Friction and wear testing apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses a friction and wear test device, which comprises oppositely arranged driving support seats and fixed support seats; the fixed support seat comprises a vertical bearing surface for mounting a vertical friction-reducing plate or a vertical friction pair thereon and a horizontal bearing surface for mounting a horizontal friction-reducing plate or a horizontal friction pair thereon; the driving support seat comprises a horizontal mounting surface and a vertical mounting surface; the horizontal mounting surface is arranged in parallel to the horizontal bearing surface, and the vertical mounting surface is arranged in parallel to the vertical bearing surface. Under the driving of the driving support seat, the horizontal friction-reducing plate and the horizontal friction pair are oppositely pressed or oppositely separated in the vertical direction, oppositely pressed or oppositely separated in the first horizontal direction and slid in parallel to each other in the second horizontal direction. The driving support seat has at least three different direction reciprocating motion degrees of freedom, and the relative friction mechanism and the friction and wear characteristics between the friction-reducing plate and the friction pair under the coupling action of the horizontal and vertical bidirectional loads can be studied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to testing apparatus, and more particularly to a friction and wear testing apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] In the operation of specific engineering machinery or equipment, friction and wear between contacting parts are inevitable. Using special friction plates (such as anti-friction plates) to reduce friction and wear between friction pairs in a mechanism is a common technical approach. With the rapid development of science and technology, the working environment of equipment in some special fields is complex and harsh, and the requirements for the tribological properties of materials are becoming increasingly stringent. General-purpose friction and wear testing machines often have limited testing performance and cannot simulate the operating conditions under real-world conditions, such as the friction and wear characteristics of high-reliability materials under local high temperature and heavy load conditions over an extended lifespan.

[0003] For critical reactor equipment in nuclear power plants and other nuclear energy facilities, the support systems need to consider complex temperature fields and multi-directional force load coupling effects, and are not replaceable throughout their entire life cycle (greater than 40 years). Friction pairs within the support systems often require the use of friction and wear testing machines to study their friction mechanisms and test their friction and wear characteristics.

[0004] Currently, domestic friction and wear testing equipment cannot meet the testing requirements of complex friction pair structures (such as friction pair structures with both horizontal and vertical contact surfaces), nor can it accurately reflect the performance of friction-reducing plates under high temperature and high load conditions. The equipment also suffers from problems such as high energy consumption and system redundancy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an improved friction and wear testing device.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: to provide a friction and wear testing device, which includes an active support seat and a fixed support seat arranged opposite to each other;

[0007] The fixed support includes a vertical bearing surface for mounting a vertical friction-reducing plate or a vertical friction-countering component, and a horizontal bearing surface for mounting a horizontal friction-reducing plate or a horizontal friction-countering component.

[0008] The active support seat includes a vertical mounting surface for mounting a vertical friction-reducing plate or a vertical friction-countering component, and a horizontal mounting surface for mounting a horizontal friction-reducing plate or a horizontal friction-countering component; the horizontal mounting surface is arranged parallel to the horizontal bearing surface, and the vertical mounting surface is arranged parallel to the vertical bearing surface.

[0009] The active support seat can reciprocate relative to the fixed support seat in the vertical direction, the first horizontal direction, and the second horizontal direction, respectively.

[0010] In the vertical direction, the horizontal mounting surface of the active support seat reciprocates relative to the horizontal bearing surface of the fixed support seat, driving the horizontal friction reducing plate and the horizontal friction component to press against each other or separate in opposite directions in the vertical direction.

[0011] In the first horizontal direction, the vertical mounting surface of the active support seat reciprocates relative to the vertical bearing surface of the fixed support seat, driving the vertical friction reducing plate and the vertical friction component to press against each other or separate in opposite directions in the first horizontal direction.

[0012] In the second horizontal direction, the active support seat reciprocates parallel to the fixed support seat, driving the horizontal friction reducing plate and the horizontal friction counteractor to slide parallel to each other in the second horizontal direction, and driving the vertical friction reducing plate and the vertical friction counteractor to slide parallel to each other in the second horizontal direction.

[0013] Preferably, the friction and wear testing device further includes a vertical drive mechanism, a first horizontal drive mechanism, and a second horizontal drive mechanism, which are respectively driven and connected to the active support seat;

[0014] The vertical drive mechanism is located above the active support seat and drives the active support seat to reciprocate relative to the fixed support seat in the vertical direction.

[0015] The first horizontal drive mechanism is disposed on one side of the active support seat, and drives the active support seat to reciprocate relative to the fixed support seat in the first horizontal direction;

[0016] The second horizontal drive mechanism is located on the other side of the active support seat, driving the active support seat to reciprocate relative to the fixed support seat in the second horizontal direction.

[0017] Preferably, the vertical drive mechanism includes a vertical hydraulic cylinder body, a first tension / compression sensor, and a vertical hydraulic cylinder lug connected in sequence, wherein the vertical hydraulic cylinder lug is connected to the active support seat.

[0018] Preferably, the vertical hydraulic cylinder lug is connected to the active support seat via a spherical bearing.

[0019] Preferably, a support frame is erected around the vertical drive mechanism, and the end of the vertical hydraulic cylinder away from the first tension / compression sensor is fixed to the top of the support frame by a mounting seat.

[0020] Preferably, the support frame is provided with at least one mounting hole for the vertical drive mechanism to enter and exit, and a manual winch for lifting the vertical drive mechanism; the vertical hydraulic cylinder lug is provided with a lifting ring for cooperating with the manual winch.

[0021] Preferably, the first horizontal drive mechanism includes a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder body, a second tension / compression sensor, and a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug connected in sequence, wherein the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug is connected to the active support seat.

