Obstruction type particle receiver and temperature control method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses an obstruction-type particle receiver, comprising a feed port, a cooler, a multi-stage baffle, a light-transmitting port, a discharge port and a particle temperature dynamic control device. The interior of the receiver box is a particle falling area, and the exterior of the box is a cooling medium channel. The particle temperature dynamic control device comprises a particle flow regulator, a light intensity sensor, a particle curtain transmittance sensor and a temperature sensor. The multi-stage baffle is composed of at least two stages of baffles arranged in a vertical direction, and each stage of baffle is composed of a telescopic baffle, a connecting rod hinge, a baffle, a cooling pipe and a telescopic rod. The baffle is composed of an arc plate, a baffle and a guide member. The present invention is applied to the field of solar high-temperature heat recovery. The particles in the receiver have a long residence time, small particle loss, a stable particle curtain, easy-to-adjust particle flow, and dynamically and accurately controllable particle outlet temperature. It can adapt to different light intensities, and the waste heat of the high-temperature backplane is easy to recover. The overall thermal efficiency is high and the robustness is strong.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a heat collection device, in particular to a particle heat collection device that can be used for solar high-temperature heat recovery, solar heat and power cogeneration, and other high-temperature and high-radiation heat collection processes. Background Art

[0002] The pursuit of renewable energy technologies has become a major focus of current energy development. Solar energy, as a widely distributed, clean, and pollution-free green energy source, has been widely used in power generation. Concentrated solar power (CSP) systems convert concentrated solar radiation into heat energy for a heat transfer fluid (HTF), which drives a power cycle to generate electricity. Solid particles used as the HTF can be heated directly or indirectly to temperatures exceeding 1000°C by concentrated solar radiation. Particle receivers are primarily categorized as direct and indirect. Direct receivers are heat collectors where particles directly absorb solar radiation in an unobstructed environment, while indirect receivers do the opposite. In U.S. Patent Publication No. US10508834B1, particles are evenly distributed at an inlet under the influence of a flow control device. They fall directly to form one or more nonlinear particle curtains, which are heated within a cavity and can be used to heat a secondary fluid. The lower portion of this nonlinear particle curtain is unstable, resulting in severe particle mixing and susceptible to external wind speed. In U.S. Patent Publication No. US201914493B2, particles are periodically collected as they fall into the receiver and released through a flow control device. By periodically capturing and releasing particles, the diffusion of the particle flow is reduced, increasing the opacity of the particle curtain and the absorption of solar energy. This flow-blocking design can easily lead to problems such as high material temperature, difficult processing, and severe wear.

[0003] Therefore, for direct-fall particle receivers, there is an urgent need for a particle baffle and a multi-stage receiver that can prevent the wall temperature from being too high while increasing the particle residence time and radiation energy, so as to solve the current technical deficiencies of direct-fall receivers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and to provide an obstructive particle receiver and a temperature control method thereof.

[0005] Based on the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] An obstructive particle receiver and a temperature control method thereof, comprising a feed inlet, a multi-stage baffle, a cooler, a light-transmitting port, a discharge port, and a particle temperature dynamic control device; the interior of the receiver housing is a particle drop zone, and the exterior of the housing is a cooling medium channel; the particle temperature dynamic control device comprises a particle flow regulator, a light intensity sensor, a particle curtain transmittance sensor, and a temperature sensor; the multi-stage baffle is composed of at least two stages of baffles arranged in a vertical direction, each stage of baffle being composed of a telescopic baffle, a connecting rod hinge, a baffle, a cooling pipe, and a telescopic rod; the telescopic baffle, the connecting rod hinge, and the telescopic rod drive the baffle to move horizontally and change the baffle's inclination angle; the baffle is composed of an arc plate and a baffle member, or an arc plate and a guide member, or a combination of an arc plate, a baffle member, and a guide member.

[0007] Furthermore, the box body is a combination of a square bin and a discharge bin, the feed port is arranged at the top of the box body, the discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the box body, the light-transmitting port is arranged at the front end of the box body, the cooler is arranged at the rear end of the box body, the cooling medium inlet and outlet are respectively located at the top and bottom ends of the rear side of the box body, and the baffle is arranged on the inner wall surface of the rear end of the box body.

