A tunnel special anti-wind pressure double-leaf fire door

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of tunnel special wind pressure resistance double-leaf fire door, including door frame and two door leaves, the door leaf is installed in the door frame by hinge, the door leaf is made of multilayer wind pressure resistance structure, and is filled with expanded vermiculite composite fire door core material;The composite fire door core material is made of the following mass ratio components: expanded vermiculite 40-50%, carbon fiber 2-5%, water glass 10-20%, fast hard sulphoaluminate cement 2-5%, nano titanium dioxide 5-10%, polyvinyl alcohol 2-5%, superfine talcum powder 5-10%, cellulose 5-8%, quartz sand 10-20%, silicone resin 2-5%, K2SiF6 2-5%.The wind pressure resistance fire door of the application adsorbs nano titanium dioxide in expanded vermiculite cavity, when on fire, nano titanium dioxide can play the role of ablation resistance, improve the strength of expansion layer, finally form high-temperature ceramic layer to improve the fire resistance limit, which can effectively improve the fireproof effect of tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel fire protection technology, specifically, it relates to a wind-pressure resistant double-leaf fireproof door for tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel fire doors are doors installed between two tunnels, mainly of single and double types. Under previous standards, their primary function was fire prevention and passenger evacuation in emergencies. A key environmental characteristic of tunnels is the significant fluctuation in wind pressure due to vehicle movement, ambient temperature, and humidity, causing constant vibration or shock to the fire doors. In enclosed tunnels, when vehicles travel at 160 km / h, the unidirectional piston pressure experienced by the tunnel's facilities can exceed ±2 kPa. The rapid passage of vehicles creates a corresponding pressure difference within the tunnel, causing the fire doors to vibrate or shock accordingly. Traditionally, fire doors commonly used perlite-based fire-resistant cores; however, this material becomes brittle after drying. This brittleness causes the perlite core to crumble and eventually leak out through gaps, rendering it ineffective. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wind-pressure resistant double-leaf fire door specifically for tunnels, mainly to solve the problem that the core material of existing tunnel fire doors is brittle and powdery, making the fire doors unable to adapt to high wind pressure environments.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A wind-pressure resistant double-leaf fire door for tunnels includes a door frame and two door leaves. The door leaves are installed in the door frame by hinges. The door leaves are composed of a multi-layer wind-pressure resistant structure and filled with expanded vermiculite-based composite fireproof door core material.

[0006] The composite fireproof door core material is composed of the following components in the indicated mass ratios: expanded vermiculite 40-50%, carbon fiber 2-5%, water glass 10-20%, rapid-hardening sulfoaluminate cement 2-5%, nano titanium dioxide 5-10%, polyvinyl alcohol 2-5%, ultrafine talc powder 5-10%, cellulose 5-8%, quartz sand 10-20%, silicone acrylic resin 2-5%, and K2SiF6 2-5%.

[0007] Furthermore, in this invention, the door leaf includes outer steel plate layers on both sides, two inner fireproof layers disposed near the outer steel plate layers on both sides, a pressure-resistant reinforcing layer disposed between the two inner fireproof layers, and a heat insulation layer located between the outer steel plate layers and the inner fireproof layers; the pressure-resistant reinforcing layer includes multiple reinforcing plates, all of which are disposed parallel to each other between the two inner fireproof layers, all of which are arranged in a wavy shape, and reinforcing rods are disposed between the multiple reinforcing plates; wherein, the composite fireproof door core material is filled in the heat insulation layer.

[0008] Furthermore, in this invention, the inner wall of the outer steel plate layer is recessed outward to form a first cavity, and the inner fireproof layer is recessed on the side opposite to the outer steel plate layer toward the compressive strengthening layer to form a second cavity; the first cavity and the second cavity cooperate to form the filling space of the heat insulation layer.

