A Method for Allocating Source-Load Carbon Taxes in a New Energy Power System Based on Carbon Responsibility Factors

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for allocating carbon taxes for the source and load sides of a new energy power system based on carbon responsibility factors. The method includes: Step S1, confirming the carbon emission responsibility of renewable energy units based on the carbon emission flow CEF model; Step S2, analyzing the carbon emission responsibility of energy storage units based on the carbon emission flow CEF model; Step S3, determining the carbon responsibility factors for both the source and load sides of new energy; Step S4, based on the carbon responsibility factors, allocating the carbon taxes for both the source and load sides in the new energy scenario: tracing the footprint of carbon flow in the power grid based on the carbon emission flow CEF model, reflecting the carbon emission responsibilities of both the source and load sides with the carbon responsibility factors, and allocating the carbon emission responsibility borne by the source and load in the form of carbon taxes. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can reasonably allocate the carbon emission responsibility to both the source and load sides including new energy, achieve the reasonable fairness of carbon emission responsibility allocation in a high-proportion new energy power system, and can motivate both the source and load sides to reduce carbon emissions in the application of resource optimization operation and configuration problems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission responsibility sharing, and in particular to a method for sharing source-load carbon tax in a new energy power system based on carbon responsibility factors. Background Art

[0002] Regarding the issue of carbon emission responsibility sharing in the power system, current research mainly focuses on the direct carbon emission responsibility of fossil fuel-based power sources, or transfers the carbon emission responsibility to the user side.

[0003] Regarding the issue of sharing the common carbon responsibility of sources and loads, most existing research adopts a simple principle of sharing equally, or mainly considers the carbon responsibility of the load side from the perspective of demand response, and only considers direct-emission thermal power on the generation side. However, in the future new power system, the strong uncertainty and volatility of new energy such as wind and light may lead to its output being unable to meet the real-time load demand of the node where it is located, and electric energy from other units needs to be transmitted through branches. During the power flow transmission process, carbon emission flow is accompanied. If this part of the additional carbon emissions is completely borne by the load or other thermal power units, it is unfair.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to deeply explore the indirect carbon emission responsibility of new energy units in the new power system and study the mechanism for jointly sharing the source-load carbon responsibility considering new energy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned existing technologies and provide a method for sharing source-load carbon tax in a new energy power system based on carbon responsibility factors. This method considers the additional carbon emissions that may be caused by the uncertainty and volatility of new energy in the future high-proportion new energy power system. Based on the analysis results of the system real-time power flow and carbon emission flow, the carbon emission responsibility is reasonably shared between the source and load sides including new energy, realizing the reasonable fairness of carbon emission responsibility sharing in the high-proportion new energy power system. When applied to the problem of resource optimal operation and configuration, it can encourage both the source and load sides to reduce carbon emissions.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for sharing source-load carbon tax in a new energy power system based on carbon responsibility factors, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step S1, Analysis of carbon emission responsibility of renewable energy units: For the additional carbon emissions in the power system caused by uncertain new energy, based on the carbon emission flow CEF model, determine the change law of carbon potential at the node where the renewable energy unit is located and the carbon emission responsibility it needs to bear;

[0009] Step S2, Carbon emission responsibility analysis of the energy storage unit: Based on the carbon emission flow CEF model, combined with the characteristics of the energy storage itself, determine the carbon potential change law of the node where the energy storage is located and the carbon emission responsibility it needs to bear;

[0010] Step S3, Determine the carbon responsibility factors on both the source and load sides of new energy: Reasonably allocate the carbon emission responsibility of the new energy power system to both the source and load sides including new energy, and define the carbon responsibility factor ξ to represent the carbon emission responsibility to be shared by the units and loads connected to the node;

[0011] Step S4, Based on the carbon responsibility factors, conduct carbon tax sharing on both the source and load sides in the new energy scenario: Based on the carbon emission flow CEF model, track the footprint of carbon flow in the power grid, reflect the carbon emission responsibility on both the source and load sides with the carbon responsibility factors, and allocate the carbon emission responsibility borne by the source and load in the form of carbon tax.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, based on the carbon emission flow CEF theory, determine the carbon potential change law of the node where the renewable energy unit is located and the carbon emission responsibility it needs to bear, specifically:

