Method, device and equipment for processing linear noise of seismic data and storage medium
By using the linear Radon transform method to extract and remove direct and refracted wave signals from seismic data, the problem of reduced signal-to-noise ratio and information loss caused by noise processing in existing technologies is solved, thus achieving the protection of effective signals and the removal of noise.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL CORP
- Filing Date
- 2021-10-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing techniques for processing seismic data, such as the removal of direct and refracted waves, can lead to the loss of shallow information at long offsets. Furthermore, direct filtering methods are prone to introducing noise and aliasing, which reduces the signal-to-noise ratio.
The linear Radon transform method is used to process seismic data in the linear Radon domain. By extracting direct wave and refracted wave signals and performing inverse transform, noise data is removed and effective signals at long offsets are preserved.
It effectively removes noise from both direct and refracted waves, protects the effective signal from shallow layers at long offsets, improves the signal-to-noise ratio, and ensures the accuracy of subsequent processing and imaging quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN115963535B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of seismic exploration data processing technology, specifically to methods, apparatus, equipment, and storage media for processing linear noise in seismic data. Background Technology
[0002] In seismic data acquired in the field, shallow linear noise, namely direct and refracted waves, has very high energy. It contaminates the effective shallow signal and affects the accuracy of velocity modeling. In the data processing, the interference of direct and refracted waves on other effective signals must first be addressed. The conventional method for processing direct and refracted waves is to remove them. However, removing direct and refracted waves also removes shallow information at far offsets, which is detrimental to shallow velocity modeling and imaging.
[0003] To address the drawbacks of the ablation method and the linear characteristics of direct waves, related technologies employ direct filtering to attenuate both direct and refracted waves. This method effectively protects the effective signals from shallow layers with long offsets while suppressing both direct and refracted waves. However, using direct filtering to suppress direct and refracted waves can easily generate more noise and aliasing, and also reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the effective signals in shallow layers. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for processing linear noise in seismic data. Based on the characteristics of seismic data in the linear Radon domain, a linear Radon transform is employed to filter out shallow linear noise data, thereby greatly protecting the effective signals at long offsets.
[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for processing linear noise in seismic data, including:
[0006] Acquire earthquake data;
[0007] The seismic data is internally tangented to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data includes direct wave signals and refracted wave signals;
[0008] The second seismic data is obtained by performing linear dynamic correction on the first seismic data based on the direct wave velocity.
[0009] The second seismic data is processed by linear Radon transform to obtain the third seismic data in the linear Radon domain;
[0010] The direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain are extracted from the third earthquake data. The direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain are then subjected to inverse linear Radon transform to obtain noise data. The noise data is the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the time-distance domain.
[0011] The target seismic data is obtained by removing the noise from the seismic data.
[0012] Further, the step of performing a linear Radon transform on the second seismic data to obtain the third seismic data in the linear Radon domain includes:
[0013] The second earthquake data is obtained by performing a linear Radon transform on the second earthquake data based on the Radon positive transform expression, where the Radon positive transform expression is:
[0014] τ=t-px
[0015]
[0016] Where τ is the intercept time when x = 0, t is the two-way travel time, p is the ray parameter, x is the offset distance, S is the amplitude value in the linear Radon domain, and P is the amplitude value in the time-distance domain.
[0017] Furthermore, the third seismic data includes: direct wave signals and refracted wave signals. The extraction of direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the linear Radon domain of the third seismic data includes:
[0018] Obtain the ray parameters of the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain;
[0019] Based on the ray parameters, direct wave signals and refracted wave signals are extracted from the third seismic data.
[0020] Further, the extraction of direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters includes:
[0021] Extract the direct wave signal corresponding to a zero ray parameter;
[0022] And extract the refracted wave signal corresponding to the negative value of the ray parameter.
[0023] Further, the step of performing an inverse linear Radon transform on the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data includes:
[0024] Noise data is obtained by performing a linear inverse Radon transform on the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain based on the linear inverse Radon transform expression, wherein the linear inverse Radon transform expression is:
[0025] t = τ + px
[0026]
[0027] Where τ is the intercept time when x = 0, t is the two-way travel time, p is the ray parameter, x is the offset distance, S is the amplitude value in the linear Radon domain, and P is the amplitude value in the time-distance domain.
[0028] Further, the step of removing the noise from the seismic data to obtain the target seismic data includes:
[0029] The target seismic data is calculated using a first calculation formula, wherein the first calculation formula is:
[0030]
[0031] Among them, Sei result To extract the seismic records after removing direct and refracted waves, Sei represents the original seismic data, and Ψ represents the inverse linear Radon transform. For linear Radon positive transform, LMO is linear dynamic correction, and Sei... mute The first seismic data after incision, v arrival This refers to the direct wave velocity.
