A medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck matching system and its breeding method

Abstract

The present application relates to a medium-speed white-feathered meat duck matching system and its breeding method. It includes the following steps: using Lijia duck, Liancheng white duck and Aobaixing duck as materials to obtain a three-way hybrid population; using the three-way hybrid population as materials, selecting excellent individuals according to growth performance and reproductive performance to form A-series basic groups and B-series basic groups, breeding each strain basic group according to family lineage, and obtaining A-series synthetic system and B-series synthetic system respectively after generations of breeding; using Liancheng white duck as materials, breeding according to family lineage, and obtaining C-series pure line after generations of breeding; using B-series synthetic line as the first paternal parent, C-series pure line as the first maternal parent, and A-series synthetic line as the terminal paternal parent to carry out three-way matching to obtain a medium-speed white-feathered meat duck matching system. The meat duck obtained by this application has obvious advantages, especially low sebum rate, high lean meat rate, small and medium body size, low feed-to-weight ratio, etc., which is more suitable for deep processing of whole ducks and foods such as chilled ducks, and has stronger market competitiveness and application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of poultry breeding, and in particular to a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck matching system and a breeding method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Waterfowl farming is a characteristic industry in my country. my country is a major waterfowl producer, and meat ducks occupy an important position in my country's waterfowl production. At present, the consumption of duck meat products shows diversity and regional characteristics, such as Beijing roast duck, Nanjing salted duck, Hubei sauce-marinated duck, Hunan pressed duck, Cantonese roast duck, etc. As people's living standards continue to improve, the consumption structure of waterfowl products continues to upgrade, and consumers are particularly concerned about the quality and safety of waterfowl products. In the context of limited consumption of live poultry, segmented products and deep-processed products have gradually become a new consumption trend. Therefore, according to the consumption characteristics of residents and the different processing techniques of different duck products, corresponding high-quality meat duck varieties are needed to support.

[0003] At present, the main meat duck breeds on the market are fast-growing large meat ducks. For example, the Beijing duck series bred by Cherry Valley Farm Co., Ltd. in the UK has large body size, fast growth, short feeding cycle and low feeding cost. However, the high fat content and large body size make the meat difficult to "taste" during deep processing, and the meat is also relatively loose and the flavor is not good enough. It is not suitable for the special needs of regional markets such as salted duck, stewed duck, sauced duck and sauce-flavored duck.

[0004] Therefore, breeding a supporting system of small and medium-sized high-quality meat ducks (weighing 1.5-2.0kg) with low sebum content, good meat flavor, high feed conversion rate and high egg production rate, which are suitable for salted duck, braised duck, sauced duck and other foods, is of great significance to promoting the development of my country's meat duck industry. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck system and a breeding method thereof to solve the problem in the related art of lacking a breeding method for small and medium-sized high-quality broiler ducks with low sebum content, good meat flavor, high feed conversion rate and high egg production rate.

[0006] The technical solutions provided by this application are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for breeding a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck system, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Select Lijia duck and Liancheng white duck for hybridization to obtain a binary hybrid population;

[0009] S2: Select the Austrian White Star Duck and the binary hybrid population for hybridization to obtain a ternary hybrid population;

[0010] S3: Using the three-way hybrid population as the material, select excellent individuals according to growth performance to form the A-line basic population, breed according to the family line, and obtain the A-line synthetic line through generations of selection;

[0011] S4: Using the three-way hybrid population as the material, select excellent individuals according to their reproductive performance to form a basic group of the B strain, breed them according to the family line, and obtain the B strain synthetic line through generations of selection;

[0012] S5: Liancheng white ducks were used as materials, bred according to family lines, and after generations of selection, the pure C line was obtained;

[0013] S6: Use the B series synthetic line as the first male parent, the C series pure line as the first female parent, and the A series synthetic line as the terminal male parent to obtain a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck matching line.