[0013] Step S11, Use the node carbon potential as an indicator to evaluate the carbon emissions from the power generation side caused by the node to meet the load demand. Numerically, it is equal to the weighted average of the branch carbon flow densities of all branches flowing into the node with respect to the active power flow, that is, it depends on the carbon flow and power flow injected into the node. The corresponding calculation expression is:

[0014]

[0015] In the formula, represents the carbon potential of node i at time t; s ∈ Ω i + represents the set of branches where the power flow flows into node i; P s，t is the active power of branch s; ρ s，t represents the branch carbon flow density, which is numerically equal to the node carbon potential of the source node j of branch s is the active power of the power supply connected to the node; represents the generation carbon intensity GCI of the power supply, which is determined by the carbon emission factor and consumption rate of the fuel; P Nii，t is the active power flux of the node, representing the sum of the active powers of all branches flowing into the node in the power flow direction;

[0016] According to the generation carbon intensity of the renewable energy unit Simplify the calculation expression of the carbon potential of the node where it is located:

[0017]

[0018] Step S12: Based on the calculation expression of the carbon potential of the node where the renewable energy unit is located in Step S11, obtain the close correlation between the carbon potential of the node where the new energy unit is located, the carbon flow density of the branch, and the active power flux of the node, and determine the carbon emission responsibility to be borne by the node where the new energy unit is located under different conditions:

[0019] 1) When is

[0020] At this time, the carbon potential of the source node of all branches s is 0, or there is no branch flowing into node i, that is, there is no carbon flow flowing into node i. In this case, the new energy connected to the node does not need to bear the carbon responsibility, and the load bears the carbon responsibility;

[0021] 2) When while is

[0022] At this time, the new energy unit cannot meet the load requirements, and other generator sets j with non-zero node carbon potential need to transmit power through branch s, resulting in additional carbon emissions from generator set j. The carbon flow flows into the load along with the power flow, and the carbon potential of node i must be greater than zero; moreover, when the output of the new energy unit connected to node i in the node active power flux P Nii，t accounts for a smaller proportion, in order to meet the load demand, the power flow and carbon flow transmitted by branch s from other power generation nodes are larger, ultimately resulting in an increase in the node carbon potential According to the principle of "who causes, who bears", at this time, both the new energy unit and the load connected to the node need to bear the carbon emission responsibility;

[0023] 3) When while is

[0024] According to the principle of proportional sharing, at this time, the new energy unit can basically meet the load requirements, but there is still carbon flow from other generator sets flowing into the load along with the branch power flow. Therefore, in the carbon emissions from the power generation side generated to meet the load demand, it includes a small amount of carbon emissions from other generator sets. The carbon potential of node i is not equal to 0 but approaches 0. In this case, the new energy also does not need to bear the carbon responsibility, and the load bears the carbon responsibility.

[0025] Preferably, the renewable energy unit includes a wind turbine unit and a photovoltaic unit.

[0026] Preferably, the specific content of Step S2 is as follows:

[0027] Based on the dual characteristics of energy storage as a source and a load, its generation carbon intensity GCI is 0. The charge-discharge state of energy storage is a key factor affecting the carbon potential of the node where it is located. Determine the carbon potential of the node when the energy storage is in the charging P e，t <0, discharging P e，t >0, and off-grid P e，t =0 states:

[0028] 1) When the energy storage is in the charging state P e，t <0, the output of the energy storage is negative, and its power flow flows out of the node. It no longer belongs to the active power flux of the node and is regarded as a load, that is, the node load demand increases. At this time, more electric energy needs to be transmitted from other nodes. Therefore, the energy storage needs to bear a certain carbon responsibility for this part of the additional carbon emissions;

[0029] 2) When the energy storage is in the discharging state P e，t >0, it is regarded as a power source and does not need to bear carbon emission responsibility;

[0030] 3) When the energy storage is in the off-grid state P e，t =0, the carbon potential of the node where it is located is only related to the branch power flow and carbon flow flowing into the node, and the carbon responsibility is borne by the node load.

