A positive line snow prevention sand train wheel pair size detection device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a positive line snow prevention sand train wheel set size detection device and method, the device comprises: a visual measurement module; a wheel detection module for detecting whether a train wheel arrives; a blowing module for blowing away sundries in the measurement field of view; an electrical control and data processing module for judging whether a train arrives and controlling the working state of the visual measurement module and the blowing module, receiving image data collected by the visual measurement module through the electrical control and data processing module and processing the image data to obtain wheel set geometric size parameters and / or rail size parameters. In the application, the visual measurement module and the electrical control and data processing module are used to realize wheel set size measurement, the working state of the blowing module is regulated according to the field environment condition, energy consumption caused by the continuous opening of the blower is avoided, the service life of the blower is prolonged, no other environment monitoring module needs to be added, the field environment condition is directly reflected by the visual measurement accuracy, and the cost is low and simple and effective.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of train wheel set size detection, and particularly relates to a snow and sand prevention train wheel set size detection device and method for a main line. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a key component of a train, a wheel set directly affects the running safety of the train due to its wear and running state. Wheel set size detection, i.e. measurement of relevant geometric size information of the wheel set, is one of key links of track transportation operation safety detection. With continuous development and progress of detection technology, automatic detection equipment has been gradually applied. At present, wheel set size detection equipment mostly adopts visual measurement technology. Since visual measurement is based on calculation of images of a measured object, image quality directly affects measurement precision, and application environment is required to have good imaging conditions. The wheel set size detection equipment is usually installed beside a rail, especially for main line detection. In severe weather conditions such as heavy snow or sandstorm, the light path and field of view of the sensor are blocked, and even the whole or part of the equipment may be buried, which will cause the measurement precision of the equipment to decrease or the equipment to fail to work normally.

[0003] The prior art usually adopts a high-power blower to blow high-speed and high-pressure wind from the direction of the field of view. On the one hand, the snow or sand is prevented from accumulating and burying the equipment for a long time, and on the other hand, the snow or sand on the light path is blown away during imaging, reducing the influence of the snow or sand on image quality. In order to ensure the effect of blowing snow or sand, a person needs to manually start the blower and set the size of the wind volume and speed according to the weather condition, without automatic starting and adjusting functions. In order to maintain the effectiveness of the wheel set size detection result, the blower is often started during the whole winter season, which is always operated in a high-power working state, causing great energy waste and reducing the service life of the blower. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the technical problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a snow and sand prevention train wheel set size detection device and method for a main line.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose and achieve the above technical effects, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows.

[0006] A snow and sand prevention train wheel set size detection device for a main line comprises:

[0007] A visual measurement module, a measurement field of view range of the visual measurement module comprising a measured part of a train wheel and a rail jaw to rail waist part of a rail, is used to collect images of the measured part of the train wheel and / or the rail;

[0008] A wheel detection module is used to detect whether a train wheel arrives or not;

[0009] A blowing module is used to blow away sundries in the measurement field of view range;

[0010] An electrical control and data processing module is connected with the visual measurement module, the wheel detection module and the air blowing module, and is used to determine whether a train arrives and control the working state of the visual measurement module and the air blowing module. Image data collected by the visual measurement module is received and processed by the electrical control and data processing module to obtain geometric size parameters of a wheel set and / or size parameters of a rail.

[0011] Further, the visual measurement module is provided with at least one, each of which includes a structured light visual sensor including a camera module and a structured light laser module, which are respectively connected with the electrical control and data processing module. The measurement field range of the camera module includes a measured part of a train wheel and a rail jaw to rail waist part of a rail. The projection mode of the structured light laser module is a multi-line projection mode of at least two lines.

[0012] Further, the camera module adopts a high-resolution camera, and the measurement field range of the high-resolution camera includes a measured part of a train wheel and a rail jaw to rail waist part of a rail. Or the camera module adopts two cameras, and the measurement field range of each of the two cameras is a measured part of a train wheel and a rail jaw to rail waist part of a rail.