[0022] Preferably, the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug is connected to the active support seat via a spherical bearing;

[0023] And / or the friction and wear testing apparatus further includes a first leveling seat, on which the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder is mounted.

[0024] Preferably, the second horizontal drive mechanism includes a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder body, a displacement sensor, a third tension / compression sensor, and a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug connected in sequence, wherein the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug is connected to the active support seat.

[0025] Preferably, the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug is connected to the active support seat via a spherical bearing;

[0026] And / or the friction and wear testing apparatus further includes a second leveling seat, on which the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder is mounted.

[0027] Preferably, the vertical drive mechanism, the first horizontal drive mechanism, and the second horizontal drive mechanism are hydraulically driven and are respectively connected to the active support seat by the piston rod end of their hydraulic cylinders. The friction and wear testing device also includes a hydraulic assembly, which includes an oil tank, a hydraulic pump, and an oil supply circuit.

[0028] The oil tank is connected to the hydraulic cylinders of the vertical drive mechanism, the first horizontal drive mechanism, and the second horizontal drive mechanism via oil supply circuits. The hydraulic pump is connected to the oil supply circuits to provide hydraulic energy to the oil supply circuits.

[0029] Preferably, the hydraulic assembly further includes a solenoid directional valve connected to the oil supply circuit.

[0030] Preferably, an auxiliary pressure-holding circuit is further provided between the oil tank and the hydraulic cylinder of the first horizontal drive mechanism, and between the oil tank and the hydraulic cylinder of the vertical drive mechanism;

[0031] The auxiliary pressure holding circuit includes a hydraulic cylinder connecting the oil tank and the first horizontal drive mechanism, a pipeline connecting the oil tank and the hydraulic cylinder of the vertical drive mechanism, and an accumulator disposed on the pipeline and connected to the pipeline.

[0032] Preferably, the surface of the active support seat is provided with at least one heating hole and / or at least one temperature sensing hole.

[0033] The friction and wear testing device of the present invention has an active support seat with at least three reciprocating motion degrees of freedom in different directions, which can realize the study of the relative friction mechanism and friction and wear characteristics between the friction reducing plate and the frictional component under the bidirectional load coupling action of horizontal and vertical. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a friction and wear testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention from one perspective;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the friction and wear testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention from another perspective;

[0037] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram of the active support base from a visual perspective;

[0038] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Partial top view from a specific perspective;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first leveling seat of a friction and wear testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention from a certain perspective;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic system of a friction and wear testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] A component is said to be "located on" another component, which may be directly or indirectly located on that other component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it may be directly or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0043] The terms “first”, “second”, etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features.

[0044] The terms used above are for ease of description only and should not be construed as limitations on this technical solution.

[0045] Figure 1-6 A friction and wear testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, which includes an active support 1 and a fixed support 2. The active support 1 is disposed above the fixed support 2.

[0046] The friction pair to be tested (friction-reducing plate 31 and friction-countering component 32) are arranged opposite to each other. The friction-reducing plate 31 may include a horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and a vertical friction-reducing plate 311 that are vertically connected. The friction-countering component 32 includes a horizontal friction-countering component 320 and a vertical friction-countering component 321 that are vertically connected.

[0047] The horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 can be integrally formed, or as shown in this embodiment (see details). Figure 3 The two parts are spliced ​​together. Similarly, the horizontal friction part 320 and the vertical friction part 321 can also be integrally formed, or as shown in this embodiment (see details). Figure 3 ) are spliced ​​together.

[0048] The fixed support 2 can be generally L-shaped, including a vertical bearing surface for mounting the vertical friction damping plate 311 or the vertical friction counter 321, and a horizontal bearing surface for mounting the horizontal friction damping plate 310 or the horizontal friction counter 320; the active support 1 can be generally square, including a horizontal mounting surface and a vertical mounting surface; the horizontal mounting surface is parallel to the horizontal bearing surface, and the vertical mounting surface is parallel to the vertical bearing surface.

[0049] That is to say, in Figure 3 The diagram shows that the bottom surface of the active support 1 faces the upper surface of the fixed support 2, and the side surface of the active support 1 faces the side surface of the fixed support 2.

[0050] The active support 1 can reciprocate relative to the fixed support 2 in the vertical direction D1, the first horizontal direction D2, and the second horizontal direction D3, respectively.

[0051] Among them, the vertical direction D1, the first horizontal direction D2, and the second horizontal direction D3 are mutually perpendicular.

[0052] The horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 are detachably connected to the horizontal mounting surface and the vertical mounting surface, respectively, and the horizontal friction-countering component 320 and the vertical friction-countering component 321 are detachably connected to the horizontal bearing surface and the vertical bearing surface, respectively; or, the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 are detachably connected to the horizontal bearing surface and the vertical bearing surface, respectively, and the horizontal friction-countering component 320 and the vertical friction-countering component 321 are detachably connected to the horizontal mounting surface and the vertical mounting surface, respectively.

[0053] Under the action of the active support seat 1, the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and the horizontal friction-countering component 320 can be pressed against each other or separated in opposite directions in the vertical direction D1. Similarly, the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 and the vertical friction-countering component 321 can also be pressed against each other or separated in opposite directions in the first horizontal direction D2. The mutual contact surface shapes of the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and the horizontal friction-countering component 320, and the mutual contact surface shapes of the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 and the vertical friction-countering component 321 should be approximately the same so that the mutual contact surfaces of the friction-reducing plate 31 and the corresponding friction-countering component 32 can fit tightly together.