[0031] Preferably, when the energy storage is in the charging state P e，t <0, the carbon potential calculation formula of the node where the energy storage is located becomes:

[0032]

[0033] Preferably, the step S3 is specifically:

[0034] Based on the carbon emission flow CEF model, the carbon emission responsibility is allocated to both the source and load sides. Among them, the source side includes traditional thermal power, renewable energy, and energy storage; define the carbon responsibility factor ξ∈[0, 1] to represent the carbon emission responsibility to be shared by the units and loads connected to the node;

[0035] 1) For the nodes connected to thermal power units, it is stipulated that the source and load each bear half of the carbon emission responsibility:

[0036] ξ FG，t =ξ L，t =0.5 (4)

[0037] In the formula, ξ FG，t represents the carbon responsibility factor of the thermal power unit, and ξ Lt represents the carbon responsibility factor of the load;

[0038] 3) For the nodes connected to new energy units, the carbon responsibility borne by the source and load respectively:

[0039]

[0040] ξL，t = 1 - ξ RES，t (6)

[0041] Wherein, ξ RES，t represents the carbon responsibility factor of the new energy unit at time t, and ξ L，t represents the carbon responsibility factor of the load at time t;

[0042] 3) For the nodes connected to energy storage, the carbon responsibilities borne by the source and the load respectively:

[0043]

[0044] ξ L，t = 1 - ξ EES，t (8)

[0045] Wherein, ξ EES，t represents the carbon responsibility factor of the energy storage at time t.

[0046] Preferably, the carbon tax collection mechanism involved in step S4 includes:

[0047] The first type of regulation stipulates that the fossil fuel power sources shall bear all the carbon emission responsibilities. The system carbon emissions are calculated according to the power generation carbon intensity value of the power sources, and the carbon tax is levied on the power generation side. The carbon tax calculation expression under this mechanism is:

[0048]

[0049] Wherein, represents the carbon tax; represents the unit carbon tax price in the yth year;

[0050] The second type of regulation stipulates that the power consumption side shall bear all the carbon responsibilities, and the carbon tax borne by the load side is calculated. The carbon emission and carbon tax calculation expressions are:

[0051]

[0052] Preferably, in step S4, the carbon footprint of the carbon flow in the power grid is traced based on the carbon emission flow CEF model, the carbon emission responsibilities on both the source and load sides are reflected by the carbon responsibility factors, and the carbon emission responsibility amounts borne by the source and load are allocated in the form of carbon tax. The carbon tax calculation expression considering the carbon tax on both the source and load sides of the new energy is:

[0053]

[0054] ξ G，t + ξ L，t = 1 (12)

[0055] Wherein, ξ G，t represents the carbon responsibility factor of the power source. The carbon responsibility factor calculation formulas for different types of units are shown in formulas (4), (5) and (7); ξL，t Indicates the load carbon responsibility factor; among them, different types of units include thermal power, renewable energy or energy storage.

[0056] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored on the memory, and when the processor executes the program, any one of the above methods is implemented.

[0057] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, any one of the above methods is implemented.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0059] 1) Based on the analysis results of the system real-time power flow and carbon emission flow, the carbon emission responsibility is reasonably allocated to both the source and load sides including new energy, realizing the reasonable fairness of carbon emission responsibility sharing in a high-proportion new energy power system;

[0060] 2) When the present invention is applied to the resource optimization operation and configuration problem, it can effectively suppress the system carbon emissions, optimize the resource configuration, encourage both the source and load sides to reduce carbon emissions, meet the low-carbon requirements of the new power system, and promote the high penetration of new energy in the power system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0062] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0063] The present invention provides a method for allocating source-load carbon tax in a high-proportion new energy power system considering carbon responsibility factors, and the method includes the following steps:

[0064] Step 1, a method for analyzing the carbon emission responsibility of renewable energy units. Aiming at the additional carbon emissions in the power system that may be caused by future high-proportion uncertain new energy, based on the carbon emission flow (CEF) theory, analyze the carbon potential change law of the nodes where renewable energy units are located and the carbon emission responsibility they need to bear;

[0065] Step 2. Carbon emission responsibility analysis method for energy storage units. Based on the CEF theory, analyze the carbon potential change law of the node where the energy storage is located and the carbon emission responsibility it needs to bear in combination with the characteristics of the energy storage itself;

[0066] Step 3. Propose carbon responsibility factors for both the source and load sides considering new energy. Reasonably allocate the carbon emission responsibility of a high-proportion new energy power system to both the source and load sides including new energy, and define the carbon responsibility factor ξ ∈ [0, 1] to represent the carbon emission responsibility to be shared by the units and loads connected to the node;

[0067] Step 4. Propose a method for allocating carbon taxes for both the source and load sides considering carbon responsibility factors in the future high-proportion new energy scenario. Use the CEF model to trace the footprint of carbon flow in the power grid, reflect the carbon emission responsibility of both the source and load sides with the carbon responsibility factor, and allocate the amount of carbon emission responsibility borne by the source and load in the form of carbon taxes.

