embodiment of an indexable cutting tool for implementing the method is shown from several different perspectives.

[0018] Figure 5a Show Figure 5 The image shows a side view of an indexable insert, where the viewing angle corresponds to the direction of the cutting edge's extension.

[0019] Figure 6 The cutting tool used to implement the method is shown, which is equipped with three according to Figure 5 The indexable insert shown,

[0020] Figure 7 The cutting process of the indexable insert for edge machining is shown in a magnified 3D view.

[0021] Figure 8 The second embodiment of the indexable blade is shown corresponding to Figure 5 Diagram;

[0022] Figure 8a Show Figure 8 The indexable insert shown corresponds to Figure 5a A side view, where the viewing angle corresponds to the direction of the cutting edge's extension.

[0023] Figure 9 The cutting tool used to implement the method is shown, which is equipped with three according to Figure 8 The indexable insert shown,

[0024] Figure 10 Showing the corresponding Figure 7 The view, however, uses according to Figure 8 Indexable inserts,

[0025] Figure 11 A perspective view of the device is shown when the method according to the invention is implemented.

[0026] Figure 12 Enlarged display Figure 11 Local XII in

[0027] Figure 13 An axial view of a bracket with a total of five blades according to a third embodiment of the present invention is shown, and

[0028] Figure 14 The tooth surface section is shown. When the cutting tool rotates continuously around its axis of rotation, the axis of rotation of the cutting tool remains basically fixed relative to the axis of rotation of the workpiece wheel during machining. The tooth surface section is machined by the cutting tool in sequence. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The method according to the invention allows for deburring of toothed workpiece wheels, for example by hobbing, milling, or other suitable methods. Using this method, the edges where the tooth surfaces 6, 7 of the gear 3's teeth 5 meet the end face 22 of the gear 3 are deburred. A chamfer is machined at these edges 20. This method can deburr not only workpiece wheels with internal teeth but also workpiece wheels with external teeth. In this embodiment, the deburring of the gear 3 with internal teeth is described.

[0030] Tool 1 is driven to rotate about tool rotation axis 2 using a tool spindle (not shown, driven by a motor, not shown, and having a chuck that holds tool 1). Workpiece wheel 3 is driven to rotate about workpiece rotation axis 4 using a workpiece spindle (not shown, driven by a motor, not shown, and having a chuck that carries a toothed gear 3). Using a programmable control device (not shown), the tool spindle is driven to rotate about tool rotation axis 2 and the workpiece spindle is driven to rotate about tool rotation axis 4, thereby causing the cutting edge 11 of tool 1 to move on a cycloidal trajectory, wherein a segment of the involute trajectory extends through a segment of the edge 20 to be deburred. By changing the phase position of the rotational motion of the tool spindle and / or the workpiece spindle, and / or by changing the axial position of the two spindles, the machining segment (in which the cutting edge 11 engages with the edge 20 to be deburred) moves along the direction of extension of the edge 20.

[0031] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The direction of the involute trajectory used for deburring edge 20 is shown. Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the edge 20 of the first tooth surface 6 is deburred through a series of sequential machining steps. First, the edge of the first tooth surface 6 is machined, followed by the edge of the tooth root 9, and then the edge of the second tooth surface 7 is directly machined in that order. When machining the edge 20 of the tooth surface 6, the cutting direction is from the tooth tip to the tooth root. When machining the tooth surface 7, which is opposite to the tooth surface 6, the cutting direction is from the tooth root to the tooth tip. Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the edges of tooth surfaces 6 and 7 are each processed through a single, unique step.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the tool rotation axis 2 and the workpiece rotation axis 4 lie in a common plane and extend parallel to each other. In this embodiment, each cutting edge 11 is constructed from a single insert 10, extending around the tool rotation axis 2 on the conical side. The cutting edges 11 extend linearly and form an acute angle α between 30° and 60° with the tool rotation axis 2. The cutting edges 11 can be located, for example, in a radial plane referencing the tool rotation axis 2. However, the cutting edges can also extend with a slight directional offset relative to this radial plane.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the present invention, using the same cutting edge 11, without changing the direction of rotation, deburring is performed sequentially on the tooth surface 6, tooth root 9, and opposing tooth surface 7 by changing the phase position and / or axial position of the tool rotation axis 2 and the workpiece rotation axis 4 during the machining steps. Here, cutting of the first tooth surface 6 is performed from the tooth tip to the root, while cutting of the second tooth surface 7 is performed from the tooth root to the tooth surface. The insert 10 suitable for this type of method... Figure 5 , Figure 5a as well as Figure 8 and Figure 8a As shown in the image. Figure 6 and Figure 7 as well as Figure 9 and Figure 10 A cutting head equipped with a blade 10 is shown, and the cutting edge 11 of the blade 10 is shown in three dimensions as a cutting edge on a workpiece. The cutting edge 11 forms a section of the edge of the base of the blade 10.