[0009] Furthermore, in this invention, the door frame is installed on the concrete structure of the tunnel through several pre-anchoring structures. The pre-anchoring structure consists of a prestressed pad, a supporting steel pad, and anchor bolts. The supporting steel pad is set on the inner wall of the door frame facing the door leaf. The prestressed pad is arc-shaped and supported on the supporting steel pad. Both the supporting steel pad and the prestressed pad have through holes in their centers for the anchor bolts to pass through. The anchor bolts pass through the prestressed pad and the supporting steel pad to anchor the door frame in the concrete structure of the tunnel.

[0010] Furthermore, in this invention, a limiting groove is provided on the top horizontal section of the door frame, and an L-shaped locking block is provided on the top of the door leaf. The vertical section of the L-shaped locking block is fixed to the door leaf, and after the fire door is closed, the horizontal section of the L-shaped locking block is engaged in the limiting groove.

[0011] Furthermore, in this invention, a first fire-resistant expansion sealing strip is provided at the joint between the door frame and the door leaf.

[0012] Furthermore, in this invention, a second fire-resistant expansion sealing strip is provided at the joint of the door leaf.

[0013] Furthermore, in this invention, the two door panels are provided with multiple layers of door bolt fasteners, and the door panels are sealed by placing the door bolts on the door bolt fasteners.

[0014] Furthermore, in this invention, the method for manufacturing the composite fireproof door core material is as follows:

[0015] A: Preparation of modified nano-titanium dioxide mixture: Weigh an appropriate amount of nano-titanium dioxide and add it to water, stir until it is in suspension, heat it to 70°C, add an appropriate amount of polyvinyl alcohol, stir for 30 minutes, and then obtain a high-temperature mixture.

[0016] B: Preparation of nanocomposite materials by vacuum adsorption method: Add an appropriate amount of expanded vermiculite to a high-temperature mixture, stir for 30 minutes, and then dry; place it in a vacuum drying oven, evacuate the vacuum, and heat at 70°C for 2 hours. After the adsorption is completed, take out the sample to obtain the final nanocomposite material.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The nanocomposite material in this invention adsorbs nano-titanium dioxide in the cavity of expanded vermiculite. When exposed to fire, the nano-titanium dioxide can play a role in resisting ablation and improving the strength of the expanded layer, ultimately forming a heat-resistant high-temperature ceramic layer to improve the fire resistance limit. At the same time, through the reasonable configuration of nano-tourmaline, nano-titanium dioxide, ultrafine talc powder, etc., the strength of the board is improved, and the fireproof, soundproof, and vibration-resistant properties are good.

[0019] (2) The fire door of the present invention is installed by setting a pre-anchor structure to install the door frame of the fire door. When the anchoring structure is installed with the door frame, the prestressed pad is in a prestressed state under the tightening action of the anchor bolts. The stress of the prestressed pad will be transferred to the door frame through the supporting steel pad, so that the door frame is subjected to a distributed pre-pressure action. This can significantly improve the interface peel load between the door frame and the concrete structure, improve the reinforcement efficiency of the door frame and the tunnel concrete structure, and because the prestressed pad can deform elastically, the pre-pressure will not relax when the concrete is heated and deformed, so that the door frame can play a long-term and stable role in reinforcing the tunnel concrete structure, and at the same time, the fire door can resist strong tunnel wind pressure.

[0020] (3) This invention improves the door leaf structure of the fire door by setting the door leaf as a multi-layer structure, using an outer steel plate layer, an inner fireproof layer and a heat insulation layer between them to enhance the fireproof effect of the fire door. Secondly, the overall strength of the fire door is enhanced by a pressure-resistant strengthening layer, so that it can resist strong tunnel wind pressure and reduce the losses caused by tunnel fires.

