A quality factor prediction method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides a quality factor prediction method, which comprises the following steps: obtaining well logging data and seismic data beside a well of a target well; selecting two attenuated seismic waves from the seismic data beside the well and determining the depth positions of peak sampling points of each of the two attenuated seismic waves; obtaining a velocity value and a density value of each of the two attenuated seismic waves from the well logging data; calculating spherical wave effects based on the velocity values, the density values and the depth positions of the two attenuated seismic waves; calculating attenuated wavelet amplitude spectra eliminating the spherical wave effects based on the spherical wave effects; and calculating the quality factor based on the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectra.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of seismic exploration technology, in particular to a quality factor prediction method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] Absorption attenuation refers to intrinsic attenuation caused by friction of particles or sections, or flow of fluid, which usually reduces the main frequency of seismic waves, resulting in frequency variation of seismic data. The absorption attenuation of medium is usually characterized by a quality factor. The quality factor is related to lithology information, porosity, permeability and saturation degree of rock, and can be used for reservoir characterization and fluid detection. In seismic exploration, the value of the quality factor can be used in inverse quality factor filtering or non-stationary deconvolution to improve the resolution of seismic data. In addition, the quality factor can also be widely used in the fields of seismic engineering, geotechnical engineering, groundwater research, environmental research, seismology, etc. It can be seen that the prediction of the quality factor is of great significance and wide application. The frequency variation caused by spherical wave reflection is an inherent physical property of seismic waves, which is essentially different from the frequency variation caused by absorption attenuation. At present, the research on seismic wave attenuation is mainly based on plane wave theory, such as the commonly used spectral ratio method, centroid frequency shift method, peak frequency method, etc. These common methods do not consider the influence of spherical wave reflection frequency variation effect, but regard the spherical wave reflection frequency variation effect as a part of absorption attenuation, which is not perfect in theory and will cause prediction error. SUMMARY

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is that the existing method has large error and low prediction accuracy in the case of near-surface and well seismic.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a quality factor prediction method, which comprises:

[0005] obtaining logging data and well seismic data of a target well;

[0006] selecting two attenuated seismic waves from the well seismic data, and determining the depth position of the peak sampling point of each attenuated seismic wave in the two attenuated seismic waves;

[0007] obtaining the velocity value and density value of each attenuated seismic wave from the logging data;

[0008] calculating the spherical wave effect based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the two attenuated seismic waves;

[0009] calculating the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum eliminating the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect;

[0010] calculating the quality factor based on the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum.

[0011] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0012] performing well-to-seismic calibration based on the logging data and the near-borehole seismic data to determine a time-depth relationship;

[0013] determining a depth position corresponding to each sampling point in the near-borehole seismic data based on the time-depth relationship.

[0014] In some embodiments, the two attenuated seismic waves include a first seismic wave and a second seismic wave;

[0015] The calculating spherical wave effect based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position corresponding to the two attenuated seismic waves comprises:

[0016] calculating a first spherical wave reflection coefficient of the first seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave;

[0017] calculating a second spherical wave reflection coefficient of the second seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave;

[0018] calculating spherical wave effect based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient.

[0019] In some embodiments, the calculating a first spherical wave reflection coefficient of the first seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave comprises:

[0020] calculating a first spherical wave reflection coefficient Ref1(f) of the first seismic wave according to a first calculation formula based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave;

[0021] The calculating a second spherical wave reflection coefficient of the second seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave comprises:

[0022] calculating a second spherical wave reflection coefficient Ref2(f) of the second seismic wave according to a first calculation formula based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave;

[0023] wherein the first calculation formula is:

[0024]

[0025] wherein, ρ1 and ρ2 are density values corresponding to the upper and lower layers of media, respectively, c1 and c2 are velocity values of the upper and lower layers of medium respectively, h is the distance between the source and the interface of the upper and lower layers of medium, Ref(f) is the spherical wave reflection coefficient, and f is the frequency.

[0026] In some embodiments, the calculating the spherical wave effect based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient comprises:

[0027] calculating the spherical wave effect R(f) according to a second calculation formula based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient:

[0028]

[0029] In some embodiments, the calculating the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum eliminating the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect comprises:

[0030] establishing a seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship according to a third calculation formula based on the spherical wave effect,

[0031] wherein the third calculation formula is:

[0032]

[0033] wherein A1(f) and A2(f) are the amplitude spectra of a reference wavelet and an attenuated wavelet respectively, C(y) is a frequency-independent attenuation, t is the travel time between the reference wavelet and the attenuated wavelet, and Q is the quality factor;

[0034] calculating the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum eliminating the spherical wave effect based on the seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship.

