A rock mass identification drill bit and a method for controlling drilling parameters

Abstract

This invention discloses a rock mass identification drill bit and a method for adjusting drilling parameters. By adjusting the electromagnetic wave frequency of the detected electromagnetic radiation signal through a control center and feedback system, it is applicable to the identification of various rock strata depths. The method involves transmitting and receiving the detected electromagnetic radiation signal via an electromagnetic radiation detection device, enabling rapid rock mass detection. Furthermore, by analyzing and processing the identified electromagnetic radiation signal, drilling parameters are determined, and the rock mass is analyzed in real time, allowing for adaptive adjustment of the drilling parameters to improve drilling efficiency. Finally, the drill bit control device adjusts the drilling process according to the drilling parameters. This invention integrates rock mass detection and identification, drilling parameter adjustment, and drilling process control, featuring automation, precision, and intelligence. It enables drilling parameters to adapt to rock mass characteristics in real time and can be widely applied in the field of rock mass engineering technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock mass engineering technology, and in particular to a rock mass identification drill bit and a method for controlling drilling parameters. Background Technology

[0002] Rock joints are a common complex engineering medium in tunnels, slopes, underground powerhouses, and other engineering projects, and they have a crucial impact on the stability of rock mass engineering. During excavation, the presence of rock joints can significantly affect the drilling process, causing rapid drill bit wear, low borehole efficiency, and a high risk of stuck drill bits. Therefore, timely acquisition of effective information such as the distribution and geometry of fractures in the excavated rock mass, and dynamic adjustment of drilling parameters, are of great significance for improving drilling efficiency and reducing construction costs.

[0003] The main methods for joint detection include resistivity and CT (tumor optics) scanning. Resistivity, for example, is based on the electrical resistance properties of a material, reflecting changes in its internal structure and revealing the characteristics of joints and other defects within the rock through electrical structural images. CT scanning uses X-rays or gamma rays to perform continuous cross-sectional scanning of the structure. A detector receives the rays passing through the layer, converts them into visible light, then converts them into electrical signals via photoelectric conversion, and finally into digital signals via an analog-to-digital converter, ultimately obtaining the material's structural image information. However, both methods have significant limitations. For instance, resistivity parameters are affected by many factors (rock composition, structure, moisture content, temperature, etc.), introducing numerous uncertainties. Furthermore, these factors must be fully considered during resistivity parameter calibration for accurate results. CT scanning is also costly, and the technology involves ionizing radiation, requiring extremely stringent environmental conditions; therefore, it is currently only used for indoor testing. Due to technological limitations and the influence of extensive excavation construction concepts, existing geotechnical engineering drilling processes typically use only a fixed type of drill bit and drilling parameters (rotation speed, drilling pressure, drilling speed, etc.), without considering the impact of joint density, distribution, and other characteristics on drilling construction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a rock mass identification drill bit and a method for controlling drilling parameters, which solves at least one of the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] On one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a rock mass identification drill bit, including a drill bit and a drill rod, wherein the drill bit is connected to the drill rod via a bearing structure; the surface of the drill bit is provided with a plurality of teeth spaced apart, and an electromagnetic radiation detection device is provided at the top of the drill bit; a control center and a feedback system are provided on the drill rod; a drill bit control device is provided inside the drill rod, and the drill bit control device is connected to the drill bit via the bearing structure.

[0006] The electromagnetic radiation detection device is used to transmit detection electromagnetic radiation signals and receive the transmitted identification electromagnetic radiation signals.

[0007] The control center and feedback system are used to analyze and process the identified electromagnetic radiation signals to determine drilling parameters; and to send adjustment signals to the electromagnetic radiation detection device to adjust the electromagnetic wave frequency of the detected electromagnetic radiation signals.

[0008] The drill bit control device is used to adjust the drilling process of the drill bit according to the drilling parameters.

[0009] Furthermore, the electromagnetic radiation detection device is connected to the control center and feedback system; the output of the control center and feedback system is connected to the input of the drill bit control device.

[0010] Furthermore, a protective device is provided at the top of the drill bit, and the electromagnetic radiation detection device is installed inside the protective device; the electromagnetic radiation detection device includes a top plate, a housing, an electromagnetic radiation transmitting probe, and an electromagnetic radiation receiver; the electromagnetic radiation transmitting probe and the electromagnetic radiation receiver are installed inside the housing;

[0011] The electromagnetic radiation transmitting probe is used to transmit a detection electromagnetic radiation signal at a preset frequency according to the adjustment signal of the control center and the feedback system.