[0013] Further, the structured light laser module adopts one laser to project a plurality of line light strips or a plurality of lasers to respectively project a plurality of line light strips. When a train wheel set passes, the structured light laser module projects at least one line light strip onto a train wheel and forms a characteristic light strip on the outer surface thereof. The structured light laser module also projects at least one line light strip to a measured part of a rail and forms a characteristic light strip on the surface of the rail.

[0014] A snow-preventing train wheel set size detection method on a main line, including the following steps:

[0015] Step one, calibration of the system and acquisition of three-dimensional data of a curve standard of a measured part of a rail;

[0016] Step two, detection of whether a train wheel arrives by a wheel detection module. If it is detected that a train arrives, step five is entered, otherwise step three is entered.

[0017] Step three, determination of whether to perform curve measurement of a measured part of a rail according to whether a condition of detecting an influence of an environment on imaging is needed. When the condition of detecting the influence of the environment on imaging is needed, three-dimensional data of a current profile curve of the measured part of the rail is calculated.

[0018] Step four, compare the deviation between the curve standard three-dimensional data of the measured part of the rail obtained in step one and the three-dimensional data of the current profile curve of the measured part of the rail obtained in step three, control the working state of the air blowing module according to the deviation size, then enter step two and work in a cycle;

[0019] Step five, when the train passes, the wheel image data is collected by the visual measurement module and transmitted to the electrical control and data processing module for processing to obtain the wheel pair geometric size parameters, and after the geometric size parameters of each wheel pair of the train are completed, step two is entered to detect the size of the wheel pair of the next train.

[0020] In the positive line snow prevention train wheel pair size detection method provided by the application, the calibration of the system and the acquisition of the curve standard three-dimensional data of the measured part of the rail in step one include the following steps:

[0021] First, install the positive line snow prevention train wheel pair size detection device, then select a time when there is no train passing and no rain, snow and sand weather to complete the calibration of the visual measurement module;

[0022] The structured light laser module of the visual measurement module projects a line light bar to the measured part of the rail, the camera module collects the rail light bar image and uploads it to the electrical control and data processing module for analysis and processing, and the three-dimensional data of the profile curve of the measured part of the rail is calculated as the curve standard three-dimensional data.

[0023] In the positive line snow prevention train wheel pair size detection method provided by the application, the train detection module in step two includes at least one magnetic steel sensor, and when at least two train wheels are sensed by the magnetic steel sensor, it is determined that a train has arrived.

[0024] In the positive line snow prevention train wheel pair size detection method provided by the application, when the condition of detecting the influence of the environment on imaging is needed in step three, the three-dimensional data of the current profile curve of the measured part of the rail includes the following steps:

[0025] The structured light laser module of the visual measurement module projects a line light bar to the measured part of the rail, the camera module collects the rail light bar image and uploads it to the electrical control and data processing module for analysis and processing, and the three-dimensional data of the current profile curve of the measured part of the rail is calculated.

[0026] In the positive line snow prevention train wheel pair size detection method provided by the application, in step four, comparing the deviation between the curve standard three-dimensional data of the measured part of the rail obtained in step one and the three-dimensional data of the current profile curve of the measured part of the rail obtained in step three, controlling the working state of the air blowing module according to the deviation size includes the following steps:

[0027] When the deviation is greater than the set threshold value, it is considered that the rain and snow sand in the current environment has affected the measurement result of the visual measurement module, and then the working state parameter of the fan of the air blowing module is set according to the deviation size, and the air blowing module is controlled to perform air blowing work according to the set parameter through the electrical control and data processing module; when the deviation is less than or equal to the set threshold value, it is considered that the rain and snow sand in the current environment has no effect on the measurement of the visual measurement module, and the air blowing module is not started.