[0035] In some embodiments, the calculating the quality factor based on the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum comprises:

[0036] converting the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum into a logarithmic form according to a fourth calculation formula,

[0037] wherein the fourth calculation formula is:

[0038]

[0039] determining the quality factor according to the following expression:

[0040]

[0041] wherein k is a slope of linear fitting on f. and f.

[0042] The present application also provides a quality factor prediction device, which comprises:

[0043] The first obtaining module is configured to obtain well logging data and wellside seismic data of a target well;

[0044] The determining module is configured to select two attenuated seismic waves from the wellside seismic data and determine a depth position of a peak sampling point of each of the two attenuated seismic waves;

[0045] The second obtaining module is configured to obtain a velocity value and a density value of each of the two attenuated seismic waves from the well logging data;

[0046] The first calculating module is configured to calculate a spherical wave effect based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of each of the two attenuated seismic waves;

[0047] The second calculating module is configured to calculate an attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum eliminating the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect;

[0048] The third calculating module is configured to calculate a quality factor based on the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum.

[0049] The present application further provides an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to perform the quality factor prediction method.

[0050] The present application further provides a storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program can be executed by one or more processors and can be used to implement the quality factor prediction method.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments of the above scheme can have the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0052] The prediction method provided by the present application can realize the prediction of the quality factor and improve the prediction accuracy of the quality factor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0053] The scope of the present disclosure can be better understood by reading the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included as a part of this disclosure. The accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0054] Figure 1 An implementation flowchart of a quality factor prediction method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 2 A three-layer medium model provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 3 An attenuated seismic record provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 4 A comparison chart of the quality factor results of the prediction method provided by the embodiment of the present application and the prediction method using the spectral ratio method with the true value;

[0058] Figure 5 A structural schematic diagram of a quality factor prediction device provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 6 A component structural schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the following will combine the drawings and embodiments to describe the implementation method of the present application in detail, so that the realization process of how to apply technical means to solve the technical problem and achieve the technical effect can be fully understood and implemented.

[0061] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the following will combine the drawings and embodiments to describe the implementation method of the present application in detail, so that the realization process of how to apply technical means to solve the technical problem and achieve the technical effect can be fully understood and implemented.

[0062] In the following description, "some embodiments" are described, which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it can be understood that "some embodiments" can be the same subset or different subset of all possible embodiments, and can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0063] If the application file appears "first / second / third" similar description, the following description is added, in the following description, the term "first / second / third" only distinguishes similar objects, and does not represent the specific order of the objects. It can be understood that "first / second / third" can be interchanged with specific order or sequence as allowed, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0064] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs. The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0065] Example One

[0066] To solve the above technical problems in the prior art, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for predicting an attenuation quality factor considering spherical wave frequency variation effect, which is applied to an electronic device, such as a computer or a mobile terminal, and the function of the method for predicting the quality factor can be realized by calling program code by a processor of the electronic device, wherein the program code can be stored in a computer storage medium.

[0067] Figure 1 An implementation flowchart of the method for predicting the quality factor is shown in FIG. 1, which includes the following steps. Figure 1

[0068] Step S10: Obtain well logging data and well seismic data of a target well.

[0069] In the embodiment of the present application, the well logging data can include density information and velocity information, and the well seismic data can be data about an attenuated seismic wave.

[0070] Step S20: Select two attenuated seismic waves from the well seismic data, and determine the depth position of a peak sampling point of each of the two attenuated seismic waves.

[0071] In the embodiment of the present application, well-to-seismic calibration can be performed based on the well logging data and the well seismic data to obtain a time-depth relationship, and the depth position corresponding to each sampling point of the seismic data is determined according to the time-depth relationship, so that the depth position of the peak sampling point of each of the two attenuated seismic waves can be obtained based on the depth position corresponding to each sampling point.

[0072] Step S30: Obtain the velocity value and the density value of each of the two attenuated seismic waves from the well logging data.

[0073] Step S40: Calculate the spherical wave effect based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of each of the two attenuated seismic waves.