[0021] (4) The present invention sets a limiting groove on the door frame and an L-shaped locking block on the door leaf. When a fire occurs, the horizontal section of the L-shaped locking block is locked into the limiting groove after the fire door is closed. Combined with the sealing of the first fireproof expansion sealing strip, the fire door will not deform much between the door frame and the door leaf when it is exposed to high temperature, thus improving the overall sealing effect of the fire door. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front structural diagram of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the door leaf in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the compressive strengthening layer in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a partial top view of the door frame and door leaf in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] The names corresponding to the reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows:

[0027] 1-Door frame, 2-Door leaf, 3-Pre-anchor structure, 4-Limiting groove, 5-L-shaped locking block, 6-First fireproof expansion sealing strip, 7-Second fireproof expansion sealing strip, 8-Door bolt overlap buckle, 9-Door bolt, 20-Outer steel plate layer, 21-Inner fireproof layer, 22-Compression-resistant reinforcing layer, 23-Insulation layer, 24-Reinforcing plate, 25-Reinforcing rod, 201-First cavity, 202-Second cavity, 31-Prestressed pad, 32-Supporting steel pad, 33-Anchor bolt, 34-Through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments.

[0029] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention discloses a wind-pressure resistant double-leaf fire door for tunnels, comprising a door frame 1 and two door leaves 2. The door leaves 2 are installed in the door frame 1 by hinges. The door leaves are composed of a multi-layer wind-pressure resistant structure and filled with expanded vermiculite composite fireproof door core material.

[0030] The composite fireproof door core material is composed of the following components in the indicated mass ratios: expanded vermiculite 40-50%, carbon fiber 2-5%, water glass 10-20%, rapid-hardening sulfoaluminate cement 2-5%, nano titanium dioxide 5-10%, polyvinyl alcohol 2-5%, ultrafine talc powder 5-10%, cellulose 5-8%, quartz sand 10-20%, silicone acrylic resin 2-5%, and K2SiF6 2-5%.

[0031] The preparation method of the composite fireproof door core material is as follows:

[0032] A: Preparation of modified nano-titanium dioxide mixture: Weigh an appropriate amount of nano-titanium dioxide and add it to water, stir until it is in suspension, heat it to 70°C, add an appropriate amount of polyvinyl alcohol, stir for 30 minutes, and then obtain a high-temperature mixture.

[0033] B: Preparation of nanocomposite materials by vacuum adsorption method: Add an appropriate amount of expanded vermiculite to a high-temperature mixture, stir for 30 minutes, and then dry; place it in a vacuum drying oven, evacuate the vacuum, and heat at 70°C for 2 hours. After the adsorption is completed, take out the sample to obtain the final nanocomposite material.

[0034] The door frame 1 is installed on the concrete structure of the tunnel via several pre-anchored structures 3. Each pre-anchored structure 3 consists of a prestressed pad 31, a supporting steel pad 32, and anchor bolts 33. The supporting steel pad 32 is located on the inner wall of the door frame 1 facing the door leaf 2. The prestressed pad 31 is arc-shaped and supported on the supporting steel pad 32. Both the supporting steel pad 32 and the prestressed pad 31 have through holes 34 at their centers for the anchor bolts 33 to pass through. The anchor bolts 33 pass through the prestressed pad 31 and the supporting steel pad 32, anchoring the door frame 1 into the concrete structure of the tunnel. When the anchoring structure is installed with the door frame, the prestressed pad is in a prestressed state under the tightening of the anchor bolts. The stress of the prestressed pad is transferred to the door frame through the supporting steel pad, so that the door frame is subjected to a distributed pre-compression. This can significantly improve the interface peel load between the door frame and the concrete structure, improve the reinforcement efficiency of the door frame and the tunnel concrete structure, and because the prestressed pad can deform elastically, the pre-compression will not relax when the concrete is heated and deformed, so that the door frame can play a long-term and stable role in reinforcing the tunnel concrete structure, while enabling the fire door to resist strong tunnel wind pressure.