[0032] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a seismic data processing apparatus, including:
[0033] The first acquisition module is used to acquire earthquake data;
[0034] The processing module is used to perform internal tangent processing on the seismic data to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data includes direct wave signals and refracted wave signals;
[0035] The second processing module is used to perform linear dynamic correction processing on the first seismic data based on the direct wave velocity to obtain the second seismic data.
[0036] The third processing module is used to perform linear Radon transform on the second seismic data to obtain the third seismic data in the linear Radon domain;
[0037] The second acquisition module is used to extract the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain from the third seismic data, and to perform a linear inverse Radon transform on the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data, wherein the noise data is the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the time-distance domain.
[0038] The noise removal module is used to remove noise from the seismic data to obtain the target seismic data.
[0039] Furthermore, the device also includes:
[0040] The third acquisition module is used to acquire the ray parameters of the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain;
[0041] An extraction module is used to extract direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters.
[0042] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, the device comprising: at least one processor and a storage device;
[0043] The processor is used to execute a computer program stored in the memory to implement a method for processing linear noise in seismic data as described in any embodiment of the first aspect.
[0044] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer storage medium storing one or more programs, which can be executed by an electronic device as described in the third aspect to implement a method for processing linear noise in seismic data as described in any embodiment of the first aspect.
[0045] This application provides a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for processing linear noise in seismic data. The method involves acquiring seismic data, performing internal tangent processing on the seismic data to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data includes direct wave signals and refracted wave signals. Linear dynamic correction processing is performed on the first seismic data based on the direct wave velocity to obtain second seismic data. Linear Radon transform processing is performed on the second seismic data to obtain third seismic data in the linear Radon domain. Direct wave signals and refracted wave signals in the linear Radon domain are extracted from the third seismic data. Inverse linear Radon transform is performed on the direct wave signals and refracted wave signals in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data, wherein the noise data consists of direct wave signals and refracted wave signals in the time-distance domain. The noise data is removed from the seismic data to obtain target seismic data. Subtraction is used to remove direct waves and refracted waves from the seismic data, achieving shallow linear noise suppression of the seismic data and protecting effective shallow signals at distant offsets.
[0046] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this application. Other features of this application will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description
[0047] The present application will be described in more detail below based on embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0048] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a method for processing linear noise in seismic data according to an embodiment of this application is shown.
[0049] Figure 2 The diagram shows a flowchart of step S150 of a method for processing linear noise in seismic data according to an embodiment of this application.
[0050] Figure 3 The diagram shows a flowchart of step S220 of a method for processing linear noise in seismic data according to an embodiment of this application.
[0051] Figure 4 This invention illustrates a diagram of the original seismic data and the seismic data after incision, as presented in one embodiment of this application.
[0052] Figure 5 This invention illustrates a plot of linearly dynamically corrected seismic data and linear Radon domain seismic data according to an embodiment of this application.
[0053] Figure 6 This paper shows a graph of the direct wave and refracted wave signals and the inverse linear Radon transform data of the linear Radon domain after cutoff, as proposed in one embodiment of this application.
[0054] Figure 7 The diagram illustrates the original seismic data, the denoised seismic data, and the noise-removed data as presented in one embodiment of this application.
[0055] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a seismic data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of this application is shown;
[0056] Figure 9 A structural block diagram of an electronic device for performing a method for processing linear noise in seismic data according to an embodiment of this application is shown.
[0057] Figure 10 A storage unit for storing or carrying program code implementing a method for processing linear noise in seismic data according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation
[0058] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
[0059] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0060] In seismic data, shallow linear noise, namely the energy of direct waves and refracted waves, is much greater than that of other types of seismic information. In the process of seismic data processing, the first thing to do is to solve the interference of direct waves and refracted waves on other signals, especially the interference on effective signals at long offsets.
[0061] While related technologies can remove interference from direct waves and refracted waves to some extent, they also have problems such as weakening the effective information in shallow layers at long offset distances and introducing noise and aliasing, thus reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the effective signal in shallow layers.
[0062] To effectively suppress direct wave and refracted wave interference without introducing noise pollution, this application provides a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for processing linear noise in seismic data. The method involves internally tangenting the seismic data to obtain first seismic data, which includes direct wave and refracted wave signals. Linear dynamic correction is then performed on the first seismic data based on the direct wave velocity to obtain second seismic data. A linear Radon transform is then performed on the second seismic data to obtain third seismic data in the linear Radon domain. Direct wave and refracted wave signals in the linear Radon domain are then extracted from the third seismic data. An inverse linear Radon transform is performed on the direct wave and refracted wave signals in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data, which consists of direct wave and refracted wave signals in the time-distance domain. The direct wave and refracted wave signals of the noise data in the seismic data are subtracted from the original seismic data, thus suppressing shallow linear noise and protecting effective shallow signals at distant offsets.
