An elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with built-in sensors

Abstract

The present invention provides an elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor, which includes a lower bearing plate, an upper bearing plate, and a detection module. The lower bearing plate is provided with a shoulder structure, the upper bearing plate is provided with a limiting block, and the detection module is arranged between the shoulder structure and the limiting block and is detachably connected to the shoulder structure. The detection module can be connected to an external data collector and is used for at least real-time monitoring of the lateral force on the fastener and the strain condition of the detection module. By means of the detection module, the present invention can at least perform real-time monitoring of the lateral force on the fastener and the strain condition of the detection module, so as to perform automatic and intelligent real-time monitoring of the force condition and safe service condition of the fastener. Once the signals of the pressure or strain sensors show sudden changes or abnormalities, it indicates that there are problems with the fastener or the track line, which is conducive to timely and effectively discovering potential safety hazards in the track system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, and particularly relates to an elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, urban rail transit systems such as subways and light rails in China have developed rapidly, effectively alleviating the tense situation of urban traffic. In this series of constructions, the fastener system is essential. The fastener is a connecting piece between the rail and the sleeper, and is connected to the rail by means of a spring clip pressing the rail, and is connected to the sleeper by means of an anchor bolt. In the urban rail transit industry, the current fastener system is the track vibration damping product with the largest consumption.

[0003] The existing fastener system is composed of coupling pads, base plates, elastic pads, spring clips, anchor bolts and other spare parts. During the actual operation of the subway, the stress state of the fastener is very complex, and it is particularly important to accurately evaluate the stress of the fastener. Traditional fasteners cannot collect the safety state of the fastener during service in real time. If it is necessary to evaluate the stress and safe service condition of the fastener, sensors are usually arranged manually on site and connected to the collector, which is time-consuming and laborious, and the installation quality of the sensors cannot be guaranteed, and the collected data has large errors. At the same time, the lateral force of the fastener can reflect the working state of the fastener and the gauge maintaining ability, while the existing fasteners cannot measure the lateral force of the fastener in real time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose an elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor to solve the problem that it is difficult to automatically and intelligently monitor the stress condition and safe service condition of the fastener system during its service in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows:

[0006] An elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor, comprising a lower pad, an upper pad and a detection module. The lower pad is provided with a shoulder structure, the upper pad is provided with a limiting block, the detection module is arranged between the shoulder structure and the limiting block and is detachably connected to the shoulder structure, and the detection module can be connected to an external data collector for at least real-time monitoring of the lateral force of the fastener and the strain condition of the detection module.

[0007] Further, the detection module includes a pressure sensor, a plug and a strain sensor. The pressure sensor and the strain sensor are arranged on the side of the plug facing the track for detecting the lateral force of the fastener and the strain condition of the plug.

[0008] Further, the shoulder structure has an assembly cavity, the detection module is arranged in the assembly cavity, and the detection module is in contact with at least part of the inner wall of the assembly cavity and the limiting block respectively, and the detection module is fixedly connected with the shoulder structure through a fastener.

[0009] Further, the plug has a second fitting surface, and a corresponding first fitting surface is arranged in the assembly cavity, and the second fitting surface is in contact and fit with the first fitting surface; a limiting platform is arranged in the assembly cavity, and the plug is clamped with the limiting platform.

[0010] Further, the plug is provided with a receiving cavity on the side facing the track, the pressure sensor is fixed in the receiving cavity, the plug is provided with an avoidance groove, one end of the avoidance groove is communicated with the receiving cavity, and the other end is communicated with the external environment.

[0011] Further, a drag reduction sheet is arranged on the side of the plug facing the track, the drag reduction sheet is clamped with the plug, at least part of the structure of the drag reduction sheet is in contact with the upper backing plate, and the strain sensor is connected to the side surface of the drag reduction sheet facing the track.

[0012] The plug is provided with a convex block on the side close to the track, the convex block is clamped with the limiting block, and the lower end surface of the convex block is in contact with the upper plate surface of the upper backing plate.

[0013] Further, the elastic restraint type vibration damping fastener includes a pressing plate, and the pressing plate is arranged at the upper part of the assembly cavity and is clamped with the upper end of the shoulder structure.

[0014] Further, the pressing plate has a protection cavity, and the inner wall of the protection cavity is in contact with the fastener to limit the fastener.