[0054] By having the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and the horizontal friction-adhesive component 320 press against each other in the vertical direction D1 to generate a vertical load, and the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 and the vertical friction-adhesive component 321 press against each other in the first horizontal direction D2 to generate a horizontal load, and then driving the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and the horizontal friction-adhesive component 320 to slide parallel to each other in the second horizontal direction D3, and driving the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 and the vertical friction-adhesive component 321 to slide parallel to each other in the second horizontal direction D3, the relative friction mechanism and friction and wear characteristics between the friction-reducing plate 31 and the friction-adhesive component 321 under the bidirectional load coupling action of horizontal and vertical directions can be studied. Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment: the friction-reducing plate 31 is mounted on the active support seat 1, and the friction-counteracting component 32 is mounted on the fixed support seat 2 facing the friction-reducing plate 31.

[0055] The active support 1 reciprocates relative to the fixed support 2 in the vertical direction D1, causing the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 on it to move vertically towards the horizontal friction-countering component 320 on the fixed support 2. This causes the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and the opposing horizontal friction-countering component 320 to come into vertical contact and generate a mutual pressing force, which applies a vertical load to the horizontal friction-countering component 320. After the test, the active support 1 can move the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 away from the horizontal friction-countering component 320 on the fixed support 2 in the vertical direction D1.

[0056] The active support 1 reciprocates relative to the fixed support 2 in the first horizontal direction D2, causing the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 on it to approach the vertical friction-countering component 321 along the first horizontal direction D2. This causes the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 and the opposing vertical friction-countering component 321 to abut against each other in the first horizontal direction D2, generating a mutual squeezing force, which applies a horizontal load to the vertical friction-countering component 321. After the test, the active support 1 can move the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 on it away from the vertical friction-countering component 321 on the fixed support 2 in the vertical direction D1.

[0057] The active support 1 moves parallel to the fixed support 2 in the second horizontal direction D3, causing the friction-reducing plate 31 on it and the friction-countering component 32 on the fixed support 2 to undergo parallel relative frictional sliding. This allows us to study the relative friction mechanism between the friction-reducing plate 31 and the friction-countering component 32 under bidirectional load coupling, as well as the friction and wear characteristics between them.

[0058] In some other embodiments of the present invention (not shown), the difference from the above embodiments is that the friction element 32 is mounted on the active support seat 1, and the friction reducing plate 31 is mounted on the fixed support seat 2 facing the friction element 32.

[0059] The active support 1 reciprocates relative to the fixed support 2 in the vertical direction D1, causing the horizontal friction-countering component 320 on it to approach the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 on the fixed support 2 in the vertical direction D1. This causes the horizontal friction-countering component 320 and the opposing horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 to come into vertical contact and generate a mutual pressing force, which applies a vertical load to the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310. After the test, the active support 1 can move the horizontal friction-countering component 320 away from the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 on the fixed support 2 in the vertical direction D1.

[0060] The active support 1 reciprocates relative to the fixed support 2 in the first horizontal direction D2, causing the vertical friction-adjusting component 321 on it to approach the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 along the first horizontal direction D2. This causes the vertical friction-adjusting component 321 and the opposing vertical friction-reducing plate 311 to abut against each other in the first horizontal direction D2, generating a mutual pressing force, which applies a horizontal load to the vertical friction-reducing plate 311. After the test, the active support 1 can drive the vertical friction-adjusting component 321 on it away from the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 on the fixed support 2 in the vertical direction D1.

[0061] The active support 1 moves parallel to the fixed support 2 in the second horizontal direction D3, causing the friction component 32 on it to slide parallel to the friction plate 31 on the fixed support 2. This allows for the study of the relative friction mechanism between the friction component 32 and the friction plate 31 under bidirectional load coupling, as well as the friction and wear characteristics between them.

[0062] Alternatively, the active support seat 1 can be controlled to reciprocate only in the vertical direction D1 and the second horizontal direction D3, that is, to apply a vertical load only to the friction-reducing plate 31 or the friction-adjusting component 32, and to study the relative friction mechanism of the friction-reducing plate 31 or the friction-adjusting component 32 under the action of only vertical load, as well as the friction and wear characteristics between the two.

[0063] Alternatively, the active support seat 1 can be controlled to reciprocate only in the first horizontal direction D2 and the second horizontal direction D3, that is, to apply a horizontal load only to the friction-reducing plate 31 or the friction-adjusting component 32, and to study the relative friction mechanism of the friction-reducing plate 31 or the friction-adjusting component 32 under only horizontal load, as well as the friction and wear characteristics between the two.

[0064] If only the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and the horizontal friction-countering component 320 are installed, the relative friction mechanism of the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and the horizontal friction-countering component 320 under vertical load and the friction and wear characteristics between them can be studied separately.

[0065] If only the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 and the vertical friction-countering component 321 are installed, the relative friction mechanism of the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 and the vertical friction-countering component 321 under horizontal load and the friction and wear characteristics between the two can be studied separately.

[0066] When horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and horizontal friction-countering component 320, and vertical friction-reducing plate 311 and vertical friction-countering component 321 are installed simultaneously, the joints of horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and vertical friction-reducing plate 311 can be fastened in different ways (e.g., external fasteners, tight fit, etc.). This allows for the study of the relative friction mechanism and friction and wear characteristics between friction-reducing plate 31 and friction-countering component 321 under different joint fastening methods, as well as between the vertically connected horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 and vertical friction-reducing plate 311, and the vertically connected horizontal friction-countering component 320 and vertical friction-countering component 321.