[0014] In some embodiments, “S1: selecting Lijia duck and Liancheng white duck for hybridization to obtain a binary hybrid population;

[0015] S2: Selecting the White Star Duck and the binary hybrid population for hybridization to obtain a ternary hybrid population” specifically includes the following steps:

[0016] S1: The Lijia duck was used as the male parent and the Liancheng white duck was used as the female parent for hybridization. The offspring were cross-crossed for three generations to obtain the binary hybrid F4 generation population;

[0017] S2: The Austrian White Star Duck is used as the male parent and the binary hybrid F4 generation group is used as the female parent for hybridization. The offspring are cross-bred for two generations to fix their appearance characteristics and obtain a ternary hybrid F3 generation group.

[0018] In some embodiments, "S3: using the three-way hybrid population as material, selecting excellent individuals according to growth performance to form a basic population of strain A, breeding according to family lines, and obtaining a synthetic strain of strain A through generations of breeding" specifically includes the following steps:

[0019] S301: Using the three-way hybrid population as material, select individuals with the appearance phenotype of "black beak, green feet, white feathers" and large body weight to form 80 A-strain basic groups according to the male-to-female ratio of 1:5, and breed from the group to obtain breeding eggs;

[0020] S302: The eggs are incubated, and after duckling selection, 4-week-old selection, 9-week-old selection, 28-week-old breeding male duck selection, and 43-week-old selection, the top 80 male ducks and the top 400 female ducks in the comprehensive index are selected, and 80 families are formed at a male-female ratio of 1:5. Self-group breeding is carried out to obtain breeding eggs, and the egg-laying performance is observed until 66 weeks;

[0021] S303: Perform multi-generation breeding according to the seed selection method in step S302 to obtain the A series synthetic line.

[0022] In some embodiments, the selection index of the A series synthetic series includes:

[0023] Feather color, beak color, body weight at 9 weeks of age, feed-to-weight ratio at 5-9 weeks of age, and skin fat thickness at 9 weeks of age.

[0024] In some embodiments, "S4: using the three-way hybrid population as material, selecting excellent individuals according to reproductive performance to form a B-line basic population, breeding according to family lines, and obtaining a B-line synthetic line through generations of breeding" specifically includes the following steps:

[0025] S401: Using the three-way hybrid population as the material, select individuals with the appearance phenotype of "black beak, green feet, white feathers", small body weight, and high egg production, and form 80 B-strain basic groups according to the male-to-female ratio of 1:5, and breed from the group to obtain breeding eggs;

[0026] S402: After hatching, the eggs were selected for ducklings, 4-week-old selection, 9-week-old selection, 28-week-old breeding male duck selection, and 43-week-old selection. The top 80 male ducks and top 400 female ducks in the comprehensive index were selected, and 80 families were formed with a male-female ratio of 1:5. Self-group breeding was carried out to obtain breeding eggs, and the egg-laying performance was observed until 66 weeks.

[0027] S403: Perform multi-generation breeding according to the seed selection method of step S402 to obtain the B-seed synthetic line.

[0028] In some embodiments, the selection index of the B series synthetic series includes:

[0029] Feather color, beak color, body weight at 9 weeks, skin fat thickness at 9 weeks, age at first laying, number of eggs laid at 43 weeks.

[0030] In some embodiments, “S5: using Liancheng white duck as material, breeding according to family lineage, and obtaining C-line pure line through generations of selection and breeding” specifically includes:

[0031] S501: Using Liancheng white ducks as materials, 80 C-series basic groups were established with a male-to-female ratio of 1:5, and self-breeding was carried out to obtain breeding eggs;

[0032] S502: After hatching, the eggs were selected for ducklings, 6-week-old selection, 12-week-old selection, 25-week-old breeding male duck selection, and 43-week-old selection. The top 80 male ducks and top 400 female ducks in the comprehensive index were selected, and 80 families were formed with a male-female ratio of 1:5. Self-group breeding was carried out to obtain breeding eggs, and the egg-laying performance was observed until 66 weeks.

[0033] S503: Perform multi-generation breeding according to the seed selection method in step S502 to obtain a pure line of C series.