[0008] Furthermore, a hinge is provided at the front end of the telescopic baffle, and is connected to the spoiler by an articulated rotation connection or a combination of a pin and an articulated rotation connection; the cooling pipe is connected at the bottom side of the telescopic baffle and the rear side of the spoiler, and the inlet and outlet are fixed at the rear end of the box; the telescopic rod is horizontally arranged between the rear end of the box and the spoiler.

[0009] Furthermore, the number of baffles and the contact area are determined by the temperature rise of the particles, that is, the heat taken away by the cooling pipe in the baffle is less than the heat absorbed by the particles flowing on the baffle due to radiation, causing the particles to be in a temperature rise state.

[0010] Furthermore, the particle flow regulator is arranged at the feed port, the light intensity sensor is arranged at the light transmission port, the particle curtain transmittance sensor is arranged at the rear side of the box, and the temperature sensor is arranged at the discharge port.

[0011] Furthermore, the telescopic baffle and the telescopic rod can be manually or electrically controlled to extend and retract; the spoiler rotation and support structure is a combination structure of a rod, a hinge or a bracket.

[0012] Furthermore, the contact surface between the arc plate and the particles is provided with a flow guide, a flow blocker and a particle deceleration surface, wherein the shape function of the particle deceleration surface is a piecewise polynomial function, and surfaces with different friction coefficients are provided on the particle deceleration surface along the particle flow direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the guide member is a plate assembly formed by splicing and combining one or more flat plates, curved plates, or flat plates and curved plates; the guide members are arranged on the arc plate in sequence from left to right.

[0014] Furthermore, the spoiler is a collection of concave and convex parts formed by splicing and combining one or more planes, curved surfaces, and planes and curved surfaces; the spoilers are arranged on the arc plate from top to bottom, and spoilers with fixed or variable spacing can be arranged on the arc plate to form surfaces with different friction coefficients.

[0015] Furthermore, the medium in the cooler includes various fluid media such as water and air, which have strong thermal conductivity, are easy to prepare, have low flow loss, strong fluidity, and uniform cooling.

[0016] Furthermore, the temperature control method of the receiver is as follows: according to the current light intensity, the initial moment particle inlet mass flow rate, the number of baffles, the horizontal position of the baffle and the rotation angle are set, and the particles pass from the feed port through the multi-stage baffle to the discharge port. When the particle outlet temperature monitored at the discharge port deviates from the expected value, the light intensity is obtained by the light-transmitting port sensor, and the transmittance of the particle curtain is obtained by the sensor at the rear side of the box. The particle mass flow deviation under the current temperature deviation is calculated according to the sensor parameters, and it is fed back to the particle flow regulator and the multi-stage baffle at the feed port. By changing the falling particle inlet mass flow rate, adjusting the number of multi-stage baffles, the horizontal position of the baffle and the rotation angle, dynamic and precise control of the particle outlet temperature is achieved.

[0017] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] 1) Flow control elements are arranged from top to bottom to form a multi-stage drop receiver. After passing through these multiple drop receivers, the particles flow more steadily, forming a more stable segmented particle curtain during the drop process. This segmented particle curtain improves the particles' ability to absorb solar radiation energy and mitigates problems such as particle mixing and particle loss caused by external wind.

[0019] 2) The baffle is equipped with a baffle and a guide. The baffle reduces particle velocity and increases particle residence time, while the guide changes particle trajectory and increases particle residence time on the baffle. The combination of the baffle and guide increases particle heat absorption and temperature, thereby improving receiver efficiency and thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0020] 3) Due to solar radiation and cavity wall radiation, the temperature of the baffle and receiver box backplate is too high. The use of a cooler can effectively prevent the particles from overheating and melting, reduce the material temperature, and prevent thermal denaturation of the material. The working fluid inside the cooler absorbs the waste heat and participates in the subsequent power cycle to generate electricity, effectively improving the light-heat-electricity conversion efficiency.