[0015] Further, clamping arms are arranged at both ends of the pressing plate, a limiting arm is arranged at the upper end of the shoulder structure, a limiting platform is arranged in the assembly cavity, a clamping groove is formed between the limiting arm and the limiting platform, and the clamping arms are arranged in the clamping groove; clamping claws are arranged on the bottom surface of the pressing plate, and the clamping claws are in contact with the limiting block.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the elastic restraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] An elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with built-in sensors according to the present invention monitors the overall force condition during the use of the fastener and the safety state of the track line by arranging a detection module inside the vibration damping fastener, ensuring the safe operation of the fastener; during the service process of the fastener, at least the lateral force of the fastener and the strain condition of the detection module can be monitored in real time through the detection module. By judging the lateral force and strain data signals of the fastener, the overall service state of the fastener is evaluated, and the force condition and safe service condition of the fastener can be monitored automatically and intelligently in real time. Once the signals of the pressure or strain sensors show sudden changes or anomalies, it indicates that there are problems with the fastener or the track line, which is conducive to timely and effectively discovering potential safety hazards in the track system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings forming a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 is an axonometric view of an elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with built-in sensors according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of an elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with built-in sensors according to an embodiment of the present invention after removing the pressure plate and the under-rail pad;

[0021] Figure 3 is an exploded view of an elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with built-in sensors according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is an exploded schematic view of the detection module in an elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with built-in sensors according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the lower backing plate in an elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with built-in sensors according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the pressure plate in an elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with built-in sensors according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Description of the reference numerals:

[0026] 1. Lower backing plate; 11. Shoulder structure; 12. Assembly cavity; 13. First fitting surface; 14. Limit platform; 15. Limit arm; 16. First fixing hole; 2. Vibration damping pad; 3. Upper backing plate; 31. Limit block; 4. Pressure sensor; 5. Plug block; 51. Accommodation cavity; 52. Avoidance groove; 53. Second fixing hole; 54. Second fitting surface; 55. Protrusion; 6. Strain sensor; 7. Drag reduction sheet; 71. Fixed section; 72. Detection section; 8. Pressing plate; 81. Clamping arm; 82. Protection cavity; 83. Claw; 84. Weight reduction groove; 9. Fastener; 10. Detection module. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] The following will describe the inventive concepts of the present disclosure using terms that are commonly used by those skilled in the art to convey the substance of their work to other technicians in the art. However, these inventive concepts may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0028] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0029] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0030] In the prior art, traditional fasteners cannot collect the safety status of fasteners during their service in real time. If it is necessary to evaluate the force on the fasteners and their safe service conditions, sensors are usually arranged manually on site and connected to the collector, which is time-consuming and laborious, and the installation quality of the sensors cannot be guaranteed, and the collected data has a large error. At the same time, the lateral force of the fasteners can reflect the working state of the fasteners and the gauge maintaining ability, while the existing fasteners cannot measure the lateral force of the fasteners in real time.

[0031] To solve the problem that it is difficult to automatically and intelligently monitor the force condition and safe service status of the fastener system in the prior art, this embodiment proposes an elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with built-in sensors. As shown in the attached Figure 1-6 figure, the elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener includes a lower backing plate 1, an upper backing plate 3, and a detection module 10. The lower backing plate 1 is provided with a shoulder structure 11, the upper backing plate 3 is provided with a limit block 31, the detection module 10 is arranged between the shoulder structure 11 and the limit block 31 and is detachably connected to the shoulder structure 11. The detection module 10 can be connected to an external data collector and is used to at least monitor the lateral force on the fasteners and the strain condition of the detection module 10 in real time.

[0032] Thus, by arranging a detection module 10 inside the vibration damping fastener, the overall stress condition during the use of the fastener and the safety state of the track line are monitored to ensure the safe operation of the fastener. During the service life of the fastener, at least the lateral force of the fastener and the strain condition of the detection module 10 can be monitored in real time. By judging the lateral force and strain data signals of the fastener, the overall service state of the fastener is evaluated, and the stress condition and safe service condition of the fastener can be monitored automatically and intelligently in real time. Once the signals of the pressure or strain sensors show sudden changes or anomalies, it indicates that there are problems with the fastener or the track line, which is conducive to timely and effectively discovering potential safety hazards in the track system.