[0028] In the positive line snow and sand prevention train wheel set size detection method provided by the application, when the train passes, the wheel image data is collected by the visual measurement module and transmitted to the electrical control and data processing module for processing to obtain the wheel set geometric size parameters, including the following steps:

[0029] When the train passes, the structured light laser module of the visual measurement module projects a line light bar to the measured part of the train wheel, the camera module collects the wheel image data and uploads it to the electrical control and data processing module for analysis and processing, the coordinates of the light bar center are extracted from the wheel image data, and the wheel section profile data is calculated from the light bar center combined with the visual measurement module calibration parameters, and the wheel geometric size parameters are calculated according to the section profile data.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages:

[0031] The application discloses a positive line snow and sand prevention train wheel set size detection device and method, which comprises at least one visual measurement module for collecting images of the measured part of the train wheel and / or rail; a wheel detection module for detecting whether the train wheel arrives; an air blowing module for blowing away sundries in the measurement field of view; an electrical control and data processing module connected with the data processing module, the visual measurement module, the wheel detection module and the air blowing module, for judging whether the train arrives and controlling the working state of the visual measurement module and the air blowing module, receiving the image data collected by the visual measurement module and processing the image data through the electrical control and data processing module to obtain the wheel set geometric size parameters and / or rail size parameters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Fig. 1 It is a schematic view of the measurement field of view and direction of the visual measurement module of the application;

[0033] Fig. 2 It is a structural schematic view of the rail of the application;

[0034] Fig. 3 A schematic diagram of the principles of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present application will be described in detail below, so that the advantages and features of the present application can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of protection of the present application can be more clearly defined.

[0036] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0037] As shown in Figs. 1-3 A positive line snow-sand train wheel pair size detection device, comprising:

[0038] At least one visual measurement module for collecting image data of the measured part of the wheel 1 and / or the rail 2, the measurement field of view of the visual measurement module should cover the middle part of the rail 2 (i.e. the part from the rail jaw to the rail waist) in addition to the measured part of the wheel 1, and the visual measurement module preferably adopts a structured light visual sensor 3, which includes a camera module and a structured light laser module;

[0039] A wheel detection module for sensing or detecting the arrival of the wheel 1;

[0040] A blowing module as a gas source for providing stable, high-speed, high-pressure airflow for the visual measurement module to blow away rain, snow, sand, etc. in the measurement field of view;

[0041] An electrical control and data processing module connected to the camera module, the structured light laser module, the wheel detection module, and the blowing module for determining whether the train has arrived, turning on the structured light laser module of the visual measurement module, triggering the camera module to collect images, and controlling the working state of the blowing module, including turning on and off the blowing module, adjusting the air pressure and air volume of the blowing module, etc.

[0042] Specifically, the structured light laser module projects a line light bar to the measured part of the train wheel or the measured part of the rail, the camera module collects image data of the wheel and / or the rail and uploads it to the electrical control and data processing module, the electrical control and data processing module receives the image data collected by the camera module and performs operations to obtain wheel pair geometric size parameters and / or rail size parameters, and determines whether the blowing module needs to be turned on and the working setting parameters according to the rail size parameters.

[0043] In the present application, the field of view of the camera module covers the measured part of the wheel 1 and the middle part of the rail 2. A high-resolution camera can be used to cover the measured part of the wheel 1 and the middle part of the rail 2 at the same time, or two groups of cameras can be used to shoot the measured part of the wheel 1 and the measured part of the rail 2, respectively, to facilitate the measurement of the size of the wheel 1 and the size of the rail 2.

[0044] The projection mode of the structured light laser module is a multi-line projection mode of at least two lines. The structured light laser module projects multiple line light strips using one laser or multiple lasers. When the train wheel passes, the structured light laser module projects at least one line light strip onto the wheel 1 to form a characteristic light strip on the outer surface of the wheel 1, which is used for measuring the geometric size of the wheel 1. The structured light laser module also projects at least one line light strip onto the measured part of the rail 2 to form a characteristic light strip on the surface of the rail 2, which is used for measuring the geometric size of the measured part of the rail 2.

