Antenna and method of manufacturing the same, communication system

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an antenna and a preparation method thereof and a communication device, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The antenna of the present disclosure comprises: a dielectric layer; a first electrode arranged on the dielectric layer, wherein the first electrode has at least one first opening; at least one radiation structure arranged on the dielectric layer and located on different sides of the reference electrode on the dielectric layer; the orthographic projection of one of the radiation structures on the dielectric layer is located within the orthographic projection of one of the first openings on the dielectric layer; one of the radiation structures comprises a second electrode and a third electrode, the orthographic projection of the second electrode and the third electrode on the dielectric layer is located within the orthographic projection of the first opening on the dielectric layer, and the orthographic projection of the second electrode on the dielectric layer does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the third electrode on the dielectric layer; at least one first feeding line and at least one second feeding line are arranged on the dielectric layer and located on different sides of the first electrode on the dielectric layer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to an antenna and a preparation method thereof and a communication system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Compared with 4G (the 4th generation mobile communication technology), 5G (5th generation mobile networks) has the advantages of higher data rate, larger network capacity, lower latency, etc. The 5G frequency planning contains two parts of low frequency band and high frequency band, wherein the low frequency band (3-6 GHz) has good propagation characteristics and very rich spectrum resources, therefore, the development of antenna units and arrays for low frequency band communication applications gradually becomes the research and development hotspot at present.

[0003] Based on the actual application scenarios of 5G mobile communication, the 5G low frequency band antenna should have the technical features of high gain, miniaturization, wide frequency band, etc. The microstrip antenna is a commonly used antenna form with simple structure, easy to array and capable of achieving high gain, but its narrow bandwidth and large antenna size at low frequency band restrict its application in 5G low frequency mobile communication. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provide an antenna and a preparation method thereof and a communication system.

[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide an antenna, comprising:

[0006] a dielectric layer;

[0007] a first electrode disposed on the dielectric layer, and the first electrode has at least one first opening;

[0008] at least one radiation structure disposed on the dielectric layer and located on different sides of the dielectric layer from the first electrode; one of the radiation structures comprises a second electrode and a third electrode, the orthographic projection of the second electrode and the third electrode on the dielectric layer is located within the orthographic projection of the first opening on the dielectric layer, and the orthographic projection of the second electrode on the dielectric layer does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the third electrode on the dielectric layer;

[0009] at least one first feed line and at least one second feed line are disposed on the dielectric layer and are located on different sides of the dielectric layer from the first electrode; one of the first feed lines is configured to feed one of the second electrodes, and one of the second feed lines is configured to feed one of the third electrodes, and the feeding direction of the first feed line is different from the feeding direction of the second feed line.

[0010] at least one of the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode comprises a metal mesh structure.

[0011] the antenna further comprises at least one fourth electrode, the fourth electrode is disposed in a floating manner and is disposed on a side of the dielectric layer away from the first electrode;

[0012] a projection of one of the fourth electrodes on the dielectric layer is located within a projection of one of the first openings on the dielectric layer, and an extension of the length direction of the projection of the fourth electrode on the dielectric layer divides the projection of the first opening on the dielectric layer into a first region and a second region; the projections of the first electrode and the second electrode on the dielectric layer are disposed in the first region and the second region, respectively.

[0013] the second electrode, the third electrode, and the fourth electrode are disposed in the same layer.

[0014] the fourth electrode portion comprises a metal mesh structure.

[0015] the second electrode and the third electrode, whose projection on the dielectric layer is located within one of the first openings, and the first feed line connected to the second electrode and the second feed line connected to the third electrode form a radiation unit; the radiation structure comprises at least one of the radiation units.

[0016] the first opening is a rectangle; for any one of the radiation units, the line connecting the center of the second electrode and the center of the third electrode is parallel to one diagonal of the first opening.

[0017] for any one of the radiation units, the length of the line connecting the center of the second electrode and the center of the third electrode is 0.2-0.6 times the length of the diagonal of the first opening.

[0018] the first opening comprises a first side edge and a second side edge disposed opposite to each other, and a third side edge and a fourth side edge disposed opposite to each other; and the first side edge, the second side edge, the third side edge, and the fourth side edge of the first opening each comprise a first end point and a second end point disposed opposite to each other.

[0019] For any of the radiation units, wherein a first side of the first opening intersects a normal projection of the first feed line on the dielectric layer at a first intersection point; a third side of the first opening intersects a normal projection of the second feed line on the dielectric layer at a second intersection point.

[0020] A ratio of a distance from a first end point of the first side of the first opening to the first intersection point on the dielectric layer to a distance from a second end point of the first side of the first opening to the first intersection point on the dielectric layer is 0.1-1.1.

[0021] A ratio of a distance from a first end point of the third side of the first opening to the second intersection point on the dielectric layer to a distance from a second end point of the third side of the first opening to the second intersection point on the dielectric layer is 0.1-1.1.

[0022] wherein the second electrode and the third electrode are both rectangular; the second electrode and the third electrode both include a first side, a second side, a third side and a fourth side; the first side, the second side, the third side and the fourth side of the second electrode and the third electrode are respectively arranged in parallel with the first side, the second side, the third side and the fourth side of the first opening.

[0023] wherein at least one of the first feed line and the second feed line is a microstrip line, and a feeding direction of one of the first feed line and the second feed line is a vertical direction, and a feeding direction of the other one is a horizontal direction.

[0024] wherein the first feeding structure and the second feeding structure are both located on the second surface of the dielectric layer, and a normal projection of the first feeding structure on the dielectric layer at least partially overlaps the first feed line, and a normal projection of the second feeding structure on the dielectric layer at least partially overlaps the second feed line.

[0025] wherein the first feeding structure and the first feed line are arranged in the same layer and electrically connected, and the second feeding structure and the second feed line are arranged in the same layer and electrically connected.

[0026] wherein the number of the first openings is 2 n the first feeding unit includes n levels of third feed lines, and the second feeding unit includes n levels of fourth feed lines.

[0027] The third feeder at the first level connects two adjacent first feeders, and different third feeders at the first level connect different first feeders; the third feeder at the mth level connects two adjacent third feeders at the (m-1)th level, and different third feeders at the mth level connect different third feeders at the (m-1)th level;

[0028] The fourth feeder at the first level connects two adjacent second feeders, and different fourth feeders at the first level connect different second feeders; the fourth feeder at the mth level connects two adjacent fourth feeders at the (m-1)th level, and different fourth feeders at the mth level connect different fourth feeders at the (m-1)th level; wherein n≥2, 2≤m≤n, m and n are integers;

[0029] At least one of the third feeder and the fourth feeder is a microstrip line.