[0034] Figure 5 , Figure 5a An indexable insert 10 with a rhomboid base is shown. The acute-angled segments of the indexable insert 10 constitute cutting edges 11. The wide side 23 of the cutting edge constitutes a cutting surface 12. The base of the insert 10 is ground in the angular regions to form a grinding surface 15. A flank face 13 is formed by grinding, which, adjacent to the cutting surface 12, forms the cutting edge 11. The flank face 13 and the cutting surface 12 have an angle α of approximately 50° between them, thus forming a cutting angle β of approximately 50°. This relatively small cutting angle allows the above method to be implemented. The angular segments are dulled by grinding 17.

[0035] Figure 8 and Figure 8a A second embodiment of the indexable insert 10 is shown, which also has a grinding face 15, which forms a flank face 13 extending at a cutting angle β of approximately 50° relative to the cutting face 12. The cutting face 12 is formed here by the side surface 19 of the insert 10's base. This angular section is also dulled by the grinding edge 17.

[0036] Figure 11 and Figure 12 The angle of attack is shown as the change in the direction of the cutting surface 12 relative to the edge 20 to be machined during the machining of tooth surfaces 6 and 7. During machining, the edge 20 enters the angular region of the free grinding of the insert 20.

[0037] Figure 13 and Figure 14 The scheme of the above method and the scheme of the equipment used to implement the above method are described.

[0038] The cutting tool 1 is constructed via a support 24, which carries multiple cutting blades 10. The support 24 is rotatably driven about the tool's rotation axis 2. The cutting blades 10 have different functions. The cutting blades A1, A2, A3, B, and C are arranged angularly offset about the tool's rotation axis 2, so that when the cutting tool 1 rotates continuously and synchronously about the tool's rotation axis 2 to make the workpiece wheel 3 rotate about the workpiece rotation axis 4, these cutting blades act sequentially at different positions on the teeth 5 of the workpiece wheel 3 without changing their phase positions. The effect that can be achieved by changing the phase positions in the aforementioned method is, in this embodiment of the invention, achieved by the angular offset of the cutting blades A1, A2, A3, B, and C to achieve a circumferential position with a uniform angular distribution around the rotation axis 2.

[0039] The cutting tool A1 is fixed on the support 24, so that the cutting tool performs the first cutting operation on the first tooth on the first tooth surface section A1s.

[0040] The insert A2 is fixed on the bracket 24, so that the insert performs a second cutting operation on the second tooth on the second tooth surface section A2s.

[0041] The insert A3 is fixed on the bracket 24, so that the insert performs a third cutting operation on the third tooth on the third tooth surface section A3s.

[0042] The insert B is fixed on the bracket 24, so that the insert performs the fourth cutting operation on the fourth tooth on the fourth tooth section Bs.

[0043] Insert C is fixed on support 24, thereby enabling the insert to perform the fifth cutting operation on the fifth tooth portion of the fifth tooth surface section Cs. Inserts A1, A2, A3, B, and C each have different angular distances relative to their adjacent inserts.