[0063] Example 1
[0064] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for processing linear noise in seismic data. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for processing linear noise in seismic data, provided in an embodiment of this application. In a specific embodiment, the method for processing linear noise in seismic data is applied to, for example... Figure 8 The electronic equipment 100 of the seismic data processing device 400 shown is... Figure 9The following describes the specific process of this embodiment using electronic device 100 as an example. It is understood that the electronic device 100 of this application can be a computer, mobile phone, or other smart device, and this application does not limit it. The following will focus on... Figure 1 The process shown is described in detail. The method for processing linear noise in the seismic data shown may specifically include steps S110 to S160.
[0065] Step S110: Obtain earthquake data.
[0066] In this embodiment, the electronic device can directly acquire seismic data collected by the acquisition device in real time, or retrieve seismic data from a memory that stores historical seismic data, or acquire seismic data by establishing a connection with a cloud server. The seismic data may include marine data and land data, and this application does not limit them.
[0067] Step S120: Perform internal tangent processing on the seismic data to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data includes direct wave signals and refracted wave signals.
[0068] In this embodiment, the electronic device pre-stores a processing model to perform internal cutting processing on the acquired seismic data. In order to protect the reflected waves from damage to the greatest extent, the internal cutting processing is used to obtain the direct wave signal, the data near the direct wave, and the refracted wave signal.
[0069] Specifically, to protect the reflected waves from damage to the greatest extent possible, the seismic data is internally tangent to Sei, yielding the direct wave and nearby Sei data. mute .
[0070] Step S130: Perform linear dynamic correction on the first seismic data based on the direct wave velocity to obtain the second seismic data.
[0071] In this embodiment of the application, the electronic device acquires the first seismic data after incision, and performs linear dynamic correction processing on the first seismic data by the direct wave velocity to obtain the second seismic data. The second seismic data may include: horizontal direct waves, upward-curved refracted waves, and effective waves with a hyperbolic downward curve.
[0072] Specifically, through the first seismic data after incision, i.e., the direct wave velocity v arrivel Perform linear dynamic correction (LMO) (Sei mute ,v arrival This yields horizontal direct waves, upward-curving refracted waves, and effective waves with a hyperbolic downward curve.
[0073] Step S140: Perform a linear Radon transform on the second seismic data to obtain the third seismic data in the linear Radon domain.
[0074] In this embodiment of the application, the electronic device performs linear Radon transform processing on the second seismic data after linear dynamic correction to obtain third seismic data distributed in different regions. The third seismic data includes: direct wave, refracted wave, and reflected wave, which are distributed in three different regions.
[0075] Specifically, the linearly dynamically corrected data is subjected to a linear Radon transform. After processing, the direct wave, refracted wave, and reflected wave are distributed in three different regions.
[0076] Step S150: Extract the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal from the linear Radon domain from the third earthquake data, and perform a linear inverse Radon transform on the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data, wherein the noise data is the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the time-distance domain.
[0077] In this embodiment, the electronic device selects the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain from the third seismic data, and performs linear inverse Radon transform processing on the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data in the time-distance domain.
[0078] Step S160: Remove the noise from the seismic data to obtain the target seismic data.
[0079] In this embodiment of the application, the electronic device removes the noise data obtained by the linear inverse Radon transform in step S150 from the original seismic data in step S110, namely the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal processed by the linear inverse Radon transform.
[0080] In the above embodiments, after studying the different characteristics of effective signals and shallow linear interference in the linear Radon domain, the linear Radon transform is used to filter out direct waves and refracted waves. Then, the direct waves and refracted waves are subtracted from the original seismic data by subtraction, thereby suppressing shallow linear noise in the data and protecting the effective shallow signals at far offsets.
[0081] Example 2
[0082] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, this application also provides a method for extracting seismic data.
[0083] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a flowchart of step S150 in an embodiment of this application, applied to an electronic device. The third seismic data includes: direct wave signal and refracted wave signal. Extracting the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal from the linear Radon domain from the third seismic data may include steps S210 to S220.
[0084] Step S210: Obtain the ray parameters of the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain.
[0085] In this embodiment, considering that in the linear Radon domain, different P values can be represented by rays with different inclination angles, where upward-inclined rays are negative, horizontal rays are zero, and downward-inclined rays are positive, sampling is performed at equal intervals between the maximum and minimum P values. These discrete P values constitute the abscissa after linear Radon transformation. The electronic device receives direct wave signals and refracted wave signals, and then obtains the linear parameters in the linear Radon domain based on the received direct wave signals and refracted wave signals.
[0086] Step S220: Based on the ray parameters, extract the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal from the third seismic data.
[0087] In this embodiment of the application, the electronic device acquires ray parameters and extracts direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the acquired third seismic data based on the ray parameters.
[0088] In this embodiment, the p-values of the direct wave and the refracted wave are fixed, becoming a single point in the linear radon domain, both lying on the p-axis. By utilizing the different positions of the reflected wave, the direct wave, and the refracted wave in the linear radon domain, the reflected wave, the direct wave, and the refracted wave can be separated, thus protecting the effective reflected wave from damage while suppressing the direct wave and the refracted wave.
[0089] Example 3
[0090] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, this application also provides another method for extracting seismic data.