[0021] 4) When light intensity changes, the telescopic baffle, connecting rod hinge, and telescopic rod drive the baffle to move horizontally and change its tilt angle, increasing particle flow velocity when irradiance is high and decreasing it when irradiance is low. This improves particle flow characteristics and reduces particle collision losses. Removable and replaceable baffles are less expensive and easier to maintain than fixed baffles.

[0022] 5) A dynamic particle temperature control device adjusts the particle mass flow rate based on light intensity and the particle curtain's transmittance, achieving a dynamic equilibrium in particle outlet temperature. This device is adaptable to varying environmental and weather conditions, improving the stability and robustness of the receiver's particle outlet temperature.

[0023] 6) The present invention provides an obstructive particle receiver and a temperature control method thereof, which has a long particle residence time, small particle loss, a stable particle curtain, easy adjustment of particle flow, dynamic and precise control of particle outlet temperature, adaptability to different light intensities, easy recovery of high-temperature backplane waste heat, high overall thermal efficiency, and strong robustness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention

[0025] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention

[0026] Figure 3 The overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention is shown in the rear view.

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3 AA diagram of the vertical section

[0028] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the baffle structure

[0029] Figure 6 Side view of the spoiler structure

[0030] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the partitioning of a spoiler embodiment of the present invention

[0031] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of multiple flow-blocking components of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 A structural diagram of a flow guide embodiment of the present invention

[0033] In the figure: 1 is the discharge port, 2 is the receiver box, 3 is the cooler, 3-1 is the cooling medium inlet pipe, 3-2 is the cooling medium transport pipe, 3-3 is the cooling medium collection pipe, 3-4 is the cooling formula outlet pipe, 4 is the baffle, 4-1 is the telescopic baffle, 4-2 is the connecting rod hinge, 4-3 is the arc plate, 4-3-1 is the falling section, 4-3-2 is the deceleration section, 4-3-3 is the smooth section, 4-4 is the baffle, 4-5 is the cooling pipe, 4-6 is the connecting rod, 4-7 is the telescopic rod, 4-8 is the constraint plate, 4-9 is the guide member, 5 is the light-transmitting port, and 6 is the discharge port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that in a specific embodiment, the receiver includes a feed port 1, a three-stage baffle, a cooler 3, a light-transmitting port 5, a discharge port 6 and a particle temperature dynamic control device. The interior of the receiver box 2 is a particle falling area, and the outside of the box 2 is a cooling medium channel. The box 2 is a combination of a square bin and a discharge bin, the feed port 1 is arranged at the top of the box 2, the discharge port 6 is arranged at the bottom of the box 2, the light-transmitting port 5 is arranged at the front end of the box 2, the cooler 3 is arranged at the rear end of the box 2, and the cooling medium inlet and outlet are respectively located at the top and bottom of the rear side of the box 2. The three-stage baffle is composed of each stage of baffles arranged in a vertical direction and is arranged on the inner wall surface of the rear end of the box 2. The contact area of ​​the baffle is determined by the temperature rise of the particles, that is, the heat taken away by the cooling pipe 4-5 in the baffle 4 is less than the heat absorbed by the particles flowing on the baffle due to radiation, so that the particles are in a temperature rise state.

[0036] Depend on Figure 5 As can be seen, in this specific embodiment, the spoiler is composed of a telescopic baffle 4-1, a connecting rod hinge 4-2, a spoiler, a cooling duct 4-5, and a telescopic rod 4-7. The front end of the telescopic baffle 4-1 is provided with a connecting rod hinge 4-2, which is connected to the spoiler via a hinged rotation. The cooling duct 4-5 connects the bottom side of the telescopic baffle 4-1 with the rear side of the spoiler, with the inlet and outlet fixed to the rear end of the housing 2. The telescopic rod 4-7 is horizontally arranged between the rear end of the housing 2 and the spoiler. The telescopic baffle 4-1, the connecting rod hinge 4-2, and the telescopic rod 4-7 drive the horizontal movement of the spoiler and change the spoiler's tilt angle.