[0068] In the above Step 1, the analysis process of the carbon potential change law of the node where the renewable energy unit is located and the carbon emission responsibility it needs to bear is as follows:

[0069] Electricity consumption does not directly generate carbon emissions, but the energy demand on the consumption side is the driving force for carbon emissions on the source side. The CEF theory reveals the virtual flow of carbon emissions in the energy flow. The node carbon potential is an important indicator of the carbon emission flow theory, used to evaluate the carbon emissions from the power generation side caused by the node to meet the load demand, and numerically equal to the weighted average of the branch carbon flow densities flowing into the node with respect to the active power flow, that is, depending on the carbon flow and power flow injected into the node, as shown in Equation (1).

[0070]

[0071] In the formula, represents the carbon potential of node i at time t; represents the set of branches where the power flow flows into node i; P s，t is the active power of branch s; ρ s，t represents the branch carbon flow density, and numerically equal to the node carbon potential of the source node j of branch s is the active power of the power source connected to the node; represents the generation carbon intensity (GCI) of the power source, determined by the carbon emission factor and consumption rate of the fuel; P Nii，t is the active power flux of the node, representing the sum of the active powers flowing into the node in the power flow direction.

[0072] For renewable energy units such as wind power and photovoltaic Therefore, the calculation formula (1) of the carbon potential of the node where it is located can be simplified as:

[0073]

[0074] As can be seen from the above formula, the carbon potential of the node where the new energy unit is located is closely related to the carbon flow density of the branch and the active power flux of the node. Combining the node load situation and the definition of carbon potential, the change of the carbon potential of the node where the new energy unit is located under different conditions is analyzed as follows:

[0075] 1) When At this time, the carbon potential of the source node of all branches s is 0, or there is no branch flowing into node i, that is, there is no carbon flow flowing into node i. In this case, the new energy connected to the node does not need to bear the carbon responsibility, and the load bears the carbon responsibility;

[0076] 2) When while At this time, the new energy unit cannot meet the load requirements at this time, and other generator sets j with non-zero carbon potential need to transmit power through branch s, resulting in additional carbon emissions from generator set j. The carbon flow flows into the load along with the power flow, and the carbon potential of node i must be greater than zero. Moreover, when the output of the new energy unit connected to node i in the node active power flux P Nii，t the smaller the proportion, the greater the power flow and carbon flow transmitted by branch s from other power generation nodes to meet the load demand, and finally the node carbon potential increases. According to the principle of "who causes, who bears", both the new energy unit and the load connected to the node need to bear the carbon emission responsibility at this time;

[0077] 3) When while At this time, wherein, is the load. According to the proportional sharing principle, the new energy unit can basically meet the load requirements at this time, but there is still carbon flow from other generator sets flowing into the load along with the branch power flow. Therefore, among the carbon emissions from the power generation side generated to meet the load demand, there is a small amount of carbon emissions from other generator sets. The carbon potential of node i is not equal to 0 but approaches 0. In this case, the new energy does not need to bear the carbon responsibility, and the load bears the carbon responsibility.

[0078] In the above step 2, the change law of the carbon potential of the node where the energy storage is located and the analysis process of the carbon emission responsibility it needs to bear are as follows:

[0079] The energy storage has dual characteristics of source and load, and its GCI is also 0. The charge-discharge state of the energy storage is the key factor affecting the carbon potential of its node. The carbon potential of the node in the charging (P e，t < 0), discharging (P e，t > 0) and off-grid (P e，t = 0) states of the energy storage is discussed respectively:

[0080] 1) When the energy storage is in the charging state, the output of the energy storage is negative, and its power flow flows out of the node. It no longer belongs to the active power flux of the node and is regarded as a load, that is, the load demand of the node increases. At this time, more electric energy needs to be transmitted from other nodes. Therefore, the energy storage needs to bear a certain carbon responsibility for this part of the additional carbon emissions. The carbon potential calculation formula of the node where the energy storage is located becomes:

[0081]

[0082] 2) When the energy storage is in the discharging state, it is regarded as a power source. At this time, the energy storage releases the electric energy stored in itself, which is equivalent to reducing the output and carbon emissions of other units, and has the function of low-carbon emission reduction. Therefore, in this case, the energy storage does not need to bear the carbon emission responsibility.

