Hydrogen pipeline leakage monitoring and protection control system

Abstract

The application discloses a hydrogen pipeline leakage monitoring and protection control system, which comprises a hydrogen pipeline, a metal hollow sandwich and an outer pipe which are coaxially arranged in sequence outside the hydrogen pipeline, the metal hollow sandwich and the outer pipe are supported through a sealing frame to form an annular space, an emptying ignition system, a detection control device, an inert gas protection device and a pipeline shutdown device are arranged outside the hydrogen pipeline. The hydrogen pipeline leakage monitoring system can realize real-time detection, positioning and processing of hydrogen leakage without damaging the structure of the hydrogen pipeline, and can provide protection for the hydrogen pipeline body and reduce the harmful influence of hydrogen leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen transmission pipeline safety, and in particular to a hydrogen transmission pipeline leakage monitoring and protection control system. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen pipelines are a relatively recent development, and there are currently no definitive regulatory guidelines. Because hydrogen's physical properties are similar to those of natural gas, practical hydrogen operations often draw on natural gas management practices. Currently, natural gas pipeline leak monitoring primarily utilizes direct leak detection, flow / mass balance, infrasound, and fiber optic temperature sensing. The layout principles for leak detectors refer to GB / T 50493-2019, "Petrochemical Combustible and Toxic Gas Detection and Alarm Design Standard," and GB / T 50493-2019, "Petrochemical Combustible and Toxic Gas Detection and Alarm Design Standard."

[0003] However, since the density, flammability limit, combustion speed, minimum ignition energy and other combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen are very different from those of natural gas, under the same conditions, the diffusion, combustion and explosion mechanisms of hydrogen caused by pipeline failure and leakage are very different and more dangerous. Therefore, in the actual design, construction, use and monitoring of hydrogen pipelines, it is not appropriate to directly refer to the relevant plans and methods of natural gas pipelines for monitoring and protection.

[0004] Patent Publication No. CN 214948238 U discloses a hydrogen underground pipeline casing device. This device, which involves placing a protective casing around the buried hydrogen pipeline to form an annular cavity between the pipeline and the gas supply pipe, uses a pressure sensor to monitor pressure changes in the branch gas supply pipe to determine if there is a leak. However, due to the single location of the gas supply pipe and the complex gas flow within the cavity, pressure sensors are not sensitive enough for high-pressure pipes, making it difficult to detect hydrogen leaks in a timely manner. Furthermore, there is no device to shut off the gas source after a leak. Even if the gas source is shut off, the large amount of gas remaining in the pipeline will continue to be discharged, posing a high safety risk and making maintenance difficult. The casing support also causes stress concentration in the pipeline, reducing its overall strength. Patent Publication No. CN 114413186 A discloses a composite pipeline for hydrogen transportation and a hydrogen leak monitoring method. The device uses a plastic pipe wrapped in a polymer material and monitors hydrogen leaks using a sensor monitoring system. Due to the high permeability of hydrogen, especially to polymer materials, it is easy for the entire pipe to leak under high pressure. Furthermore, the placement of the sensor within the wrapping material makes it difficult to detect hydrogen leaks in a timely manner.

[0005] In summary, the existing solutions and measures for hydrogen pipeline leakage monitoring cannot be effectively implemented and still need further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen pipeline leakage monitoring and protection control system, which can detect, locate and process hydrogen leaks in real time without damaging the structure of the hydrogen pipeline itself, while providing protection for the hydrogen pipeline itself and reducing the harmful effects of hydrogen leakage.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A hydrogen pipeline leakage monitoring and protection control system includes a hydrogen pipeline 1, an outer layer of which is coaxially arranged with a metal hollow interlayer 2 and an outer tube 3. The hydrogen pipeline 1 and the metal hollow interlayer 2 are supported by a sealing support 4 to form an annular space 5.

[0009] The outside of the hydrogen transmission pipeline 1 is arranged with an exhaust ignition system 16 , a pipeline protection and sealing device 17 , and a detection and control device 18 .

[0010] The outer tube 3 is used to install a detection and control device 18, which includes an annular space emptying ignition system 12 and a hydrogen pipeline emptying ignition system 16. The hydrogen pipeline emptying ignition system 16 is installed on the hydrogen pipeline 1, and the hydrogen pipeline emptying ignition system 16 is connected to the solenoid valve 15. The emptying ignition system 16 is installed with a nozzle 13;

[0011] The annular space emptying ignition system 12 is installed on the outer tube 3 , and the emptying ignition system 12 is connected to the solenoid valve 14 .