[0033] In addition, the elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener further includes conventional spare parts such as a vibration damping pad 2, an under-rail pad, a spring clip, and a fastener 9. The lower end of the built-in sensor elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener is installed on basic components such as sleepers and slab track beds of the track foundation through the fastener 9, and the upper end realizes the constraint on the rail through the spring clip. At the same time, the vibration damping pad 2 is located between the upper iron pad and the lower iron pad, and the upper and lower iron pads are pressed tightly through the detection module 10 and pre-assembled through the fastener 9. For conventional spare parts such as the vibration damping pad 2, the under-rail pad, the spring clip, and the fastener 9, their structures and assembly conditions can all adopt existing technologies and will not be elaborated here.

[0034] The shoulder structure 11 has an assembly cavity 12, the detection module 10 is arranged in the assembly cavity 12, and the detection module 10 is respectively in contact with at least part of the inner wall of the assembly cavity 12 and the limiting block 31. The detection module 10 and the shoulder structure 11 are fixedly connected through the fastener 9. Thus, the detection module 10 is abutted and limited in the assembly cavity 12 by the lower pad 1 and the upper pad 3, and then the detection module 10 is fixedly connected with the lower pad 1 by using the fastener 9, which is beneficial to improving the installation reliability of the detection module 10.

[0035] The detection module 10 includes a pressure sensor 4, a plug 5, and a strain sensor 6. The pressure sensor 4 and the strain sensor 6 are arranged on one side of the plug 5 facing the track for detecting the lateral force of the fastener and the strain condition of the plug 5. The plug 5 is respectively in contact with at least part of the inner wall of the assembly cavity 12 and the limiting block 31. The plug 5 is provided with a second fixing hole 53, and the lower pad 1 is provided with a first fixing hole 16 in the assembly cavity 12. The fastener 9 penetrates through the first fixing hole 16 and the second fixing hole 53 to fixedly connect the plug 5 with the shoulder structure 11. Among them, the plug 5 has a second fitting surface 54, and a corresponding first fitting surface 13 is arranged in the assembly cavity 12. The second fitting surface 54 is in contact and fits with the first fitting surface 13. In the assembly cavity 12, limiting platforms 14 are respectively arranged at both wings of the first fitting surface 13, and both ends of the plug 5 are clamped with the corresponding limiting platforms 14.

[0036] Preferably, the plug 5 is a wedge-shaped plug made of glass fiber reinforced nylon 66. The second fitting surface 54 is an inclined surface, and correspondingly, the first fitting surface 13 is also an inclined surface. Thus, by the plug 5 abutting against and being limited by the limiting platform 14, the first fitting surface 13, and the limiting block 31 respectively, the plug 5 can always be firmly assembled between the lower base plate 1 and the upper base plate 3, which is beneficial to reducing the lateral displacement of the fastener.

[0037] For the pressure sensor 4, the pressure sensor 4 may not be connected to the plug 5, but directly installed on the upper base plate 3, and the position for the sensor is reserved through the elastic strip seat to fix the pressure sensor 4 to the upper base plate 3. However, considering module integration and assembly convenience, the present application preferably connects the pressure sensor 4 to the plug 5. A receiving cavity 51 is provided on one side of the plug 5 facing the track, and the pressure sensor 4 is fixed in the receiving cavity 51. At the same time, an avoidance groove 52 is also provided on the plug 5. One end of the avoidance groove 52 communicates with the receiving cavity 51, and the other end communicates with the external environment, so that the terminal wire of the pressure sensor 4 can pass through the receiving cavity 51 and be connected to an external data collector. Among them, the pressure sensor 4 is preferably a piezoelectric pressure sensor and contacts the plug 5. When a train passes by, a lateral force will be generated, and the lateral force data can be collected by the pressure sensor 4. By judging whether the pressure signal is stable and normal, the service state of the fastener can be monitored and judged in real time.

[0038] For the strain sensor 6, the strain sensor 6 can be directly pasted on one side of the plug 5 facing the track and extend the terminal wire to be connected to an external data collector. However, considering that although the plug 5 is fixedly connected to the lower base plate 1, there is only abutting or clamping between the plug 5 and the upper base plate 3. In order to relieve the friction between the plug 5 and the upper base plate 3 during the use of the fastener, a friction reduction sheet 7 is provided on one side of the plug 5 facing the track. The friction reduction sheet 7 is clamped to the plug 5, and at least part of the structure of the friction reduction sheet 7 abuts against the upper base plate 3. The friction reduction sheet 7 is preferably a steel sheet made of stainless steel, which can effectively relieve the friction between the plug 5 and the upper base plate 3. At this time, the strain sensor 6 is connected to one side of the friction reduction sheet 7 facing the track and is used to measure the strain signal of the plug 5 during the service of the fastener. Preferably, the strain sensor 6 is a three-axis strain rosette, which is bonded to the friction reduction sheet 7 through glue. The three-axis strain rosette can determine the principal stress direction and magnitude of the measured object through the theory of mechanics of materials.