[0030] The first electrode includes a main body, a first branch and a second branch; the first branch and the second branch are respectively connected to two sides of the main body in the length direction; the antenna further includes a fifth feeder and a sixth feeder; the fifth feeder is connected to the first feeding structure, and the orthogonal projection of the fifth feeder on the dielectric layer is located in the orthogonal projection of the first branch on the dielectric layer; the sixth feeder is connected to the second feeding structure, and the orthogonal projection of the sixth feeder on the dielectric layer is located in the orthogonal projection of the second branch on the dielectric layer.

[0031] The extension direction of the fifth feeder and the extension direction of the sixth feeder are perpendicular to each other, and the included angle between the fifth feeder and the first feeder is 45°.

[0032] The antenna is divided into a feeding area and a radiation area; the first feeding structure and the second feeding structure are located in the feeding area; the radiation structure is located in the radiation area; the first electrode further has at least one second opening located in the feeding area; the second opening does not overlap with the orthogonal projection of the first feeding structure and the second feeding structure on the dielectric layer.

[0033] The dielectric layer is a single-layer structure, and the material thereof includes polyimide or polyethylene terephthalate.

[0034] The dielectric layer includes a first sub-dielectric layer, a first adhesive layer and a second sub-dielectric layer which are arranged in a stack.

[0035] The first electrode is arranged on a side of the first sub dielectric layer away from the first adhesive layer; the second electrode is arranged on a side of the first adhesive layer close to the first sub dielectric layer; and the third electrode is arranged on a side of the second sub dielectric layer away from the first adhesive layer.

[0036] The material of the first sub dielectric layer and / or the second sub dielectric layer comprises polyimide or polyethylene terephthalate.

[0037] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a preparation method of an antenna, which comprises:

[0038] providing a dielectric layer;

[0039] forming a pattern comprising a first electrode on one side of the dielectric layer by a patterning process; wherein a first opening is formed on the first electrode;

[0040] forming at least one radiation structure, at least one first feed line and at least one second feed line on a side of the dielectric layer opposite to the first electrode; one of the radiation structures comprises a second electrode and a third electrode; the orthographic projection of the second electrode and the third electrode on the dielectric layer is located within the orthographic projection of the first opening on the dielectric layer, and the orthographic projection of the second electrode on the dielectric layer does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the third electrode on the dielectric layer; one of the first feed lines is configured to feed one of the second electrodes, and one of the second feed lines is configured to feed one of the third electrodes; and the feeding direction of the first feed line is different from the feeding direction of the second feed line.

[0041] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a communication system comprising the above-mentioned antenna.

[0042] The communication system further comprises:

[0043] a transceiving unit configured to transmit a signal or receive a signal;

[0044] a radio frequency transceiver connected to the transceiving unit, configured to modulate the signal transmitted by the transceiving unit, or configured to demodulate the signal received by the transparent antenna and then transmit the signal to the transceiving unit;

[0045] a signal amplifier connected to the radio frequency transceiver, configured to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver or the signal received by the transparent antenna;

[0046] a power amplifier connected to the radio frequency transceiver, configured to amplify the power of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver or the signal received by the transparent antenna;

[0047] The filtering unit is connected to both the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, and is also connected to the transparent antenna. It is used to filter the received signal and send it to the antenna, or to filter the signal received by the transparent antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a top view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view along A-A'.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of another antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a top view of another antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a radiating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a top view of another antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0054] Figure 7 This is a top view of another antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0055] Figure 8 This is a top view of another antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0056] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for fabricating an antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0057] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0059] Unless otherwise defined, technical terms or scientific terms used in the present disclosure shall have the meanings as generally understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. The terms "first", "second", and similar terms do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but are used to distinguish different components. Also, the terms "one", "a", or "the" do not denote a quantity of particular noun, but denote the existence of at least one of the particular noun. The terms "comprising" or "including" or similar terms mean that the elements or objects before the term encompass the elements or objects listed after the term and equivalents thereof, and do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms "connected" or "linked" or similar terms do not limit to physical or mechanical connection, but can include electrical connection, whether direct or indirect. The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used only to indicate relative positional relationship, and when the absolute position of the described object is changed, the relative positional relationship can also be changed accordingly.

[0060] In a first aspect, Figure 1 A top view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 A partial cross-sectional view of the antenna along A-A' in Figure 1 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a dielectric layer 1, a first electrode 2, at least one radiation structure, at least one first feed line 4, and at least one second feed line 5. Figure 1 2 The first electrode 2 is disposed on the dielectric layer 1, and the first electrode 2 has at least one first opening 21. The radiation structure, the first feed line 4, and the second feed line 5 are all located on different sides of the first electrode 2 on the dielectric layer 1. One radiation structure includes a second electrode 31 and a third electrode 32. The second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 have their orthographic projections on the dielectric layer 1 within the orthographic projection of one first opening 21 on the dielectric layer 1, and the orthographic projections of the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 on the dielectric layer 1 do not overlap. For example, when there are multiple radiation structures and the number of first openings 21 is also multiple, the radiation structures can be disposed one-to-one with the first openings 21. It should be noted that the first electrode 2 can be a ground electrode layer, that is, the potential written in the first electrode 2 is a ground potential.

[0061] One first feed line 4 is configured to feed one second electrode 31, and one second feed line 5 is configured to feed one third electrode 32. For example, when there are multiple radiation structures, there are also multiple second electrodes 31 and third electrodes 32, and correspondingly, there are also multiple first feed lines 4 and second feed lines 5. In this case, the second electrodes 31 are disposed one-to-one with the first feed lines 4, and the third electrodes 32 are disposed one-to-one with the second feed lines 5.

[0062] One first feed line 4 is configured to feed one second electrode 31, and one second feed line 5 is configured to feed one third electrode 32. For example, when there are multiple radiation structures, there are also multiple second electrodes 31 and third electrodes 32, and correspondingly, there are also multiple first feed lines 4 and second feed lines 5. In this case, the second electrodes 31 are disposed one-to-one with the first feed lines 4, and the third electrodes 32 are disposed one-to-one with the second feed lines 5.