[0012] The electromagnetic radiation receiver is used to receive the identification electromagnetic radiation signal returned after the detection electromagnetic radiation signal propagates through the rock mass; the propagation process includes at least one of signal reflection, scattering and refraction.

[0013] Furthermore, the control center and feedback system are slidably connected to the drill rod; the drill rod is provided with a device fixing groove and a device fixing screw; the control center and feedback system include a device housing, a control center, a feedback system, and an adjustment button; the control center and the feedback system are located inside the device housing, and the adjustment button is located outside the device housing;

[0014] The control center is used to perform digital signal processing on the identified electromagnetic radiation signal to obtain an electromagnetic waveform diagram; and to perform comparative analysis on the electromagnetic waveform diagram to determine the degree of rock mass fracture.

[0015] The feedback system is used to determine drilling parameters based on the degree of rock mass fracturing; the degree of rock mass fracturing includes intact, colloidal fracture zone, densely jointed fracture zone, and fault fracture zone; the drilling parameters include drilling pressure parameters and drilling rate parameters.

[0016] The adjustment button is used to adjust the electromagnetic wave frequency of the detected electromagnetic radiation signal in response to button trigger information.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes: an electromagnetic wave frequency remote controller; the electromagnetic wave frequency remote controller includes a main body, a display screen disposed on the main body, a power switch, a gear adjustment button, and a signal transmitting antenna;

[0018] The electromagnetic wave frequency remote controller is used to adjust the electromagnetic wave frequency of the detected electromagnetic radiation signal in response to the trigger information of the gear adjustment button.

[0019] Furthermore, the bearing structure includes a journal, a thrust bearing, rollers, a lock bearing, a main bearing, and a small bearing; the bearing structure is fixedly connected to the drill rod by threads; the drill bit has a roller cone cavity; the bearing structure forms direct line contact with the roller cone cavity of the drill bit through the rollers.

[0020] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention also provide a drilling parameter control method, applied to a rock mass identification drill bit according to a first aspect embodiment of the present invention. The rock mass identification drill bit includes a drill bit and a drill rod, the drill bit being connected to the drill rod via a bearing structure; the drill bit surface has a plurality of teeth spaced apart, and an electromagnetic radiation detection device is provided at the top of the drill bit; a control center and feedback system are provided on the drill rod; a drill bit control device is provided inside the drill rod, and the drill bit control device is connected to the drill bit via the bearing structure; the method includes the following steps:

[0021] The control center and feedback system send adjustment signals to the electromagnetic radiation detection device to adjust the frequency of the electromagnetic waves used to detect electromagnetic radiation signals.

[0022] The electromagnetic radiation detection device emits and receives the electromagnetic radiation identification signal transmitted back.

[0023] The identification electromagnetic radiation signal is analyzed and processed by the control center and feedback system to determine the drilling parameters;

[0024] The drilling process of the drill bit is adjusted by the drill bit control device according to the drilling parameters.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes the following steps:

[0026] The electromagnetic frequency of the detected electromagnetic radiation signal is adjusted by responding to the trigger information of the gear adjustment button via an electromagnetic frequency remote control.

[0027] The electromagnetic wave frequency remote controller includes a main body, a display screen mounted on the main body, a power switch, a gear adjustment button, and a signal transmitting antenna.

[0028] Furthermore, the step of transmitting and receiving the electromagnetic radiation detection signal via the electromagnetic radiation detection device includes:

[0029] The electromagnetic radiation transmitter emits a detection electromagnetic radiation signal at a preset frequency according to the adjustment signal of the control center and feedback system.

[0030] The detection electromagnetic radiation signal is received by an electromagnetic radiation receiver and then returned after propagating through the rock mass as an identification electromagnetic radiation signal; the propagation process includes at least one of signal reflection, scattering, and refraction.

[0031] Furthermore, the step of analyzing and processing the identified electromagnetic radiation signal through the control center and feedback system to determine drilling parameters includes:

[0032] The control center performs digital signal processing on the identified electromagnetic radiation signal to obtain an electromagnetic waveform diagram; and compares and analyzes the electromagnetic waveform diagrams to determine the degree of rock mass fissure.

[0033] The drilling parameters are determined by the feedback system based on the degree of rock mass fracturing; the degree of rock mass fracturing includes intact, colloidal fracture zone, densely jointed fracture zone, and fault fracture zone; the drilling parameters include drilling pressure parameters and drilling rate parameters.