[0091] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a flowchart of step S220 in an embodiment of this application, applied to an electronic device. The method may include steps S310 to S320.
[0092] Step S310: Extract the direct wave signal corresponding to the zero value of the ray parameter.
[0093] In one embodiment of this application, the electronic device first needs to obtain the value of the ray parameter, and based on the value of the ray parameter, extract the direct wave signal of the ray parameter. The signal corresponding to the zero value extracted by the electronic device is the direct wave signal.
[0094] Step S320: Extract the refracted wave signal corresponding to the negative value of the ray parameter.
[0095] In this embodiment of the application, the electronic device first needs to obtain the value of the ray parameter, and then extract the ray parameter refracted wave signal based on the value of the ray parameter. The signal corresponding to the negative value extracted by the electronic device is the direct wave signal.
[0096] Example 4
[0097] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, this application also provides another method for processing linear noise in seismic data.
[0098] The process of performing a linear Radon transform on the second seismic data to obtain the third seismic data in the linear Radon domain includes:
[0099] The second earthquake data is obtained by performing a linear Radon transform on the second earthquake data based on the Radon forward transform expression, where the Radon forward transform expression is:
[0100] τ=t-px
[0101]
[0102] Where τ is the intercept time when x = 0, t is the two-way travel time, p is the ray parameter, x is the offset distance, also known as apparent slowness, i.e., the reciprocal of apparent velocity, S is the amplitude value in the linear radon domain, and P is the amplitude value in the time-distance domain.
[0103] Example 5
[0104] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, this application also provides another method for processing linear noise in seismic data.
[0105] The step of performing an inverse linear Radon transform on the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data includes:
[0106] Noise data is obtained by performing a linear inverse Radon transform on the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain based on the linear inverse Radon transform expression, wherein the linear inverse Radon transform expression is:
[0107] t = τ + px
[0108]
[0109] Where τ is the intercept time when x = 0, t is the two-way travel time, p is the ray parameter, also known as apparent slowness, i.e., the reciprocal of apparent velocity, x is the offset distance, S is the amplitude value in the linear radon domain, and P is the amplitude value in the time-distance domain.
[0110] In the linear Radon domain, different P values can be represented by rays with different inclination angles. Upward-sloping rays have negative values, horizontal rays have zero values, and downward-sloping rays have positive values. Sampling at equal intervals between the maximum and minimum P values, these discrete P values constitute the abscissa of the linear Radon transform. Rayles with the same P value have the same τ value, which is equal to the time value of zero offset in the time-distance domain. Integrating and summing along the ray path yields the value after the linear Radon transform.
[0111] Example 6
[0112] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, this application provides another method for processing linear noise in seismic data.
[0113] The target seismic data is obtained by removing the noise from the seismic data, including:
[0114] The target seismic data is calculated using a first formula, wherein the first formula is:
[0115]
[0116] Among them, Sei result To extract the seismic records after removing direct and refracted waves, Sei represents the original seismic data, and Ψ represents the inverse linear Radon transform. For linear Radon positive transform, LMO is linear dynamic correction, and Sei... mute The first seismic data after incision, v arrival This refers to the direct wave velocity.
[0117] In one specific implementation, for a horizontally layered medium, the equation for its reflected wave time-distance curve is:
[0118]
[0119] Where v1 is the medium wave velocity at the interface, h is the interface depth, x is the offset distance, and t0 is the two-way vertical travel time. The reflected wave time-distance curve in the linear Radon domain is:
[0120]
[0121] As can be seen from the above equation, the reflected wave is elliptical in the linear Radon domain.
[0122] For both direct and refracted waves, the p-value is fixed, becoming a single point within the linear radon domain, both lying on the p-axis. By utilizing the different positions of reflected, direct, and refracted waves in the linear radon domain, they can be separated, thus protecting the effective reflected wave from damage while suppressing the direct and refracted waves.
[0123] In one embodiment, the method for processing linear noise in the seismic data specifically includes:
[0124] Obtain earthquake data.
[0125] The seismic data is subjected to internal tangent processing to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data includes direct wave signals and refracted wave signals.
[0126] The second seismic data is obtained by performing linear dynamic correction on the first seismic data based on the direct wave velocity.
[0127] The second seismic data is processed by linear Radon transform to obtain the third seismic data in the linear Radon domain;
[0128] The process of performing a linear Radon transform on the second seismic data to obtain the third seismic data in the linear Radon domain includes:
[0129] The second earthquake data is obtained by performing a linear Radon transform on the second earthquake data based on the Radon forward transform expression, where the Radon forward transform expression is:
[0130] τ=t-px
[0131]
[0132] Where τ is the intercept time when x = 0, t is the two-way travel time, p is the ray parameter, x is the offset distance, S is the amplitude value in the linear radon domain, and P is the amplitude value in the time-distance domain.
[0133] The direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain are extracted from the third earthquake data. The direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain are then subjected to inverse linear Radon transform to obtain noise data. The noise data is the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the time-distance domain.