[0074] In some embodiments, the spherical wave reflection coefficient of each of the two attenuated seismic waves can be calculated according to a first calculation formula based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of each of the two attenuated seismic waves, and the spherical wave effect R(f) can be calculated according to a second calculation formula based on the two spherical wave reflection coefficients.

[0075] The first calculation formula is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] wherein, ρ1 and ρ2 are the density values of the upper and lower layers of medium, respectively,​ c1 and c2 are velocity values of the upper and lower layers respectively, h is the distance between the source and the interface of the upper and lower layers, Ref(f) is the spherical wave reflection coefficient, and f is the frequency;

[0078] The second calculation formula is:

[0079]

[0080] Step S50: calculating an attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum that eliminates the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect.

[0081] In some embodiments, a seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship can be established according to a third calculation formula based on the spherical wave effect.

[0082] The third calculation formula is:

[0083]

[0084] wherein A1(f) and A2(f) are the amplitude spectra of the reference wavelet and the attenuation wavelet respectively, C(t) is the frequency-independent attenuation, t is the travel time between the reference wavelet and the attenuation wavelet, and Q is the quality factor.

[0085] Step S60: calculating the quality factor based on the attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum.

[0086] In some embodiments, the quality factor Q can be calculated according to the slope of a fourth calculation formula obtained by taking the logarithm of the attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum.

[0087] The fourth calculation formula is:

[0088]

[0089] The quality factor is determined according to the following expression:

[0090]

[0091] wherein k is the slope of the linear fitting of and f.

[0092] It should be noted that if C(t) is a constant, then the logarithm of the spectral ratio on the left side of the above formula is a linear function of the frequency f, and the quality factor Q can be calculated by fitting the slope k.

[0093] The prediction method provided by the present application realizes the prediction of the quality factor and improves the prediction accuracy of the quality factor.

[0094] Example Two

[0095] To solve the above technical problems in the prior art, the embodiment two of the present application provides a quality factor prediction method, which comprises the following steps.

[0096] Step S201: Obtain well logging data and wellside seismic data of a target well.

[0097] Step S202: Perform well-seismic calibration based on the well logging data and the wellside seismic data to determine a time-depth relationship.

[0098] Step S203: Determine a depth position corresponding to each sampling point in the wellside seismic data based on the time-depth relationship.

[0099] Step S204: Select two attenuated seismic waves from the wellside seismic data, and determine a depth position of a peak sampling point of each of the two attenuated seismic waves.

[0100] Step S205: Obtain a velocity value and a density value of each of the two attenuated seismic waves from the well logging data.

[0101] Step S206: Calculate a spherical wave effect based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of each of the two attenuated seismic waves.

[0102] In some embodiments, the spherical wave reflection coefficient of each of the two attenuated seismic waves can be calculated according to a first calculation formula based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of each of the two attenuated seismic waves, and the spherical wave effect R(f) can be calculated according to a second calculation formula based on the spherical wave reflection coefficients of the two attenuated seismic waves.

[0103] wherein the first calculation formula is:

[0104]

[0105] wherein, ρ1 and ρ2 are density values of the upper and lower layers of medium respectively, c1 and c2 are velocity values of the upper and lower layers of medium respectively, h is a distance between a seismic source and an interface of the upper and lower layers of medium, Ref(f) is a spherical wave reflection coefficient, and f is a frequency;

[0106] wherein the second calculation formula is:

[0107]

[0108] Step S207: Calculate an attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum eliminating the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect.

[0109] In some embodiments, the seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship can be established according to a third calculation formula based on the spherical wave effect.

[0110] wherein the third calculation formula is:

[0111]

[0112] wherein A1(f) and A2(f) are the amplitude spectra of a reference wavelet and an attenuation wavelet respectively, C(t) is frequency-independent attenuation, t is the travel time between the reference wavelet and the attenuation wavelet, and Q is a quality factor.

[0113] Step S208: calculating a quality factor based on the amplitude spectrum of the attenuation wavelet.

[0114] In some embodiments, the quality factor Q can be calculated by first taking the logarithm on both sides of the amplitude spectrum of the attenuation wavelet to obtain a fourth calculation formula, and then calculating the quality factor Q according to the slope of the fourth calculation formula.

[0115] wherein the fourth calculation formula is:

[0116]

[0117] The quality factor is determined according to the following expression:

[0118]

[0119] wherein k is the slope of the linear fitting on f. and f.

[0120] It should be noted that, assuming C(t) is a constant, the logarithm of the spectrum ratio on the left side of the above formula is a linear function of the frequency f, and the quality factor Q can be calculated by fitting the slope k of the linear function.