[0034] One or more technical solutions in the above embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages: The embodiments of the present invention adjust the electromagnetic wave frequency of the detected electromagnetic radiation signal through a control center and feedback system, making it applicable to the identification of various rock strata depths; by transmitting and receiving the detected electromagnetic radiation signal through an electromagnetic radiation detection device, rock mass detection can be performed quickly; furthermore, by analyzing and processing the identified electromagnetic radiation signal, drilling parameters are determined, the rock mass is analyzed in real time, and the drilling parameters are adaptively adjusted to improve drilling efficiency; finally, the drilling process of the drill bit is adjusted by the drill bit control device according to the drilling parameters; the present invention integrates rock mass detection and identification, drilling parameter adjustment, and drilling process control, possessing automated, refined, and intelligent characteristics, enabling drilling parameters to adapt to rock mass characteristics in real time. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rock mass identification drill bit according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic radiation detection device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control center and feedback system structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic wave frequency remote controller of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a front view of the bearing structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing structure of the present invention connecting the drill bit and the drill rod.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic flowchart of the drilling parameter control method of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the drilling parameter control method of the present invention.

[0044] As shown in the figure: 100 Drill bit, 101 Teeth, 102 Drill rod, 103 Protective device, 104 Electromagnetic radiation detection device, 105 Control center and feedback system, 106 Control center, 107 Feedback system, 108 Bearing structure, 201 Top plate, 202 Housing, 203 Electromagnetic radiation emitting probe, 204 Electromagnetic radiation receiver, 205 Antenna, 301 Device housing, 302 Device fixing slot, 303 Device fixing screw, 305 Adjustment button, 401 Main structure, 402 Display screen, 403 Switch button, 404 Gear adjustment button, 405 Signal transmitting antenna, 501 Journal, 502 Thrust bearing, 503 Roller, 504 Locking bearing, 505 Main bearing, 506 Small bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will be further explained and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The step numbers in the embodiments of the present invention are only set for ease of explanation and description, and there is no limitation on the order between the steps. The execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0046] This embodiment first describes the specific structure of the rock mass identification drill bit of the present invention as follows:

[0047] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, this invention provides a rock mass identification drill bit, including a drill bit 100, several teeth 101, a drill rod 102, a protective device 103, an electromagnetic radiation detection device 104, a control center and feedback system 105, and a bearing structure 108. The drill bit 100, several teeth 101, drill rod 102, and protective device 103 are made of diamond micron powder and cemented carbide. This material possesses both the hardness and wear resistance of diamond and the strength and impact toughness of cemented carbide, making it an excellent material for both cutting and wear-resistant tools. The protective device 103 includes a top plate and a cylindrical cavity. The top plate is made of polyoxymethylene, and the remaining parts are made of an alloy similar in material to the drill bit.

[0048] The system comprises a drill bit connected to the drill pipe via a bearing structure; a number of teeth are spaced apart on the surface of the drill bit; an electromagnetic radiation detection device is installed at the top of the drill bit; a control center and feedback system are installed on the drill pipe; and a drill bit control device is installed inside the drill pipe, connected to the drill bit via the bearing structure. The electromagnetic radiation detection device is used to emit and receive electromagnetic radiation signals for identification. The control center and feedback system are used to analyze and process the electromagnetic radiation signals to determine drilling parameters and to send adjustment signals to the electromagnetic radiation detection device to adjust the frequency of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the detected signals. The drill bit control device is used to adjust the drilling process of the drill bit according to the drilling parameters. Specifically, it also includes a power module to power the various devices and systems of the rock mass identification drill bit; the power module can be an external power source.

[0049] like Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the drill rod 102 is connected to the drill bit 100 through the bearing structure 108. The bearing structure 108 includes a journal 501, a thrust bearing 502 which plays a fixing role when there is axial force on the shaft, rollers 503, a locking bearing 504 which can improve the service life of the bearing, a main bearing 505 which bears the entire weight of the rotor and the centrifugal force caused by the rotor's mass imbalance, and determines the correct radial position of the rotor in the cylinder, and a small bearing 506. The bearing structure 108 and the drill rod 102 are fixedly connected by threads. The main structure of the bearing structure 108 is located inside the drill bit 100 and forms direct line contact with the inner cavity of the drill bit 100's roller cone through the rollers 503.