[0035] In this embodiment, the door leaf 2 is composed of a multi-layered wind pressure resistant structure. The door leaf 2 includes outer steel plate layers 20 on both sides, two inner fireproof layers 21 disposed near the outer steel plate layers 20, a pressure-resistant reinforcing layer 22 disposed between the two inner fireproof layers 21, and a heat insulation layer 23 located between the outer steel plate layers 20 and the inner fireproof layers 21. The pressure-resistant reinforcing layer 22 includes multiple reinforcing plates 24, which are arranged parallel between the two inner fireproof layers 21. The multiple reinforcing plates are arranged in a wavy pattern, and reinforcing rods 25 are disposed between the multiple reinforcing plates 24. The multi-layered door leaf structure enhances the fire resistance of the fire door by utilizing the outer steel plate layers, the inner fireproof layers, and the heat insulation layer between them. Furthermore, the pressure-resistant reinforcing layer enhances the overall strength of the fire door, enabling it to resist strong tunnel wind pressure and reduce losses in the event of a tunnel fire.

[0036] In this embodiment, the inner wall of the outer steel plate layer 20 is recessed outward to form a first cavity 201, and the inner fireproof layer 21 is recessed on the side opposite to the outer steel plate layer 20 towards the compressive strength layer 23 to form a second cavity 202; the first cavity 201 and the second cavity 202 cooperate to form the filling space of the heat insulation layer. The heat insulation material filled in the heat insulation layer is made of perlite, which is expanded to become a lightweight, multifunctional new material. It has the characteristics of low apparent density, low thermal conductivity, good chemical stability, wide applicable temperature range, low moisture absorption, and is non-toxic, odorless, fireproof, and sound-absorbing. The process is simple and convenient for industrial production.

[0037] In another embodiment, a limiting groove 4 is provided on the top horizontal section of the door frame 1, and an L-shaped locking block 5 is provided on the top of the door leaf 2. The vertical section of the L-shaped locking block 5 is fixed to the door leaf 2. After the fire door is closed, the horizontal section of the L-shaped locking block 5 is engaged in the limiting groove 4. Furthermore, a first fire-resistant expansion sealing strip 6 and a second fire-resistant expansion sealing strip 7 are provided at the joint between the door frame 1 and the door leaf 2. In the event of a fire, after the fire door is closed, the horizontal section of the L-shaped locking block is engaged in the limiting groove. When the door frame deforms due to heat, the L-shaped locking block 5 engages and limits the door leaf with the door frame. Combined with the sealing of the first fire-resistant expansion sealing strip, the fire door as a whole will not undergo significant deformation between the door frame and the door leaf when subjected to high temperatures, thus improving the overall sealing effect of the fire door.

[0038] In another embodiment, the two door leaves 2 are provided with multi-layer door bolt fasteners 8, and the door leaves 2 are placed on the door bolt fasteners 8 by door bolts 9 to achieve the sealing of the fire door.

[0039] Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the fire resistance integrity and reliability of the fire door were tested according to the five proportions in Table 1.

[0040] Table 1. Combination Table of Composite Fireproof Door Core Materials

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] The corresponding test results are shown in Table 2:

[0044] Table 2. Test Results of Composite Fireproof Door Core Materials

[0045]

[0046] As shown in Table 2, the nanocomposite material of this invention adsorbs nano-titanium dioxide in the expanded vermiculite cavity. When exposed to fire, the nano-titanium dioxide can exert an ablation resistance effect, improve the strength of the expanded layer, and ultimately form a fire-resistant high-temperature ceramic layer to improve the fire resistance limit. At the same time, through the reasonable configuration of nano-tourmaline, nano-titanium dioxide, ultrafine talc powder, etc., the strength of the board is improved, and the fireproof, sound insulation, and vibration resistance performance are good.

[0047] Through the above design, the wind-pressure resistant fire door of the present invention, under the action of the pre-anchored structure and the door leaf structure, can withstand greater tunnel wind pressure and has good heat resistance, which can effectively improve the fire protection effect of the tunnel and reduce the losses in the event of a tunnel fire. Therefore, the present invention has outstanding substantive features and significant progress.