[0121] Based on this, the prediction method provided by the present application realizes the prediction of the quality factor and improves the prediction accuracy of the quality factor.

[0122] Example Three

[0123] To solve the above technical problems in the prior art, an embodiment of the present application provides a quality factor prediction method, which comprises the following steps.

[0124] Step S301: obtaining logging data and well seismic data of a target well.

[0125] Step S302: selecting two attenuation seismic waves from the well seismic data and determining the depth position of the peak sampling point of each attenuation seismic wave.

[0126] In the embodiment of the present application, the two attenuated seismic waves include a first seismic wave and a second seismic wave.

[0127] Step S303: obtaining a velocity value and a density value of each of the attenuated seismic waves from the logging data.

[0128] Step S304: calculating a first spherical wave reflection coefficient of the first seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave.

[0129] In the embodiment of the present application, the first spherical wave reflection coefficient Ref1(f) of the first seismic wave is calculated according to a first calculation formula based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave.

[0130] Step S305: calculating a second spherical wave reflection coefficient of the second seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave.

[0131] In the embodiment of the present application, the second spherical wave reflection coefficient Ref2(f) of the second seismic wave is calculated according to the first calculation formula based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave.

[0132] Step S306: calculating a spherical wave effect based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient.

[0133] The first calculation formula is:

[0134]

[0135] wherein, ρ1 and ρ2 are density values of the upper and lower two layers of media respectively, c1 and c2 are velocity values of the upper and lower two layers of media respectively, h is a distance between a seismic source and an interface of the upper and lower two layers of media, Ref(f) is a spherical wave reflection coefficient, and f is a frequency.

[0136] Step S307: calculating a spherical wave effect based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient.

[0137] In the embodiment of the present application, the spherical wave effect R(f) is calculated according to a second calculation formula based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient.

[0138]

[0139] Step S308: calculating an attenuated wave amplitude spectrum eliminating the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect.

[0140] In some embodiments, the calculating the attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum that eliminates the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect comprises:

[0141] establishing a seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship according to a third calculation formula based on the spherical wave effect,

[0142] wherein the third calculation formula is:

[0143]

[0144] wherein A1(f) and A2(f) are the amplitude spectra of a reference wavelet and an attenuation wavelet respectively, C(t) is an attenuation independent of frequency, t is the travel time between the reference wavelet and the attenuation wavelet, and Q is the quality factor;

[0145] calculating the attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum that eliminates the spherical wave effect based on the seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship.

[0146] Step S309: calculating the quality factor based on the attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum.

[0147] In some embodiments, the calculating the quality factor based on the attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum comprises:

[0148] converting the attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum into a logarithmic form according to a fourth calculation formula,

[0149] wherein the fourth calculation formula is:

[0150]

[0151] determining the quality factor according to the following expression:

[0152]

[0153] wherein k is a slope of linear fitting on f. and f.

[0154] Therefore, by using the prediction method provided by the present application, the prediction of the quality factor is realized, and the prediction accuracy of the quality factor is improved.

[0155] Example Four

[0156] Embodiment four of the present application provides a specific example of applying the prediction method of the quality factor provided by the present application.

[0157] First, a three-layer medium model is established, as shown in Figure 2 The longitudinal wave velocities of the media 1, 2 and 3 are 2000 m / s, 2200 m / s and 2500 m / s respectively, and the densities are 2 g / cm3, 2.2 g / cm3 and 2.5 g / cm3 respectively.3 2.1g / cm 3 2.3g / cm 3 The propagation distances of the seismic waves in the first and second media layers are 100m and 100m, respectively.

[0158] Selecting the main frequency of the Rack wavelet as 40Hz, the synthesis and... Figure 2 The attenuated seismic record corresponding to the model shown. Figure 3 The image shows synthesized attenuated seismic records with quality factors of 20, 50, 80, and 120. The reflected wave at 150 ms corresponds to the interface between the first and second media layers, and the reflected wave at 241 ms corresponds to the interface between the second and third media layers. It can be seen that the smaller the quality factor, the weaker the seismic wave energy and the greater the seismic wave attenuation.

[0159] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the prediction results using the method provided in this invention and the prediction method using the spectral ratio method with the actual quality factors. It can be seen that when the actual quality factors are 20, 50, 80, and 120, the accuracy of the quality factors predicted by the method provided in this invention is higher than that of the spectral ratio method. This is because the method proposed in this invention eliminates the spherical wave effect when predicting the quality factors, while the spectral ratio method does not consider the spherical wave effect.