[0045] The wheel detection module is arranged near the designated position of the vision measurement module. The wheel detection module uses a magnetic steel sensor, a photoelectric sensor, or other conventional sensors to detect the arrival of the wheel. Preferably, the wheel detection module uses a magnetic steel sensor. Preferably, multiple magnetic steel sensors can be used to determine the arrival of the train and detect the time when each wheel set reaches the sensing position. When it is not convenient to install a magnetic steel sensor, multiple magnetic steels with known distances between them can be used to calculate the speed of the train. The delay time of triggering is calculated by the distance between the magnetic steel and the vision measurement module, and the camera module is triggered to shoot the laser light strip image of the wheel. Preferably, a wheel detection module can also be installed on the other side of the vision measurement module in the direction of the train to determine when the wheel leaves the vision measurement area.

[0046] The air blowing module is composed of a fan and an air duct. The fan can be a common air blower. A fan with adjustable speed can be selected to control the air volume and speed. Preferably, a fan frequency converter is used to adjust the air blowing. The fan frequency converter is connected to and controlled by the electrical control and data processing module. The air duct guides the airflow generated by the fan from the fan port to the vision measurement module and blows it out from the window of the vision measurement module. The direction of the airflow covers the field of view of the vision measurement module to minimize the entry of rain, snow, and sand into the field of view.

[0047] The electrical control and data processing module mainly performs two functions:

[0048] In one aspect, the visual measurement module is controlled to collect the wheel image of the passing train according to the signal detected by the wheel detection module, and the visual measurement module transmits the collected image data to the electrical control and data processing module for analysis and processing, specifically: obtaining the sensing signal of the wheel detection module, and directly controlling the structured light laser module of the visual measurement module to project laser and the camera module to take pictures according to the detected response signal of the wheel, or triggering the camera module to take pictures after calculating the running speed of the train; after the wheel leaves the visual measurement module, the electrical control and data processing module controls the camera module to stop taking pictures, and the structured light laser module is turned off to stop projecting laser when the train leaves; on the other hand, the visual measurement module is controlled to collect the image of the specified part of the rail, and the visual measurement module transmits the collected image data to the electrical control and data processing module for analysis and processing, specifically: the electrical control and data processing module receives the magnetic steel signal sensed by the wheel detection module, etc., when there is no magnetic steel signal, i.e. no vehicle passes, the structured light laser module is turned on to project laser onto the to-be-measured part of the rail 2 according to the set time period, and the camera module is triggered to take pictures, the image collected by the camera module is transmitted to the electrical control and data processing module, the electrical control and data processing module returns information whether to start the fan of the air blowing module after processing the image, and the working state parameters of the fan, such as the air pressure and air volume of the fan or the working frequency of the fan, the electrical control and data processing module controls the fan of the air blowing module to work according to the working state parameters of the fan; when there is a magnetic steel signal, i.e. a train passes, the rail measurement image collection is not performed or ended, and the working state of the fan is maintained.

[0049] The electrical control and data processing module receives the laser stripe wheel image data collected by the camera module of the visual measurement module, judges the time data of the arrival and departure of the wheel according to the signal of the wheel detection module, performs train wheel contour structured light three-dimensional reconstruction calculation on each image, and further calculates the wheel set geometric size parameters. At the same time, the electrical control and data processing module receives the rail stripe image data collected by the camera module, and performs rail to-be-measured part contour structured light three-dimensional reconstruction calculation to obtain the three-dimensional data of the curve of the to-be-measured part of the rail. If the deviation between the three-dimensional data of the curve of the to-be-measured part of the rail without the influence of rain and snow and the three-dimensional data of the curve measured in the system operation is small, the electrical control and data processing module controls to turn off the fan, if the deviation is large, the electrical control and data processing module is fed back to turn on the fan, and the working state parameters of the fan are fed back according to the deviation degree. The larger the deviation is, the larger the air pressure and air volume of the fan are or the higher the frequency of the frequency converter of the fan is.