[0039] In order to further improve the assembly reliability of the detection module 10 and even the entire vibration damping fastener, a convex block 55 is provided on one side of the plug block 5 close to the track. The convex block 55 is clamped with the limit block 31, and the lower end surface of the convex block 55 abuts against the upper plate surface of the upper cushion plate 3. Thus, after the plug block 5 and the lower cushion plate 1 are fixed by the fastener 9, on the one hand, while the plug block 5 abuts against the limit block 31 of the upper cushion plate 3, it can also be clamped with the limit block 31 through the convex block 55, improving the assembly reliability of the detection module 10; on the other hand, the convex block 55 can press and hold the lower upper cushion plate 3 and the vibration damping pad 2. After the fastener 9 is fixed, the convex block 55 and the fastener 9 can clamp the upper cushion plate 3, the vibration damping pad 2, and the lower cushion plate 1, which is beneficial to improving the assembly reliability of the entire vibration damping fastener. Preferably, the convex block 55 and the plug block 5 are integrally formed.

[0040] Based on the settings of structures such as the limit block 31 of the upper cushion plate 3 and the convex block 55 of the plug block 5, in order to avoid spatial interference, part of the structure of the friction reduction sheet 7 is located between the upper cushion plate 3 and the plug block 5, and another part of the structure wraps the convex block 55. At the same time, in order to facilitate the assembly and use of the strain sensor 6, the friction reduction sheet 7 is respectively denoted as a fixed section 71 and a detection section 72; that is, the friction reduction sheet 7 includes a fixed section 71 and a detection section 72. The fixed section 71 is clamped with the plug block 5, and the side surface of the fixed section 71 away from the plug block 5 abuts against the upper cushion plate 3. The detection section 72 does not contact the upper cushion plate 3, and the side surface of the detection section 72 away from the plug block 5 is connected to the strain sensor 6. Thus, while the friction reduction sheet 7 provides a friction reduction effect, it can also avoid spatial interference for the setting of components such as the convex block 55 and the strain sensor 6, and can also provide an export space for the terminal wire of the strain sensor 6 without setting an additional wiring structure, which is beneficial to simplifying the structure of the detection module 10 and the fastener. In this application, conventional pluggable terminals can be used for the ends of the terminal wires. Since it is prior art, it will not be elaborated here.

[0041] Since the fasteners are mostly used outdoors, in order to prevent others, animals or the outdoor environment from affecting or damaging the detection module 10, the damping fastener further includes a pressing plate 8, which is arranged on the upper part of the assembly cavity 12 and is clamped with the upper end of the shoulder structure 11. Thus, the arrangement of the pressing plate 8 enables a relatively sheltered space to be formed between it and the shoulder structure 11, which can provide protection such as shielding and anti-disassembly for the detection module 10 and the fastener 9 in the assembly cavity 12, and is beneficial to ensuring the service life of the detection module 10 and the fastener. Among them, the pressing plate 8 has a protection cavity 82, and the inner wall of the protection cavity 82 fits with the fastener 9 to limit the fastener 9. Thus, the pressing plate 8 can also prevent the fastener 9 from rotating, especially the rotation of structures such as nuts and bolts, and can effectively avoid the loosening of the fastener during the service of the fastener. While setting the protection cavity 82, the pressing plate 8 can also be provided with a plurality of weight-reducing grooves 84 according to the actual remaining solid volume, which is beneficial to reducing the usage amount of production materials and reducing its own weight.

[0042] The two ends of the pressing plate 8 are provided with clamping arms 81, the upper end of the shoulder structure 11 is provided with a limiting arm 15, a clamping groove is formed between the limiting arm 15 and the limiting platform 14, and the clamping arm 81 is arranged in the clamping groove, so that the pressing plate 8 is clamped with the upper end of the shoulder structure 11 through the clamping arm 81.