[0037] Depend on Figure 9As can be seen, in a specific embodiment, the contact surface between the arc plate 4-3 and the particles is provided with a flow blocker 4-4 and a particle deceleration surface, wherein the shape function of the particle deceleration surface is a piecewise polynomial function, which receives the falling particles and decelerates their flow on the plate. The flow blocker 4-4 provided on the arc plate 4-3 can be a cylindrical member, a prismatic member, or a curved member, which slows the flow velocity of the particles and increases their residence time. The flow blocker 4-4 can also be a combination of one or more planes, a combination of curved surfaces, or a combination of concave and convex members formed by the splicing of planes and curved surfaces.

[0038] Depend on Figure 8 As can be seen in the specific embodiment, different friction coefficient surfaces are provided on the particle deceleration curved surface along the particle flow direction, namely the 4-3-1 falling section, the 4-3-2 deceleration section, and the 4-3-3 smooth section. In the 4-3-1 falling section, the vertical velocity of the particles is high, and cylindrical baffles 4-4 with smaller spacing are provided, forming a surface with a higher friction coefficient. In the 4-3-2 deceleration section, the horizontal velocity of the particles increases, while the vertical velocity decreases. Cylindrical baffles 4-4 with moderate spacing are provided, forming a surface with a moderate friction coefficient. In the 4-3-3 smooth section, the vertical velocity of the particles is low, and cylindrical baffles 4-4 with larger spacing are provided, forming a surface with a lower friction coefficient. Baffles 4-4 with equal or variable spacing can also be provided on the particle deceleration curved surface along the particle flow direction to form surfaces with different friction coefficients.

[0039] In a specific embodiment, the constraining plate 4-8 and the curved guide 4-9 are fixed to the arc plate 4-3. The curved guide 4-9 extends the particle flow trajectory, thereby increasing the particle residence time. The guide 4-9 can also be a combination of one or more flat plates, curved plates, or a combination of flat plates and curved plates.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, the particle temperature dynamic control device includes a particle flow regulator, a light intensity sensor, a particle curtain transmittance sensor, and a temperature sensor. The particle flow regulator is arranged at the feed port 1, the light intensity sensor is arranged at the light transmission port 5, the particle curtain transmittance sensor is arranged at the rear side of the box 2, and the temperature sensor is arranged at the discharge port 6. When the receiver temperature control device of the present invention is in operation, the number of multi-stage baffles, the horizontal position and rotation angle of the baffle, and the particle inlet mass flow rate are set according to the current light intensity. When the discharge port 2 monitors that the particle outlet temperature deviates from the expected value, the light transmission port 5 sensor obtains the light intensity, and the sensor at the rear side of the box 2 obtains the particle curtain transmittance. The particle mass flow deviation under the current temperature deviation is calculated based on the sensor parameters and fed back to the particle flow regulator and the multi-stage baffle at the feed port 2. By changing the falling particle mass flow rate and particle flow rate, dynamic and precise control of the particle outlet temperature is achieved.

[0041] When the receiver of the present invention is in operation, low-temperature particles enter the receiver housing through the feed port 1, move downward under the action of their own gravity, and during the movement are exposed to sunlight outside the light-transmitting port 5 to increase their temperature. They gradually pass through the multi-stage baffle 4 and are finally discharged from the receiver through the discharge port 6. When the particles pass through the baffle 4, the baffle 4-4 slows down the flow speed of the particles, and the guide 4-9 extends the flow trajectory of the particles, which together increase the residence time of the particles. The low-temperature fluid enters the cooler 3 through the cooling medium inlet pipe 3-1, flows along the cooling medium transport pipe 3-2, flows into the cooling pipe 4-5 in the baffle at the cooling medium collection pipe 3-3, and finally converges and flows out of the cooling medium outlet pipe 3-4.