[0050] A positive line snow and sand train wheel set size detection method, comprising the following steps:

[0051] Step one, system calibration and acquisition of standard three-dimensional data of the curve of the to-be-measured part of the rail

[0052] After the wheel pair size detection device of the positive line snow sand train is installed, the calibration of each vision measurement module is completed when there is no train passing and no snow and sand weather, and the existing calibration method of the structured light vision system can be used to realize the calibration of the vision measurement module. For details, see the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN1250942C. The specific calibration method is as follows: after setting the target, the camera is used to shoot the target image, the internal parameters of the camera are calibrated, the calibration image of the projected structured light is shot, the distortion correction of the calibration image is performed, the sensor calibration feature points are extracted, the local world coordinates of the sensor calibration feature points are calculated by using the principle of cross ratio invariance, the transformation matrix of the camera is calculated, the global world coordinates of the calibration feature points are calculated, and the structure parameters of the structured light vision system are calibrated by using the calculated image coordinates and corresponding world coordinates of the sensor calibration feature points.

[0053] Subsequently, the vision measurement module projects the laser light strip to the measured part of the rail, and collects the rail laser light strip image. The coordinates of the light strip center are extracted from the image, and the three-dimensional data of the profile curve of the measured part of the rail 2 is calculated as the standard three-dimensional data of the curve according to the calibration parameters.

[0054] Step two, the system is in normal operation, and whether a vehicle arrives is detected by using the wheel detection module. The wheel detection module includes at least one magnetic steel sensor arranged upstream of the detection position of the vision measurement module along the rail, which is used to sense the arrival of a vehicle. When at least two wheels are continuously sensed to arrive, it is judged that a train has arrived, and step five is turned to, otherwise step three is turned to.

[0055] Step three, whether the curve measurement of the measured part of the rail is performed is judged according to the set condition of whether the influence of the environment on imaging needs to be detected. When the environment needs to be detected, the above-mentioned vision measurement module projects the laser light strip to the measured part of the rail 2, and collects the rail laser light strip image. The coordinates of the light strip center are extracted from the image, and the three-dimensional data of the current profile curve of the measured part of the rail 2 is calculated according to the calibration parameters.

[0056] The condition of whether the influence of the environment on imaging needs to be detected can be set according to the seasonal weather conditions, for example, the snow season in winter is set as the condition of detecting the environment; or the detection can be performed according to the time interval all year round, for example, the detection is performed once every interval of not more than 3 hours during the train passing interval.

[0057] Step four, the deviation between the three-dimensional data of the current profile curve of the measured part of the rail 2 and the standard three-dimensional data of the profile curve of the measured part of the rail 2 in step one is compared, and the three-dimensional point cloud similarity measure method can be used to measure the deviation between the two, specifically, the root mean square error (RMSE), the largest common point set (LCP), the Hausdorff distance (HD), the chamfer distance (CD) and the like can be used for similarity calculation, or the three-dimensional data can be sampled according to the cross section of the rail to obtain a two-dimensional profile curve, and then the deviation between the two-dimensional curves is compared, and the working state of the fan is set according to the deviation, and after the setting is completed, it is turned to step two for cyclic work;

[0058] When the deviation is greater than the set threshold, it is considered that the rain, snow and sand in the current environment have affected the measurement result of the visual measurement module, and then the working state parameter of the fan of the air blowing module is set according to the deviation, and the air blowing module is controlled by the electrical control and data processing module to blow according to the set parameter; when the deviation is less than or equal to the set threshold, it is considered that the rain, snow and sand in the current environment have no effect on the measurement of the visual measurement module, and the fan is turned off.