[0067] Specifically, taking the example of the friction-reducing plate 31 being installed on the active support seat 1 and the friction-counteracting component 32 being installed on the fixed support seat 2:

[0068] A dovetail groove 10 can be opened on the vertical mounting surface of the active support seat 1. The surface of the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 facing the vertical mounting surface protrudes outward corresponding to the shape of the dovetail groove 10, and the protruding part is fitted into the dovetail groove 10 to fix the vertical friction-reducing plate 311 on the vertical mounting surface.

[0069] One side of the vertical friction component 321 is in contact with the vertical bearing surface, and the vertical friction component 321 can be clamped and fixed on the vertical bearing surface by the side blocks 20 on opposite sides that are detachably connected to the fixed support 2. The side blocks 20 can be fixed to the fixed support 2 by screws.

[0070] The horizontal friction-absorbing component 320 and the horizontal bearing surface can be limited by two locating pins. One side of the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 can be fixed to the horizontal mounting surface by screws. The horizontal mounting surface of the active support 1 can be provided with screw holes for installing the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310. The screw hole array arrangement can accommodate the installation of horizontal friction-reducing plates 310 of different specifications and sizes. By locking the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 to the horizontal mounting surface with screws, the horizontal clamping of the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 can be achieved.

[0071] Understandably, the same applies when the friction reducing plate 31 is installed on the fixed support 2 and the friction counter 32 is installed on the active support 1.

[0072] In this embodiment, the friction and wear testing device may further include a first horizontal drive mechanism 5, a second horizontal drive mechanism 6, and a vertical drive mechanism 4, which are respectively driven and connected to the active support seat 1.

[0073] The first horizontal drive mechanism 5 is located on one side of the active support seat 1, driving the active support seat 1 to reciprocate relative to the fixed support seat 2 in the first horizontal direction D2; the second horizontal drive mechanism 6 is located on the other side of the active support seat 1, driving the active support seat 1 to reciprocate relative to the fixed support seat 2 in the second horizontal direction D3; the vertical drive mechanism 4 is located above the active support seat 1, driving the active support seat 1 to reciprocate relative to the fixed support seat 2 in the vertical direction D1.

[0074] Since the first horizontal direction D2, the second horizontal direction D3, and the vertical direction D1 are all mutually perpendicular, the first horizontal drive mechanism 5, the second horizontal drive mechanism 6, and the vertical drive mechanism 4 can also be mutually perpendicular. Therefore, the active support 1 can have three reciprocating motion degrees of freedom in different directions. As described above, two of these reciprocating motion degrees of freedom are used to apply bidirectional loads, and the other reciprocating motion degree of freedom is used to realize the parallel relative frictional motion between the friction-reducing plate 31 and the friction-counterpart 32.

[0075] By controlling the opening and closing of the first horizontal drive mechanism 5, the second horizontal drive mechanism 6, and the vertical drive mechanism 4, it is possible to study the relative friction mechanism and friction and wear characteristics between the friction plate 31 or the friction component 32 under at least three conditions (only vertical load, only horizontal load, and bidirectional load coupling of horizontal and vertical loads).

[0076] Considering applications such as support systems for critical reactor equipment in nuclear power plants, when studying the relative friction mechanism and wear characteristics between the friction-reducing plate 31 and the friction-adhesive component 32, the required thrust load is sometimes heavy and sometimes low. Under heavy load conditions, compared to pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive provides better stability, safety, and a larger thrust to the active support 1 when providing reciprocating motion power. Therefore, some embodiments of hydraulic drive are provided below for further explanation. Understandably, when the application scenario is low-load, i.e., when the thrust required for the active support 1 is small, the technical solutions disclosed in the following embodiments can also be referred to, replacing the medium in the hydraulic cylinder and using pneumatic drive to drive the active support 1.

[0077] In this embodiment, the vertical drive mechanism 4 may include a vertical hydraulic cylinder body 40, a first tension / compression sensor 41, and a vertical hydraulic cylinder lug 42 connected in sequence, with the vertical hydraulic cylinder lug 42 connected to the active support seat 1.

[0078] Specifically, refer to together Figure 6 The vertical hydraulic cylinder body 40, in conjunction with the vertical hydraulic cylinder lug 42, is equivalent to the vertical hydraulic cylinder 402 (i.e., the hydraulic cylinder of the vertical drive mechanism 4). The vertical hydraulic cylinder lug 42 is equivalent to the extendable piston rod end of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 402. By controlling the flow of fluid into and out of the vertical hydraulic cylinder body 40, the vertical hydraulic cylinder lug 42 is provided with extension and retraction power, driving the active support seat 1 to reciprocate in the vertical direction D1. The first tension / compression sensor 41 is used to monitor and provide feedback on the thrust output by the vertical hydraulic cylinder body 40.

[0079] Furthermore, the vertical hydraulic cylinder lug 42 and the active support seat 1 can be connected by a spherical bearing, which can enable adaptive relative deflection of the two within a small angle, avoiding uneven wear during the sliding process of the friction plate 31 or the friction component 32.

[0080] Furthermore, a support frame 70 is erected around the vertical drive mechanism 4. The support frame 70 may be a steel structure and may include a doorway through which the first horizontal drive mechanism 5 passes. The end of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 40 away from the tension / compression sensor is fixed to the top of the support frame 70 by a mounting base 74.

[0081] Specifically, the mounting base 74 may include parallel and opposite connecting parts 740 spaced at a certain distance. The connecting parts 740 are provided with pin holes. The end of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 40 away from the first tension and pressure sensor 41 is engaged at the gap between the two connecting parts 740, and the vertical hydraulic cylinder 40 is fixed between the two connecting parts 740 by the pin shaft cooperating with the pin hole.