[0043] The bottom surface of the pressing plate 8 is provided with clamping claws 83, and the clamping claws 83 are in contact with the limiting block 31, specifically, the clamping claws 83 are in contact with the side surface of the limiting block 31 facing the assembly cavity 12. Correspondingly, the pressing plate 8 is also in contact with the inner wall of the assembly cavity 12. On the basis that the pressing plate 8 is clamped with the upper end of the shoulder structure 11 through the clamping arm 81, the pressing plate 8 is in contact with the limiting block 31 through the clamping claws 83, so that the pressing plate 8 can also be clamped and fixed by the limiting block 31 and the inner wall of the assembly cavity 12. Thus, the pressing plate 8 can be clamped and limited and fixed in both the horizontal and vertical directions, ensuring the anti-disassembly performance of the pressing plate 8 after assembly, and effectively preventing others, animals or the outdoor environment from affecting or damaging the detection module 10.

[0044] On the basis of the elastic constraint type damping fastener, the damping fastener is pre-assembled into one body when leaving the factory, and its assembly method includes the pre-assembly of the detection module 10 and the assembly of the damping fastener.

[0045] The pre-assembly process of the detection module 10 includes:

[0046] B1. Install the pressure sensor 4 into the accommodation cavity 51 of the plug block 5, and pass the terminal wire of the pressure sensor 4 through the avoidance groove 52, so that the terminal wire of the pressure sensor 4 can extend from the accommodation cavity 51 to the outside of the accommodation cavity 51;

[0047] B2. Clamp the resistance reducing piece 7 with the plug block 5;

[0048] B3. Bond the strain sensor 6 to the detection section 72 of the drag reduction sheet 7.

[0049] Finally, properly arrange the terminal wires of the pressure sensor 4 and the terminal wires of the strain sensor 6, and the pre-assembly of the detection module 10 is completed.

[0050] After the pre-assembly of the detection module 10 is completed, the assembly process of the vibration damping fastener includes:

[0051] S1. Assemble the lower base plate 1, the vibration damping pad 2, and the upper base plate 3 in the direction from bottom to top.

[0052] Among them, the lower base plate 1 is of a frame structure, and the vibration damping pad 2 and the upper base plate 3 are installed inside the frame structure. The lower base plate 1 can be provided with different spiral spike hole pitches according to the line conditions to adapt to different types of fasteners with different spike hole pitches. The vibration damping pad 2 and the upper base plate 3 can be flexibly designed according to the shape of the lower base plate 1 to meet the requirements of different types of fasteners.

[0053] S2. Place the detection module 10 in the assembly cavity 12, and make the plug blocks 5 of the detection module 10 be respectively clamped with the limit platform 14 and the limit block 31.

[0054] Among them, after the detection module 10 is assembled, the plug block 5 can, to a certain extent, restrict the displacement of the upper base plate 3. At the same time, one side of the fixed section 71 of the drag reduction sheet 7 is attached to the upper base plate 3, and the other side is attached to the plug block 5, that is, the fixed section 71 is arranged between the upper base plate 3 and the plug block 5 to reduce the friction between the upper base plate 3 and the plug block 5.

[0055] S3. Fix and connect the lower base plate 1 and the detection module 10 through the fastener 9. At the same time, the lower base plate 1, the vibration damping pad 2, and the upper base plate 3 are pressed and fixed together through the detection module 10 and the fastener 9.

[0056] When inserting the fastener 9, the fastener 9 penetrates at least the lower base plate 1 and the plug block 5 of the detection module 10; of course, according to the relevant dimensions of the vibration damping pad 2 and / or the upper base plate 3, structures such as avoidance holes and avoidance notches can be set on the vibration damping pad 2 and / or the upper base plate 3 to avoid spatial interference with the assembly of the fastener 9; if an avoidance hole is set, the fastener 9 will also penetrate the vibration damping pad 2 and / or the upper base plate 3 accordingly; if an avoidance notch is set, the fastener 9 penetrates the lower base plate 1 and the plug block 5, and then under the action of the fastener fixation, the lower base plate 1 and the plug block 5 clamp the vibration damping pad 2 and the upper base plate 3.

[0057] S4. Slide the clamping arm 81 of the pressure plate 8 into the clamping groove between the limiting platform 14 and the limiting arm 15, and engage the clamping claw 83 of the pressure plate 8 with the limiting block 31. At this time, the pressure plate 8 will also be in contact with the inner wall of the assembly cavity 12 at the same time, and the protective cavity 82 of the pressure plate 8 will also be in fit and limit with the fastener 9, so that the pressure plate 8 can be clamped and limited in both the horizontal and vertical directions, and the rotation and loosening of the fastener 9 can also be avoided.