[0044] According to the regulations, during rotation, the first to fifth tooth sections are machined sequentially and are different from each other. Furthermore, it is stipulated that during rotation, the first to fifth tooth surface sections are machined sequentially and are different from each other. Additionally, it is stipulated that the first to fifth cutting operations are performed sequentially on the different tooth sections without changing the phase position of the rotational motion of the workpiece spindle and the tool spindle of the rotary tool.

[0045] It can be specified that several cutting tools A1, A2, and A3 are designed identically to each other. Furthermore, it can be specified that cutting tools A1, A2, and A3, and other cutting tools B and C, differ in their design. It can also be specified that the first to fifth tooth surface segments A1s, A2s, A3s, Bs, and Cs overlap each other. Furthermore, it can be specified that tooth surface segments A1s, A2s, A3s, Bs, and Cs belong to different tooth surfaces 6, 7, and / or tooth roots 9. In this embodiment, the tooth surface segment Cs machined by cutting tool C extends through tooth surface 7 and partially extends through tooth root 9. The tooth surface segment Bs machined by cutting tool B extends through tooth surface 6 opposite to tooth surface 7 and partially extends through tooth root 9. Cutting tools B and C are thus tooth surface machining cutting tools. They can be designed differently from each other. Cutting tools A1, A2, and A3 can be designed identically to each other. They machine tooth surface segments A1s, A2s, and A3s that extend substantially along tooth root 9. Using a cutting tool, chamfers are successively and locally machined on the edge 20 of the tooth 5 (the chamfer extends from the tooth tip of one tooth 5 to the tooth tip of the adjacent tooth 5) until a chamfer extends uninterruptedly from one tooth tip to the adjacent tooth tip 8.

[0046] exist Figure 14 The diagram shows consecutive tooth grooves or teeth manufactured by different cutting tools A1 to C. This can also be specified in terms of the corresponding angles between two adjacent cutting tools A1 to C. In one embodiment of the invention, the azimuth distance between two adjacent cutting tools A1 to C1 is greater than the azimuth distance between two adjacent teeth of the workpiece wheel, and at least one tooth groove is formed between the teeth 5 machined by the cutting tools A1 to C that are adjacent in the azimuth direction, or the tooth 5 that is machined first as the workpiece wheel 5 continues to rotate.

[0047] Therefore, the present invention relates in particular to a method and apparatus in which the azimuth distance between two adjacent cutting edges 11 is greater than, in particular, twice or three times the azimuth distance between two adjacent teeth 5 of the workpiece wheel 3.

[0048] The above embodiments are used to illustrate all the inventions included in this application. The present invention makes inventive improvements to the prior art through at least the following technical features, wherein two, more, or all of the technical features can also be combined, that is:

[0049] A method characterized in that the cutting edge 11 processes only one section of the edge 20 during each rotation of the cutting tool 1.

[0050] A method characterized in that multiple processed sections of edge 20 are manufactured by different cutting edges 11 of a cutting tool 1, which act sequentially on different teeth 5 of workpiece wheel 3 as the cutting tool 1 rotates about its axis of rotation 2.

[0051] A method characterized in that the cutting edge 11 is constructed by mutually different inserts A1, A2, A3, B, C belonging to the same cutting tool, and / or the inserts A1, A2, A3, B, C are arranged in uneven angular positions around the tool rotation axis 2, the cutting edge 11 of the inserts acting at different positions on the edge 20, and / or the cutting edges 11 of the inserts A1, A2, A3, B, C acting on the edge (20) in a phase shifting manner.

[0052] A cutting tool is characterized in that at least a plurality of cutting edges 11 of blades A1, A2, A3, B, and C are arranged in an angularly staggered manner, so that when they rotate uniformly and synchronously, the cutting edges act on different positions of the teeth 5 of the workpiece wheel 3.