[0083] 3) When the energy storage is in the off-grid state, the carbon potential of the node where it is located is only related to the branch power flow and carbon flow flowing into the node, and the carbon responsibility is borne by the node load.

[0084] In step 3 above, the method for proposing the carbon responsibility factors on both the source and load sides is as follows:

[0085] Based on the CEF theory, considering the sharing of carbon emission responsibility to both the source and load sides, where the source side includes not only traditional thermal power but also renewable energy and energy storage. Define the carbon responsibility factor ξ ∈ [0, 1] to represent the carbon emission responsibility to be shared by the units and loads connected to the node.

[0086] 1) For the nodes connected to thermal power units, it is stipulated that the source and load each bear half of the carbon emission responsibility.

[0087] ξ FG，t =ξ L，t =0.5 (4)

[0088] In the formula, ξ FG，t represents the carbon responsibility factor of the thermal power unit, and ξ L，t represents the carbon responsibility factor of the load.

[0089] 2) For the nodes connected to new energy units, the carbon responsibilities borne by the source and load are as shown in the formula.

[0090]

[0091] ξ L，t =1 - ξ RES，t (6)

[0092] In the formula, ξ RES，t represents the carbon responsibility factor of the new energy unit at time t, and ξ L，t represents the carbon responsibility factor of the load at time t.

[0093] 3) For the nodes connected to energy storage, the carbon responsibilities borne by the source and the load are as shown in the formula.

[0094]

[0095] ξ L，t = 1 - ξ EES，t (8)

[0096] In the formula, ξ EES，t represents the carbon responsibility factor of energy storage at time t.

[0097] In the above step 4, the carbon tax sharing method for both the source and the load considering the carbon responsibility factor in the future high-proportion new energy scenario is as follows:

[0098] From the perspective of the tax object, the current carbon tax collection mechanism is mainly divided into two categories:

[0099] The first category stipulates that fossil fuel-based power sources bear all carbon emission responsibilities. The system carbon emissions are calculated based on the power generation carbon intensity value of the power source, and a carbon tax is levied on the power generation side. The carbon tax calculation formula under this mechanism is as follows;

[0100]

[0101] In the formula, represents the carbon tax; represents the unit carbon tax price in the yth year; represents the active power of the power source connected to node i; represents the carbon potential of node i at time t; Δt is different time scales; T represents the period, which is 24 hours; Ω n is the set of nodes;

[0102] The second category stipulates that the electricity consumption side bears all carbon responsibilities, calculates the carbon tax that the load side should bear, and the carbon emissions and carbon tax are calculated as follows.

[0103]

[0104] This method uses the CEF model to trace the footprint of carbon flow in the power grid, reflects the carbon emission responsibilities of both the source and the load with the carbon responsibility factor, and apportions the carbon emission responsibility borne by the source and the load in the form of carbon tax. The carbon tax calculation formula for both the source and the load considering new energy is as follows.

[0105]

[0106] ξ G，t + ξ L，t = 1 (12)

[0107] In the formula, ξ G，tIndicates the power carbon responsibility factor. The carbon responsibility factor calculation formulas for different types of units (thermal power, renewable energy, or energy storage) are shown in Equations (4), (5), and (7); ξ L，t Indicates the load carbon responsibility factor.

[0108] The electronic device of the present invention includes a central processing unit (CPU), which can execute various appropriate actions and processes according to computer program instructions stored in a read-only memory (ROM) or computer program instructions loaded from a storage unit into a random access memory (RAM). In the RAM, various programs and data required for device operation can also be stored. The CPU, ROM, and RAM are connected to each other via a bus. An input / output (I / O) interface is also connected to the bus.

[0109] Multiple components in the device are connected to the I / O interface, including: an input unit, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disc, etc.; and a communication unit, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit allows the device to exchange information / data with other devices via a computer network such as the Internet and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0110] The processing unit executes the various methods and processes described above, such as Method S1 to S4. For example, in some embodiments, Method S1 to S4 can be implemented as a computer software program, which is tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as a storage unit. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed onto the device via the ROM and / or the communication unit. When the computer program is loaded into the RAM and executed by the CPU, one or more steps of Method S1 to S4 described above can be executed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the CPU can be configured to execute Method S1 to S4 in any other suitable manner (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0111] The functions described above herein can be at least partially executed by one or more hardware logic components. For example, by way of non-limitation, exemplary types of hardware logic components that can be used include: field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), systems on a chip (SOCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and so on.