[0059] In step four, the principle of how to set the working state of the fan by comparing the three-dimensional data of the current profile curve of the measured part of the rail 2 with the standard three-dimensional data of the profile curve of the measured part of the rail 2 in step one is:

[0060] The measurement target of the present application is the geometric size of the wheel set, and the key is to find a method to evaluate the influence of the current environment on the measurement of the wheel set size before the train arrives. In order to ensure the safety of the main line railway operation, standard workpieces cannot be placed on the main line for online or temporary measurement and evaluation. Therefore, the middle part of the rail 2 closest to the wheel set and relatively standard is used as the measurement and evaluation target, as shown in Fig. 2 The rail surface and the rail head will be gradually worn and are not suitable as standard parts, and the rail jaw to the rail waist part below is relatively fixed and suitable as a standard part to measure the effectiveness of the measurement. When it is raining heavily or snowing or blowing sand, rain, snow and sand will float in the imaging light path, which will affect the image quality. The same visual measurement module can be used to measure the measured part of the rail 2 in the same environment to measure the measurement effect of the wheel set; when a large amount of snow or sand accumulates and blocks the light path or the mask device, it can also be evaluated by measuring the measured part of the rail; when a small amount of snow or sand accumulates beside the rail, the high-speed train on the main line will be blown away by the airflow and will also be detected by measuring the measured part of the rail in advance, and the blowing module will blow away the accumulated snow or sand before the train arrives.

[0061] Step five, when the train passes, the geometric size parameters of each wheelset are measured. Specifically, when the wheel detection module detects the arrival of the train, the structured light laser module of the vision measurement module projects a line light strip, the wheel detection module (preferably a magnetic steel sensor) at a position close to the vision measurement module detects the arrival of each wheel, the laser light strip projected by the vision measurement module reaches the measured part of the wheel, and the wheel laser light strip image is collected and uploaded to the electrical control and data processing module for analysis and processing. The coordinates of the light strip center are extracted from the image, and the cross-sectional profile data of the wheel are calculated from the light strip center combined with the calibration parameters. According to the profile data, the geometric size parameters are calculated. The calculation method is known and will not be described in detail. After the train passes and the size data measurement of each wheelset is completed, step two is turned to for the wheelset size detection of the next train.

[0062] The parts or structures not specifically described in the present application can use existing technologies or existing products, which will not be described here.

[0063] The above is only an embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation using the content of the present application specification, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, is also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the dimensions of wheelsets on mainline snow and sand-proof trains, characterized in that, The wheelset dimensions of the mainline snow and sand protection train are inspected using a wheelset dimension inspection device, which includes: A visual measurement module, wherein the measurement field of view of the visual measurement module includes the part of the train wheel to be measured and the part of the rail from the rail jaw to the rail web, and is used to acquire images of the wheel and / or the part of the rail to be measured; The wheel detection module is used to detect whether a train wheel is approaching. The blower module is used to disperse debris within the measurement field of view; An electrical control and data processing module is connected to a vision measurement module, a wheel detection module, and a blower module. The electrical control and data processing module is used to determine whether a train has arrived and to control the working status of the vision measurement module and the blower module. The electrical control and data processing module receives and processes image data collected by the vision measurement module to obtain wheelset geometric parameters and / or rail dimension parameters. The method includes the following steps: Step 1: System calibration and acquisition of standard three-dimensional data of the measured section of the rail curve; Step 2: Detect the arrival of train wheels using the wheel detection module. If a train is detected, proceed to Step 5; otherwise, proceed to Step 3. Step 3: Determine whether to measure the curve of the track section to be measured based on whether it is necessary to detect the environmental impact on imaging. When it is necessary to detect the environmental impact on imaging, calculate the three-dimensional data of the current contour curve of the track section to be measured. Step 4: Compare the deviation between the standard 3D data of the measured section of the rail obtained in Step 1 and the 3D data of the current contour curve of the measured section of the rail obtained in Step 3. Control the working state of the blower module according to the magnitude of the deviation, and then proceed to Step 2 to perform the cycle. Step 5: When the train passes, the visual measurement module collects wheel image data and transmits it to the electrical control and data processing module for processing to obtain the wheelset geometric dimension parameters. After completing the geometric dimension parameters of each pair of wheelsets of the train, proceed to Step 2 to perform wheelset dimension detection on the next train. In step three, when it is necessary to detect the environmental conditions affecting the imaging, the calculation of the current three-dimensional data of the contour curve of the measured part of the rail includes the following steps: The structured light laser module of the vision measurement module projects light stripes onto the section of the rail being measured. The camera module acquires images of the light stripes and uploads them to the electrical control and data processing module for analysis and processing. The three-dimensional data of the current contour curve of the section of the rail being measured is then calculated. In step four, the deviation between the standard three-dimensional data of the measured section of the rail obtained in step one and the three-dimensional data of the current contour curve of the measured section of the rail obtained in step three is compared. The working state of the blower module is controlled according to the magnitude of the deviation, including the following steps: When the deviation is greater than the set threshold, it is considered that the rain, snow and sand in the current environment have affected the measurement results of the visual measurement module. Then, the working status parameters of the blower module are set according to the deviation. The blower module is controlled by the electrical control and data processing module to blow according to the set parameters. When the deviation is less than or equal to the set threshold, it is considered that the rain, snow and sand in the current environment have no effect on the measurement of the visual measurement module, and the blower module is not turned on. In step five, as the train passes, the visual measurement module collects wheel image data and transmits it to the electrical control and data processing module for processing to obtain the wheelset geometric parameters, including the following steps: When a train passes, the structured light laser module of the vision measurement module projects light stripes onto the measured part of the train wheel. The camera module collects wheel image data and uploads it to the electrical control and data processing module for analysis and processing. The coordinates of the center of the light stripe are extracted from the wheel image data. Then, the wheel cross-sectional profile data is calculated by combining the center of the light stripe with the calibration parameters of the vision measurement module. The wheel's geometric dimensions are calculated based on the cross-sectional profile data.

