Composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in strawberry fields and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field and a preparation method thereof, and the present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural pollution prevention and control. The composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of modified biochar, 50-70 parts of modified zeolite, 10-20 parts of montmorillonite-chitosan complex, 15-25 parts of shiitake mushroom residue enzymatic hydrolysate and 5-10 parts of light calcium. The raw materials of the present invention are easy to obtain, low in cost, safe and environmentally friendly. The phosphorus leaching barrier layer constructed by the present invention can function sustainably for 4-5 years and can effectively prevent and control the risk of phosphorus leaching pollution. After the barrier capacity decreases, combined with deep plowing and land preparation, the barrier layer is fully mixed with the soil, providing beneficial substances to the soil layer, which has a positive effect on improving the soil biological environment. The problem of low phosphorus leaching barrier efficiency and complex raw materials in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural pollution prevention and control, and in particular to a composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Known as the "Queen of Fruits," strawberries are rich in nutrients, including vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin PP, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, carotene, tannic acid, aspartic acid, copper, thiamin, pectin, cellulose, folic acid, iron, calcium, ellagic acid, and anthocyanins. With the rapid development of agriculture, greenhouse strawberry cultivation has become a preferred method of cultivation. This refers to the use of space within greenhouses and greenhouses, utilizing the upper floors for cultivation alongside ground-level cultivation. These methods primarily include shelf-type and column-type cultivation, representing a breakthrough in traditional strawberry cultivation. Strawberries thrive on fertilizers and require nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, magnesium, zinc, iron, and calcium, along with various trace elements, during their growth. Fertilizer requirements vary across different growth stages, with phosphorus required in the early stages, nitrogen in high concentrations in the early and middle stages, and potassium throughout the entire growth period. An adequate supply of soil phosphorus is beneficial for crop growth. However, excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer can lead to phosphorus accumulation in greenhouse strawberry fields and subsequent agricultural losses. It can also increase phosphorus levels in the surrounding environment, most notably exceeding the standard for phosphorus in surrounding water bodies. While recent years have seen increased environmental awareness and investment in phosphorus pollution control, achieving significant results, the excessive amount of overfertilization in the soil makes it impossible to completely eliminate the excess phosphorus in the short term. Therefore, addressing phosphorus leaching from greenhouse strawberry fields requires finding ways to secure phosphorus in the soil, prevent leaching losses to groundwater, and protect groundwater quality. This is crucial for promoting resource efficiency and environmental protection. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in facility strawberry fields and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems of low phosphorus leaching barrier efficiency and complex raw materials in the prior art.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field is provided, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of modified biochar, 50-70 parts of modified zeolite, 10-20 parts of montmorillonite-chitosan complex, 15-25 parts of enzymatic hydrolysate of shiitake mushroom residue and 5-10 parts of light calcium.

[0005] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows:

[0006] Furthermore, the composition includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of modified biochar, 60 parts of modified zeolite, 15 parts of montmorillonite-chitosan complex, 20 parts of shiitake mushroom residue enzymatic hydrolysate and 8 parts of light calcium.

[0007] Furthermore, the modified biochar was prepared by the following method:

[0008] (1) washing rice straw, peanut straw, peanut shells and coconut shells with deionized water, drying and crushing to obtain biomass solids;

[0009] (2) carbonizing the biomass solid obtained in step (1) under an inert gas atmosphere at 400-700° C. to obtain biochar;

[0010] (3) Add the biochar prepared in step (2) to the FeCl3 solution, stir for 10-15 hours, then add the sodium hypochlorite solution and potassium hydroxide solution, stir for 2-3 hours, let stand for 50-60 minutes, then centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain modified biochar.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (1), the powder is crushed to 80-100 mesh.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (1), the mass ratio of rice straw, peanut straw, peanut shell and coconut shell is 2-5:1-3:1-4:1-2.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (2), the temperature is raised to the carbonization temperature at a heating rate of 11-15°C / min.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (2), carbonization is performed for 1-3 hours.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (2), the inert gas is nitrogen.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (3), the concentration of biochar in the FeCl3 solution is 120-150 g / L.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (3), the concentration of the FeCl3 solution is 90-110 g / L, the concentration of the sodium hypochlorite solution is 400-600 g / L, and the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 10-20 mol / L.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (3), the volume ratio of FeCl3 solution, sodium hypochlorite solution and potassium hydroxide solution is 3-4:3-4:1.

[0019] Furthermore, the modified zeolite is prepared by the following method: calcining the zeolite at 500-700° C. for 1-2 hours, then placing it in a CTAB solution, microwave-treating it for 20-30 minutes, washing it, and drying it to obtain the modified zeolite.