[0112] The program code for implementing the method of the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes can be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing devices, such that when the program codes are executed by the processor or controller, the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams are implemented. The program codes can be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, executed partially on the machine as an independent software package and partially on a remote machine, or executed entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0113] In the context of the present invention, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium can include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatuses, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0114] As described above, only the specific embodiments of the present invention are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for allocating source-load carbon tax in a new energy power system based on carbon responsibility factors, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step S1, Carbon emission responsibility analysis of renewable energy units: For the additional carbon emissions in the power system caused by uncertain new energy, based on the Carbon Emission Flow (CEF) model, determine the carbon potential change law at the node where the renewable energy unit is located and its required carbon emission responsibility. Step S2, Carbon emission responsibility analysis of energy storage units: Based on the Carbon Emission Flow (CEF) model, combined with the characteristics of the energy storage itself, determine the carbon potential change law at the node where the energy storage is located and its required carbon emission responsibility. Specifically: Based on the dual characteristics of the energy storage as a source and a load, its generation carbon intensity GCI is 0. The charge-discharge state of the energy storage is a key factor affecting the carbon potential of the node where it is located. The carbon potential of the node is determined respectively when the energy storage is in the charging P e,t <0, discharging P e,t >0, and off-grid P e,t = 0 state: 1) When the energy storage is in the charging state P e,t <0, the output of the energy storage is negative, and its power flow flows out of the node. It no longer belongs to the node active power flux and is regarded as a load, that is, the node load demand increases. At this time, more electric energy needs to be transmitted from other nodes. Therefore, the energy storage needs to bear part of the carbon emission responsibility for the additional carbon emissions; 2) When the energy storage is in the discharge state P e,t > 0, it is regarded as a power source and does not need to bear the responsibility for carbon emissions; 3) When the energy storage is in the off-grid state P e,t = 0, the carbon potential of its node is only related to the branch power flow and carbon flow flowing into the node, and the carbon responsibility is borne by the node load; Step S3, Determine the carbon responsibility factors on both the source and load sides of new energy: Reasonably allocate the carbon emission responsibility of the new energy power system to both the source and load sides including new energy. Define the carbon responsibility factor ξ to represent the carbon emission responsibility to be shared by the units and loads connected to the node. Specifically: Based on the Carbon Emission Flow (CEF) model, allocate the carbon emission responsibility to both the source and load sides. Among them, the source side includes traditional thermal power, renewable energy, and energy storage; define the carbon responsibility factor ξ ∈ [0, 1] to represent the carbon emission responsibility to be shared by the units and loads connected to the node. 1) For the node connected to the thermal power unit, it is stipulated that the source and load each bear half of the carbon emission responsibility: ξ FG,t = ξ L,t = 0.5 (4) where ξ FG,t represents the carbon responsibility factor of thermal power units, and ξ L,t represents the carbon responsibility factor of load; 2) For the node connected to the new energy unit, the carbon responsibility borne by the source and load respectively: ξ L,t = 1 - ξ RES,t (6) where ξ RES,t represents the carbon responsibility factor of the new energy unit at time t, and ξ L,t represents the carbon responsibility factor of the load at time t; 3) For the node connected to the energy storage, the carbon responsibility borne by the source and load respectively: ξ L,t = 1 - ξ EES,t (8) Where ξ EES,t represents the energy storage carbon responsibility factor at time t; Step S4, Based on the carbon responsibility factor, conduct carbon tax allocation on both the source and load sides in the new energy scenario: Based on the Carbon Emission Flow (CEF) model, trace the footprint of carbon flow in the power grid. Use the carbon responsibility factor to reflect the carbon emission responsibility on both the source and load sides, and allocate the carbon emission responsibility borne by the source and load in the form of carbon tax.