[0134] The third earthquake data includes: direct wave signals and refracted wave signals. Extracting the direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the linear Radon domain of the third earthquake data includes:
[0135] Obtain the ray parameters of the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain;
[0136] Based on the ray parameters, direct wave signals and refracted wave signals are extracted from the third seismic data;
[0137] The extraction of direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters includes:
[0138] Extract the direct wave signal corresponding to a zero ray parameter;
[0139] And extract the refracted wave signal corresponding to negative ray parameters;
[0140] The step of performing an inverse linear Radon transform on the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data includes:
[0141] Noise data is obtained by performing a linear inverse Radon transform on the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain based on the linear inverse Radon transform expression, wherein the linear inverse Radon transform expression is:
[0142] t = τ + px
[0143]
[0144] Where τ is the intercept time when x = 0, t is the two-way travel time, p is the ray parameter, x is the offset distance, S is the amplitude value in the linear Radon domain, and P is the amplitude value in the time-distance domain.
[0145] The target seismic data is obtained by removing the noise from the seismic data.
[0146] The target seismic data is obtained by removing the noise from the seismic data, including:
[0147] The target seismic data is calculated using a first formula, wherein the first formula is:
[0148]
[0149] Among them, Sei result To extract the seismic records after removing direct and refracted waves, Sei represents the original seismic data, and Ψ represents the inverse linear Radon transform. For linear Radon positive transform, LMO is linear dynamic correction, and Sei... mute The first seismic data after incision, v arrival This refers to the direct wave velocity.
[0150] Considering that shallow linear noise affects the velocity of reflected waves at low speeds for both ocean and land data, and that linear dynamic correction is used to correct direct waves to a horizontal straight line, while hyperbolic dynamic correction is used to correct reflected waves to a horizontal straight line, we can use the direct wave velocity to correct it to a horizontal straight line. After linear Radon transform, the corresponding p-value is near zero. The velocity of surface refracted waves is lower than that of direct waves, so after linear dynamic correction, they curve upwards, and the p-value is negative after linear Radon transform. After linear dynamic correction, reflected waves remain ellipses with positive p-values after Radon transform. By utilizing the different p-value distribution ranges of direct waves, refracted waves, and reflected waves in the linear Radon domain after linear dynamic correction of the direct wave velocity, direct waves and refracted waves can be filtered out, thus completing the suppression of shallow linear noise in the data.
[0151] When using electronic devices to build models for actual processing, the method for handling linear noise in seismic data specifically includes the following steps:
[0152] Step S1: Internally tangent the seismic data Sei to obtain the direct wave and nearby Sei data. mute .
[0153] Step S2: After internal cutting, the data is processed through the direct wave velocity v. arrivel Perform linear dynamic correction (LMO) (Sei mute ,v arrival This yields horizontal direct waves, upward-curving refracted waves, and effective waves with a hyperbolic downward curve.
[0154] Step S3: Perform a linear Radon transform on the linearly dynamically corrected data. The direct wave, refracted wave, and reflected wave are distributed in three different regions. The direct wave is distributed near the zero value of p, while the refracted wave is distributed in the region where p is negative.
[0155] Step S4: Select data where p is near zero and data where p is negative. The signals of the direct wave and refracted wave in the linear Radon domain are obtained, and the data are then subjected to an inverse linear transform to obtain the direct wave and refracted wave signals in the time-distance domain.
[0156] Step S5: Subtract the direct wave and refracted wave data obtained in step four from the original signal to complete the direct wave and refracted wave suppression process.
[0157] In summary, the suppression processes of direct waves and refracted waves can be achieved using the following formula:
[0158]
[0159] Among them, Sei resultTo extract the seismic records after removing direct and refracted waves, Sei represents the original seismic data, and Ψ represents the inverse linear Radon transform. For linear Radon positive transform, LMO is linear dynamic correction, and Sei... mute For the seismic data after internal incision, v arrival This refers to the direct wave velocity.
[0160] The actual application process of this invention is as follows:
[0161] In the seismic data of a certain work area, there are very high-energy direct waves and refracted waves, which contaminate the effective shallow signals and affect the accuracy of velocity modeling and imaging quality in subsequent processing. To effectively remove shallow linear interference from the data of this work area and to verify the effectiveness and reliability of this invention, the method of this invention was applied to the suppression of shallow linear interference in this work area, achieving good results.
[0162] Please see Figure 4 ,like Figure 4 As shown on the left, the direct and refracted wave energy in this work area is very strong, polluting the shallow noise. The maximum offset distance in this work area is 7500 meters. The effective information of the shallow layer at the far offset distance plays an important role in the modeling of anisotropic velocity. Therefore, the shallow far offset distance information should be protected during the denoising process.