[0050] like Figure 1As shown, several teeth 101 are arranged in several rows on the surface of the drill bit 100, meshing with each other to effectively and non-repetitively break the surrounding rock. The control center and feedback system 105 are detachably mounted on the drill rod 102. A protective device 103 is located on the top of the drill bit 100, protecting the electromagnetic radiation detection device 104. This device is also detachable for reuse. The electromagnetic radiation detection device 104 is housed within the protective device 103. The electromagnetic radiation detection device 104 emits electromagnetic waves to the rock ahead and receives the reflected signals. Upon receiving instructions from the feedback system 107, it adjusts the drilling speed and pressure in real time to ensure the drill bit operates with optimal drilling parameters. The electromagnetic radiation detection device is connected to the control center and feedback system; the output of the control center and feedback system is connected to the input of the drill bit control device. Specifically, the electromagnetic radiation detection device is connected to the control center; the output of the control center is connected to the input of the feedback system; and the output of the feedback system is connected to the input of the drill bit control device.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, the electromagnetic radiation detection device 104 includes a top plate 201, a housing 202, an electromagnetic radiation emitting probe 203, and an electromagnetic radiation receiver 204. The electromagnetic radiation detection device 104 is housed within the protective device 103 on top of the drill bit 100. The top plate 201 is made of polyoxymethylene (POM), a material with low dielectric loss, high resistance, high strength, and wear resistance, making it suitable as a window material. The housing 202 is made of a material with similar mechanical properties to the drill bit 100; both provide protection for the electromagnetic radiation detection device 104. The electromagnetic radiation emitting probe 203 and the electromagnetic radiation receiver 204 are housed within the housing 202. The electromagnetic radiation emitting probe 203 converts electrical signals into electromagnetic wave signals, which are emitted from the top and enter the rock ahead. During propagation in the rock medium, when the electromagnetic waves encounter fissures, faults, or fillings in the rock mass, due to the significant difference in dielectric constant between these fissures and the intact rock, the electromagnetic waves are reflected at these interfaces. Electromagnetic radiation receiver 204 receives the reflected electromagnetic radiation signal through antenna 205 and transmits it to control center 106 for analysis and comparison.

[0052] Among them, the electromagnetic radiation transmitting probe is used to transmit a detection electromagnetic radiation signal at a preset frequency according to the adjustment signal of the control center and the feedback system; the electromagnetic radiation receiver is used to receive the identification electromagnetic radiation signal returned after the detection electromagnetic radiation signal propagates through the rock mass; the propagation process includes at least one of the following: signal reflection, scattering and refraction.

[0053] like Figure 3As shown, the control center and feedback system 105 includes a device housing 301, a device fixing groove 302, a device fixing screw 303, an adjustment button 305, a control center 106, and a feedback system 107. The control center and feedback system 105 are slidably connected to the drill rod 102. The adjustment button is mainly used to control the frequency of electromagnetic waves. After receiving the electromagnetic wave signal, the control center analyzes and processes the signal, converting it into a visual waveform, which is then transmitted to the feedback system. The feedback system analyzes the waveform to determine the degree of rock fracture ahead, thereby determining the drilling parameters (including drill pressure parameters and drill speed parameters), and controlling the drill bit control device (including a pressure press for drill pressure regulation; and a rotary press for drill speed regulation; not shown in the figure) to control the drilling process of the drill bit. The device fixing slot 302 is concave, and there is a pair of device fixing slots 302 symmetrically arranged on the drill rod 102. The device housing 301 is detachably and vertically slidably adapted to the device fixing slot 302 and fixed to the device fixing slot 302 by device fixing screws 303. When the drill rod 102 is discarded, the device can be disassembled and reused. The control center 106 and feedback system 107 are located inside the device housing 301. The device housing 301 is made of the same metal as the drill rod 102, which can protect the internal structure. The control center 106 and feedback system 107 are installed inside. The adjustment button 305 is located on the device housing 301. The adjustment button 305 serves the same function as the electromagnetic wave frequency remote control, namely, adjusting the electromagnetic wave frequency. The control center 106 analyzes and processes the signal transmitted from the electromagnetic radiation detection device 104, transforming it into an intuitive electromagnetic wave waveform. Through digital signal processing, including signal analysis, signal processing, computation, and graphic editing, the energy of interference signals is effectively reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the electromagnetic wave signal is improved, and the image becomes easier to identify geological information, clearly reflecting the characteristics of geological structural surfaces. The electromagnetic wave waveform is not displayed; instead, the feedback system analyzes and determines the degree of rock fissure ahead, thereby determining and adjusting the drilling rig parameters. The feedback system 107 compares and analyzes the waveform to obtain the degree of rock fissure ahead, thus determining the optimal drilling parameters for the drill bit. Finally, the drilling rig adjusts the drilling parameters of the drill bit through the drill rod, thereby reducing drill bit wear, improving drilling efficiency, and lowering drilling costs.