[0160] Based on this, the prediction method provided by this invention enables the prediction of quality factors and improves the prediction accuracy of quality factors.

[0161] Example Five

[0162] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, Embodiment 5 of the present invention provides a device for predicting quality factors. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a quality factor prediction device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, the quality factor prediction device 500 includes the following modules.

[0163] The first acquisition module 501 is used to acquire well logging data and wellside seismic data of the target well.

[0164] The determination module 502 is used to select two attenuated seismic waves from the well-side seismic data and determine the depth location of the peak sampling point of each of the two attenuated seismic waves.

[0165] The second acquisition module 503 is used to acquire the velocity and density values ​​of each attenuated seismic wave from the well logging data.

[0166] The first calculation module 504 is used to calculate the spherical wave effect based on the velocity value, density value and depth position of the two attenuated seismic waves.

[0167] The second calculating module 505 is configured to calculate an attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum eliminating the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect.

[0168] The third calculating module 506 is configured to calculate a quality factor based on the attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum.

[0169] In some embodiments, the prediction device 500 further comprises the following modules:

[0170] The first determining module is configured to perform well-to-seismic calibration based on the logging data and the near-borehole seismic data to determine a time-depth relationship;

[0171] The second determining module is configured to determine a depth position corresponding to each sampling point in the near-borehole seismic data based on the time-depth relationship.

[0172] In some embodiments, the two attenuation seismic waves include a first seismic wave and a second seismic wave;

[0173] The calculation of the spherical wave effect based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position corresponding to the two attenuation seismic waves comprises:

[0174] calculating a first spherical wave reflection coefficient of the first seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave;

[0175] calculating a second spherical wave reflection coefficient of the second seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave;

[0176] calculating the spherical wave effect based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient.

[0177] In some embodiments, the calculation of the first spherical wave reflection coefficient of the first seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave comprises:

[0178] calculating a first spherical wave reflection coefficient Ref1(f) of the first seismic wave according to a first calculation formula based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave;

[0179] The calculation of the second spherical wave reflection coefficient of the second seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave comprises:

[0180] calculating a second spherical wave reflection coefficient Ref2(f) of the second seismic wave according to a first calculation formula based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave;

[0181] wherein the first calculation formula is:

[0182]

[0183] wherein, ρ1 and ρ2 are density values of the upper and lower media respectively, c1 and c2 are velocity values of the upper and lower media respectively, h is the distance between the source and the interface of the upper and lower media, Ref(f) is the spherical wave reflection coefficient, and f is the frequency.

[0184] In some embodiments, the calculating the spherical wave effect based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient comprises:

[0185] calculating the spherical wave effect R(f) according to a second calculation formula based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient:

[0186]

[0187] In some embodiments, the calculating the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum that eliminates the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect comprises:

[0188] establishing a seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship according to a third calculation formula based on the spherical wave effect,

[0189] wherein, the third calculation formula is:

[0190]

[0191] wherein, A1(f) and A2(f) are the amplitude spectra of the reference wavelet and the attenuated wavelet respectively, C(t) is the frequency-independent attenuation, t is the travel time between the reference wavelet and the attenuated wavelet, and Q is the quality factor;

[0192] calculating the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum that eliminates the spherical wave effect based on the seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship.

[0193] In some embodiments, the calculating the quality factor based on the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum comprises:

[0194] converting the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum into a logarithmic form according to a fourth calculation formula,

[0195] wherein, the fourth calculation formula is:

[0196]

[0197] determining the quality factor according to the following expression:

[0198]

[0199] wherein k is the slope of the linear fit to f. and f.

[0200] Based on this, the prediction device provided by the application realizes the prediction of the quality factor and improves the prediction accuracy of the quality factor.

[0201] It should be noted that, if the above-mentioned target quality factor prediction method is realized in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes a plurality of instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of the application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and various program code storage media. Thus, the embodiments of the application are not limited to any specific hardware and software combination.

[0202] Example Six

[0203] Embodiment six of the application provides a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that the computer program is executed by a processor to realize the steps of the quality factor prediction method provided in the above-mentioned embodiments. The storage medium can be a flash memory, a hard disk, a multimedia card, a card-type memory (such as an SD or DX memory, etc.), a random access memory (RAM), a static random access memory (SRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), a magnetic memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a server, an App application store, etc.