[0163] First, perform an internal tangent on a single shot to obtain all direct wave, refracted wave, and nearby data, such as... Figure 4 (Right) As shown. Because the test area uses ocean data, the direct wave velocity, i.e., the water velocity, is 1520 m / s. Linear dynamic correction was performed on the data after inward cutting using this velocity, and the results are as follows. Figure 5 As shown on the left, a linear Radon transform is performed on the data, as follows: Figure 5 As shown on the right: After linear dynamic correction, the direct wave is a horizontal straight line, distributed near zero in the linear radon domain; after linear dynamic correction, the slope of the refracted wave is negative, distributed in the negative region in the linear radon domain. Figure 5 The right half of (right); after linear dynamic correction, the slope of the reflected wave is positive, and it is distributed in the positive value region in the linear radon domain, which is... Figure 5 (Right) The left half, and at larger values. Select the negative value region and the region near zero in the linear radon domain, such as... Figure 6 As shown on the left, this represents the data range of the direct wave and the refracted wave. Performing a linear inverse Radon transform on this data yields the direct wave and refracted wave signals in the time-distance domain, as shown below. Figure 6 (Right). To Figure 6 (Right) The data undergoes linear reaction correction to obtain the noise of the direct wave and refracted wave, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown on the right. Subtracting direct wave and refracted wave noise from the original data yields the result after removing linear noise, as shown below. Figure 7As shown in (the middle). From... Figure 7 As can be seen, the method of this invention can effectively remove linear interference, while not damaging the reflected waves in the middle and deep layers, and also has a certain protective effect on the far offset information in the shallow layers, providing reliable seismic data for subsequent processing.
[0164] Example 7
[0165] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, this application also provides a seismic data processing apparatus.
[0166] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 An earthquake data processing apparatus 400 according to an embodiment of this application is provided, the apparatus comprising:
[0167] The first acquisition module 410 is used to acquire seismic data;
[0168] The first processing module 420 is used to perform internal tangent processing on the seismic data to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data includes direct wave signals and refracted wave signals;
[0169] The second processing module 430 is used to perform linear dynamic correction processing on the first seismic data based on the direct wave velocity to obtain the second seismic data.
[0170] The third processing module 440 is used to perform linear Radon transform processing on the second seismic data to obtain the third seismic data in the linear Radon domain.
[0171] The second acquisition module 450 is used to extract the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain from the third seismic data, and to perform a linear inverse Radon transform on the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data, wherein the noise data is the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the time-distance domain.
[0172] The noise removal module 460 is used to remove noise from the seismic data to obtain the target seismic data.
[0173] In one possible implementation, to address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, this application also provides another seismic data processing apparatus.
[0174] The first acquisition module is used to acquire earthquake data;
[0175] The first processing module is used to perform internal tangent processing on the seismic data to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data includes direct wave signals and refracted wave signals;
[0176] The second processing module is used to perform linear dynamic correction processing on the first seismic data based on the direct wave velocity to obtain the second seismic data.
[0177] The third processing module is used to perform linear Radon transform on the second seismic data to obtain the third seismic data in the linear Radon domain;
[0178] The third acquisition module is used to acquire the ray parameters of the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain;
[0179] The extraction module is used to extract direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters.
[0180] The second acquisition module is used to extract the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain from the third seismic data, and to perform a linear inverse Radon transform on the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data, wherein the noise data is the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the time-distance domain.
[0181] The extraction module is used to extract direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters.
[0182] The noise removal module is used to remove noise from the seismic data to obtain the target seismic data.
[0183] In one possible implementation, to address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, this application also provides another seismic data processing apparatus.
[0184] The first acquisition module is used to acquire earthquake data;
[0185] The first processing module is used to perform internal tangent processing on the seismic data to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data includes direct wave signals and refracted wave signals;
[0186] The second processing module is used to perform linear dynamic correction processing on the first seismic data based on the direct wave velocity to obtain the second seismic data.
[0187] The third processing module is used to perform linear Radon transform on the second seismic data to obtain the third seismic data in the linear Radon domain;
[0188] The third acquisition module is used to acquire the ray parameters of the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain;
[0189] The extraction module is used to extract direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters.
[0190] The second acquisition module is used to extract the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain from the third seismic data, and to perform a linear inverse Radon transform on the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data, wherein the noise data is the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the time-distance domain.
[0191] The extraction module is used to extract direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters.
[0192] The first extraction module is used to extract the direct wave signal corresponding to a zero ray parameter value.
[0193] The second extraction module is used to extract the refracted wave signal corresponding to negative ray parameters;
[0194] The noise removal module is used to remove noise from the seismic data to obtain the target seismic data.
[0195] In one possible implementation, to address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, this application provides another seismic data processing apparatus.
[0196] The first calculation module is used to perform a linear Radon transform on the second seismic data to obtain third seismic data in the linear Radon domain, including:
[0197] The second earthquake data is obtained by performing a linear Radon transform on the second earthquake data based on the Radon positive transform expression, where the Radon positive transform expression is:
[0198] τ=t-px
[0199]
[0200] Where τ is the intercept time when x = 0, t is the two-way travel time, p is the ray parameter, x is the offset distance, S is the amplitude value in the linear Radon domain, and P is the amplitude value in the time-distance domain.