[0082] Furthermore, to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the vertical drive mechanism 4, at least one mounting hole 71 for the vertical drive mechanism 4 to enter and exit, and a manual winch 72 for lifting the vertical drive mechanism 4 can be provided on the support frame 70.

[0083] Specifically, the mounting holes 71 can be arch-shaped, with one mounting hole 71 on each of the opposite sides of the support frame 70. A lifting ring 73 can be installed on the vertical drive mechanism 4, and the wire of the manual winch 72 is connected to the lifting ring 73. After the vertical drive mechanism 4 is inserted into the mounting holes 71, one side of the vertical drive mechanism 4 can be lifted using the manual winch 72 to tilt it slightly to one side, facilitating the insertion of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 40 from the mounting base 74 along the length of the connecting portion 740 into the gap between the two connecting portions 740, and then the vertical hydraulic cylinder 40 is fixed. The same procedure applies when disassembling the vertical hydraulic cylinder 40.

[0084] For example, it can be like Figure 1 As shown in the center position, a lifting ring 73 is set on the right side of the vertical hydraulic cylinder lug 42. When the hand winch is rotated, the vertical hydraulic cylinder lug 42 is lifted along one side, causing the vertical drive mechanism 4 to deflect counterclockwise by a certain angle for subsequent disassembly and assembly.

[0085] In this embodiment, similar to the structure of the vertical drive mechanism 4, the first horizontal drive mechanism 5 may include a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder body 50, a second tension / compression sensor 51, and a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 52 connected in sequence. The first horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 52 is connected to the active support seat 1.

[0086] Specifically, refer to together Figure 6 The first horizontal hydraulic cylinder body 50, in conjunction with the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 52, can be equivalent to the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 502 (i.e., the hydraulic cylinder of the first horizontal drive mechanism 5). The first horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 52 can be equivalent to the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 502. The retractable piston rod end of the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 502 provides extension and retraction power to the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 52 by controlling the fluid entering and exiting the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder body 50, thereby driving the active support seat 1 to reciprocate in the first horizontal direction D2. The second tension / compression sensor 51 is used to monitor and provide feedback on the thrust output by the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder body 50.

[0087] The first horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 52 and the active support seat 1 can also be connected by a spherical bearing, which can enable the two to adaptively deflect relative to each other within a small angle, avoiding uneven wear during the sliding process of the friction plate 31 or the friction component 32.

[0088] Furthermore, the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 50 can be mounted on the first leveling seat 53, and the initial parameters such as the levelness of the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 50 can be adjusted by setting limit screws.

[0089] In this embodiment, similar to the structure of the first horizontal drive mechanism 5, the second horizontal drive mechanism 6 includes a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder body 60, a displacement sensor 61, a third tension / compression sensor 62, and a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 63 connected in sequence. The second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 63 is connected to the active support seat 1.

[0090] Specifically, refer to together Figure 6 The second horizontal hydraulic cylinder body 60, in conjunction with the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 63, can be equivalent to the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 603 (i.e., the hydraulic cylinder of the second horizontal drive mechanism 6). The second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 63 can be equivalent to the extendable piston rod end of the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 603. By controlling the fluid to enter and exit the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder body 60, the extension and retraction power of the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 63 is provided, which drives the active support seat 1 to reciprocate in the second horizontal direction D3.

[0091] The third tension / compression sensor 62 is used to monitor and provide feedback on the thrust output by the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 60. The displacement sensor 61 can be a magnetic displacement sensor. One end of the displacement sensor 61 is fixed to the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 60 via a sleeve, and the other end is connected to the third tension / compression sensor 62 via a telescopic rod. The telescopic rod and the third tension / compression sensor 62 can be connected via a flange. When the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 63 extends or retracts, it causes the third tension / compression sensor 62 to move. The magnetic displacement sensor 61 detects and records the displacement of the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 63.

[0092] Furthermore, the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 63 and the active support seat 1 can also be connected by a spherical bearing, which can enable the two to adaptively deflect relative to each other within a small angle, avoiding uneven wear during the sliding process of the friction plate 31 or the friction component 32.

[0093] Furthermore, the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 60 can be mounted on the second leveling seat 64, and the initial parameters such as the levelness of the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 60 can be adjusted by setting limit screws.

[0094] In this embodiment, the friction and wear testing device may also include a hydraulic component, which may include an oil tank 90, a hydraulic pump 91, an oil supply circuit c, and valves for controlling the flow of hydraulic medium in each hydraulic line.

[0095] The oil tank 90 is connected to the vertical hydraulic cylinder 402, the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 502, and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 603 via the oil supply circuit c. The hydraulic pump 91 is connected to the oil supply circuit c, providing hydraulic energy to the oil supply circuit c. By controlling the flow of hydraulic medium into the hydraulic cylinders of each drive mechanism, power is provided to each drive mechanism.

[0096] The first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 50, the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 60, and the vertical hydraulic cylinder 40 can be connected to the same return oil pipe, which is then connected to the oil tank 90.

[0097] Specifically, on the oil outlet line of the oil supply circuit c, after the oil tank 90, a filter 93, a hydraulic pump 91, a check valve 94, a pressure reducing valve 95, a solenoid directional valve 92, a throttle valve 97, and the hydraulic cylinders of each drive mechanism can be connected in sequence. The pressure reducing valve 95 controls the output force of the hydraulic cylinders of each drive mechanism, and the solenoid directional valve 92 controls the extension and retraction of the piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder of each drive mechanism.

[0098] On the return oil line of the oil supply circuit c, the hydraulic cylinders of each drive mechanism can be sequentially connected to the throttle valve 97, the solenoid directional valve 92, and the oil tank 90.

[0099] Furthermore, an auxiliary pressure-holding circuit f may be provided between the oil tank 90 and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 502, and between the oil tank 90 and the vertical hydraulic cylinder 402.