[0054] The control center is used to perform digital signal processing on the identified electromagnetic radiation signals to obtain electromagnetic waveform diagrams; it also performs comparative analysis on the electromagnetic waveform diagrams to determine the degree of rock mass fracturing; the feedback system is used to determine drilling parameters based on the degree of rock mass fracturing; the degree of rock mass fracturing includes intact, colloidal fracture zone, densely jointed fracture zone, and fault fracture zone; the drilling parameters include drill pressure parameters and drill speed parameters; and the adjustment button is used to adjust the electromagnetic wave frequency of the detected electromagnetic radiation signals in response to button trigger information.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the intelligent identification drill bit also includes an electromagnetic wave frequency remote controller, a main structure 401 of the electromagnetic wave frequency remote controller, and a display screen 402, a switch button 403, a gear adjustment button 404, and a signal transmitting antenna 405 installed on the main structure 401. The display screen 402 can display the electromagnetic radiation frequency of the current gear and the detectable depth; the gear adjustment button 404 can adjust the electromagnetic wave frequency according to different requirements for the detection depth; and then the signal is transmitted to the electromagnetic radiation detection device 104 through the antenna 405.

[0056] Among them, the electromagnetic wave frequency remote control is used to adjust the electromagnetic wave frequency of the detected electromagnetic radiation signal in response to the trigger information of the gear adjustment button.

[0057] The specific implementation steps of the drilling parameter control method of the present invention are described in detail below. Figure 7 As shown:

[0058] The control center and feedback system send adjustment signals to the electromagnetic radiation detection device to adjust the frequency of the electromagnetic waves used to detect electromagnetic radiation signals.

[0059] The electromagnetic radiation detection device emits and receives the electromagnetic radiation identification signal transmitted back.

[0060] The control center and feedback system analyze and process the identified electromagnetic radiation signals to determine the drilling parameters.

[0061] The drilling process is adjusted by the drill bit control device according to the drilling parameters.

[0062] As a further preferred embodiment, the method also includes the following steps:

[0063] The electromagnetic frequency of the detection electromagnetic radiation signal is adjusted by responding to the trigger information of the gear adjustment button via the electromagnetic frequency remote control.

[0064] The electromagnetic wave frequency remote controller includes a main body, a display screen mounted on the main body, a power switch, a gear adjustment button, and a signal transmitting antenna.

[0065] Further, as a preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic radiation detection device emits a detection electromagnetic radiation signal and receives a returned identification electromagnetic radiation signal, including:

[0066] The electromagnetic radiation transmitter emits a detection electromagnetic radiation signal at a preset frequency based on the adjustment signals from the control center and feedback system.

[0067] The electromagnetic radiation receiver receives the detection electromagnetic radiation signal and the identification electromagnetic radiation signal returned after propagation through the rock mass; the propagation process includes at least one of the following: signal reflection, scattering, and refraction.

[0068] As a further preferred embodiment, the identified electromagnetic radiation signals are analyzed and processed through a control center and feedback system to determine drilling parameters, including:

[0069] The control center performs digital signal processing on the identified electromagnetic radiation signals to obtain electromagnetic waveform diagrams; and compares and analyzes the electromagnetic waveform diagrams to determine the degree of rock mass fissure.

[0070] The drilling parameters are determined by the feedback system based on the degree of rock mass fracturing. The degree of rock mass fracturing includes intact, colloidal fracture zone, densely jointed fracture zone, and fault fracture zone. The drilling parameters include drill pressure parameters and drill rate parameters.

[0071] The drilling parameter control method of the present invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments, such as... Figure 8 As shown:

[0072] Step one: The electromagnetic radiation emitting probe 203 (i.e., the signal transmitting end) emits an electromagnetic radiation signal (which can be amplified by a signal amplifier) ​​into the rock mass ahead. As the electromagnetic wave signal propagates within the rock mass, it undergoes reflection, scattering, and refraction at the junctions of rock layers with different dielectric characteristics, rock fissures, or fissure fillings. Therefore, the signals received by the electromagnetic radiation receiver 204 (i.e., the signal receiving end) differ depending on the degree of fissure in the rock mass. The signal received by the electromagnetic radiation receiver 204 is transmitted to the control center 106 via a wired connection between the electromagnetic radiation detection device 104 and the control center 106.