[0034] In some embodiments, the selection index of the pure line of C series includes:

[0035] Age at first laying, number of eggs laid at 43 weeks, number of eggs laid at 66 weeks.

[0036] In some embodiments, during generational breeding, the number of chicks produced in each generation of each strain is no less than 2,000 male ducks and no less than 2,000 female ducks.

[0037] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck system, which is bred using any of the methods described above.

[0038] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this application include:

[0039] The present application uses Lijia duck, Liancheng white duck and Aobaixing duck as breeding materials, conducts three-way hybridization, and uses the three-way hybrid duck as the basic group to form two specialized strains, one is the first paternal B-series synthetic strain with black beak, white feathers, moderate production speed, low sebum rate and high egg production; the other is the terminal paternal A-series synthetic strain with black beak, white feathers, fast growth rate, low feed-to-weight ratio and low sebum rate; and then uses the Liancheng white duck C-series pure strain with black beak, green feet, white feathers, early laying age and high egg production as the female parent, and in the form of three-series matching, breeds a medium-speed white-feather meat duck matching strain with low sebum rate, good meat flavor, high feed conversion rate and high egg production rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0041] Figure 1 A breeding roadmap for the medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck system provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of hybridization in which steps S3-S7 in Example 1 of the present application are based on the core group of three lines, and hybridization is performed according to the best matching combination to finally obtain a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck matching line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings and embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] refer to Figure 1The present application embodiment provides a method for breeding a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck system, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1: Select Lijia duck and Liancheng white duck for hybridization to obtain a binary hybrid population, specifically:

[0047] S101: The Danish Lijia duck was used as the male parent and the Fujian Liancheng white duck was used as the female parent to obtain the F1 generation;

[0048] S102: Individuals with the traits of "black beak, green feet, and white feathers" are selected from the F1 generation for cross-crossing and fixation to obtain the F2 generation;

[0049] S103: Individuals with the traits of "black beak, green feet, and white feathers" were selected from the F2 generation for cross-crossing fixation to obtain the F3 generation;

[0050] S104: Individuals with the traits of "black beak, green feet, and white feathers" are selected from the F3 generation for cross-crossing fixation to obtain a binary hybrid F4 generation population.

[0051] S2: Select the Austrian White Star Duck and the binary hybrid population for hybridization to obtain a ternary hybrid population, specifically:

[0052] S201: hybridizing the F4 generation population obtained in step S104 as the female parent and the French White Star Duck as the male parent to obtain the F1 generation;

[0053] S202: Select individuals with the traits of "black beak, green feet, and white feathers" from the F1 generation obtained in step S201, perform cross-crossing and fixation, and obtain the F2 generation;

[0054] S203: Individuals with the traits of "black beak, green feet, and white feathers" are selected from the F2 generation obtained in step S202 for cross-crossing and fixation to obtain a three-way hybrid F3 generation population.

[0055] S3: Based on the three-way hybrid population, select excellent individuals according to growth performance to form the A-series basic population, breed according to family lineage, and obtain the A-series synthetic line through generations of selection, specifically:

[0056] S301: Select individuals with “black beaks, green feet, white feathers” and large body weight from the F3 generation population obtained in step S203, form 80 families according to a male-to-female ratio of 1:5, breed according to the families, and obtain breeding eggs;

[0057] S302: Hatching of eggs: Collect hatching eggs according to full-sib families, collect 8-9 days of hatching eggs as a batch, and hatch 2 batches in total; incubate eggs according to family, record the number of hatching eggs, the number of infertile eggs and the number of dead embryo eggs, put them into breeding bags according to the number of female ducks;

[0058] S303: Duckling selection: After hatching, the ducklings are identified by anal pinching, and those ducklings with appearance characteristics that meet the breeding requirements of the breed are selected and numbered. The family number, birth weight, number of hatched ducklings, number of weak ducklings are recorded, and the hatching rate of fertilized eggs and the rate of healthy ducklings of each family are counted. No less than 1,700 healthy female ducklings with appearance characteristics that meet the breeding requirements are selected and retained, and 2 to 3 male ducklings from each full-sib family are retained;