[0100] The auxiliary pressure-holding circuit f may include pipes connecting the oil tank 90 and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 502, and the oil tank 90 and the vertical hydraulic cylinder 402; an accumulator 901 installed on and connected to the pipes; and valves such as an overflow valve 96, a check valve 94, and a shut-off valve 99. The auxiliary pressure-holding circuit f may also connect the oil tank 90 and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 603. Figure 6 As shown, the auxiliary pressure holding circuit f can be connected to the oil supply circuit c.

[0101] Specifically, the accumulator 901 can work with the solenoid directional valve 92 and the relief valve 96 to achieve long-term pressure holding and loading. If the piston rod ends of the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 50 and the vertical hydraulic cylinder 40 extend and retract, causing pressure fluctuations and a decrease in hydraulic pressure, the accumulator 901 can be opened to replenish the fluid and increase the pressure. When the hydraulic pressure increases, the excess hydraulic medium flows back to the oil tank 90 through the relief valve 96.

[0102] Pressure indicators 98 can be installed on both the oil supply circuit c and the auxiliary pressure holding line f to monitor the pressure of each circuit.

[0103] Please see Figure 1-2 To facilitate the disassembly and assembly of each drive mechanism, the friction and wear testing device may also include a first base 81, a second base 82, and a third base 83.

[0104] The fixed support 2 can be fixed on the first base 81, and the support frame 70 can also be fixed on the first base 81. The vertical drive mechanism 4 and the active support 1 can be arranged inside the support frame 70 and located above the first base 81. The first horizontal drive mechanism 5 can be fixed on the second base 82, and the second horizontal drive mechanism 6 can be fixed on the third base 83.

[0105] Specifically, two rectangular grooves (not shown) intersecting at a certain angle can be provided on the first base 81, and the fixed support 2 is engaged with the rectangular grooves at its bottom to be stably positioned on the first base 81.

[0106] The first leveling seat 53 and the second leveling seat 64 can be fixed on the second base 82 and the third base 83 respectively. After the first leveling seat 53 and the second leveling seat 64 are installed, the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 50 and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 60 are installed on the first leveling seat 53 and the second leveling seat 64 respectively to adjust the initial parameters such as levelness.

[0107] The first base 81 and the second base 82 are connected by a first connecting component, and the second base 82 and the third base 83 are connected by a second connecting component.

[0108] Specifically, the first connecting assembly may include a first flange plate 810 disposed on the first base 81, a second flange plate 820 disposed on the second base 82, and bolts (not shown in the figure) connecting the first flange plate 810 and the second flange plate 820. The first flange plate 810 has a protruding boss, and the second flange plate 820 has a recessed groove corresponding to the boss. After the boss and the groove are engaged, the first flange plate 810 and the second flange plate 820 are then fastened together by bolts to securely connect the first base 81 and the second base 82.

[0109] Similarly, the second connecting assembly may include a third flange plate 830 disposed on the second base 82, a fourth flange plate 840 disposed on the third base 83, and bolts (not shown in the figure) connecting the third flange plate 830 and the fourth flange plate 840. The third flange plate 830 has a protruding boss, and the fourth flange plate 840 has a recessed groove corresponding to the boss. The boss and the groove are engaged and fitted together. The third flange plate 830 and the fourth flange plate 840 are then fastened together by bolts to securely connect the second base 82 and the third base 83.

[0110] The boss and the groove can be roughly U-shaped.

[0111] Alternatively, the third base 83 can also be connected to both the first base 81 and the second base 82. The detachable connection between the first base 81, the second base 82, and the third base 83 enhances the overall rigidity of the friction and wear testing device, improves the accuracy and stability of the load output, and plays an important role in reducing equipment manufacturing costs, shortening the equipment manufacturing cycle, and facilitating rapid assembly and leveling.

[0112] To facilitate the lifting of each base, lifting lugs for cooperating with the lifting mechanism can be provided on the first base 81, the second base 82, and the third base 83 respectively. In some embodiments, there are four lifting lugs, which are symmetrically arranged in pairs on the bases (first base 81, second base 82, or third base 83).

[0113] In this embodiment, the maximum thrust of the first horizontal drive mechanism 5, the second horizontal drive mechanism 6, and the vertical drive mechanism 4 can reach 377 tons, and the maximum pulling force can reach 230 tons.

[0114] The hydraulic control components, including the first horizontal drive mechanism 5, the second horizontal drive mechanism 6, the vertical drive mechanism 4, the first tension / compression sensor 41, the second tension / compression sensor 51, the third tension / compression sensor 62, the displacement sensor 61, the accumulator 901, the hydraulic pump 91, the solenoid directional valve 92, the relief valve 96, the check valve 94, and the pressure indicator 98, can all be connected to a host computer (not shown). The host computer can be a computer, etc.

[0115] To study the relative friction mechanism and friction and wear characteristics between the friction-reducing plate 31 and the friction-countering component 32 under high-temperature loading, at least one heating hole 11 and at least one temperature sensing hole 12 are provided on the surface of the active support 1. A heating element can be inserted at the heating hole 11, and a temperature sensor can be inserted at the temperature sensing hole 12. By connecting the heating element and the temperature sensor to a host computer, the temperature of the active support 1 can be controlled to simulate the relative friction mechanism and friction and wear characteristics between the friction-reducing plate 31 and the friction-countering component 32 under different temperature conditions.

[0116] By opening heating holes 11 to control the temperature of the active support seat 1, the temperature change is more uniform, and the temperature transmitted to the friction reduction plate 31 or the friction counter 32 also changes more uniformly. It can also reduce the temperature difference between the contact surfaces of the friction reduction plate 31 and the friction counter 32.