[0058] Thus, through steps B1 - B3, S1 - S4, the pre-assembly of the vibration damping fastener at the factory is realized. At the installation construction site of the vibration damping fastener, the vibration damping fastener is fixed to the roadbed or sleeper through anchor bolts, and the rail is constrained by the elastic clip. The way of fixing the rail by the vibration damping fastener is the same as that of the ordinary fastener structure. The rail is buckled to the fastener by the elastic clip and the gauge block (not shown). Reference can be made to the relevant existing technologies and will not be elaborated here.

[0059] At the installation construction site, after the vibration damping fastener is installed and fixed in the track system, the pressure sensor 4 and the strain sensor 6 can be connected to the data acquisition instrument. The data acquisition instrument remotely transmits the data to the track control center to realize the online real-time monitoring of the stress state of the fastener, and the data can also be sent to the track control center regularly. The track control center judges the data signals of the pressure sensor and the strain sensor to judge the working state of the fastener and the track line conditions in real time, which is beneficial to timely and effectively discover the potential safety hazards in the track system. For example: if the data of the pressure sensor or the strain sensor mutates, it indicates that the gauge maintaining ability of the fastener decreases and there are safety hazards in the line, and on-site inspection and replacement are required.

[0060] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor, characterized in that, The elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener includes a lower backing plate (1), an upper backing plate (3), and a detection module (10). The lower backing plate (1) is provided with a shoulder structure (11), the upper backing plate (3) is provided with a limiting block (31), the detection module (10) is arranged between the shoulder structure (11) and the limiting block (31), and is connected to the shoulder structure (11) in a detachable manner. The detection module (10) can be connected to an external data collector, and is used for at least real-time monitoring of the lateral force on the fastener and the strain condition of the detection module (10).

2. The elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection module (10) includes a pressure sensor (4), a plug block (5), and a strain sensor (6). The pressure sensor (4) and the strain sensor (6) are arranged on the side of the plug block (5) facing the track, and are used for detecting the lateral force on the fastener and the strain condition of the plug block (5).

3. The elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shoulder structure (11) has an assembly cavity (12). The detection module (10) is arranged in the assembly cavity (12), and the detection module (10) is respectively in contact with at least part of the inner wall of the assembly cavity (12) and the limiting block (31). The detection module (10) is fixedly connected to the shoulder structure (11) through a fastener (9).

4. The elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The plug block (5) has a second fitting surface (54), and a corresponding first fitting surface (13) is arranged in the assembly cavity (12). The second fitting surface (54) is in contact and fit with the first fitting surface (13). A limiting platform (14) is arranged in the assembly cavity (12), and the plug block (5) is clamped with the limiting platform (14).

5. The elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plug block (5) is provided with a receiving cavity (51) on the side facing the track. The pressure sensor (4) is fixed in the receiving cavity (51). The plug block (5) is provided with an avoidance groove (52). One end of the avoidance groove (52) is communicated with the receiving cavity (51), and the other end is communicated with the external environment.

6. The elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, A drag reduction sheet (7) is arranged on the side of the plug block (5) facing the track. The drag reduction sheet (7) is clamped with the plug block (5). At least part of the structure of the drag reduction sheet (7) is in contact with the upper backing plate (3). The strain sensor (6) is connected to the side surface of the drag reduction sheet (7) facing the track.

7. The elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plug block (5) is provided with a convex block (55) on the side close to the track. The convex block (55) is clamped with the limiting block (31), and the lower end surface of the convex block (55) is in contact with the upper plate surface of the upper backing plate (3).

8. The elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener includes a pressing plate (8). The pressing plate (8) is arranged at the upper part of the assembly cavity (12) and is clamped with the upper end of the shoulder structure (11).

9. The elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The pressing plate (8) has a protection cavity (82). The inner wall of the protection cavity (82) is in contact with the fastener (9) to limit the fastener (9).

10. The elastic constraint type vibration damping fastener with an in-built sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that, Both ends of the pressing plate (8) are provided with clamping arms (81), the upper end of the shoulder structure (11) is provided with a limiting arm (15), a limiting platform (14) is arranged in the assembly cavity (12), and a clamping groove is formed between the limiting arm (15) and the limiting platform (14), and the clamping arm (81) is arranged in the clamping groove; the bottom surface of the pressing plate (8) is provided with a claw (83), and the claw (83) abuts against the limiting block (31).

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