[0059] S304: Selection at 4 weeks of age: Weigh each duck before placing it in individual cages, eliminate weak and underdeveloped individuals and families with high proportions of them, and transfer all male ducks that meet breeding requirements to individual cages; select no less than 1,500 female ducks based on the average weight and target weight and transfer them to individual cages;

[0060] S305: Selection at 9 weeks of age: At 9 weeks of age, the focus is on indicators such as weight, feed-to-weight ratio, and skin fat thickness. Male and female ducks in individual cages are weighed one by one, and the weight mean and coefficient of variation are calculated for male and female ducks, and they are sorted in order of size; at the same time, the feed-to-weight ratio of 5-9 weeks of age is calculated for each duck, and the skin fat thickness of 9-week-old male ducks is measured for each duck; female ducks are first selected based on appearance characteristics, weight mean and target weight, and then no less than 1,000 ducks are selected based on the feed-to-weight ratio of 5-9 weeks of age; male ducks are first selected based on appearance characteristics, weight mean and target weight, and then the comprehensive index method is used based on the feed-to-weight ratio of 5-9 weeks of age and the skin fat thickness of 9 weeks of age, and no less than 120 ducks are selected;

[0061] S306: Selection of 28-week-old male ducks for breeding: The breeding ability of male ducks is measured at 24 to 28 weeks of age, and no less than 90 male ducks that meet the weight standard and have strong breeding ability are selected;

[0062] S307: Selection at 43 weeks of age: Record the individual age of first laying, number of eggs laid at 43 weeks of age and other indicators, eliminate individuals with poor egg-laying performance, and select 400 female ducks from the observation group according to the feed-to-weight ratio of female ducks at 5-9 weeks of age; select 80 male ducks according to the breeding results at 28 weeks of age, build 80 families with a male-to-female ratio of 1:5, breed in the group, obtain breeding eggs, and continue to observe the egg-laying performance of female ducks until 66 weeks of age after breeding;

[0063] S308: With steps S302 to S307 as one generation, closed breeding is performed for 6 generations to obtain the A-series synthetic line. The individuals of this line have black beaks and white feathers, a faster growth rate, a low feed-to-weight ratio, and a low sebum rate.

[0064] S4: Using the three-way hybrid population as the material, select excellent individuals according to their reproductive performance to form a B-line basic population, breed according to the family line, and obtain the B-line synthetic line through generations of breeding, specifically:

[0065] S401: Select individuals with “black beak, green feet, white feathers”, small body weight, and high egg production from the F3 generation population obtained in step S203, form 80 families according to a male-to-female ratio of 1:5, breed according to the families, and obtain breeding eggs;

[0066] S402: Hatching of eggs: Collect hatching eggs according to full-sib families, collect 8-9 days of hatching eggs as a batch, and hatch 2 batches in total. Incubate eggs according to family, record the number of hatching eggs, the number of infertile eggs and the number of dead embryo eggs, transfer them to trays and put them into breeding bags according to the duck numbers;

[0067] S403: Duckling selection: After hatching, the male and female ducks are identified by pinching the anus, and ducklings with appearance characteristics that meet the breeding requirements of the breed are selected. The ducklings are given foot numbers, and the family number, birth weight, number of hatched ducks, number of weak ducklings are recorded. The fertilized egg hatching rate and healthy duckling rate of each family are also counted. No less than 1,700 healthy female ducklings with appearance characteristics that meet the breeding requirements are selected, and 2 to 3 male ducklings from each full-sib family are retained;

[0068] S404: Selection at 4 weeks of age: weigh each duck, eliminate weak and underdeveloped individuals and families with high proportion of them, and transfer all male ducks that meet the requirements into individual cages; select no less than 1,500 female ducks based on the average weight and target weight and transfer them into individual cages;