[0117] Alternatively, heating holes 11 can be opened only on the surface of the active support 1, and the temperature of the active support 1 can be monitored and fed back by other technical means such as having the temperature sensor directly contact the outer surface of the active support 1 or infrared non-contact temperature measurement.

[0118] Alternatively, only temperature sensing holes 12 can be opened on the surface of the active support 1, and other technical means such as setting other heating elements in close contact with the outer surface of the active support 1 can be used to heat the active support 1.

[0119] In this embodiment, one electric heating rod and one thermocouple are integrated into one heating element group, with a total of 12 heating elements. These heating elements are installed in the heating holes 11 of the active support base 1 and connected to the electrical control cabinet via cables. Four temperature sensors are installed in the four temperature sensing holes 12 on the active support base 1 and connected to the electrical control cabinet via cables. The electrical control cabinet is connected to a host computer. Testing shows that the maximum test temperature of the active support base 1 and its friction-reducing plate 31 (or friction-counterpart 32) can reach 300℃.

[0120] Understandably, by increasing the number of heating holes 11 or by selecting appropriate heating elements, the maximum test temperature of the active support 1 and its friction-reducing plate 31 (or friction-countering component 32) can be further increased. The specific temperature can be adjusted according to the actual test requirements.

[0121] The specific implementation process of the friction and wear testing device of the present invention in this embodiment is as follows:

[0122] I. Start the test device

[0123] Turn on the host computer, electrical control cabinet and other control components.

[0124] II. Adjusting the initial position of the hydraulic cylinder

[0125] The vertical hydraulic cylinder 40 is installed on the mounting base 74 at the top of the support frame 70. The first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 50 is installed on the first leveling base 53 for leveling. The second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 60 is installed on the second leveling base 64 for leveling. The host computer sends an adjustment position signal and transmits it through the cable to the solenoid directional valve 92, check valve 94, shut-off valve 99, hydraulic pump 91 and other hydraulic components to control the extension and retraction of the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 52, the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug 63 and the vertical hydraulic cylinder lug 42 to complete the initial position adjustment.

[0126] III. Installation of horizontal friction-reducing plates 310

[0127] Select appropriate screw hole positions and fasten the horizontal friction-reducing plate 310 to the bottom surface of the active support seat 1 with screws.

[0128] IV. Installation of horizontal anti-friction components 320

[0129] The horizontal friction element 320 is fixed to the upper surface of the fixed support 2 by a locating pin.

[0130] After the horizontal friction plate 320 is installed, the vertical drive mechanism 4 is started by operating the host computer, which makes the horizontal friction plate 310 and the horizontal friction plate 320 come into contact.

[0131] V. Install vertical friction damping plate 311 (when the test requires both horizontal and vertical loads)

[0132] The vertical friction-reducing plate 311 is fixed in place with the dovetail groove 10 on the active support seat 1.

[0133] VI. Install vertical friction element 321 (when the test requires both horizontal and vertical loads)

[0134] The vertical friction component 321 is clamped tightly against the side surface of the fixed support 2. Side blocks 20 are installed on opposite sides of the fixed support 2 and fixed to the fixed support 2 with screws. The vertical friction component 321 is clamped and fixed to the fixed support 2.

[0135] After the vertical friction plate 321 is installed, the first horizontal drive mechanism 5 is started by operating the host computer, thereby making the vertical friction plate 311 and the vertical friction plate 321 come into contact.

[0136] VII. Setting Test Parameters

[0137] Test parameters such as pressure, temperature, frequency, displacement, and number of friction and wear cycles are set in the host computer.

[0138] VIII. Conducting Experiments

[0139] Start the test operation program on the host computer of the experimental device. During the test, the first tension and compression sensor 41, the second tension and compression sensor 51, and the third tension and compression sensor 62 will collect the real-time output load of the hydraulic cylinder of each drive mechanism, the displacement sensor 61 will collect the real-time displacement of the piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder of each drive mechanism, and the temperature sensor will collect the real-time temperature near the friction pair (friction reducing plate 31 and friction counterpart 32).

[0140] Real-time load, displacement, and temperature are input to the host computer in the form of electrical signals. After processing by the host computer, the signals are fed back to the solenoid directional valve 92, as well as hydraulic components and heating elements such as the overflow valve 96, check valve 94, and shut-off valve 99. This ensures that the test is stable under the set test parameters, and the parameters of each sensor are also recorded by the host computer.

[0141] Once the host computer has completed the preset number of tests, each system will automatically stop. The friction coefficient of the test sample can be automatically calculated by the pressure values ​​collected by the first tension / compression sensor 41, the second tension / compression sensor 51, and the third tension / compression sensor 62, and a friction coefficient curve can be automatically plotted.

[0142] The host computer automatically generates experimental displacement and temperature curves by acquiring signals from displacement sensor 61, temperature sensor, etc. During the experiment, the host computer automatically saves the experimental data in real time.

[0143] 9. Shut down the test apparatus

[0144] Shut down the host computer, electrical control cabinet and other control components.