[0020] Furthermore, the concentration of the CTAB solution is 0.2-0.5 mol / L.

[0021] Furthermore, the mass volume ratio of zeolite to CTAB solution is 1:70-80 mL.

[0022] Furthermore, the montmorillonite-chitosan composite is prepared by the following method: montmorillonite powder and chitosan are uniformly mixed, water is added to form a suspension, and then irradiated to obtain the montmorillonite-chitosan composite.

[0023] Further, adopt 60 Co-γ rays are used as the irradiation source, with a dose of 4-5kGy / h, and an irradiation of 60-80kGy at room temperature.

[0024] Furthermore, the mass ratio of montmorillonite powder to chitosan is 12-15:1-3.

[0025] Furthermore, the concentration of the suspension is 80-100 g / L.

[0026] Furthermore, the enzymatic hydrolysate of shiitake mushroom residue is prepared by the following method: treating the shiitake mushroom residue under high temperature and high pressure, adding a complex enzyme to perform enzymatic hydrolysis at 50-60° C. for 3-5 hours, and then drying to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysate of shiitake mushroom residue.

[0027] Furthermore, high temperature and high pressure treatment is performed under conditions of 100-110° C. and 0.2-0.5 MPa.

[0028] Furthermore, the complex enzyme is a mixture of fiber bundle enzyme and xylanase.

[0029] Furthermore, in the mushroom residue, the fiber bundle enzyme is 800-1000 U / g, and the xylanase is 1000-1500 U / g.

[0030] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in the above-mentioned strawberry field, comprising the following steps: crushing the enzymatic hydrolyzate of shiitake mushroom residue and light calcium, passing through a 100-200 mesh sieve, and then adding modified biochar, modified zeolite and montmorillonite-chitosan complex, mixing evenly, to prepare the composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in the strawberry field.

[0031] The present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in facility strawberry fields to construct a barrier layer for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in facility strawberry fields.

[0032] The present invention also provides a method for constructing a barrier layer for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field with facilities, comprising the following steps: laying the above-mentioned composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in the strawberry field with facilities at a specified depth in the strawberry field, compacting it, and then covering it with a plow layer of soil, wherein the applied composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in the strawberry field with facilities constitutes a barrier layer for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching.

[0033] Furthermore, the barrier layer in the strawberry field has a depth of 18-22 cm and a thickness of 2-3 cm.

[0034] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The present invention carbonizes common raw materials such as straw to obtain porous and loose biochar, and then loads trivalent iron ions so that the trivalent iron ions are loaded on the interlayer area of ​​the biochar. The trivalent iron ions are then oxidized to hexavalent iron ions by an oxidant under alkaline conditions. The obtained biochar has high adsorption capacity and can absorb phosphorus in the soil. At the same time, it also has the strong oxidizing property of ferrate, which can oxidize toxic and harmful substances in the soil environment.

[0036] Natural zeolite has a hydrated aluminosilicate structure inside, so the zeolite shows negative charge to the outside, and can effectively adsorb phosphorus in the soil. At the same time, the present invention further improves the adsorption of the zeolite by calcining the zeolite and treating it with the organic substance CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), thereby increasing its adsorption capacity for pollutants.

[0037] The present invention uses chitosan to modify montmorillonite, which can effectively improve the specific surface area of ​​montmorillonite, increase the pore volume, and enhance the adsorption capacity. At the same time, the chitosan grafted on the surface of montmorillonite can react with zeolite to obtain a network structure with a larger interception surface, effectively preventing phosphorus leaching.

[0038] The present invention adopts a composite enzyme to enzymatically hydrolyze shiitake mushroom residue, thereby greatly improving the degradation efficiency of shiitake mushroom residue and fully releasing the active ingredients in the shiitake mushroom residue, thereby improving the physical structure of the soil, increasing the air permeability of the soil, and avoiding soil compaction caused by the application of light calcium.

[0039] The application of light calcium can not only alleviate the problem of effective calcium deficiency caused by phosphorus accumulation in greenhouse strawberry fields, but also react with phosphate to form calcium phosphate precipitate, which can be stored in the soil.

[0040] 2. The raw materials of the present invention are readily available, low-cost, safe, and environmentally friendly. The phosphorus leaching barrier constructed by the present invention can function continuously for 4-5 years, effectively preventing and controlling the risk of phosphorus leaching pollution. After the barrier capacity decreases, combined with deep plowing and soil preparation, the barrier layer is thoroughly mixed with the soil, providing beneficial substances to the soil layer, which has a positive effect on improving the soil biological environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the examples, where specific conditions are not specified, conventional conditions or manufacturer-recommended conditions were used. Reagents or instruments used where the manufacturer is not specified are conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] A composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of modified biochar, 60 parts of modified zeolite, 15 parts of montmorillonite-chitosan complex, 20 parts of shiitake mushroom residue enzymatic hydrolysate, and 8 parts of light calcium.