2. The method for detecting the dimensions of wheelsets on a mainline snow and sand protection train according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vision measurement module is provided with at least one, and each vision measurement module includes a structured light vision sensor. The structured light vision sensor includes a camera module and a structured light laser module. The camera module and the structured light laser module are respectively connected to the electrical control and data processing module. The measurement field of view of the camera module includes the measured part of the train wheel and the part of the rail from the rail jaw to the rail web. The projection mode of the structured light laser module is a multi-line projection mode with at least two lines.

3. The method for detecting the dimensions of wheelsets on a mainline snow and sand protection train according to claim 2, characterized in that, The camera module employs a high-resolution camera, the measurement field of view of which includes the measured portion of the train wheel and the portion of the rail from the rail jaw to the rail web. Alternatively, the camera module employs two cameras, the measurement field of view of which are respectively the measured portion of the train wheel and the portion of the rail from the rail jaw to the rail web.

4. The method for detecting the wheel set dimensions of a mainline snow and sand protection train according to claim 2, characterized in that, The structured light laser module uses one laser to project multiple light stripes or multiple lasers to project multiple light stripes respectively. When the train wheelset passes, the structured light laser module projects at least one light strip onto the train wheel and forms a characteristic light strip on its outer surface. The structured light laser module also projects at least one light strip onto the measured part of the rail and forms a characteristic light strip on the rail surface.

5. The method for detecting the dimensions of wheelsets on a mainline snow and sand protection train according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step one, the calibration of the system and the acquisition of standard three-dimensional data of the measured section of the rail curve, includes the following steps: First, the installation of the wheel set size detection device for the mainline snow and sand prevention train was completed. Then, when no trains were passing and there was no rain, snow or sand, the calibration of the visual measurement module was completed. The structured light laser module of the vision measurement module projects light stripes onto the section of the rail being measured. The camera module acquires images of the light stripes and uploads them to the electrical control and data processing module for analysis and processing. The three-dimensional data of the contour curve of the section of the rail being measured is then calculated and used as the standard three-dimensional data of the curve.

6. The method for detecting the dimensions of wheelsets on a mainline snow and sand protection train according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the wheel detection module includes at least one magnetic sensor. When the magnetic sensor detects at least two train wheels approaching, it is determined that a train is approaching.

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