[0012] One or more hydrogen detection devices 6 are installed on the corresponding metal hollow interlayer 2 between the solenoid valve 14 and the solenoid valve 15, which are used to monitor the pressure or gas concentration in the annular space 5. At the same time, they can throttle and reduce the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen jet leaking from the hydrogen transmission pipeline 1, preventing the high-pressure jet from breaking through the outer tube 3 and causing greater harm; the hydrogen detection device 6 is a pressure sensor or a photoelectric detection device;

[0013] The hydrogen detection device 6 is installed on the metal hollow interlayer 2.

[0014] The outer tube 3 is equipped with an inert gas injection device 9 with a purification device 10, a pressure sensor 8, a pressure gauge 11 and an annular space emptying ignition system;

[0015] The purification device 10 is used to purify the inert gas provided by the inert gas injection device 9 .

[0016] The hydrogen pipeline 1 is used to transport hydrogen. The hydrogen pipeline 1 is a metal high-pressure resistant pipeline, and the inner wall is coated with a polymer coating. The outer tube 3 is resistant to micro-positive pressure (<0.12MPa), and the metal hollow interlayer 2 is installed between the hydrogen pipeline 1 and the outer tube 3.

[0017] The annular space 5 is connected to an inert gas injection system 9 , which is used to fill the annular space 5 with inert gas to maintain a slight positive pressure in the annular space 5 .

[0018] The sealing supports 4 are arranged at intervals.

[0019] Shut-off valves 7 are installed at certain intervals on the hydrogen pipeline 1 to shut off the section of the hydrogen pipeline 1 where leakage occurs;

[0020] Between the two shut-off valves 7 , the sealing support 4 , the hydrogen transmission pipeline 1 and the outer tube 3 form an annular space 5 , and there is only one annular space 5 between the two shut-off valves 7 , and the internal pressure thereof is maintained at a slight positive pressure not exceeding 0.12 MPa.

[0021] At least two pressure sensors 8 are installed between the two shut-off valves 7 for monitoring the pressure change in the annular space 5 , and at least one pressure gauge 11 is installed between the two shut-off valves 7 for reading the pressure in the annular space 5 .

[0022] At least one inert gas injection device 9 is installed between the two shut-off valves 7, which is connected to the annular space 5 through a purification device 10 and is used to inject inert gas into the annular space 5. The purification device 10 is used to purify impurities such as moisture in the inert gas injection device 9; at least a solenoid valve 14 and a solenoid valve 15 are installed between the two shut-off valves 7, the solenoid valve 14 is connected to the annular space 5 through a pipeline, and the solenoid valve 15 is connected to the hydrogen transmission pipeline 1 through a pipeline.

[0023] A method for operating a hydrogen pipeline leakage monitoring and protection control system comprises the following steps:

[0024] When the pressure in the annular space 5 is higher than 0.12 MPa, the solenoid valve 14 opens to release the pressure, and the ignition device 12 continues to ignite to discharge the hydrogen leaked into the annular space 5 and burn it;

[0025] When the shut-off valve 7 is closed, the solenoid valve 15 is opened, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen pipeline 1 is ejected out of the pipeline from the nozzle 13 after passing through the solenoid valve 15. The ignition device 16 is continuously ignited to discharge and burn the hydrogen in the hydrogen pipeline 1 between the shut-off valves 7, thereby reducing pipeline leakage and maintenance risks.

[0026] When the hydrogen monitoring device 6 installed on the metal hollow interlayer 2 detects a pressure or hydrogen concentration signal, and the pressure sensor 8 detects a pressure signal, the two shut-off valves 7 before and after the hydrogen monitoring device 6 or the pressure sensor 8 are closed at the same time, and the solenoid valve 14 and the solenoid valve 15 are opened, and the ignition device 12 and the ignition device 16 work to burn the exhausted hydrogen.

[0027] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0028] (1) Installing detection and control devices in or around hydrogen pipelines can, to a certain extent, reduce the overall strength and structure of the pipeline. Due to the high permeability and corrosiveness of hydrogen, accidents such as leakage, combustion, and explosion can easily occur. Furthermore, when an accident occurs, the presence of obstacles such as detection devices in or around the pipeline can further increase the risk of the accident. The hydrogen pipeline monitoring and control system provided by the present invention can detect, upload, and record the operating status of the hydrogen pipeline in real time without damaging the structure of the hydrogen pipeline itself.

[0029] (2) When a hydrogen pipeline leaks, the detection and control system can act promptly and accurately locate the leaking area through the annular enclosed area where it is located, preventing the hydrogen from further spreading and affecting other areas. Since the leaked hydrogen directly enters the inert environment of the enclosed space, direct contact between the leaked pressurized hydrogen and the atmosphere is avoided. At the same time as the leak occurs, the interlocking system activates the emptying and ignition system of the hydrogen pipeline and the outer pipe, releasing and actively burning the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen pipeline and the partially depressurized hydrogen that has leaked into the annular space, greatly reducing the probability of accidents such as fire and explosion.