[0048] The above embodiments are merely one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications or refinements made to the main design concept and spirit of the present invention that are not of substantial significance, but solve the same technical problem as the present invention, should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind-pressure resistant double-leaf fireproof door for tunnels, comprising a door frame (1) and two door leaves (2), wherein the door leaves (2) are installed within the door frame (1) via hinges, characterized in that, The door leaf (2) is composed of a multi-layer wind pressure resistant structure and is filled with expanded vermiculite composite fireproof door core material; The composite fireproof door core material is composed of the following components in the indicated mass ratio: expanded vermiculite 40-50%, carbon fiber 2-5%, water glass 10-20%, rapid-hardening sulfoaluminate cement 2-5%, nano titanium dioxide 5-10%, polyvinyl alcohol 2-5%, ultrafine talc powder 5-10%, cellulose 5-8%, quartz sand 10-20%, silicone acrylic resin 2-5%, and K2SiF6 2-5%. The door leaf (2) includes outer steel plate layers (20) on both sides, two inner fireproof layers (21) near the outer steel plate layers (20), a pressure-resistant reinforcing layer (22) between the two inner fireproof layers (21), and a heat insulation layer (23) between the outer steel plate layers (20) and the inner fireproof layers (21); the pressure-resistant reinforcing layer (22) includes multiple reinforcing plates (24), which are arranged in parallel between the two inner fireproof layers (21), and are arranged in a wavy shape, with reinforcing rods (25) between the multiple reinforcing plates (24); wherein, the composite fireproof door core material is filled in the heat insulation layer (23); A limiting groove (4) is provided on the top horizontal section of the door frame (1), and an L-shaped locking block (5) is provided on the top of the door leaf (2). The vertical section of the L-shaped locking block (5) is fixed to the door leaf (2). After the fire door is closed, the horizontal section of the L-shaped locking block (5) is locked into the limiting groove (4). A first fireproof expansion sealing strip (6) is provided at the joint between the door frame (1) and the door leaf (2).

2. The wind-pressure resistant double-leaf fireproof door for tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the outer steel plate layer (20) is recessed outward to form a first cavity (201), and the inner fireproof layer (21) is recessed on the side opposite to the outer steel plate layer (20) towards the compressive strengthening layer (22) to form a second cavity (202); the first cavity (201) and the second cavity (202) cooperate to form the filling space of the heat insulation layer.

3. A wind-pressure resistant double-leaf fireproof door for tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The door frame (1) is installed on the concrete structure of the tunnel by a number of pre-anchoring structures (3). The pre-anchoring structure (3) consists of a prestressed pad (31), a supporting steel pad (32), and an anchor bolt (33). The supporting steel pad (32) is set on the inner wall of the door frame (1) facing the door leaf (2). The prestressed pad (31) is arc-shaped and supported on the supporting steel pad (32). The supporting steel pad (32) and the prestressed pad (31) are both provided with through holes (34) for the anchor bolt (33) to pass through. The anchor bolt (33) passes through the prestressed pad (31) and the supporting steel pad (32) to anchor the door frame (1) in the concrete structure of the tunnel.

4. A wind-pressure resistant double-leaf fireproof door for tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that, A second fire-resistant expansion sealing strip (7) is provided at the joint of the door leaf (2).

5. A wind-pressure resistant double-leaf fireproof door for tunnels according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The two door leaves (2) are provided with multi-layer door bolt fasteners (8), and the door leaves (2) are placed on the door bolt fasteners (8) by door bolts (9) to achieve the sealing of the fire door.

6. A wind-pressure resistant double-leaf fireproof door for tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The manufacturing method of the composite fireproof door core material is as follows: A: Preparation of modified nano-titanium dioxide mixture: Weigh an appropriate amount of nano-titanium dioxide and add it to water, stir until it is in suspension, heat it to 70°C, add an appropriate amount of polyvinyl alcohol, stir for 30 minutes, and then obtain a high-temperature mixture. B: Preparation of nanocomposite materials by vacuum adsorption method: Add an appropriate amount of expanded vermiculite to a high-temperature mixture, stir for 30 minutes, and then dry. The sample was placed in a vacuum drying oven, a vacuum was drawn, and the sample was heated at 70°C for 2 hours. After the adsorption was completed, the sample was taken out to obtain the final nanocomposite material.

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