[0204] The computer program stored on the storage medium can realize the following method steps when executed by a processor:

[0205] Obtaining well logging data and wellside seismic data of a target well;

[0206] Selecting two attenuated seismic waves from the wellside seismic data and determining the depth position of the peak sampling point of each attenuated seismic wave in the two attenuated seismic waves;

[0207] Obtaining the velocity value and the density value of each attenuated seismic wave from the well logging data;

[0208] calculating a spherical wave effect based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the two attenuated seismic waves;

[0209] calculating an attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum that eliminates the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect;

[0210] calculating a quality factor based on the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum.

[0211] Further, the computer program described above, when executed by a processor, can implement the following method steps:

[0212] performing well-to-seismic calibration based on the logging data and the seismic data to determine a time-depth relationship;

[0213] determining a depth position corresponding to each sampling point in the seismic data based on the time-depth relationship.

[0214] In some embodiments, the two attenuated seismic waves include a first seismic wave and a second seismic wave.

[0215] Further, the computer program described above, when executed by a processor, can implement the following method steps:

[0216] calculating a first spherical wave reflection coefficient of the first seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave;

[0217] calculating a second spherical wave reflection coefficient of the second seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave;

[0218] calculating a spherical wave effect based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient.

[0219] Further, the computer program described above, when executed by a processor, can implement the following method steps:

[0220] calculating a first spherical wave reflection coefficient Ref1(f) of the first seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave according to a first calculation formula;

[0221] calculating a second spherical wave reflection coefficient Ref2(f) of the second seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave according to the first calculation formula;

[0222] wherein the first calculation formula is:

[0223]

[0224] wherein, ρ1 and ρ2 are the density values of the upper and lower layers of medium, respectively, c1 and c2 are velocity values of the upper and lower media respectively, h is the distance between the source and the interface of the upper and lower media, Ref(f) is the spherical wave reflection coefficient, and f is the frequency.

[0225] Further, the computer program described above can implement the following method steps when executed by a processor:

[0226] Based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient, the spherical wave effect R(f) is calculated according to a second calculation formula:

[0227]

[0228] Further, the computer program described above can implement the following method steps when executed by a processor:

[0229] Based on the spherical wave effect, a seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship is established according to a third calculation formula,

[0230] wherein the third calculation formula is:

[0231]

[0232] wherein A1(f) and A2(f) are the amplitude spectra of a reference wavelet and an attenuation wavelet respectively, C(t) is a frequency-independent attenuation, t is the travel time between the reference wavelet and the attenuation wavelet, and Q is the quality factor;

[0233] Based on the seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship, an attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum that eliminates the spherical wave effect is calculated.

[0234] Further, the computer program described above can implement the following method steps when executed by a processor:

[0235] The attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum is converted to a logarithmic form according to a fourth calculation formula,

[0236] wherein the fourth calculation formula is:

[0237]

[0238] The quality factor is determined according to the following expression:

[0239]

[0240] wherein k is the slope of the linear fitting of and f.

[0241] Therefore, by using the storage medium provided by the present application, the prediction of the quality factor is realized, and the prediction accuracy of the quality factor is improved.

[0242] Example Seven

[0243] An electronic device is provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 An electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in a schematic diagram of a component structure. As shown, the electronic device 600 includes a processor 601, at least one communication bus 602, a user interface 603, at least one external communication interface 604, and a memory 605. Figure 6

[0244] The communication bus 602 can be configured to realize connection and communication between the components.

[0245] The user interface 603 can include a display screen, and the external communication interface 604 can include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The processor 601 is configured to execute a program of the prediction method of the quality factor stored in the memory to realize the steps in the prediction method of the quality factor provided in the above embodiments.

[0246] The processor can be an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Digital Signal Processing Device (DSPD), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or other electronic elements for executing the method of determining the resource space distribution in the above embodiments.

[0247] ​The memory can be implemented by any type of volatile or nonvolatile storage devices or a combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk.

[0248] The multimedia component can include a screen, which can be a touch screen, and an audio component for outputting and / or inputting audio signals. For example, the audio component can include a microphone for receiving external audio signals. The received audio signals can be further stored in the memory or transmitted through the communication component. The audio component also includes at least one speaker for outputting audio signals.