[0044] Modified biochar is prepared by the following method:

[0045] (1) Rice straw, peanut straw, peanut shell, and coconut shell were washed with deionized water at a mass ratio of 3:2:3:1.5, dried, and crushed to 90 mesh to obtain biomass solids;

[0046] (2) heating the biomass solid obtained in step (1) to 600° C. at a heating rate of 13° C. / min in a nitrogen atmosphere and carbonizing the biomass solid for 2 h to obtain biochar;

[0047] (3) The biochar prepared in step (2) was added to a FeCl3 solution (concentration of 100 g / L), the concentration of biochar in the FeCl3 solution was 130 g / L, and stirred for 12 h. Then, a sodium hypochlorite solution (concentration of 500 g / L) and a potassium hydroxide solution (concentration of 15 mol / L) were added, stirred for 2.5 h, allowed to stand for 55 min, and then centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain modified biochar; wherein the volume ratio of the FeCl3 solution, the sodium hypochlorite solution and the potassium hydroxide solution was 3.5:3.5:1.

[0048] The modified zeolite is prepared by the following method:

[0049] The zeolite was calcined at 600°C for 1.5 hours, then placed in a 0.3 mol / L CTAB solution, microwave-treated for 25 minutes, washed, and dried to obtain a modified zeolite; wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the zeolite to the CTAB solution was 1:75 mL.

[0050] Montmorillonite-chitosan composite was prepared by the following method:

[0051] Montmorillonite powder and chitosan were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 13:2, and water was added to prepare a suspension with a concentration of 90 g / L. 60 Co-γ rays were used as the irradiation source, with a dose of 4.5 kGy / h and irradiation of 70 kGy at room temperature to prepare a montmorillonite-chitosan composite.

[0052] The enzymatic hydrolysate of shiitake mushroom residue is prepared by the following method:

[0053] The shiitake mushroom residue was treated at high temperature and high pressure at 105°C and 0.3MPa, and a complex enzyme of fiber bundle enzyme and xylanase was added. The mixture was enzymatically hydrolyzed at 55°C for 4 hours and then dried to obtain a shiitake mushroom residue hydrolysate. The fiber bundle enzyme in the shiitake mushroom residue was 9000U / g and the xylanase was 1200U / g.

[0054] A method for preparing a composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field, comprising the following steps:

[0055] The enzymatic hydrolyzate of shiitake mushroom residue and light calcium are crushed and passed through a 150-mesh sieve, and then modified biochar, modified zeolite and montmorillonite-chitosan complex are added and mixed evenly to prepare a composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in facility strawberry fields.

[0056] A method for constructing a barrier layer to prevent and control phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field, comprising the following steps:

[0057] The above-mentioned composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in the strawberry field is spread on the strawberry field cultivation row at a depth of 20 cm from the ground surface, with a laying thickness of 2 cm, compacted, and then covered with the cultivated layer of soil. The applied composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in the strawberry field constitutes a barrier layer for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching.

[0058] Example 2:

[0059] A composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of modified biochar, 50 parts of modified zeolite, 10 parts of montmorillonite-chitosan complex, 15 parts of shiitake mushroom residue enzymatic hydrolysate, and 5 parts of light calcium.

[0060] Modified biochar is prepared by the following method:

[0061] (1) Rice straw, peanut straw, peanut shell, and coconut shell were washed with deionized water at a mass ratio of 2:1:1:1, dried, and crushed to 80 mesh to obtain biomass solids;

[0062] (2) heating the biomass solid obtained in step (1) to 400° C. at a heating rate of 11° C. / min in a nitrogen atmosphere and carbonizing the biomass solid for 1 h to obtain biochar;

[0063] (3) The biochar prepared in step (2) was added to a FeCl3 solution (concentration of 90 g / L), the concentration of biochar in the FeCl3 solution was 120 g / L, and stirred for 10 h. Then, a sodium hypochlorite solution (concentration of 400 g / L) and a potassium hydroxide solution (concentration of 10 mol / L) were added, stirred for 2 h, allowed to stand for 50 min, and then centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain modified biochar; wherein the volume ratio of the FeCl3 solution, the sodium hypochlorite solution and the potassium hydroxide solution was 3:3:1.

[0064] The modified zeolite is prepared by the following method:

[0065] The zeolite was calcined at 500°C for 1 hour, then placed in a 0.2 mol / L CTAB solution, microwave-treated for 20 minutes, washed, and dried to obtain a modified zeolite; wherein the mass volume ratio of the zeolite to the CTAB solution was 1:70 mL.