[0063] ​In this embodiment, the feeding directions of the first feed line 4 and the second feed line 5 are different. In some examples, one of the first feed line 4 and the second feed line 5 is fed in a vertical direction, while the other is fed in a horizontal direction. It should be noted that the feeding direction of the first feed line 4 is the direction in which the input of the first microwave signal is excited and fed into the second electrode 31; the feeding direction of the second microwave line is the direction in which the input of the second microwave signal is excited and fed into the third electrode 32. Furthermore, the horizontal and vertical directions are relative concepts; that is, when the feeding direction of the first feed line 4 is vertical, the feeding direction of the second feed line 5 is horizontal, and vice versa. In this embodiment, the example is that the first feed line 4 is connected to the right side of the radiating structure with a vertical feeding direction, and the second feed line 5 is connected to the lower side of the radiating structure with a horizontal feeding direction.

[0064] Since each radiating structure in the antenna of this embodiment includes two radiating elements, namely a second electrode 31 and a third electrode 32, and the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 are fed through the first feed line 4 and the second feed line 5 respectively, and the feeding directions of the first feed line 4 and the second feed line 5 are different, the antenna of this embodiment is a dual-polarized antenna.

[0065] In some examples, such as Figure 2 As shown, the dielectric layer 1 in the antenna is a single-layer structure, and its material includes, but is not limited to, flexible materials, such as polyimide (PI) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Of course, the dielectric layer 1 can also be a glass substrate. In some examples, when the dielectric layer 1 is made of PET, its thickness is 100-300 μm and its dielectric constant is 3.0-3.5. When the dielectric layer 1 has a single-layer structure, the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 can be disposed in the same layer; for example, the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 are disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric layer 1; correspondingly, the first electrode 2 is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric layer 1. Furthermore, a protective layer 8, such as a self-healing transparent waterproof coating, can be disposed on the side of the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 facing away from the dielectric layer 1.

[0066] In some examples, Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of another antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 3As shown, the medium layer 1 in the antenna is a composite film layer, which includes a first sub-medium layer 11, a first adhesive layer 12 and a second sub-medium layer 13 arranged in sequence. The first electrode 2 is arranged on the side of the first sub-medium layer 11 away from the first adhesive layer 12, the second electrode 31 is arranged on the side of the first sub-medium layer 11 close to the first adhesive layer 12, and the third electrode 32 is arranged on the side of the second sub-medium layer 13 away from the first adhesive layer 12. By arranging the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 on different layers, the interference between the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 can be reduced. Further, a protective layer 8 can also be arranged on the side of the third electrode 32 away from the second sub-medium layer 13, for example, a transparent waterproof coating layer with self-repairing capability. In some examples, the materials of the first sub-medium layer 11 and the second sub-medium layer 13 both include, but are not limited to, polyimide (PI) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials used in the medium layer 1. The material of the first adhesive layer 12 can be transparent optical (OCA) glue.

[0067] Figure 4 is a top view of another antenna of an embodiment of the present disclosure; as Figure 4 As shown, in some examples, the antenna not only includes the above structure, but also includes at least one fourth electrode 33, and the orthographic projection of one fourth electrode 33 on the medium layer 1 is located within the orthographic projection of one first opening 21 on the medium layer 1. The fourth electrode 33 is arranged in suspension, that is, the fourth electrode 33 is not directly electrically connected to other structures of the antenna. For any fourth electrode 33, the extension line of the length direction of the orthographic projection of the fourth electrode 33 on the medium layer 1 divides the orthographic projection of the first opening 21 on the medium layer 1 into a first area and a second area. The orthographic projections of the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 on the medium layer 1 are arranged in the first area and the second area, respectively. By arranging the fourth electrode 33, the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 in the first opening 21 are separated, thereby avoiding the interference between the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32.

[0068] In some examples, the fourth electrode 33, the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 are arranged in the same layer, that is, the three can be made of the same conductive material and prepared by the same patterning process. Therefore, even if the fourth electrode 33 is added to the antenna structure, the process steps will not be increased.

[0069] In some examples, the fourth electrode 33 can be a metal mesh structure. When the antenna of the embodiments of the present disclosure is a transparent antenna, the fourth electrode 33 adopting the metal mesh structure can effectively improve the light transmittance. In addition, when the fourth electrode 33 is arranged in the same layer as the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32, the three can be prepared by using a one-time patterning process, and therefore the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 can adopt the metal mesh structure. In addition, the first electrode 2 can also adopt the metal mesh structure. The material of the metal mesh structure includes, but is not limited to, at least one of copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), and silver (Ag). In some examples, the hollow part of the metal mesh structure can be a triangle, a rhombus, a square, or the like. The shape of the hollow part of the metal mesh structure is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The hollow part of the metal mesh structure is taken as a triangle in the embodiments of the present disclosure only by way of example, but this does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure. For example: when the hollow part of the metal mesh structure is a triangle, the ratio of the side length of the triangle to the width thereof is not less than 0.03, for example: the side length of the triangle is 0.2 mm, and the line width is 10 μm, that is, the ratio of the side length of the triangle to the width thereof is 0.05.

[0070] In some examples, the patterns of the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 are the same. For example: the contour shape of the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 is a square. The fourth electrode 33 adopts a strip-shaped electrode, that is, the contour of the fourth electrode 33 is a rectangle. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the width ratio of the fourth electrode 33 to the second electrode 31 (or the third electrode 32) is about 0.1-0.4. For example: when the side length of the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 31 is 5 mm, and the width of the fourth electrode 33 is 1 mm, the width ratio of the fourth electrode 33 to the second electrode 31 (or the third electrode 32) is 0.2.

[0071] In some examples, the edge of the metal mesh can be open, that is, the metal wires constituting the metal mesh are not connected to each other at the edge position; of course, the edge of the metal mesh can also be closed, that is, the metal wires constituting the metal mesh are short-circuited to each other at the edge.