2. The method for allocating source-load carbon tax of a new energy power system based on carbon responsibility factors according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, based on the Carbon Emission Flow (CEF) theory, determine the carbon potential change law at the node where the renewable energy unit is located and its required carbon emission responsibility. Specifically: Step S11, Use the node carbon potential as an index to evaluate the carbon emissions from the power generation side caused by the node to meet the load demand. Numerically, it is equal to the weighted average of the branch carbon flow densities flowing into the node with respect to the active power flow, that is, it depends on the carbon flow and power flow injected into the node. The corresponding calculation expression is: In the formula, represents the carbon potential of node i at time t; represents the set of branches where the current flows into node i; P s,t is the active power of branch s; ρ s,t represents the branch carbon current density, which is numerically equal to the node carbon potential of the source node j of branch s is the active power of the power source connected to the node; represents the generation carbon intensity GCI of the power source, which is determined by the carbon emission factor and consumption rate of the fuel; P Nii,t is the node active power flux, representing the sum of all active powers flowing into the node in the power flow direction; According to the power generation carbon intensity of renewable energy units Simplify the calculation expression of the carbon potential at the node where it is located: Step S12, Based on the calculation expression of the carbon potential at the node where the renewable energy unit is located in step S11, obtain the close correlation between the carbon potential at the node of the new energy unit and the branch carbon flow density and the node active power flux, and determine the carbon emission responsibility required at the node of the new energy unit under different conditions: 1) When then The carbon potential of the source node of all branches s is 0, or there is no branch flowing into node i, that is, there is no carbon flow flowing into node i. The new energy connected to the node does not need to bear carbon responsibility, and the load bears carbon responsibility; 2) When while at that time wherein is the load: The new energy units cannot meet the load requirements, and other generating units j with non-zero node carbon potential need to transmit power through branch s, resulting in additional carbon emissions from generating unit j. The carbon flow flows into the load along with the power flow, and the carbon potential of node i must be greater than zero. Moreover, when the output of the new energy units connected to node i accounts for a smaller proportion in the active power flux P Nii,t at the node, to meet the load demand, the greater the power flow and carbon flow transmitted by branch s from other generating nodes, ultimately leading to an increase in the node carbon potential According to the principle of "who causes, who bears", both the new energy units and the load connected to the node at this time need to bear the carbon emission responsibility; 3) When while at that time According to the proportional sharing principle, at this time, the new energy unit can basically meet the load demand, but there is still carbon flow from other generating units flowing into the load along with the branch power flow. Therefore, among the carbon emissions from the power generation side generated to meet the load demand, it includes a small amount of carbon emissions from other generating units. The carbon potential of node i is not equal to 0 but approaches 0. At this time, the new energy does not need to bear the carbon responsibility, and the load bears the carbon responsibility.

3. A method for allocating source-load carbon taxes in a new energy power system based on carbon responsibility factors according to claim 2, characterized in that The renewable energy units include wind turbine units and photovoltaic units.

4. A method for allocating source-load carbon taxes in a new energy power system based on carbon responsibility factors according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the energy storage is in the charging state P e,t <0, the carbon potential calculation formula for the node where the energy storage is located becomes:

5. A method for allocating source-load carbon taxes in a new energy power system based on carbon responsibility factors according to claim 2, characterized in that The carbon tax collection mechanism involved in step S4 includes: The first type of regulation stipulates that fossil fuel-based power sources bear all carbon emission responsibilities. Calculate the system carbon emissions according to the power generation carbon intensity value of the power source, and levy carbon tax on the power generation side. The carbon tax calculation expression under this mechanism is: In the formula, represents the carbon tax; represents the unit carbon tax price in the y-th year; represents the active power of the power source connected to node i; represents the carbon potential of node i at time t; Δt is the different time scales; T represents the period, which is 24 hours; Ω n is the set of nodes; The second type of regulations stipulates that the electricity consumption side bears all carbon responsibilities, calculates the carbon tax that the load side should bear, and the calculation expressions for carbon emissions and carbon tax are as follows:

6. A method for allocating source-load carbon tax in a new energy power system based on carbon responsibility factors according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S4, the footprint of the carbon flow in the power grid is traced based on the carbon emission flow CEF model, the carbon emission responsibilities on both the source and load sides are reflected by the carbon responsibility factor, and the carbon emission responsibility amounts borne by the source and load are allocated in the form of carbon tax. The calculation expression for the carbon tax on both the source and load sides considering new energy is as follows: ξ G,t +ξ L,t =1 (12) In the formula, ξ G,t represents the power source carbon responsibility factor. The calculation formulas for the carbon responsibility factors of different types of units are shown in Formulas (4), (5), and (7); ξ L,t represents the load carbon responsibility factor; among them, different types of units include thermal power units, renewable energy or energy storage units.

7. An electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored on the memory, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, the method described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, the method described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

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