[0066] Montmorillonite-chitosan composite was prepared by the following method:

[0067] Montmorillonite powder and chitosan were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 12:1, and water was added to prepare a suspension with a concentration of 80g / L. 60 Co-γ rays were used as the irradiation source, with a dose of 4-5 kGy / h, and irradiated to 60 kGy at room temperature to prepare a montmorillonite-chitosan composite.

[0068] The enzymatic hydrolysate of shiitake mushroom residue is prepared by the following method:

[0069] The shiitake mushroom residue was treated at high temperature and high pressure at 100°C and 0.2MPa, and a complex enzyme of fiber bundle enzyme and xylanase was added. The mixture was enzymatically hydrolyzed at 50°C for 3 hours and then dried to obtain a shiitake mushroom residue hydrolysate. The shiitake mushroom residue contained 800U / g of fiber bundle enzyme and 1000U / g of xylanase.

[0070] A method for preparing a composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field, comprising the following steps:

[0071] The enzymatic hydrolyzate of shiitake mushroom residue and light calcium are crushed and passed through a 100-mesh sieve, and then modified biochar, modified zeolite and montmorillonite-chitosan complex are added and mixed evenly to prepare a composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in facility strawberry fields.

[0072] A method for constructing a barrier layer to prevent and control phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field, comprising the following steps:

[0073] The above-mentioned composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in the strawberry field is spread on the strawberry field cultivation row at a depth of 18 cm from the ground surface, with a thickness of 3 cm, compacted, and then covered with the cultivated layer of soil. The applied composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in the strawberry field constitutes a barrier layer for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching.

[0074] Example 3:

[0075] A composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of modified biochar, 70 parts of modified zeolite, 20 parts of montmorillonite-chitosan complex, 25 parts of shiitake mushroom residue enzymatic hydrolysate, and 10 parts of light calcium.

[0076] Modified biochar is prepared by the following method:

[0077] (1) Rice straw, peanut straw, peanut shell, and coconut shell were washed with deionized water at a mass ratio of 5:3:4:2, dried, and crushed to 100 mesh to obtain biomass solids;

[0078] (2) heating the biomass solid obtained in step (1) to 700° C. at a heating rate of 15° C. / min in a nitrogen atmosphere and carbonizing the biomass solid for 3 h to obtain biochar;

[0079] (3) The biochar prepared in step (2) was added to a FeCl3 solution (concentration of 110 g / L), the concentration of the biochar in the FeCl3 solution was 150 g / L, and the mixture was stirred for 15 h. Then, a sodium hypochlorite solution (concentration of 600 g / L) and a potassium hydroxide solution (concentration of 20 mol / L) were added, and the mixture was stirred for 3 h. The mixture was allowed to stand for 50-60 min, and then centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain modified biochar; wherein the volume ratio of the FeCl3 solution, the sodium hypochlorite solution, and the potassium hydroxide solution was 4:4:1.

[0080] The modified zeolite is prepared by the following method:

[0081] The zeolite was calcined at 700°C for 2 hours, then placed in a 0.5 mol / L CTAB solution, microwave-treated for 30 minutes, washed, and dried to obtain a modified zeolite; wherein the mass volume ratio of the zeolite to the CTAB solution was 1:80 mL.

[0082] Montmorillonite-chitosan composite was prepared by the following method:

[0083] Montmorillonite powder and chitosan were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 15:3, and water was added to prepare a suspension with a concentration of 100 g / L. 60 Co-γ rays were used as the irradiation source, with a dose of 5 kGy / h and 80 kGy irradiation at room temperature to prepare a montmorillonite-chitosan composite.

[0084] The enzymatic hydrolysate of shiitake mushroom residue is prepared by the following method:

[0085] The shiitake mushroom residue was treated at high temperature and high pressure at 110°C and 0.5MPa, and a complex enzyme of fiber bundle enzyme and xylanase was added. The mixture was enzymatically hydrolyzed at 60°C for 5 hours and then dried to obtain a shiitake mushroom residue hydrolysate. The shiitake mushroom residue contained 1000U / g of fiber bundle enzyme and 1500U / g of xylanase.

[0086] A method for preparing a composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field, comprising the following steps:

[0087] The enzymatic hydrolyzate of shiitake mushroom residue and light calcium are crushed and passed through a 200-mesh sieve, and then modified biochar, modified zeolite and montmorillonite-chitosan complex are added and mixed evenly to prepare a composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in facility strawberry fields.