[0201] The second calculation module is used to perform an inverse linear Radon transform on the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data, including:
[0202] Noise data is obtained by performing a linear inverse Radon transform on the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain based on the linear inverse Radon transform expression, wherein the linear inverse Radon transform expression is:
[0203] t = τ + px
[0204]
[0205] Where τ is the intercept time when x = 0, t is the two-way travel time, p is the ray parameter, x is the offset distance, S is the amplitude value in the linear Radon domain, and P is the amplitude value in the time-distance domain.
[0206] The third calculation module is used to remove noise from the seismic data to obtain the target seismic data, including:
[0207] The target seismic data is calculated using a first calculation formula, wherein the first calculation formula is:
[0208]
[0209] Among them, Sei result To extract the seismic records after removing direct and refracted waves, Sei represents the original seismic data, and Ψ represents the inverse linear Radon transform. For linear Radon positive transform, LMO is linear dynamic correction, and Sei... mute The first seismic data after incision, v arrival This refers to the direct wave velocity.
[0210] The filtering module is used to select data where p is near zero or where p is negative. The signals of the direct wave and the refracted wave in the linear Radon domain are obtained.
[0211] The first calculation module is also used to acquire the seismic data Sei internally, and to obtain the direct wave and the data near the direct wave Sei. mute ;
[0212] The first calculation module is also used to obtain the direct wave velocity v. arrivel Perform linear dynamic correction (LMO) (Sei mute ,v arrival This yields horizontal direct waves, upward-curving refracted waves, and effective waves with a hyperbolic downward curve.
[0213] The second calculation module is also used to select data near the zero value of p and data where p is negative. The signals of the direct wave and refracted wave in the linear Radon domain are calculated.
[0214] The third calculation module is also used to obtain the selected... The signals of the direct wave and the refracted wave in the linear Radon domain are obtained, and the signals of the direct wave and the refracted wave in the time-distance domain are calculated.
[0215] Example 8
[0216] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, this application also provides an electronic device.
[0217] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 9 An electronic device 100 provided in this application embodiment can perform the above-described method for processing linear noise in seismic data. The electronic device 100 may be a computer or a portable computer, or other intelligent devices that establish communication with the seismic data processing device.
[0218] The electronic device 100 also includes a processor 102 and a storage 104. The storage 104 stores programs that can execute the contents of the foregoing embodiments, and the processor 102 can execute the programs stored in the storage 104.
[0219] The processor 102 may include one or more cores for data processing and message matrix units. The processor 102 connects to various parts of the electronic device 200 using various interfaces and lines, and performs various functions and processes data of the electronic device 100 by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in the memory 104, and by calling data stored in the memory 104. Optionally, the processor 102 may be implemented using at least one hardware form of Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or Programmable Logic Array (PLA). The processor 102 may integrate one or more of the following: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), and modem / decoder. The CPU primarily handles the operating system, user interface, and applications; the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing the displayed content; and the modem is used for wireless communication. It is understood that the modem / decoder may also not be integrated into the processor and may be implemented separately through a communication chip.
[0220] The memory 104 may include random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory. The memory 104 can be used to store instructions, programs, code, code sets, or instruction sets. The memory 104 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for implementing at least one function (e.g., instructions for a user to obtain random numbers), instructions for implementing the various method embodiments described below, etc. The data storage area may also store data (e.g., random numbers) created by the terminal during use.
[0221] The electronic device 100 may also include a network module and a screen. The network module is used to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves, converting electromagnetic waves into electrical signals, thereby enabling communication with communication networks or other devices, such as audio playback devices. The network module may include various existing circuit elements used to perform these functions, such as antennas, radio frequency transceivers, digital signal processors, encryption / decryption chips, SIM cards, memory, etc. The network module can communicate with various networks such as the Internet, corporate intranets, and wireless networks, or communicate with other devices via wireless networks. The aforementioned wireless networks may include cellular telephone networks, wireless local area networks, or metropolitan area networks. The screen can display interface content and facilitate data interaction.
[0222] Example 9
[0223] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of this application also provide a computationally readable storage medium.
[0224] Please refer to Figure 10 This diagram illustrates a structural block diagram of a computer-readable storage medium provided in an embodiment of this application. The computer-readable medium 500 stores program code that can be called by a processor to execute the methods described in the above method embodiments.
[0225] Computer-readable storage media can be electronic storage devices such as flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM, hard disk, or ROM. Optionally, computer-readable storage media includes non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium has storage space for program code that performs any of the method steps described above. This program code can be read from or written to one or more computer program products. The program code 510 can be compressed, for example, in a suitable form.
[0226] This application also provides a computer program product or computer program that includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the seismic data linear noise processing method described in the various optional implementations above.