[0073] Step two: After processing the signal received by the electromagnetic radiation receiver 204, the control center 106 can obtain electromagnetic waves with different waveforms. By analyzing the waveform characteristics such as arrival time, phase, amplitude, and wavelength of the electromagnetic waves, the degree of fracture in the rock mass in front of the drill bit can be obtained. Among them, the dielectric characteristics of the geological body under different conditions have a certain correspondence with the electromagnetic wave image. Based on existing cases in the large database combining engineering sites and indoor tests, corresponding discrimination is made, and the degree of fracture in the surrounding rock is obtained according to the waveform characteristics.

[0074] Step 3: In the feedback system, the optimal drilling parameters of the drill bit are determined based on the different degrees of fracture in the rock mass ahead of the drill bit. Then, the drilling rig controls the drill bit's drilling parameters through the drill pipe to ensure that the drill bit operates under the optimal drilling parameters. The determination of the optimal parameters is mainly based on the database contained in the system. The database contains a large number of cases such as engineering practice and laboratory tests, involving the optimal parameters corresponding to different rock masses. The parameters include drilling pressure and rotation speed, which are adjusted by the drill bit control device (pressure press and rotary press, not shown in the attached figure) in the drill pipe.

[0075] In practical implementation, the electromagnetic radiation detection device 104 can adjust the electromagnetic wave frequency to achieve different detection distances according to different needs. The detection depths corresponding to several commonly used frequencies are: 1000MHz—0.5m, 500MHz—3-5m, 200MHz—3-8m, 100MHz—15m, 50MHz—30m, and 10MHz—50m. Specifically, the electromagnetic wave frequency can be adjusted by adjusting button 305 or by using an electromagnetic wave frequency remote control. The propagation distance of electromagnetic waves in a medium is determined by the frequency; therefore, changing the frequency controls the detection depth.

[0076] Feedback system 107 can determine the degree of damage to the rock mass ahead and whether there is filling material in the rock fracture zone by analyzing factors such as the amplitude, frequency, waveform, and rate of change of the waveform. Based on the waveform image, the rock mass is divided into four levels: intact, gelatinous fracture zone, densely jointed fracture zone, and fault fracture zone. The corresponding waveform image patterns are as follows:

[0077] Complete: The waveform frequency is uniform in the mid-to-high frequency range, the waveform frequency varies little in high and low ranges, the waveform is uniform, and the amplitude is weak.

[0078] Colloidal fragmentation zone: The waveform frequency is uneven mid-frequency, the waveform frequency changes rapidly and has poor regularity, the waveform is disordered, and the amplitude is strong.

[0079] Dense joint and fissure zone: The waveform frequency is uniform in the low to medium frequency range, the waveform frequency changes rapidly and regularly, the waveform is disordered, and the amplitude is strong.

[0080] Fault fracture zone: The waveform frequency is uneven low to mid frequency, the waveform frequency changes drastically with poor regularity, the waveform is chaotic, and the amplitude is strong.

[0081] When the drill bit is facing fractured rock, at a constant rotation speed, drill bit wear increases with increasing drill pressure when drilling the same distance. The drilling speed initially increases and then decreases sharply after exceeding a critical point. Therefore, an optimal drill pressure should be selected by simultaneously considering both drilling speed and drill bit wear. Furthermore, the trends in drilling speed and drill bit wear with varying drill pressure differ depending on the type of rock being excavated, resulting in different optimal drill pressures. However, even with a constant drill pressure, the optimal rotation speed for excavating fractured rock can be determined using the same analytical method.

[0082] When the drill bit is facing intact rock, at a constant rotational speed, if the drill pressure is greater than the optimal drill pressure for fractured conditions, the increasing trend of drilling speed is less than the increasing trend of drill bit wear. Therefore, a lower rotational speed is more suitable. Conversely, if the drill pressure is constant, if the rotational speed is greater than the optimal rotational speed for fractured conditions, the increasing trend of drilling speed is greater than the increasing trend of drill bit wear. Therefore, a higher rotational speed is more suitable. Based on these findings, four parameters are determined: Parameter A: Optimal pressure, suitable rotational speed; Parameter B: Optimal pressure, higher rotational speed; Parameter C: Low pressure, suitable rotational speed; Parameter D: Low pressure, higher rotational speed.