[0072] In some examples, the shape of the first opening 21 on the first electrode 2 can be any one of a rectangle, a triangle, a circle, or an ellipse, and of course can also be other shapes. The shapes of the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 can be the same or different. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the shapes of the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 are taken as an example, and the shapes of the two can be any one of a rectangle, a triangle, a circle, or an ellipse, and of course can also be other shapes. Figure 4As shown in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first opening 21 on the first electrode 2, the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 are all rectangular, but this does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0073] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of one radiation unit 10 in the embodiments of the present disclosure; one radiation structure includes at least one radiation unit 10. As shown in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first opening 21 on the first electrode 2, the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 are all rectangular, but this does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 5 As shown, the first opening 21 on the first electrode 2, the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32, the first feed line 4 connected to the second electrode 31, and the second feed line 5 connected to the third electrode 32, whose orthographic projections on the dielectric layer 1 are located within the orthographic projection of the first opening 21 on the dielectric layer 1, constitute a radiation unit 10. In short, one radiation unit 10 includes one first opening 21, one second electrode 31, one third electrode 32, one first feed line 4 and one second feed line 5. In some examples, for one radiation unit 10, the line connecting the center of the second electrode 31 and the center of the third electrode 32 is parallel to one diagonal of the first opening 21. For example: the line connecting the center of the second electrode 31 and the center of the third electrode 32 overlaps with the orthographic projection of one diagonal of the first opening 21 on the dielectric layer 1. In this way, the positions of the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 in the radiation unit 10 are reasonably set to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0074] Further, for any radiation unit 10, the length of the line connecting the center of the second electrode 31 and the center of the third electrode 32 is L1, and the length of one diagonal of the first opening 21 is L2; L1:L2 = 0.2-0.6. For example: L1:L2 = 0.488. By reasonably setting the distance between the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32, the isolation between them is ensured while the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved.

[0075] Further, the first opening 21 includes oppositely arranged first and second side edges 211 and 212, and oppositely arranged third and fourth side edges 213 and 214; and the first, second, third and fourth side edges 211, 212, 213 and 214 of the first opening 21 each include oppositely arranged first and second end points. The first and second end points of the first and second side edges 211 and 212 are respectively the upper and lower end points shown in Figure 5 ; and the first and second end points of the third and fourth side edges 213 and 214 are respectively the left and right end points shown in Figure 5The first side edge 211 of the first opening 21 in any radiation unit 10 intersects the orthographic projection of the first feed line 4 on the dielectric layer 1 at a first intersection point a; the third side edge of the first opening 21 intersects the orthographic projection of the second feed line 5 on the dielectric layer 1 at a second intersection point b; the distance S1 between the orthographic projection of the first end point of the first side edge of the first opening 21 on the dielectric layer 1 to the first intersection point a is in a ratio of 0.1-1.1 to the distance S2 between the orthographic projection of the second end point of the first side edge of the first opening 21 on the dielectric layer 1 to the first intersection point a; the distance S3 between the orthographic projection of the first end point of the third side edge of the first opening 21 on the dielectric layer 1 to the second intersection point b is in a ratio of 0.1-1.1 to the distance S4 between the orthographic projection of the second end point of the third side edge of the first opening 21 on the dielectric layer 1 to the second intersection point b.

[0076] In some examples, continuing to refer to Figure 4 , the antenna of the embodiments of the present disclosure not only includes the above structure, but can also include a first feed structure 6 and a second feed structure 7. The first feed structure 6 at least partially overlaps the orthographic projection of the first feed line 4 on the dielectric layer 1 and is configured to feed the second electrode 31 through the first feed line 4. The second feed structure 7 at least partially overlaps the orthographic projection of the second feed line 5 on the dielectric layer 1 and is configured to feed the third electrode 32 through the second feed line 5. In one example, the first feed line 4 and the second electrode 31 are arranged in the same layer, while the first feed line 4 and the first feed structure 6 are arranged in the same layer and are directly electrically connected; correspondingly, the second feed line 5 and the third electrode 32 are arranged in the same layer, while the second feed line 5 and the second feed structure 7 are arranged in the same layer and are directly electrically connected. In another example, the first feed line 4 and the first feed structure 6 are arranged in different layers, at which time the first feed structure 6 feeds the first feed line 4 through coupling; correspondingly, the second feed line 5 and the second feed structure 7 are arranged in different layers, at which time the second feed structure 7 feeds the second feed line 5 through coupling.

[0077] Further, in some examples, when the number of first openings 21 on the first electrode 2 is two n , the number of radiation structures is also two nMeanwhile, the first feed structure 6 includes n levels of third feeders 61, and the second feed structure 7 includes n levels of fourth feeders 71. Specifically, a third feeder 61 at level 1 connects to two adjacent first feeders 4, and different third feeders 61 at level 1 connect to different first feeders 4; a third feeder 61 at level m connects to two adjacent third feeders 61 at level m-1, and different third feeders 61 at level m connect to different third feeders 61 at level m-1; a fourth feeder 71 at level 1 connects to two adjacent second feeders 5, and different fourth feeders 71 at level 1 connect to different second feeders 5; a fourth feeder 71 at level m connects to two adjacent fourth feeders 71 at level m-1, and different fourth feeders 71 at level m connect to different fourth feeders 71 at level m-1; where n ≥ 2, 2 ≤ m ≤ n, and m and n are integers.

[0078] by Figure 4 Taking the antenna shown as an example, this antenna includes four radiating structures, where n is 2. That is, the first feed structure 6 includes two stages and three third feed lines 61, and the second feed structure 7 includes two stages and three fourth feed lines 71. Specifically, one third feed line 61 in the first stage connects to the feed terminals of the first and second first feed lines 4 from left to right, and another third feed line 61 connects to the feed terminals of the third and fourth first feed lines 4 from left to right. The third feed line 61 in the second stage connects to the feed terminals of the two third feed lines 61 in the first stage. Similarly, one fourth feed line 71 in the first stage connects to the feed terminals of the first and second second feed lines 5 from left to right, and another fourth feed line 71 connects to the feed terminals of the third and fourth second second feed lines 5 from left to right. The fourth feed line 71 in the second stage connects to the feed terminals of the two fourth feed lines 71 in the first stage. At this time, the feed end of the third feed line 61 located in the second stage of the first feed structure 6 (that is, the feed end 62 of the first feed structure 6) is horizontally polarized, and the feed end of the fourth feed line 71 located in the second stage of the second feed structure 7 (that is, the feed end 72 of the second feed structure 7) is vertically polarized.