[0249] The I / O interface provides an interface between the processor and other interface modules, which can be a keyboard, a mouse, a button, etc. These buttons can be virtual buttons or physical buttons.

[0250] The communication component is used for wired or wireless communication between the electronic device and other devices. Wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), 2G, 3G or 4G, or a combination of one or more of them, so the corresponding communication component can include a Wi-Fi module, a Bluetooth module, an NFC module.

[0251] The computer program is executed by the processor to implement the following method steps:

[0252] Obtaining well logging data and well seismic data of a target well;

[0253] Selecting two attenuated seismic waves from the well seismic data, and determining the depth position of the peak sampling point of each attenuated seismic wave in the two attenuated seismic waves;

[0254] Obtaining the velocity value and the density value of each attenuated seismic wave from the well logging data;

[0255] calculating a spherical wave effect based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the two attenuated seismic waves;

[0256] calculating an attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum that eliminates the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect;

[0257] calculating a quality factor based on the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum.

[0258] Further, the computer program described above, when executed by a processor, can implement the following method steps:

[0259] performing well-to-seismic calibration based on the logging data and the seismic data to determine a time-depth relationship;

[0260] determining a depth position corresponding to each sampling point in the seismic data based on the time-depth relationship.

[0261] In some embodiments, the two attenuated seismic waves include a first seismic wave and a second seismic wave.

[0262] Further, the computer program described above, when executed by a processor, can implement the following method steps:

[0263] calculating a first spherical wave reflection coefficient of the first seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave;

[0264] calculating a second spherical wave reflection coefficient of the second seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave;

[0265] calculating a spherical wave effect based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient.

[0266] Further, the computer program described above, when executed by a processor, can implement the following method steps:

[0267] calculating a first spherical wave reflection coefficient Ref1(f) of the first seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave according to a first calculation formula;

[0268] calculating a second spherical wave reflection coefficient Ref2(f) of the second seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave according to the first calculation formula;

[0269] wherein the first calculation formula is:

[0270]

[0271] wherein, ρ1 and ρ2 are the density values of the upper and lower layers of medium respectively, c1 and c2 are velocity values of the upper and lower media respectively, h is the distance between the source and the interface of the upper and lower media, Ref(f) is the spherical wave reflection coefficient, and f is the frequency.

[0272] Further, the computer program described above can implement the following method steps when executed by a processor:

[0273] Based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient, the spherical wave effect R(f) is calculated according to a second calculation formula:

[0274]

[0275] Further, the computer program described above can implement the following method steps when executed by a processor:

[0276] Based on the spherical wave effect, a seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship is established according to a third calculation formula,

[0277] The third calculation formula is:

[0278]

[0279] A1(f) and A2(f) are the amplitude spectra of a reference wavelet and an attenuation wavelet respectively, C(t) is a frequency-independent attenuation, t is the travel time between the reference wavelet and the attenuation wavelet, and Q is the quality factor;

[0280] Based on the seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship, an attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum that eliminates the spherical wave effect is calculated.

[0281] Further, the computer program described above can implement the following method steps when executed by a processor:

[0282] The attenuation wavelet amplitude spectrum is converted to a logarithmic form according to a fourth calculation formula,

[0283] The fourth calculation formula is:

[0284]

[0285] The quality factor is determined according to the following expression:

[0286]

[0287] k is the slope of the linear fitting of and f.

[0288] Therefore, the electronic device provided by the present application realizes the prediction of the quality factor and improves the prediction accuracy of the quality factor.

[0289] The above description of the display device and storage medium embodiments is similar to the description of the method embodiments, and has similar advantages to the method embodiments. For technical details not disclosed in the computer device and storage medium embodiments of the present application, please refer to the description of the method embodiments of the present application for understanding.

[0290] It should be noted that the above description of the storage medium and device embodiments is similar to the description of the method embodiments, and has similar advantages to the method embodiments. For technical details not disclosed in the storage medium and device embodiments of the present application, please refer to the description of the method embodiments of the present application for understanding.

[0291] It should be understood that the "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mentioned throughout the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that the size of the sequence number of each process in various embodiments of the present application does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined according to its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of the present application. The sequence number of the above embodiment of the present application is only for description, not representing the pros and cons of the embodiment.

[0292] It should be noted that in this document, the term "comprising" or "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "including a" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0293] In several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The above-described device embodiments are only schematic, for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and actual implementation can have another division manner, such as: multiple units or components can be combined, or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between the various components shown or discussed can be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0294] The units described as separate components above can or can not be physically separate, and the components shown as units can or can not be physical units; they can be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units; and part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment.