[0083] When the rock mass ahead is a densely jointed and fractured zone, adjust the drilling parameters to parameter A; when the rock mass ahead is a colloidal fractured zone, adjust the drilling parameters to parameter B; when the rock mass ahead is a fault fractured zone, adjust to parameter C; and when the rock mass ahead is intact, adjust to parameter D.

[0084] Specific Implementation Case: Taking a granite tunnel as an example, a drilling test was conducted on granite containing fissures. When the drilling pressure increased from 2.5 MPa to 5 MPa, the drilling rate increased from 1 m / h to 1.95 m / h, and the drill bit wear increased from 1.02 Ct / m to 3.14 Ct / m. Therefore, it can be seen that the optimal drilling pressure for this granite with fissures is around 2.5 MPa. At a drilling pressure of 2.5 MPa, increasing the rotation speed from 400 r / min to 800 r / min increased the drilling rate from 1 m / h to 1.70 m / h, and the drill bit wear increased from 1.02 Ct / m to 2.22 Ct / m. Therefore, the optimal rotation speed is found to be around 400 r / min. The test was then repeated with intact granite, and the optimal drilling pressure for intact granite was found to be 1.9 MPa, and the optimal rotation speed was 600 r / m. Therefore, we can determine the following parameters: Parameter A: drilling pressure 2.5 MPa, rotation speed 400 r / min; Parameter B: drilling pressure 2.5 MPa, rotation speed 600 r / min; Parameter C: drilling pressure 1.9 MPa, rotation speed 400 r / min; Parameter D: drilling pressure 1.9 MPa, rotation speed 600 r / min.

[0085] During the excavation of this tunnel, the degree of cracking in the granite ahead is analyzed by the electromagnetic radiation detection device 104 and the control center 106, and appropriate parameters are selected to ensure that the drill bit can always maintain the optimal drilling parameters.

[0086] In summary, this invention provides a rock mass identification drill bit and a method for controlling drilling parameters. When the drill bit is working, the electromagnetic radiation detection device can acquire the degree of fracture in the rock mass ahead in real time. Through a wired connection with the control center, the acquired rock mass fracture information is transmitted to the control center in real time. Finally, the feedback system adjusts the drill bit to ensure that it operates with optimal drilling parameters. The intelligent system, with its detachable electromagnetic radiation detection device, control center, and feedback system, is reusable, integrating joint detection, adjustment, and control processes. It features automation, precision, and intelligence, ensuring that drilling parameters are always at their optimal state.

[0087] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0088] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0089] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A rock identification drill bit comprising a drill bit and a drill stem, characterized by: The drill bit is connected to the drill rod via a bearing structure; the surface of the drill bit has a number of teeth spaced apart, and an electromagnetic radiation detection device is provided on the top of the drill bit; a control center and feedback system are provided on the drill rod; a drill bit control device is provided inside the drill rod, and the drill bit control device is connected to the drill bit via the bearing structure. The electromagnetic radiation detection device is used to transmit detection electromagnetic radiation signals and receive the transmitted identification electromagnetic radiation signals. The control center and feedback system are used to analyze and process the identified electromagnetic radiation signals to determine drilling parameters; and to send adjustment signals to the electromagnetic radiation detection device to adjust the electromagnetic wave frequency of the detected electromagnetic radiation signals. The drill bit control device is used to adjust the drilling process of the drill bit according to the drilling parameters; The control center and feedback system include a device housing, a device fixing slot, a device fixing screw, an adjustment button, a control center, and a feedback system; the control center and feedback system are slidably connected to the drill pipe; the drill bit control device includes a pressure press for controlling drilling pressure and a rotary machine for controlling drilling speed; the device fixing slot is concave, and there is a pair of device fixing slots symmetrically arranged on the drill pipe; the device housing is detachably and vertically slidably adapted to the device fixing slot and fixed to the device fixing slot by the device fixing screw; the control center and feedback system are located inside the device housing; the adjustment button is located on the device housing; The control center is used to perform digital signal processing on the identified electromagnetic radiation signal to obtain an electromagnetic waveform diagram; and to perform comparative analysis on the electromagnetic waveform diagram to determine the degree of rock mass fracture; wherein the digital signal processing includes signal analysis and processing, signal processing, calculation, and graphic editing. The feedback system is used to determine drilling parameters based on the degree of rock mass fracturing; the degree of rock mass fracturing includes intact, colloidal fracture zone, densely jointed fracture zone, and fault fracture zone; the drilling parameters include drilling pressure parameters and drilling rate parameters. The adjustment button is used to adjust the frequency of the electromagnetic wave of the detected electromagnetic radiation signal in response to the button trigger information.