Claims

1. An obstruction-type particle receiver, comprising a feed port (1), a multi-stage flow blocker, a cooler (3), a light-transmitting port (5), a discharge port (6), and a particle temperature dynamic control device; characterized in that: The interior of the receiver box (2) is a particle falling area, and the exterior of the box (2) is a cooling medium channel; the particle temperature dynamic control device includes a particle flow regulator, a light intensity sensor, a particle curtain transmittance sensor, and a temperature sensor; the multi-stage baffle is composed of at least two stages of baffles (4) arranged in a vertical direction, and each stage of baffle is composed of a telescopic baffle (4-1), a connecting rod hinge (4-2), a baffle, a cooling pipe (4-5), and a telescopic rod (4-7); the telescopic baffle (4-1), the connecting rod hinge (4-2), and the telescopic rod (4-7) drive the baffle to move horizontally and change the baffle's inclination angle; The baffle is composed of an arc plate (4-3) and a baffle (4-4), or an arc plate (4-3) and a flow guide (4-9), or a combination of the arc plate (4-3), the baffle (4-4) and the flow guide (4-9).

2. The obstruction-type particle receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body (2) is a combination of a square bin and a discharge bin, the feed port (1) is arranged at the top end of the box body (2), the discharge port (6) is arranged at the bottom end of the box body (2), the light-transmitting port (5) is arranged at the front end of the box body (2), the cooler (3) is arranged at the rear end of the box body (2), the cooling medium inlet and outlet are respectively located at the top end and the bottom end of the rear side of the box body (2), and the baffle (4) is arranged on the inner wall surface of the rear end of the box body (2).

3. The obstruction-type particle receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hinge is provided at the front end of the telescopic baffle (4-1), and is connected to the spoiler via an articulated rotation connection or a combination of a pin and an articulated rotation connection; a cooling pipe (4-5) is connected between the bottom side of the telescopic baffle (4-1) and the rear side of the spoiler, and an inlet and outlet are fixed at the rear end of the box body (2); and a telescopic rod (4-7) is horizontally arranged between the rear end of the box body (2) and the spoiler.

4. The obstruction-type particle receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of baffles and the contact area are determined by the temperature rise of the particles, that is, the heat taken away by the cooling pipe in the baffle (4) is less than the heat absorbed by the particles flowing on the baffles due to radiation, so that the particles are in a temperature rise state.

5. The obstruction-type particle receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that: A particle flow regulator is provided at the feed port (1), a light intensity sensor is provided at the light transmission port (5), a particle curtain light transmittance sensor is provided at the rear side of the box (2), and a temperature sensor is provided at the discharge port (6).

6. The obstruction-type particle receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic baffle (4-1) and the telescopic rod (4-7) are manually or electrically controlled to extend and retract; the spoiler rotation and support structure is a combined structure of a rod, a hinge or a bracket.

7. The obstruction-type particle receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact surface between the arc plate (4-3) and the particles is provided with a flow guide (4-9), a flow blocker (4-4) and a particle deceleration surface, wherein the shape function of the particle deceleration surface is a piecewise polynomial function, and surfaces with different friction coefficients are provided on the particle deceleration surface along the particle flow direction.

8. The obstruction-type particle receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guides (4-8) are a plate assembly formed by splicing and combining one or more flat plates, curved plates, or flat plates and curved plates; the flow guides are arranged on the arc plates in sequence from left to right.

9. The obstruction-type particle receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spoiler (4-4) is a collection of concave and convex parts formed by splicing and combining one or more planes, curved surfaces, and planes and curved surfaces; the spoilers are arranged on the arc plate from top to bottom, and the spoilers with fixed or variable spacing are arranged on the arc plate to form surfaces with different friction coefficients.

10. A temperature control method for a barrier particle receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the current light intensity, the initial moment particle inlet mass flow rate, the number of baffles, the horizontal position of the baffle and the rotation angle are set, and the particles pass from the feed port (1) through the multi-stage baffle to the discharge port (6). When the discharge port (6) monitors that the particle outlet temperature deviates from the expected value, the light intensity is obtained by the sensor at the light transmission port (5), and the light transmittance of the particle curtain is obtained by the sensor at the rear side of the box (2). The particle mass flow deviation under the current temperature deviation is calculated based on the sensor parameters and fed back to the particle flow regulator and the multi-stage baffle at the feed port (1). By changing the falling particle inlet mass flow rate, adjusting the number of multi-stage baffles, the horizontal position of the baffle and the rotation angle, dynamic and precise control of the particle outlet temperature is achieved.

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