[0145] The above descriptions are merely some specific embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A friction and wear testing device, characterized in that, Includes an active support seat (1) and a fixed support seat (2) arranged opposite to each other; The fixed support (2) includes a vertical bearing surface and a horizontal bearing surface; The active support seat (1) includes a vertical mounting surface and a horizontal mounting surface; the horizontal mounting surface is arranged parallel to the horizontal bearing surface, and the vertical mounting surface is arranged parallel to the vertical bearing surface; The horizontal friction-reducing plate (310) and the vertical friction-reducing plate (311) are detachably connected to the horizontal mounting surface and the vertical mounting surface, respectively; the horizontal friction-counterpart (320) and the vertical friction-counterpart (321) are detachably connected to the horizontal bearing surface and the vertical bearing surface, respectively; or, the horizontal friction-reducing plate (310) and the vertical friction-reducing plate (311) are detachably connected to the horizontal bearing surface and the vertical bearing surface, respectively; the horizontal friction-counterpart (320) and the vertical friction-counterpart (321) are detachably connected to the horizontal mounting surface and the vertical mounting surface, respectively. The active support (1) can reciprocate relative to the fixed support (2) in the vertical direction (D1), the first horizontal direction (D2), and the second horizontal direction (D3), respectively. In the vertical direction (D1), the horizontal mounting surface of the active support seat (1) reciprocates relative to the horizontal bearing surface of the fixed support seat (2), driving the horizontal friction reducing plate (310) and the horizontal friction counter (320) to press against each other or separate in opposite directions in the vertical direction; In the first horizontal direction (D2), the vertical mounting surface of the active support seat (1) reciprocates relative to the vertical bearing surface of the fixed support seat (2), driving the vertical friction reducing plate (311) and the vertical friction counter (321) to press against each other or separate away from each other in the first horizontal direction (D2). In the second horizontal direction (D3), the active support seat (1) reciprocates parallel to the fixed support seat (2), driving the horizontal friction reducing plate (310) and the horizontal friction counter (320) to slide parallel to each other in the second horizontal direction (D3), and driving the vertical friction reducing plate (311) and the vertical friction counter (321) to slide parallel to each other in the second horizontal direction (D3).

2. The friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The friction and wear testing device also includes a vertical drive mechanism (4), a first horizontal drive mechanism (5), and a second horizontal drive mechanism (6) that are respectively driven and connected to the active support seat (1). The vertical drive mechanism (4) is located above the active support seat (1) and drives the active support seat (1) to reciprocate relative to the fixed support seat (2) in the vertical direction (D1); The first horizontal drive mechanism (5) is disposed on one side of the active support seat (1) and drives the active support seat (1) to reciprocate relative to the fixed support seat (2) in the first horizontal direction (D2); The second horizontal drive mechanism (6) is located on the other side of the active support seat (1) and drives the active support seat (1) to reciprocate relative to the fixed support seat (2) in the second horizontal direction (D3).

3. The friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vertical drive mechanism (4) includes a vertical hydraulic cylinder body (40), a first tension and pressure sensor (41), and a vertical hydraulic cylinder lug (42) connected in sequence. The vertical hydraulic cylinder lug (42) is connected to the active support seat (1).

4. The friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vertical hydraulic cylinder lug (42) is connected to the active support seat (1) via a spherical bearing.

5. The friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, A support frame (70) is erected around the vertical drive mechanism (4), and the end of the vertical hydraulic cylinder (40) away from the first tension and pressure sensor (41) is fixed to the top of the support frame (70) by a mounting seat (74).

6. The friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The support frame (70) is provided with at least one mounting hole (71) for the vertical drive mechanism (4) to enter and exit, and a manual winch (72) for lifting the vertical drive mechanism (4); the vertical hydraulic cylinder lug (42) is provided with a lifting ring (73) for cooperating with the manual winch (72).

7. The friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first horizontal drive mechanism (5) includes a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder body (50), a second tension and pressure sensor (51), and a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug (52) connected in sequence. The first horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug (52) is connected to the active support seat (1).

8. The friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug (52) is connected to the active support seat (1) via a spherical bearing; And / or the friction and wear testing apparatus further includes a first leveling seat (53), on which the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder (50) is mounted.

9. The friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second horizontal drive mechanism (6) includes a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder body (60), a displacement sensor (61), a third tension and pressure sensor (62), and a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug (63) connected in sequence. The second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug (63) is connected to the active support seat (1).

10. The friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The second horizontal hydraulic cylinder lug (63) is connected to the active support seat (1) via a spherical bearing and / or the friction and wear test device also includes a second leveling seat (64), on which the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder body (60) is mounted.

11. The friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vertical drive mechanism (4), the first horizontal drive mechanism (5), and the second horizontal drive mechanism (6) are hydraulically driven and are connected to the active support seat (1) by the piston rod end of their hydraulic cylinders, respectively. The friction and wear test device also includes a hydraulic assembly, which includes an oil tank (90), a hydraulic pump (91), and an oil supply circuit (c). The oil tank (90) is connected to the hydraulic cylinders of the vertical drive mechanism (4), the first horizontal drive mechanism (5), and the second horizontal drive mechanism (6) through the oil supply circuit (c). The hydraulic pump (91) is connected to the oil supply circuit (c) to provide hydraulic energy to the oil supply circuit (c).

12. The friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that, The hydraulic assembly also includes a solenoid directional valve (92) connected to the oil supply circuit (c).

13. The friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that, An auxiliary pressure holding circuit (f) is also provided between the oil tank (90) and the hydraulic cylinder of the first horizontal drive mechanism (5), and between the oil tank (90) and the hydraulic cylinder of the vertical drive mechanism (4). The auxiliary pressure holding circuit (f) includes a hydraulic cylinder connecting the oil tank (90) and the first horizontal drive mechanism (5), a pipe connecting the oil tank (90) and the hydraulic cylinder connecting the vertical drive mechanism (4), and an accumulator (901) disposed on the pipe and connected to the pipe.

14. The friction and wear testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, The surface of the active support (1) is provided with at least one heating hole (11) and / or at least one temperature sensing hole (12).

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