[0079] In some examples, the widths of the first feed line 4 and the second feed line 5 are equal or approximately equal; the widths of the third feed line 61 and the fourth feed line 71 are equal or approximately equal. It should be noted that approximately equal in the embodiments of the present disclosure means that the difference between the two is within a preset range, for example, if the difference between the widths of the first feed line 4 and the second feed line 5 is not greater than 0.1 mm, the widths of the first feed line 4 and the second feed line 5 are considered to be approximately equal. Further, the widths of the first feed line 4 (or the second feed line 5) and the third feed line 61 (or the fourth feed line 71) are 0.2-0.5; for example, the widths of the first feed line 4 and the second feed line 5 are about 0.6 mm; the widths of the third feed line 61 and the fourth feed line 71 are about 1.5 mm; the width ratio of the first feed line 4 to the third feed line 61 is 0.6:1.5=0.4. Generally, the first feed line 4, the second feed line 5, the third feed line 61 and the fourth feed line 71 are arranged on the same layer and are made of the same material, at this time, the width ratio of the first feed line 4 and the third feed line 61 is reasonably set to achieve impedance matching. In some examples, the first feed line 4, the second feed line 5, the third feed line 61 and the fourth feed line 71 can all adopt a metal mesh structure. When the first feed line 4, the second feed line 5, the third feed line 61, the fourth feed line 71, the first electrode 2, the second electrode 31, the third electrode 32 and the fourth electrode 33 all adopt a metal mesh structure, the projections of the hollow parts of the metal mesh structures on the dielectric layer 1 are completely overlapped or approximately overlapped. It should be noted that approximately overlapped in the embodiments of the present disclosure means that the width of the staggered area of the orthographic projection of the hollow parts of the two metal mesh structures is not greater than 1 times the line width. Through this kind of setting mode, the optical transmittance of the antenna can be effectively improved.

[0080] In some examples, Figure 6 is a top view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; as Figure 6 shown, the antenna has a radiation area and a feed area, the radiation unit 10 is arranged in the radiation area, and the first feed structure 6 and the second feed structure 7 are arranged in the feed area. The structure of the antenna is approximately the same as that of the antenna shown in Figure 4 , the difference is only that the structure of the first electrode 2 is different. The first electrode 2 not only includes the first opening 21 located in the radiation area, but also includes the second opening 22 located in the feed area, and the second opening 22 has no overlap with the orthographic projection of the first feed structure 6 and the second feed structure 7 on the dielectric layer 1. By setting the second opening 22, not only the optical transmittance of the antenna can be improved, but also the radiation direction of the microwave signal can be changed.

[0081] In some examples, Figure 7 is a top view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; as Figure 7 shown, the structure of the antenna is approximately the same as that of the antenna shown in Figure 4The structures shown are substantially the same, and the difference is that the first redundant electrode 210 is filled in the first opening 21 of the first electrode, and the second redundant electrode 220 is filled in the second opening 22. In some examples, the first redundant electrode 210 and the second redundant electrode 220 are arranged in the same layer as the first electrode 2 and are made of the same material. That is, the first redundant electrode 210 and the second redundant electrode 220 can be prepared by the same via communication process as the first electrode 2. It should be noted that the first redundant electrode 210 and the second redundant electrode 220 can also adopt a metal mesh structure, but the metal wires of the metal mesh structure constituting the first redundant electrode 210 and the second redundant electrode 220 are broken, for example, after the metal mesh structure is formed, the metal wires of the metal mesh structure of the first redundant electrode 210 and the second redundant electrode 220 are cut by laser.

[0082] In some examples, Figure 8 is a top view of another antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as Figure 8 The structure of the antenna shown is substantially the same as Figure 4 The difference is that each radiation unit 10 of the antenna is rotated by 45° compared to the radiation unit 10 of the antenna shown in Figure 4 Specifically, the first electrode 2 of the antenna includes a main body part 20, a first branch 23 and a second branch 24, and the first branch 23 and the second branch 24 are respectively connected to the two sides of the length direction of the main body part 20, and the antenna further includes a fifth feed line 9 connected to the feed end 62 of the first feed structure 6, and a sixth feed line 10 connected to the feed end 72 of the second feed structure 7; the orthogonal projection of the fifth feed line 9 on the dielectric layer 1 is located in the orthogonal projection of the first branch 23 on the dielectric layer 1; the orthogonal projection of the sixth feed line 10 on the dielectric layer 1 is located in the orthogonal projection of the second branch 24 on the dielectric layer 1; the width median line of the main body part 20 coincides with one diagonal line of the dielectric layer 1; the extension direction of the fifth feed line 9 and the extension direction of the sixth microstrip are perpendicular to each other, and the angle between the two and the diagonal line of the dielectric layer 1 is 45°. For example, as shown in Figure 8 The feed end of the fifth feed line 9 corresponds to +45° polarization, and the feed end of the sixth feed line 10 corresponds to -45° polarization. That is, Figure 8 The antenna shown can realize ±45° polarization.

[0083] In some examples, the first electrode 2, the second electrode 31, the third electrode 32, the fourth electrode 33, the first feed line 4, the second feed line 5, the third feed line 61, the fourth feed line 71, the fifth feed line 9 and the sixth feed line 10 can all adopt a metal mesh structure, and the edge of the metal mesh structure of at least one of the second electrode 31, the third electrode 32, the fourth electrode 33, the first feed line 4, the second feed line 5, the third feed line 61, the fourth feed line 71, the fifth feed line 9 and the sixth feed line 10 intersects with the projection of the metal mesh structure of the first electrode 2 on the dielectric layer 1.

[0084] In order to make the structure and performance of the antenna of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, and to describe the antenna of the embodiments of the present disclosure in combination with specific examples and simulation results.

[0085] First example: the antenna is a horizontal-vertical (0° / 90°) polarized antenna, the top view of the antenna is as shown in Figure 4 , and the cross-sectional view of the antenna is as shown in Figure 2 . The overall size of the antenna is 77.465mm*200mm, the thickness of the dielectric layer 1 therein is 250μm, the material thereof is PET material, Dk / Df is 3.34 / 0.0069; the first electrode 2 is a metal surface structure with a thickness of 2.0μm and a copper material, the first opening 21 on the first electrode 2 is a rectangular slot. The second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 are arranged in the same layer, each of which is a metal surface structure with a thickness of 2.0μm and a copper material, and the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 are both rectangular; each radiation unit 10 is provided with a fourth electrode 33 arranged in the same layer as the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32, and the fourth electrode 33 is also a metal surface structure with a thickness of 2.0μm and a copper material. The simulation of the above structure obtains that the -6dB impedance bandwidths of the feed end 62 of the first feed structure 6 and the feed end 72 of the second feed structure 7 of the antenna are 1.13GHz (3.37-4.5GHz) and 1.27GHz (3.23-4.5GHz) respectively, the gains of the two feed ends at the center frequency point (3.75GHz) are 9.09dBi and 7.50dBi respectively, the half-power beamwidths are 21° / 64 and 74° / 19° respectively, and the polarization isolation degrees are 21.05dB and 11.09dB respectively.