[0088] A method for constructing a barrier layer to prevent and control phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field, comprising the following steps:

[0089] The above-mentioned composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in the strawberry field is spread on the strawberry field cultivation row at a depth of 22 cm from the ground surface with a thickness of 3 cm, compacted, and then covered with the cultivated layer of soil. The applied composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in the strawberry field constitutes a barrier layer for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching.

[0090] Test example

[0091] 1. Using the methods of Examples 1-3, a barrier layer was constructed in the strawberry field to prevent and control phosphorus leaching. A blank control group (i.e., no barrier layer was constructed) was set up to monitor the phosphorus content in the leached water. The total phosphorus content in the leached solution was determined using the potassium persulfate oxidation-molybdenum blue colorimetric method. The strawberries harvested from each strawberry field were weighed, and the cumulative yield was added together to obtain the strawberry yield. The phosphorus content in the mature plants was determined using H2SO4-H2O2 digestion and ammonium molybdate colorimetric method. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0092] Table 1 Effect of the barrier layer of the present invention on phosphorus leaching, yield and plant phosphorus content

[0093] project <![CDATA[Total phosphorus leaching loss kg / hm 2 > <![CDATA[Strawberry yield kg / hm 2 > Example 1 2.34 28054 Example 2 1.95 28012 Example 3 2.42 30414 control group 4.06 27815

[0094] It can be seen from Table 1 that, compared with Comparative Example 1, after constructing a barrier layer to prevent and control phosphorus leaching in the facility strawberry field, the phosphorus leaching loss in the soil can be reduced and the strawberry yield can be increased.

[0095] 2. The methods of Examples 1-3 were used to construct a barrier layer to prevent phosphorus leaching in the strawberry field. A blank control group (i.e., no barrier layer was constructed) was set up to measure the Olsen-P content, fruit calcium content, and navel rot incidence. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0096] Table 2 Effect of the barrier layer of the present invention on the Olsen-P content

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] It can be seen from Table 2 that the method of the present invention can effectively prevent phosphorus leaching.

[0100] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of modified biochar, 50-70 parts of modified zeolite, 10-20 parts of montmorillonite-chitosan complex, 15-25 parts of enzymatic hydrolysate of mushroom residue and 5-10 parts of light calcium; Modified biochar is prepared by the following method: (1) Washing rice straw, peanut straw, peanut shell and coconut shell with deionized water, drying and crushing to obtain biomass solids; (2) carbonizing the biomass solid obtained in step (1) under an inert gas atmosphere at 400-700° C. to obtain biochar; (3) adding the biochar prepared in step (2) to the FeCl3 solution, stirring for 10-15 hours, then adding the sodium hypochlorite solution and the potassium hydroxide solution, stirring for 2-3 hours, standing for 50-60 minutes, and then centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain modified biochar; The modified zeolite is prepared by the following method: calcining the zeolite at 500-700° C. for 1-2 hours, then placing the zeolite in a CTAB solution, microwave-treating the solution for 20-30 minutes, washing the solution, and drying the solution to obtain the modified zeolite; The montmorillonite-chitosan composite is prepared by the following method: montmorillonite powder and chitosan are uniformly mixed, water is added to prepare a suspension, and then irradiation is performed to obtain the montmorillonite-chitosan composite.

2. The composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in facility strawberry fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of modified biochar, 60 parts of modified zeolite, 15 parts of montmorillonite-chitosan complex, 20 parts of shiitake mushroom residue enzymatic hydrolysate and 8 parts of light calcium.

3. The composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The enzymatic hydrolysate of shiitake mushroom residue is prepared by the following method: treating the shiitake mushroom residue with high temperature and high pressure, adding complex enzyme to perform enzymatic hydrolysis at 50-60° C. for 3-5 hours, and then drying to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysate of shiitake mushroom residue.

4. The method for preparing the composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in strawberry fields according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The enzymatic hydrolyzate of shiitake mushroom residue and light calcium are crushed and passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve, and then modified biochar, modified zeolite and montmorillonite-chitosan complex are added and mixed evenly to prepare a composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in facility strawberry fields.

5. Use of the composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in strawberry fields according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in constructing a barrier layer for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in strawberry fields.

6. A method for constructing a barrier layer to prevent and control phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: laying the composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field according to any one of claims 1 to 3 at a specified depth in the strawberry field, compacting it, and then covering it with a plow layer of soil, so that the applied composition for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field forms a barrier layer for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching.

7. The method for constructing a barrier layer for preventing and controlling phosphorus leaching in a strawberry field according to claim 6, characterized in that: The barrier layer in the strawberry field has a depth of 18-22 cm and a thickness of 2-3 cm.

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