[0069] S405: Selection at 9 weeks of age: At 9 weeks of age, the focus is on weight and skin fat thickness indicators. The male and female ducks in the individual cages are weighed one by one, and the skin fat thickness of the male ducks is measured one by one, and they are sorted in order of size. No less than 1,000 female ducks are selected based on appearance characteristics, average weight and target weight; male ducks are first selected based on appearance characteristics, average weight and target weight, and then no less than 120 male ducks are selected based on skin fat thickness at 9 weeks of age;

[0070] S406: Selection of 28-week-old male ducks for breeding: The breeding ability of male ducks is measured at 24 to 28 weeks of age, and no less than 90 male ducks that meet the weight standard and have strong breeding ability are selected;

[0071] S407: Selection at 43 weeks of age: record the age of first laying and the number of eggs laid at 43 weeks of age for each individual duck, and calculate the average age of first laying and the number of eggs laid at 43 weeks of age for each family. Use a combination of family selection and individual selection within the family to select the top 80 male ducks and the top 400 female ducks in the comprehensive index from the observation group, and form 80 families at a male-female ratio of 1:5. Breed in the group to obtain breeding eggs. After the breeding is completed, continue to observe the egg-laying performance of the female ducks until 66 weeks of age;

[0072] S408: With steps S402 to S407 as one generation, closed breeding is performed for 6 generations to obtain the B-series synthetic strain, in which individuals have black beaks and white feathers, with moderate production speed, low sebum content, and high egg production.

[0073] S5: Liancheng white ducks are used as materials, and the C-series pure lines are obtained through family breeding and selection for generations. Specifically:

[0074] S501: Based on the Liancheng white duck introduced by Jinchang (Fujian) Livestock Co., Ltd., 80 families were formed according to the male-female ratio of 1:5, and self-breeding was carried out to obtain breeding eggs;

[0075] S502: Hatching of eggs: Collect hatching eggs according to full-sib families, collect 8-9 days of hatching eggs as a batch, and hatch 2 batches in total. Incubate eggs according to family, record the number of hatching eggs, the number of infertile eggs and the number of dead embryo eggs, transfer them to trays and put them into breeding bags according to the duck numbers;

[0076] S503: Duckling selection: After hatching, the male and female ducks are identified by pinching the anus, and ducklings with appearance characteristics that meet the breeding requirements of the breed are selected. The ducklings are given foot numbers, and the family number, birth weight, number of hatched ducks, number of weak ducks, and the hatching rate of fertilized eggs and the rate of healthy ducklings of each family are recorded. No less than 1,800 healthy female ducklings with appearance characteristics that meet the breeding requirements are retained based on the average weight of the whole group, and 6 to 7 male ducklings are selected from each family based on the number of eggs laid by their parents and the average weight;

[0077] S504: Selection at 6 weeks of age: weigh each duck individually, eliminate weak and underdeveloped individuals and families with high proportion of them, and retain no less than 400 male ducks and no less than 1,500 female ducks based on the average weight of the whole flock whose appearance characteristics meet the breeding requirements;

[0078] S505: Selection before cage at 12 weeks of age: weigh each duck, eliminate weak and underdeveloped individuals and families with high proportion of them, retain no less than 120 male ducks and no less than 1,000 female ducks according to the average weight of the whole group whose appearance characteristics meet the breeding requirements, and transfer all of them to individual cages;

[0079] S506: Selection of 25-week-old male ducks for breeding: The breeding ability of male ducks is measured at 24 to 25 weeks of age, and no less than 90 male ducks that meet the weight standard and have strong breeding ability are selected;

[0080] S507: Selection at 43 weeks of age: record the age of first laying and the number of eggs laid at 43 weeks of age for each individual duck, and calculate the average age of first laying and the number of eggs laid at 43 weeks of age for each family. Use a combination of family selection and individual selection within the family to select the top 80 male ducks and the top 400 female ducks in the comprehensive index from the observation group, and form 80 families at a male-female ratio of 1:5. Breed in the group to obtain breeding eggs. After the breeding is completed, continue to observe the egg-laying performance of the female ducks until 66 weeks of age;

[0081] S508: With steps S502 to S507 as one generation, closed breeding is performed for 6 generations to obtain a pure C line, in which the individuals have black beaks, green feet, and white feathers, and they start laying eggs at an early age and lay a large number of eggs.