[0086] Second example: the antenna is a horizontal-vertical (±45°) polarized antenna, the top view of the antenna is as shown in Figure 8 , and the cross-sectional view of the antenna is as shown in Figure 2The overall size of the antenna is 188.4mm*188.4mm, the thickness of the dielectric layer 1 is 250μm, the material of the dielectric layer 1 is PET, the Dk / Df of the dielectric layer 1 is 3.34 / 0.0069, the first electrode 2 is a metal mesh structure with a thickness of 2.0μm and a copper material, the first opening 21 on the first electrode 2 is a rectangular slot, the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 are arranged in the same layer, each of which is a metal mesh structure with a thickness of 2.0μm and a copper material, and the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 are both rectangular, and each radiation unit 10 is provided with a fourth electrode 33 arranged in the same layer as the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32, and the fourth electrode 33 is also a metal mesh structure with a thickness of 2.0μm and a copper material. The hollow part in each metal mesh structure is a triangle, the line width of the metal mesh structure is 10um, the side length of the triangle is 200um, and the transmittance of the final antenna is 70%. The simulation of the above structure obtains that the -6dB impedance bandwidth of the feeding end 62 of the first feeding structure 6 and the feeding end 72 of the second feeding structure 7 is 0.9GHz (3.3-4.2GHz), covering the entire n77, n78 frequency band, and the maximum gain of the two feeding ends in 3-5GHz is 7.89dBi@4.68GHz and 6.03dBi@4.44GHz, respectively, and the corresponding radiation efficiency is 67.4% and 52.5%, respectively.

[0087] The third example: the antenna structure is substantially the same as that of the antenna structure of Figure 8 The difference is that the first electrode 2, the second electrode 31, the third electrode 32 and the fourth electrode 33 are all planar structures, not metal mesh structures. The overall size of the antenna is still 188.4mm*188.4mm. The simulation of the above structure obtains that the -6dB impedance bandwidth of the feeding end 62 of the first feeding structure 6 and the feeding end 72 of the second feeding structure 7 is 1.11GHz (3.39-4.5GHz) and 1.25GHz (3.25-4.5GHz), respectively, the gain of the two feeding ends at the center frequency point (3.75GHz) is 9.32dBi and 6.91dBi, respectively, the half-power beam width is 47° / 20° and 72° / 18°, respectively, and the polarization isolation is 20.12dB and 10.65dB, respectively. The maximum gain in 3-5GHz is 10.20dBi@4.64GHz and 8.39dBi@5GHz, respectively, and the corresponding antenna radiation efficiency is 72.9% and 64.8%, respectively.

[0088] The fourth example: the top view of the antenna is as shown in Figure 8 The cross-sectional view of the antenna is as shown in Figure 3As shown, the dielectric layer 1 of this antenna is a composite film layer, comprising a first sub-dielectric layer 11, a first adhesive layer 12, and a second sub-dielectric layer 13 stacked sequentially. A first electrode 2 is disposed on the side of the first sub-dielectric layer 11 facing away from the first adhesive layer 12, a second electrode 31 is disposed on the side of the first sub-dielectric layer 11 close to the first adhesive layer 12, and a third electrode 32 is disposed on the side of the second sub-dielectric layer 13 facing away from the first adhesive layer 12. No isolation strip is provided in this type of antenna. The remaining structure is the same as in the third example, and therefore will not be described further here. The overall size of the antenna is 189.4mm*189.4mm. Based on the above structural simulation, the -6dB impedance bandwidths of the first feed structure 6 and the second feed structure 7 are 1.25GHz (3.25-4.5GHz) and 1.25GHz (3.25-4.5GHz), respectively. The gains of the two feeds at the center frequency (3.75GHz) are 9.06dBi and 7.32dBi, respectively. The half-power beamwidths are 48° / 20° and 72° / 18°, respectively. The polarization isolation is 21.32dB and 11.74dB, respectively.

[0089] Fifth example: The top view of the antenna is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the cross-sectional view of the antenna is as follows. Figure 2 As shown. Compared with the third example, the isolation strip is removed from the structure of this antenna, and the two polarizations are still made on the same dielectric layer 1. The rest of the antenna structure is the same as the third example, so it will not be described again here. The overall size of the antenna is 188.4mm*188.4mm. Simulation of the above structure shows that the -6dB impedance bandwidths of the feed terminal 62 of the first feed structure 6 and the feed terminal 72 of the second feed structure 7 are 1.11GHz (3.39-4.5GHz) and 1.26GHz (3.24-4.5GHz), respectively. The gains of the two feed terminals at the center frequency (3.75GHz) are 9.19dBi and 6.72dBi, respectively. The half-power beamwidths are 47° / 20° and 72° / 18°, respectively. The polarization isolation is 17.67dB and 9.32dB, respectively.

[0090] Secondly, Figure 9 This is a flowchart of a method for fabricating an antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 9 As shown, this disclosure provides a method for fabricating an antenna, which can be used to fabricate any of the antennas described above. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0091] S1. Provide a dielectric layer 1.

[0092] The dielectric layer 1 can be a flexible substrate or a glass substrate, and step S1 may include a step of cleaning the dielectric layer 1.

[0093] S2, forming a pattern including the first electrode 2 on the dielectric layer 1 by a patterning process. Wherein, a first opening 21 is formed on the first electrode 2.

[0094] In some examples, the step S2 can specifically include: depositing a first metal film on the dielectric layer 1 by a method including but not limited to magnetron sputtering, then performing gluing, exposure, development, and then wet etching, and stripping after etching to form a pattern including the first electrode 2.

[0095] S3, forming a pattern including the radiation structure, the first feed line 4 and the second feed line 5 on the side of the dielectric layer 1 away from the first electrode 2 by a patterning process. Wherein, the orthographic projection of one radiation structure on the dielectric layer 1 is located within the orthographic projection of the first opening 21 on the dielectric layer 1.

[0096] Wherein, for any radiation structure including the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32, the orthographic projection of the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 on the dielectric layer 1 is located within the orthographic projection of the first opening 21 on the dielectric layer 1, and the orthographic projection of the second electrode 31 and the third electrode 32 on the dielectric layer 1 has no overlap; one first feed line 4 is configured to feed one second electrode 31, one second feed line 5 is configured to feed one third electrode, and the feeding direction of the first feed line 4 is different from the feeding direction of the second feed line 5.

[0097] Of course, in some examples, the first feed line 4 and the second electrode 31 are prepared in one patterning process, and the second feed line 5 and the third electrode 32 are prepared in one patterning process, but the second electrode 31 is prepared in two patterning processes.