[0227] In summary, in this embodiment, by acquiring the characteristics of seismic data in the linear Radon domain, a linear Radon transform is used to filter out direct waves and refracted waves, greatly protecting the effective signals from long offsets. Since the distribution areas of direct waves and refracted waves are concentrated, the data is first internally tangented to protect mid-to-deep reflected waves from interference. The internally tangented data is then linearly dynamically corrected using water velocity and transformed back to the linear Radon domain. After linear dynamic correction, direct waves are horizontal straight lines, distributed near zero in the linear Radon domain; refracted waves have negative slopes, distributed in the negative region of the linear Radon domain; and reflected waves have positive slopes, distributed in the positive region of the linear Radon domain. It can be seen that the distribution areas of the three wave types are different. Utilizing this characteristic, direct waves and refracted waves can be further filtered and processed in the linear Radon domain without damaging the effective waves. This invention has been applied to actual data from a certain work area, and the processing results show that the invention achieves good results.
[0228] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.
Claims
1. A method for processing linear noise in seismic data, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire earthquake data; The seismic data is internally tangented to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data includes direct wave signals and refracted wave signals; The second seismic data is obtained by performing linear dynamic correction on the first seismic data based on the direct wave velocity. The second seismic data is processed by linear Radon transform to obtain the third seismic data in the linear Radon domain; The direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain are extracted from the third earthquake data. The direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain are then subjected to inverse linear Radon transform to obtain noise data. The noise data is the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the time-distance domain. The target seismic data is obtained by removing the noise from the seismic data. The third type of earthquake data includes direct wave signals and refracted wave signals. Extracting the direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the linear Radon domain of the third type of earthquake data includes: Obtain the ray parameters of the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain; Based on the ray parameters, direct wave signals and refracted wave signals are extracted from the third seismic data; The step of extracting direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters includes: Extract the direct wave signal corresponding to a zero ray parameter; And extract the refracted wave signal corresponding to negative ray parameters; The second earthquake data includes: horizontal direct waves, upward-curving refracted waves, and effective waves with a hyperbolic downward curve. The third type of seismic data also includes reflected waves, with the direct wave signal, refracted wave signal, and reflected waves distributed in three different regions.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of performing a linear Radon transform on the second seismic data to obtain the third seismic data in the linear Radon domain includes: The second earthquake data is obtained by performing a linear Radon transform on the second earthquake data based on the Radon forward transform expression, where the Radon forward transform expression is: in, for The intercept time is t, the two-way travel time is p, the ray parameter is x, the offset distance is S, the amplitude value in the linear radon domain is P, and the amplitude value in the time-distance domain is P.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of performing an inverse linear Radon transform on the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data includes: Noise data is obtained by performing a linear inverse Radon transform on the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain based on the linear inverse Radon transform expression, wherein the linear inverse Radon transform expression is: in, for The intercept time is t, the two-way travel time is p, the ray parameter is x, the offset distance is S, the amplitude value in the linear radon domain is P, and the amplitude value in the time-distance domain is P.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of removing noise from the seismic data to obtain the target seismic data includes: The target seismic data is calculated using a first formula, wherein the first formula is: in, To remove direct waves and refracted waves from the seismic record, The original earthquake data, For linear Radon inverse transform, It is a linear Radon positive transform. For linear dynamic correction, This is the first earthquake data after the incision. This refers to the direct wave velocity.
5. A seismic data processing device, characterized in that, The device includes: The first acquisition module is used to acquire earthquake data; The first processing module is used to perform internal tangent processing on the seismic data to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data includes direct wave signals and refracted wave signals; The second processing module is used to perform linear dynamic correction processing on the first seismic data based on the direct wave velocity to obtain the second seismic data. The third processing module is used to perform linear Radon transform on the second seismic data to obtain the third seismic data in the linear Radon domain; The second acquisition module is used to extract the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain from the third seismic data, and to perform a linear inverse Radon transform on the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain to obtain noise data, wherein the noise data is the direct wave signal and refracted wave signal in the time-distance domain. The noise removal module is used to remove noise from the seismic data to obtain the target seismic data. The third type of earthquake data includes: direct wave signals and refracted wave signals; The device further includes: The third acquisition module is used to acquire the ray parameters of the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear Radon domain; The extraction module is used to extract direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters. The extraction module is further configured to: Extract the direct wave signal corresponding to a zero ray parameter; And extract the refracted wave signal corresponding to negative ray parameters; The second earthquake data includes: horizontal direct waves, upward-curving refracted waves, and effective waves with a hyperbolic downward curve. The third type of seismic data also includes reflected waves, with the direct wave signal, refracted wave signal, and reflected waves distributed in three different regions.
6. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; Storage; One or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the storage and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs being configured to perform the method for processing linear noise in seismic data as described in any one of claims 1-4.
7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores program code that can be called by one or more processors to execute the method for processing linear noise in seismic data as described in any one of claims 1-4.