[0082] S6: Use the B series synthetic line as the first male parent, the C series pure line as the first female parent, and the A series synthetic line as the terminal male parent to obtain a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck matching line.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] According to the test conducted by the Poultry Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center (Yangzhou) of the Ministry of Agriculture, the production performance of the matching system is as follows:

[0085] refer to Figure 2 , the characteristics of the matching parent-generation breeding ducks: the phenotype of the parent-generation female ducks is black-billed, green-footed and white-feathered; production performance: the age of first laying (5% egg production rate) is 112 days, and the average weight of female ducks at the beginning of laying is 1691g; the egg weight at 43 weeks of age is 75.1g, the fertilization rate of breeding eggs at 43 weeks of age is 93.6%, the hatching rate of fertilized eggs is 93%, and the number of eggs laid by female ducks during the feeding period of 17-66 weeks of age is 275.9.

[0086] Characteristics of the commercial ducks of the matching series: The phenotype of commercial ducks is black beak, green feet and white feathers. Production performance: the body weight at 8-9 weeks of age is 1700g-2000g, the average feed-to-weight ratio of males and females at 0-9 weeks of age is 2.98:1, the lean meat rate is 27.5%, the sebum rate is 24.2%, and the survival rate at 9 weeks of age is more than 97%.

[0087] It can be seen that the meat duck breeding method provided in this application has better egg-laying indicators for the parent generation, moderate growth rate for the commercial generation, small to medium size, which meets the relevant market demand, low feed-to-weight ratio, high lean meat rate, low sebum rate, and has better overall economic benefits.

[0088] Example 3

[0089] The production performance comparison test of the medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck system provided in Example 1 of the present application and the traditional broiler duck breeds is shown in Tables 1 to 3.

[0090] Table 1: Comparison of breast muscle quality of different duck breeds at 63 days old

[0091] variety Example 1 Cherry Valley Duck Liancheng White Duck Jingjiang Mallard Shear force N / kg <![CDATA[32.39±9.90 B ]]> <![CDATA[54.54±11.57 A ]]> <![CDATA[35.07±8.54 B ]]> <![CDATA[32.40±15.76 B ]]> Dripping loss rate % <![CDATA[1.75±0.82 C ]]> <![CDATA[3.54±1.12 A ]]> <![CDATA[2.45±1.19 B ]]> <![CDATA[2.23±1.31 BC ]]> Intramuscular fat content% <![CDATA[2.82±0.23 A ]]> <![CDATA[1.94±0.28 B ]]> <![CDATA[1.71±0.17 C ]]> <![CDATA[1.95±0.27 B ]]> Protein content% <![CDATA[20.81±0.21 A ]]> <![CDATA[20.73±0.69 A ]]> <![CDATA[19.13±0.92 B ]]> <![CDATA[20.42±0.54 A ]]> Moisture content% <![CDATA[75.85±0.08 ab ]]> <![CDATA[75.50±0.46 b ]]> <![CDATA[75.75±0.44 ab ]]> <![CDATA[75.97±0.57 a ]]> Taurine / μg / g <![CDATA[1227±25 a ]]> <![CDATA[956.09±172.48 b ]]> <![CDATA[897.37±127.08 b ]]> <![CDATA[901.71±238.93 b ]]> Aspartic acid / μg / g <![CDATA[227.65±14.06 BC ]]> <![CDATA[167.33±20.76 C ]]> <![CDATA[283.76±69.51 AB ]]> <![CDATA[326.46±76.93 A ]]> Isoleucine / μg / g <![CDATA[133.36±5.45 A ]]> <![CDATA[97.95±10.45 B ]]> <![CDATA[135.15±17.08 A ]]> <![CDATA[153.63±31.17 A ]]>

[0092] Note: Data in the same row with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and data with different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences (P<0.01).