[0098] For example, the dielectric layer 1 is sequentially stacked with a first sub-dielectric layer 11, a first adhesive layer 12 and a second sub-dielectric layer 13. The first electrode 2 is formed on the side of the first sub-dielectric layer 11 away from the first adhesive layer 12, the second electrode 31 is formed on the side of the first sub-dielectric layer 11 close to the first adhesive layer 12, and the third electrode 32 is formed on the side of the second sub-dielectric layer 13 away from the first adhesive layer 12. Further, a protective layer 8 can be formed on the side of the third electrode 32 away from the second sub-dielectric layer 13, for example, a transparent waterproof coating layer with self-repairing capability. In some examples, the materials of the first sub-dielectric layer 11 and the second sub-dielectric layer 13 include but are not limited to polyimide (PI) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials. The material of the first adhesive layer 12 can be transparent optical (OCA) glue.

[0099] In a second aspect, the disclosure provides a communication system, which can include the antenna described above, and the antenna can be fixed on the inner side of the glass window.

[0100] The glass window system in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in the glass window system of a car, a train (including a high-speed train), an airplane, a building, etc. The antenna can be fixed on the inner side (the side close to the indoor side) of the glass window. Since the optical transmittance of the antenna is high, the antenna has little influence on the transmittance of the glass window while realizing the communication function, and the antenna will become a trend of beautifying the antenna. The glass window in the embodiments of the present disclosure includes but is not limited to double-layer glass, and the type of the glass window can also be single-layer glass, laminated glass, thin glass, thick glass, etc.

[0101] In some examples, Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 1. The communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a transceiving unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filter unit. The antenna in the communication system can be used as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiving unit can include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides at least one frequency band of signals, such as 2G signals, 3G signals, 4G signals, 5G signals, etc., and transmits the signals of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After the antenna in the communication system receives the signals, the signals can be transmitted to the receiving end in the transceiving unit after being processed by the filter unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver. The receiving end can be a smart gateway, etc. Figure 10 Further, the radio frequency transceiver is connected to the transceiving unit, and is used for modulating the signals transmitted by the transceiving unit, or for demodulating the signals received by the transparent antenna and then transmitting the signals to the transceiving unit. Specifically, the radio frequency transceiver can include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives the signals of various types provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate the signals of various types provided by the baseband, and then transmit the signals to the antenna. The transparent antenna receives the signals and transmits the signals to the receiving circuit of the radio frequency transceiver. The receiving circuit transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit. The demodulation circuit demodulates the signals and then transmits the signals to the receiving end.

[0102]

[0103] ​Further, the radio frequency transceiver is connected with the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, the signal amplifier and the power amplifier are connected with the filter unit, and the filter unit is connected with at least one antenna. In the process of transmitting signals by the communication system, the signal amplifier is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmit the signal to the filter unit; the power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmit the signal to the filter unit; the filter unit can specifically include a duplexer and a filter circuit, the filter unit combines and filters the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier and then transmits the signals to the transparent antenna, and the antenna radiates the signals. In the process of receiving signals by the communication system, the antenna receives the signals and then transmits the signals to the filter unit, the filter unit filters the signals received by the antenna and then transmits the signals to the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, the signal amplifier increases the gain of the signals received by the antenna and increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals, and the power amplifier amplifies the power of the signals received by the antenna. The signals received by the antenna 1 are processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier and then transmitted to the radio frequency transceiver, and the radio frequency transceiver transmits the signals to the transceiver unit.

[0104] In some examples, the signal amplifier can include various types of signal amplifiers, such as a low-noise amplifier, without limitation.

[0105] In some examples, the communication system provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit, and the power management unit is connected with the power amplifier and provides a voltage for amplifying signals for the power amplifier.

[0106] It can be understood that the above implementation is only an exemplary implementation adopted for illustrating the principles of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto. Various modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and essence of the present application, and these modifications and improvements are also regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna, comprising: a dielectric layer; a first electrode disposed on the dielectric layer, the first electrode having at least one first opening; a first redundant electrode filled in the first opening, the first redundant electrode being disposed in the same layer as the first electrode, the first redundant electrode comprising a metal mesh structure, and the first redundant electrode being structurally disconnected from and electrically isolated from the first electrode; at least one radiating structure disposed on the dielectric layer, the at least one radiating structure being disposed on a different side of the dielectric layer from the first electrode, one of the radiating structures comprising a second electrode and a third electrode, a footprint of the second electrode on the dielectric layer being within a footprint of the first opening on the dielectric layer, and a footprint of the third electrode on the dielectric layer being non-overlapping with the footprint of the second electrode on the dielectric layer; at least one first feed line and at least one second feed line disposed on the dielectric layer, the at least one first feed line and the at least one second feed line being disposed on a different side of the dielectric layer from the first electrode, one of the first feed lines being configured to feed one of the second electrodes, one of the second feed lines being configured to feed one of the third electrodes, and a feeding direction of the first feed line being different from a feeding direction of the second feed line; the dielectric layer being a single layer structure, or the dielectric layer comprising a first sub-dielectric layer, a first adhesive layer, and a second sub-dielectric layer disposed in a stack; when the dielectric layer comprises the first sub-dielectric layer, the first adhesive layer, and the second sub-dielectric layer disposed in a stack, the first electrode is disposed on a side of the first sub-dielectric layer facing away from the first adhesive layer, the second electrode is disposed on a side of the first adhesive layer close to the first sub-dielectric layer, and the third electrode is disposed on a side of the second sub-dielectric layer facing away from the first adhesive layer.

2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, at least one of the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode comprises a metal mesh structure.

3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, further comprising: at least one fourth electrode disposed on a side of the dielectric layer facing away from the first electrode; a footprint of one of the fourth electrodes on the dielectric layer is within a footprint of one of the first openings on the dielectric layer, and an extension of a length direction of the footprint of the fourth electrode on the dielectric layer divides the footprint of the first opening on the dielectric layer into a first region and a second region, footprints of the second electrode and the third electrode on the dielectric layer are disposed in the first region and the second region respectively, and the fourth electrode is structurally disconnected from and electrically isolated from both the second electrode and the third electrode.

4. The antenna of claim 3, wherein, the second electrode, the third electrode, and the fourth electrode are disposed in the same layer.

5. The antenna of claim 3, wherein, the fourth electrode comprises a metal mesh structure.

6. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, the second electrode and the third electrode, whose footprints on the dielectric layer are within one of the first openings, and the first feed line connected to the second electrode and the second feed line connected to the third electrode form a radiating unit, and the radiating structure comprises at least one of the radiating units. The first opening is rectangular; for any of the radiation units, a line connecting the center of the second electrode and the center of the third electrode is parallel to one diagonal of the first opening.