[0030] (3) The arrangement of pipeline protection devices prevents the hydrogen pipeline from directly contacting the external environment, reducing the impact of ambient temperature, humidity, pH, and third-party damage on the hydrogen pipeline.

[0031] (4) Installing the detection and control device on the metal hollow interlayer can avoid reducing the overall strength of the hydrogen pipeline. Compared with placing the hydrogen detection device on the outer pipe, its response speed is also correspondingly improved. In addition, arranging the metal hollow interlayer between the inner and outer pipes can also reduce the impact of high-pressure hydrogen leaked from the hydrogen pipeline on the outer pipe, and the strength requirements of the outer pipe can be reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1As shown, the present invention discloses a hydrogen pipeline leakage monitoring and protection control system, including: an annular space emptying ignition system 12, a hydrogen pipeline emptying ignition system 16, a pipeline protection sealing device 17, and a detection control device 18. The protection sealing device 17 is arranged on the outside of the hydrogen pipeline 1, and the hydrogen pipeline 1 is filled with inert gas. A sealing support 4 is provided between the metal hollow interlayer 2, the hydrogen pipeline 1 and the outer pipe 3. The sealing support 4 is arranged at intervals to form a certain range of an annular closed space 5 between the hydrogen pipeline 1 and the outer pipe 3, and the space is filled with inert gas. The outer pipe 3 can be made of PVC, steel, etc. The outer pipe 3 is used to install the detection control device 18, as well as the outer layer of the hydrogen pipeline 1. Protection: The metal hollow interlayer 2 is used to install the hydrogen detection device 6 and has a decompression effect on the leaking pressurized hydrogen to reduce the impact of the leaking hydrogen on the outer pipe. The sealing support 4 is used to support the overall structure between the hydrogen pipeline 1, the metal hollow interlayer 2 and the pipeline protection device 17. The spacing can be flexibly arranged to prevent hydrogen from catching fire, exploding, and further leaking in the event of a leakage accident. The presence of the annular enclosed space 5 means that when hydrogen leaks from the hydrogen pipeline 1, the detection device will immediately detect hydrogen in a certain annular enclosed space, which can accurately locate the area of ​​hydrogen leakage and prevent hydrogen from further spreading and affecting other areas. The inert gas environment will greatly reduce the probability of hydrogen fire and explosion. The hydrogen pipeline emptying ignition system 16 is installed on the hydrogen pipeline 1. When the detection device detects a hydrogen leak, the solenoid valve 15 is opened in a chain, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen pipeline 1 is discharged to the atmosphere, and actively burns near the nozzle 13 through the emptying ignition system 16. At the same time, the exhaust ignition system 12 on the sleeve-type outer tube 3 is activated, that is, the solenoid valve 14 is opened and the hydrogen that has leaked into the annular space of the tube section is actively burned through the exhaust ignition system 12. This avoids the possibility of hydrogen leaking directly into the atmosphere and causing accidents such as combustion and explosion, thereby improving the safety and reliability of hydrogen transportation.

[0036] One or more hydrogen detection devices 6 are installed on the metal hollow interlayer 2 corresponding to the adjacent shut-off valves 7 to monitor the pressure or gas concentration state in the annular space 5. The hydrogen detection device 6 is a pressure sensor or a photoelectric detection device.

[0037] After the hydrogen detection device 6 detects an abnormal signal, the shut-off valves 7 arranged before and after the detection device 6 are immediately shut off, and the annular space emptying ignition system 12 and the hydrogen pipeline emptying ignition system 16 are simultaneously started in an interlocked manner to exhaust the hydrogen in the pipe section.

[0038] like Figure 2As shown, the detection and control device 18 includes: a pressure sensor 8, an inert gas injection device 9, a purification device 10, and a pressure gauge 11, which are used to monitor the state parameters of the annular closed space 5 between the outer tube 3, the sealing support 4, and the hydrogen transmission pipeline 1 in real time. The purification device 10 is used to purify the inert gas provided by the inert gas injection device 9 to avoid affecting the normal operation of the entire system. When the sensors and other detection devices are actually arranged, they are flexibly selected according to factors such as the pipeline's own parameters, environmental conditions, and actual needs. One type of sensor or a combination of multiple types can be selected for use in different areas, and the interval range can be flexibly selected according to actual conditions and needs.