[0093] According to Table 1, it can be seen that the commercial ducks provided by the breeding method of the present application have significantly improved meat quality compared with the large-sized Cherry Valley meat ducks of the same age, among which the values ​​of indicators related to meat tenderness such as shear force and drip loss rate are significantly reduced, and the contents of substances reflecting meat flavor such as intramuscular fat and taurine are significantly increased; compared with the small-sized ducks Liancheng White Duck and Jingjiang Mallard, the content of intramuscular fat, taurine and other flavor substances are significantly increased.

[0094] Table 2: Comparison of breast muscle quality of different duck breeds at market age

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] Note: Data in the same row with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and data with different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences (P<0.01).

[0098] According to Table 2, it can be seen that the commercial ducks provided by the breeding method of the present application have significantly improved meat quality compared with the large-sized Cherry Valley meat ducks at different ages on the market, among which the contents of substances reflecting the tenderness and flavor of the meat, such as drip loss, intramuscular fat, taurine, and umami amino acids, are significantly increased; compared with the small-sized Liancheng White Duck and Jingjiang Mallard, the shear force is significantly reduced and the content of flavor amino acids is significantly increased.

[0099] Table 3: Comparison of performance of main duck breeds

[0100]

[0101] According to Table 3, it can be seen that the commercial ducks provided by the breeding method of the present application have the appearance characteristics of black beak, green feet and white feathers, which can be used as a significant mark of high-quality meat ducks; the feed conversion rate is high, the feed-to-weight ratio at 8 weeks of age is less than 2.8:1, and the feed-to-weight ratio at 9 weeks of age is less than 3.0:1; the feeding cycle is 8 to 9 weeks, and the market weight at 8 to 9 weeks of age is 1700g to 2000g. Compared with the large-sized Cherry Valley duck, the meat duck of the present application is of medium to small size, especially suitable for the deep processing of whole ducks such as braised duck, sauce-flavored duck, and sauce-pressed duck, as well as the production of beer duck, braised duck, duck soup and other dishes for family consumption;

[0102] Compared with the local variety Jingjiang Mallard, the commercial duck carcass provided by the present application has no remaining melanin follicles or hair roots, and the carcass is smooth, which meets the market consumption demand and has a greater advantage in feed-to-weight ratio. It can be seen that the breeding method provided by the present application has bred a medium-speed high-quality meat duck with black beak, green feet and white feathers, small to medium size, and better slaughtering, processing and economic performance.

[0103] It should be noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0104] The above description is only a specific implementation of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest range consistent with the principles and novel features applied for herein.

Claims

1. A method for breeding a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck system, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Select Lijia duck and Liancheng white duck for hybridization to obtain a binary hybrid population; S2: Select the Austrian White Star Duck and the binary hybrid population for hybridization to obtain a ternary hybrid population; S3: Using the three-way hybrid population as the material, select excellent individuals according to growth performance to form the A-line basic population, breed according to the family line, and obtain the A-line synthetic line through generations of selection; S4: Using the three-way hybrid population as the material, select excellent individuals according to their reproductive performance to form a basic group of the B strain, breed them according to the family line, and obtain the B strain synthetic line through generations of selection; S5: Liancheng white ducks were used as materials, bred according to family lines, and after generations of selection, the pure C line was obtained; S6: Use the B-series synthetic line as the first male parent, the C-series pure line as the first female parent, and the A-series synthetic line as the terminal male parent to obtain a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck matching line; "S3: Using the three-way hybrid population as material, selecting excellent individuals according to growth performance to form a basic population of the A strain, breeding according to the family lineage, and obtaining the A strain synthetic line through generations of breeding" specifically includes the following steps: S301: Using the three-way hybrid population as material, select individuals with the appearance phenotype of "black beak, green feet, white feathers" and large body weight, and form 80 basic groups of A strains according to the male-female ratio of 1:5, and breed from the group to obtain breeding eggs; S302: The eggs are incubated, and after duckling selection, 4-week-old selection, 9-week-old selection, 28-week-old breeding male duck selection, and 43-week-old selection, the top 80 male ducks and the top 400 female ducks in the comprehensive index are selected, and 80 families are formed at a male-female ratio of 1:

5. Self-group breeding is carried out to obtain breeding eggs, and the egg-laying performance is observed until 66 weeks; S303: Perform multi-generation breeding according to the seed selection method in step S302 to obtain a synthetic line A; The selection criteria for the A-series synthetic line include: feather color, beak color, body weight at 9 weeks, feed-to-weight ratio at 5-9 weeks, and skin fat thickness at 9 weeks; "S4: Using the three-way hybrid population as material, selecting excellent individuals according to reproductive performance to form a B-line basic population, breeding according to family lines, and obtaining a B-line synthetic line through generations of breeding" specifically includes the following steps: S401: Using the three-way hybrid population as material, select individuals with the appearance phenotype of "black beak, green feet, white feathers", small body weight and high egg production, and form 80 B-strain basic groups with a male-to-female ratio of 1:5, and breed from the group to obtain breeding eggs; S402: After hatching, the eggs were selected for ducklings, 4-week-old selection, 9-week-old selection, 28-week-old breeding male duck selection, and 43-week-old selection. The top 80 male ducks and top 400 female ducks in the comprehensive index were selected, and 80 families were formed with a male-female ratio of 1:

5. Self-group breeding was carried out to obtain breeding eggs, and the egg-laying performance was observed until 66 weeks. S403: Perform multi-generation breeding according to the seed selection method in step S402 to obtain a B-seed synthetic line; The selection indicators of the B series synthetic series include: feather color, beak color, body weight at 9 weeks of age, skin fat thickness at 9 weeks of age, age of first laying, and number of eggs laid at 43 weeks of age.

2. The method for breeding a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck system according to claim 1, characterized in that: "S1: Select Lijia duck and Liancheng white duck for hybridization to obtain a binary hybrid population; S2: Selecting the White Star Duck and the binary hybrid population for hybridization to obtain a ternary hybrid population” specifically includes the following steps: S1: The Lijia duck was used as the male parent and the Liancheng white duck was used as the female parent for hybridization. The offspring were cross-crossed for three generations to obtain the binary hybrid F4 generation population; S2: The Austrian White Star Duck is used as the male parent and the binary hybrid F4 generation group is used as the female parent for hybridization. The offspring are cross-bred for two generations to fix their appearance characteristics and obtain a ternary hybrid F3 generation group.

3. The method for breeding a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck system according to claim 1, characterized in that: "S5: Using Liancheng white duck as material, breeding according to family lineage, and selecting and breeding for generations to obtain the pure line of C series" specifically includes: S501: Using Liancheng white ducks as materials, 80 C-series basic groups were established with a male-to-female ratio of 1:5, and self-breeding was carried out to obtain breeding eggs; S502: After hatching, the eggs were selected for ducklings, 6-week-old selection, 12-week-old selection, 25-week-old breeding male duck selection, and 43-week-old selection. The top 80 male ducks and top 400 female ducks in the comprehensive index were selected, and 80 families were formed with a male-female ratio of 1:

5. Self-group breeding was carried out to obtain breeding eggs, and the egg-laying performance was observed until 66 weeks. S503: Perform multi-generation breeding according to the seed selection method in step S502 to obtain a pure line of C series.

4. The method for breeding a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The selection criteria for pure C lines include: Age at first laying, number of eggs laid at 43 weeks, number of eggs laid at 66 weeks.

5. The method for breeding a medium-speed white-feathered broiler duck system according to claim 1, characterized in that: During generational breeding, the number of chicks produced in each generation of each breed must be no less than 2,000 male ducks and no less than 2,000 female ducks.

6. A medium-speed white-feathered duck matching system, characterized in that: The seed is obtained by breeding using the breeding method described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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