[0053] A method characterized in that the machining section of the edge 20 is gradually moved along the edge 20 by changing the phase position of the rotation of the cutting tool 1 and the rotation of the gear 3, and / or the edge 20 of the first tooth surface 7 is machined along the machining direction from the tooth tip 8 to the tooth root 9, and immediately thereafter the edge 20 of the second tooth surface 8 opposite to the first tooth surface 7 is machined along the machining direction from the tooth root 9 to the tooth tip 8, and / or the cutting edge 11 is constructed of a blade 10, and / or the cutting tool 1 has a plurality of cutting edges 11 arranged around the rotation axis 2 in a uniform circumferential distribution, each of the cutting edges being constructed of a blade 10.

[0054] A method characterized in that, in particular, the cutting edge 11 extends in a straight line at an angle α less than 90°, 80°, 60° or 50° and greater than 0°, 10°, 30° or 40° relative to the tool rotation axis 2.

[0055] A method characterized in that the cutting edge 11 is formed by the polished flank face 13 and one of the side faces 19 of the insert 10.

[0056] A cutting blade 10, characterized in that the cutting angle β is less than 70° or 60° and greater than 20°, 30° or 40°.

[0057] A cutting blade, characterized in that the cutting edge 11 is constructed through a freely ground angular region of the substrate, wherein, in particular, the flank face 13 is constructed through a freely cut angular region.

[0058] An apparatus for implementing the method is characterized in that rotation axes 2 and 4 extend parallel to each other, and the extension direction of the cutting edge 11 has a component of radial extension relative to the rotation axis 2 of the tool.

[0059] A control program, when running on the control device of the device, controls the implementation of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

[0060] All disclosed features (either individually or in different combinations) are essential to the invention. The disclosure of this application also includes the entire disclosure of the subordinate / attached priority document (text of the earlier application), and for this purpose, the features of that document are also included in the claims of this application. Dependent claims, by virtue of their features, characterize unique inventive improvements to the prior art even when they do not possess the technical features of the cited claims, and are particularly useful for divisional applications based on such technical features. The invention given in each claim may additionally have one or more features that are specifically provided with reference numerals in the foregoing description and / or given in the list of reference numerals. The invention also relates to various design options in which certain technical features mentioned in the foregoing description are not implemented, especially when they are considered irrelevant to the corresponding purpose of use or can be replaced by other means with the same technical effect.

[0061] List of reference numerals

[0062] 1. Cutting tools

[0063] 2. Tool rotation axis

[0064] 3. Workpiece wheels, gears

[0065] 4. Workpiece rotation axis

[0066] 5. Teeth

[0067] 6 tooth surface

[0068] 7 tooth surface

[0069] 8 Tooth tip

[0070] 9. Tooth root

[0071] 10 blades

[0072] 11 Cutting edge

[0073] 12 Cutting surfaces

[0074] 13. Back face

[0075] 14 Drilling

[0076] 15. Sharpening

[0077] 16 Side View

[0078] 17 Grinding discs

[0079] 18 edges

[0080] 19 Side View

[0081] 20 edges

[0082] 21. Bevel

[0083] 22 End face

[0084] 23 Wide side

[0085] 23' wide side

[0086] 24 brackets

[0087] A1 Blade

[0088] A2 blade

[0089] A3 blade

[0090] B blade

[0091] C blade

[0092] A1s tooth surface section

[0093] A2s tooth surface section

[0094] A3s tooth surface section

[0095] α angle

[0096] β cutting angle

Claims

1. A method for forming a chamfer (21) at an edge (20) defined by an end face (22) of a gear and a tooth surface (6, 7) adjoining the tooth surface (6, 7) of the gear at a tooth portion (5) of the gear, using a cutting tool (1) having at least one cutting edge (11), wherein the gear and the cutting tool (1) are driven in rotation about their axes of rotation (2, 4) at a predetermined rotational speed ratio, such that the at least one cutting edge (11) moves in a material-removing manner along a segment of an involute of the edge (20), wherein the axes of rotation (2, 4) of the gear and the cutting tool (1) extend parallel to one another and the direction of extension of the cutting edge (11) has a directional component extending in a radial direction with respect to the axis of rotation (2) of the cutting tool (1), characterized in that the cutting edge (11) machines only one machining segment of the edge (20) in each rotation of the cutting tool (1).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The machining segments of the edge (20) are produced by different cutting edges (11) of the cutting tool (1), which act in succession on mutually different tooth portions (5) of the workpiece wheel in succession when the cutting tool (1) is rotated about its axis of rotation (2).

3. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The cutting edges (11) are formed by mutually different inserts (Al, A2, A3, B, C) which belong to the same cutting tool (1).

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The inserts (Al, A2, A3, B, C) are arranged at irregular angular positions about the tool axis of rotation (2), the cutting edges of the inserts acting at different positions on the edge (2).

5. The method of claim 3, wherein, The cutting edges (11) of the inserts (Al, A2, A3, B, C) act on the edge (20) with a phase shift.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The machining segments of the edge (20) are shifted stepwise along the edge (20) by changing the phase position of the rotation of the cutting tool (1) and the rotation of the gear.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The edge (20) of a first tooth surface (7) is machined in a machining direction from a tooth tip (8) to a tooth root (9) and the edge (20) of a second tooth surface (8) opposite the first tooth surface (7) is machined in a machining direction from the tooth root (9) to the tooth tip (8) immediately thereafter.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, The cutting edge (11) is formed by an insert (10).

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, The cutting tool (1) has a plurality of cutting edges (11) which are arranged about the axis of rotation (2) in a uniform circumferential distribution, each of the cutting edges being formed by one insert (10).

10. A cutting tool for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, having a holder (24) carrying a plurality of inserts (Al, A2, A3, B, C) arranged around an axis of rotation (2), wherein Each insert (Al, A2, A3, B, C) has a cutting edge (11), wherein the cutting edges (11) are arranged in an angular distribution about the axis of rotation (2) such that the cutting edges (11) act in succession on mutually different tooth portions (5) of the workpiece wheel in succession when the workpiece wheel is uniformly synchronously rotated by the carrier (24), characterized in that at least several cutting edges (11) of the inserts (Al, A2, A3, B, C) are arranged with an angular offset with respect to one another such that the inserts act at mutually different positions on the tooth portions (5) of the workpiece wheel when the uniform synchronous rotation is performed.

11. The cutting tool according to claim 10, characterized in that, The linearly extending cutting edge (11) extends at an angle (a) of less than 80° and more than 30° with respect to the tool axis of rotation (2).

12. The cutting tool according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, The cutting edge (11) is formed by the ground relief face (13) and one of the side faces (19) of the insert (10).

13. A blade (10) for use in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the blade having a cutting face (12), the blade being configured to have broad sides (23, 23') extending parallel to each other and to have a base with a side face (19) having an angle of at least 80° with respect to the broad sides (23, 23'), the cutting face adjoining a relief face (13) at a cutting angle (β) in the case of constituting a cutting edge (11), wherein The cutting angle (β) is less than 60° and greater than 40°, characterized in that the cutting edge (11) is formed by a free-cutting or free-ground corner region of the base body and the relief face (13) is formed by a free-cutting or free-ground corner region.

14. An apparatus for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a blade (10) according to claim 13; comprising drive means for fixing the cutting tool (1) and rotating the cutting tool (1) about a tool rotation axis (2), and for fixing the gearwheel to be machined and rotating the gearwheel about a workpiece rotation axis (4); and comprising control means which are set up for the adjustment and movement of the drive means, so that the cutting edge (11) is moved in a material-removing manner along a section of the evolvent of the edge (20), the tooth surface (6, 7) of the tooth portion (5) of the gearwheel abutting against the end face (22) of the gearwheel, wherein, The rotational axes (2, 4) extend parallel to one another and the direction of extension of the cutting edges (11) has a component extending in the radial direction with reference to the tool rotational axis (2), characterized in that at least several cutting edges (11) of the inserts (A1, A2, A3, B, C) are arranged angularly offset from one another so that they act at mutually different locations of the toothings (5) of the workpiece wheel when rotating uniformly in synchronism.

15. A control program product for controlling the implementation of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 when the control program product is run on a control device of an apparatus according to claim 10.

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