2. A rock identification drill bit according to claim 1, characterised in that: The electromagnetic radiation detection device is connected to the control center and feedback system; the output of the control center and feedback system is connected to the input of the drill bit control device.

3. A rock identification drill bit according to claim 1, wherein: The drill bit is equipped with a protective device at its top, and the electromagnetic radiation detection device is installed inside the protective device; the electromagnetic radiation detection device includes a top plate, a housing, an electromagnetic radiation transmitting probe, and an electromagnetic radiation receiver; the electromagnetic radiation transmitting probe and the electromagnetic radiation receiver are installed inside the housing; The electromagnetic radiation transmitting probe is used to transmit a detection electromagnetic radiation signal at a preset frequency according to the adjustment signal of the control center and the feedback system. The electromagnetic radiation receiver is used to receive the identification electromagnetic radiation signal returned after the detection electromagnetic radiation signal propagates through the rock mass; the propagation process includes at least one of signal reflection, scattering and refraction.

4. A rock mass identification drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Electromagnetic wave frequency remote control; The electromagnetic wave frequency remote controller includes a main body, a display screen disposed on the main body, a power button, a gear adjustment button, and a signal transmitting antenna; The electromagnetic wave frequency remote controller is used to adjust the electromagnetic wave frequency of the detected electromagnetic radiation signal in response to the trigger information of the gear adjustment button.

5. A rock mass identification drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing structure includes a journal, a thrust bearing, rollers, a lock bearing, a main bearing, and a small bearing; the bearing structure is fixedly connected to the drill rod by threads; the drill bit has a roller cone cavity; the bearing structure forms direct line contact with the roller cone cavity of the drill bit through the rollers.

6. A drilling parameter control method, applied to the rock mass identification drill bit of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The rock mass identification drill bit includes a drill bit and a drill rod, the drill bit being connected to the drill rod via a bearing structure; the drill bit surface has a plurality of teeth spaced apart, and an electromagnetic radiation detection device is provided at the top of the drill bit; a control center and feedback system are provided on the drill rod; a drill bit control device is provided inside the drill rod, and the drill bit control device is connected to the drill bit via the bearing structure; the method includes the following steps: The control center and feedback system send adjustment signals to the electromagnetic radiation detection device to adjust the frequency of the electromagnetic waves used to detect electromagnetic radiation signals. The electromagnetic radiation detection device emits and receives the electromagnetic radiation identification signal transmitted back. The identification electromagnetic radiation signal is analyzed and processed by the control center and feedback system to determine the drilling parameters; The drilling process of the drill bit is adjusted by the drill bit control device according to the drilling parameters.

7. The drilling parameter control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The electromagnetic frequency of the detected electromagnetic radiation signal is adjusted by responding to the trigger information of the gear adjustment button via an electromagnetic frequency remote control. The electromagnetic wave frequency remote controller includes a main body, a display screen mounted on the main body, a power switch, a gear adjustment button, and a signal transmitting antenna.

8. A drilling parameter control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic radiation detection signals via an electromagnetic radiation detection device includes: The electromagnetic radiation transmitter emits a detection electromagnetic radiation signal at a preset frequency according to the adjustment signal of the control center and feedback system. The detection electromagnetic radiation signal is received by an electromagnetic radiation receiver and then returned after propagating through the rock mass as an identification electromagnetic radiation signal; the propagation process includes at least one of signal reflection, scattering, and refraction.

9. A drilling parameter control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process of analyzing and processing the identified electromagnetic radiation signals through the control center and feedback system to determine drilling parameters includes: The control center performs digital signal processing on the identified electromagnetic radiation signal to obtain an electromagnetic waveform diagram; and compares and analyzes the electromagnetic waveform diagrams to determine the degree of rock mass fissure. The drilling parameters are determined by the feedback system based on the degree of rock mass fracturing; the degree of rock mass fracturing includes intact, colloidal fracture zone, densely jointed fracture zone, and fault fracture zone; the drilling parameters include drilling pressure parameters and drilling rate parameters.

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