[0295] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can be a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be realized in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional unit.

[0296] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be completed by program instruction related hardware, and the aforementioned program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program executes the steps including the above method embodiments when executed; and the aforementioned storage medium includes mobile storage devices, read only memory (ROM, Read Only Memory), magnetic discs or optical discs, and various storage medium that can store program codes.

[0297] Alternatively, the integrated unit of the present application, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, can also be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes a number of instructions for causing a controller to execute all or part of the methods described in the embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes mobile storage devices, ROM, magnetic discs or optical discs, and various storage medium that can store program codes.

[0298] The above is only an embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of predicting a quality factor, characterized by, The method comprises: obtaining well logging data and seismic data of a target well; selecting two attenuated seismic waves from the seismic data, and determining a depth position of a peak sample point of each of the two attenuated seismic waves; obtaining a velocity value and a density value of each of the two attenuated seismic waves from the well logging data; calculating a spherical wave effect based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of each of the two attenuated seismic waves; calculating an attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum eliminating the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect; calculating a quality factor based on the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises: performing well-to-seismic calibration based on the well logging data and the seismic data to determine a time-depth relationship; determining a depth position corresponding to each sample point in the seismic data based on the time-depth relationship.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The two attenuated seismic waves comprise a first seismic wave and a second seismic wave; The calculation of the spherical wave effect based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of each of the two attenuated seismic waves comprises: calculating a first spherical wave reflection coefficient of the first seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave; calculating a second spherical wave reflection coefficient of the second seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave; calculating the spherical wave effect based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The calculation of the first spherical wave reflection coefficient of the first seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave comprises: calculating the first spherical wave reflection coefficient Ref1(f) of the first seismic wave according to a first calculation formula based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the first seismic wave; The calculation of the second spherical wave reflection coefficient of the second seismic wave based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave comprises: calculating the second spherical wave reflection coefficient Ref2(f) of the second seismic wave according to the first calculation formula based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of the second seismic wave; wherein the first calculation formula is: wherein, p1 and p2 are the density values of the upper and lower layers of media, respectively, c1 and c2 are the velocity values of the upper and lower layers of media, respectively, h is the distance from the source to the interface of the upper and lower layers of media, Ref(f) is the spherical wave reflection coefficient, and f is the frequency.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The calculation of the spherical wave effect based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient comprises: calculating the spherical wave effect R(f) according to a second calculation formula based on the first spherical wave reflection coefficient and the second spherical wave reflection coefficient:

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The calculation of the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum eliminating the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect comprises: establishing a seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship according to a third calculation formula based on the spherical wave effect, wherein the third calculation formula is: wherein A1(f) and A2(f) are amplitude spectrums of a reference wavelet and an attenuated wavelet respectively, C(t) is a frequency-independent attenuation, t is a travel time between the reference wavelet and the attenuated wavelet, and Q is the quality factor; calculating the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum eliminating the spherical wave effect based on the seismic wave amplitude spectrum absorption attenuation relationship.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The calculation of the quality factor based on the attenuated wavelet amplitude spectrum comprises: convert the amplitude spectrum of the attenuated wavelet into a logarithmic form according to a fourth calculation formula, wherein the fourth calculation formula is: determine the quality factor according to the following expression: where k is the slope of the linear fit to and f.

8. A quality factor prediction apparatus, characterized by comprising: comprising: a first obtaining module, configured to obtain well logging data and seismic data beside a well of a target well; a determining module, configured to select two attenuated seismic waves from the seismic data beside the well and determine a depth position of a peak sampling point of each of the two attenuated seismic waves; a second obtaining module, configured to obtain a velocity value and a density value of each of the two attenuated seismic waves from the well logging data; a first calculation module, configured to calculate a spherical wave effect based on the velocity value, the density value and the depth position of each of the two attenuated seismic waves; a second calculation module, configured to calculate an amplitude spectrum of an attenuated wavelet that eliminates the spherical wave effect based on the spherical wave effect; a third calculation module, configured to calculate a quality factor based on the amplitude spectrum of the attenuated wavelet.

9. An electronic device, comprising: comprise a memory and a processor, and the memory has stored thereon a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A storage medium, characterized by The computer program stored in the storage medium can be executed by one or more processors and can be used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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