7. The antenna of claim 6, wherein, For any of the radiation units, the length of the line connecting the center of the second electrode and the center of the third electrode is 0.2-0.6 times the length of the diagonal of the first opening.

8. The antenna of claim 6, wherein, The first opening includes oppositely arranged first and second sides and oppositely arranged third and fourth sides; and the first, second, third and fourth sides of the first opening each include oppositely arranged first and second end points. For any of the radiation units, the first side of the first opening intersects the orthographic projection of the first feed line on the dielectric layer at a first intersection point; and the third side of the first opening intersects the orthographic projection of the second feed line on the dielectric layer at a second intersection point. The distance from the orthographic projection of the first end point of the first side of the first opening on the dielectric layer to the first intersection point is 0.1-1.1 times the distance from the orthographic projection of the second end point of the first side of the first opening on the dielectric layer to the first intersection point. The distance from the orthographic projection of the first end point of the third side of the first opening on the dielectric layer to the second intersection point is 0.1-1.1 times the distance from the orthographic projection of the second end point of the third side of the first opening on the dielectric layer to the second intersection point.

9. The antenna of claim 6, wherein, The second and third electrodes are each rectangular; the second and third electrodes each include first, second, third and fourth sides; and the first, second, third and fourth sides of the second and third electrodes are respectively parallel to the first, second, third and fourth sides of the first opening.

10. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, At least one of the first and second feed lines is a microstrip line, and the feeding direction of one of the first and second feed lines is vertical, and the feeding direction of the other is horizontal.

11. The antenna of any of claims 1-10, wherein, The first and second feed structures are each on the second surface of the dielectric layer, and the orthographic projection of the first feed structure on the dielectric layer at least partially overlaps the first feed line, and the orthographic projection of the second feed structure on the dielectric layer at least partially overlaps the second feed line.

12. The antenna of claim 11, wherein, The first feed structure is in the same layer as the first feed line and electrically connected thereto; and the second feed structure is in the same layer as the second feed line and electrically connected thereto.

13. The antenna of claim 11, wherein, The number of the first openings is 2 n The first feeding structure includes n levels of third feeding lines, and the second feeding structure includes n levels of fourth feeding lines. One of the third feed lines at the first level connects two adjacent first feed lines, and different third feed lines at the first level connect different first feed lines; one of the third feed lines at the mth level connects two adjacent third feed lines at the (m-1)th level, and different third feed lines at the mth level connect different third feed lines at the (m-1)th level. One of the fourth feed lines at the first level connects two adjacent second feed lines, and different fourth feed lines at the first level connect different second feed lines; one of the fourth feed lines at the mth level connects two adjacent fourth feed lines at the (m-1)th level, and different fourth feed lines at the mth level connect different fourth feed lines at the (m-1)th level; wherein n≥2, 2≤m≤n, and m and n are integers; At least one of the third feed line and the fourth feed line is a microstrip line.

14. The antenna of claim 11, wherein, The first electrode comprises a main body part, a first branch and a second branch; the first branch and the second branch are respectively connected to two sides of the main body part in the length direction; the antenna further comprises a fifth feed line and a sixth feed line; the fifth feed line is connected to the first feed structure, and the orthogonal projection of the fifth feed line on the dielectric layer is located in the orthogonal projection of the first branch on the dielectric layer; The sixth feed line is connected to the second feed structure, and the orthogonal projection of the sixth feed line on the dielectric layer is located in the orthogonal projection of the second branch on the dielectric layer; The extension direction of the fifth feed line and the extension direction of the sixth feed line are perpendicular to each other, and the included angle between the fifth feed line and the first feed line is 45°.

15. The antenna of claim 11, wherein, The antenna is divided into a feed area and a radiation area; the first feed structure and the second feed structure are located in the feed area; the radiation structure is located in the radiation area; the first electrode further has at least one second opening located in the feed area; the second opening does not overlap with the orthogonal projection of the first feed structure and the second feed structure on the dielectric layer.

16. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The material of the first sub-dielectric layer and / or the second sub-dielectric layer comprises polyimide or polyethylene terephthalate.

17. A method of manufacturing an antenna, characterized by, The antenna is the antenna described in any one of claims 1-16, and the preparation method comprises: providing a dielectric layer; the dielectric layer is a single-layer structure; or the dielectric layer comprises a first sub-dielectric layer, a first adhesive layer and a second sub-dielectric layer which are arranged in a stack; forming a pattern comprising a first electrode on one side of the dielectric layer by a patterning process; wherein the first electrode has at least one first opening, and a first redundant electrode is filled in the first opening; the first redundant electrode is arranged in the same layer as the first electrode; the first redundant electrode comprises a metal mesh structure, and the first redundant electrode is structurally disconnected from the first electrode and electrically isolated from the first electrode; forming at least one radiation structure, at least one first feed line and at least one second feed line on the side of the dielectric layer opposite to the first electrode; one of the radiation structures comprises a second electrode and a third electrode; the orthogonal projection of the second electrode and the third electrode on the dielectric layer is located in the orthogonal projection of the first opening on the dielectric layer, and the orthogonal projection of the second electrode on the dielectric layer does not overlap with the orthogonal projection of the third electrode on the dielectric layer; one of the first feed lines is configured to feed one of the second electrodes, and one of the second feed lines is configured to feed one of the third electrodes; and the feeding direction of the first feed line is different from the feeding direction of the second feed line. And, when the medium layer comprises a first sub-medium layer, a first adhesive layer, and a second sub-medium layer arranged in a stack, the first electrode is arranged on a side of the first sub-medium layer facing away from the first adhesive layer, the second electrode is arranged on a side of the first adhesive layer close to the first sub-medium layer, and the third electrode is arranged on a side of the second sub-medium layer facing away from the first adhesive layer.

18. A communication system comprising the antenna of any one of claims 1-16.

19. The communication system of claim 18, wherein, Also comprising: a transceiving unit for transmitting or receiving signals; a radio frequency transceiver connected to the transceiving unit, for modulating signals transmitted by the transceiving unit, or for demodulating signals received by the antenna and transmitting the demodulated signals to the transceiving unit; a signal amplifier connected to the radio frequency transceiver, for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of signals output by the radio frequency transceiver or signals received by the antenna; a power amplifier connected to the radio frequency transceiver, for amplifying the power of signals output by the radio frequency transceiver or signals received by the antenna; a filtering unit connected to the signal amplifier, the power amplifier, and the antenna, for filtering signals received by the antenna and transmitting the filtered signals to the antenna, or filtering signals received by the antenna.

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