Claims

1. A hydrogen pipeline leakage monitoring and protection control system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hydrogen transmission pipeline (1), wherein the outer layer of the hydrogen transmission pipeline (1) is sequentially and coaxially arranged with a metal hollow interlayer (2) and an outer tube (3), and the hydrogen transmission pipeline (1) and the metal hollow interlayer (2) are supported by a sealing support (4) to form an annular space (5); the annular space (5) is an annular closed space; A hydrogen pipeline emptying and ignition system (16), a pipeline protection and sealing device (17), and a detection and control device (18) are arranged outside the hydrogen pipeline (1); The outer tube (3) is used to install a detection and control device (18), the detection and control device (18) includes an annular space emptying ignition system (12) and a hydrogen pipeline emptying ignition system (16), the hydrogen pipeline emptying ignition system (16) is installed on the hydrogen pipeline (1), the hydrogen pipeline emptying ignition system (16) is connected to the second solenoid valve (15), and a nozzle (13) is installed on the hydrogen pipeline emptying ignition system (16); The annular space emptying ignition system (12) is installed on the outer tube (3), and the annular space emptying ignition system (12) is connected to the solenoid valve (14); One or more hydrogen detection devices (6) are installed on the metal hollow interlayer (2) corresponding to the solenoid valve 1 (14) and the solenoid valve 2 (15), which are used to monitor the pressure or gas concentration state in the annular space (5) and at the same time can play a role in throttling and reducing the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen jet leaking from the hydrogen transmission pipeline (1), thereby preventing the high-pressure jet from breaking through the outer tube (3) and causing greater harm; the hydrogen detection device (6) is a pressure sensor or a photoelectric detection device; The hydrogen detection device (6) is installed on the metal hollow interlayer (2); The hydrogen transmission pipeline (1) is used to transport hydrogen. The hydrogen transmission pipeline (1) is a metal high-pressure resistant pipeline, and the inner wall is coated with a polymer coating. The outer pipe (3) is resistant to a micro-positive pressure of <0.12 MPa. The metal hollow interlayer (2) is installed between the hydrogen transmission pipeline (1) and the outer pipe (3); The sealing supports (4) are arranged at intervals; Shut-off valves (7) are installed at certain intervals on the hydrogen pipeline (1) to shut off the section of the hydrogen pipeline (1) where leakage occurs; Between the two shut-off valves (7), the sealing support (4), the hydrogen transmission pipeline (1) and the outer tube (3) form an annular space (5), and there is only one annular space (5) between the two shut-off valves (7), and the internal pressure thereof is maintained at a slight positive pressure of not more than 0.12 MPa; At least two pressure sensors (8) are installed between the two shut-off valves (7) for monitoring pressure changes in the annular space (5), and at least one pressure gauge (11) is installed between the two shut-off valves (7) for reading the pressure in the annular space (5); At least one inert gas injection device (9) is installed between the two shut-off valves (7), which is connected to the annular space (5) through the purification device (10) and is used to inject inert gas into the annular space (5). The purification device (10) is used to purify impurities such as moisture in the inert gas injection device (9); at least one solenoid valve (14) and one solenoid valve (15) are installed between the two shut-off valves (7). The solenoid valve (14) is connected to the annular space (5) through a pipeline, and the solenoid valve (15) is connected to the hydrogen transmission pipeline (1) through a pipeline.

2. A hydrogen pipeline leakage monitoring and protection control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer tube (3) is equipped with an inert gas injection device (9) with a purification device (10), a pressure sensor (8), a pressure gauge (11) and an annular space emptying ignition system; The purification device (10) is used to purify the inert gas provided by the inert gas injection device (9).

3. A hydrogen pipeline leakage monitoring and protection control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular space (5) is connected to an inert gas injection system (9), which is used to fill the annular space (5) with inert gas to maintain a slight positive pressure in the annular space (5).

4. The operating method of a hydrogen pipeline leakage monitoring and protection control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are included: When the pressure in the annular space (5) is higher than 0.12 MPa, the solenoid valve (14) opens to release the pressure, and the annular space emptying ignition system (12) continues to ignite to discharge the hydrogen leaked into the annular space (5) and burn it; When the shut-off valve (7) is shut off, the second solenoid valve (15) is opened, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen pipeline (1) is ejected from the nozzle (13) after passing through the second solenoid valve (15), and the hydrogen pipeline evacuation ignition system (16) is continuously ignited to discharge the hydrogen in the hydrogen pipeline (1) between the shut-off valves (7) and burn it, thereby reducing pipeline leakage and maintenance risks; When the hydrogen monitoring device (6) installed on the metal hollow interlayer (2) detects a pressure or hydrogen concentration signal, and the pressure sensor (8) detects a pressure signal, the two shut-off valves (7) before and after the hydrogen monitoring device (6) or the pressure sensor (8) are shut off at the same time, and the solenoid valve 1 (14) and the solenoid valve 2 (15) are opened, and the annular space emptying ignition system (12) and the hydrogen pipeline emptying ignition system (16) are operated to burn the discharged hydrogen.

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