An antenna unit, a multi-antenna assembly, and a vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses an antenna unit formed on a PCB substrate, comprising a first branch, a second branch, a third branch, a fourth branch, a fifth branch and a sixth branch with different shapes, the first branch and the second branch are arranged in a first direction of the PCB substrate to form a first branch group, the third branch and the fourth branch are arranged in the first direction to form a second branch group; the first branch group and the second branch group are arranged in a second direction; the fifth branch is connected to the first branch group and the second branch group respectively, and the size of the fifth branch in the first direction is 10mm-15mm; the sixth branch is formed on the PCB substrate and arranged in a third direction with the second branch group. The antenna unit provided by the application is an on-board antenna, has the advantages of low profile and hidden type, and can be flexibly assembled into any space of a vehicle. The application further provides a multi-antenna assembly and a vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle antenna technology, specifically to an antenna unit, a multi-antenna assembly, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the development of mobile communication technology, especially the advent of 5G communication and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology, automobiles are placing increasing emphasis on wireless connectivity. Most vehicle antennas currently used in multi-antenna systems are shark fin antennas. However, because 5G antennas are placed within shark fin antennas on PCB boards, this results in a relatively high shark fin antenna, ranging from 40mm to 60mm in height. Furthermore, the complex antenna structure limits the placement options for shark fin antennas.

[0003] Therefore, existing shark fin antennas suffer from problems such as high antenna height and limited placement due to the installation of vehicle-mounted 5G antennas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of existing shark fin antennas being too high and having limited placement options.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an onboard antenna unit that, by setting a radiator with increased vertical polarization at a low height, makes the antenna profile low and has a concealed feature, so that the vehicle-mounted 5G antenna containing the antenna unit, the multi-antenna assembly containing the vehicle-mounted 5G antenna, and the system can be flexibly installed in various spaces of the vehicle.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of the present invention disclose an antenna unit formed on a PCB substrate. The antenna unit includes a first stub, a second stub, a third stub, a fourth stub, a fifth stub, and a sixth stub with different shapes. The first stub and the second stub are stacked along a first direction of the PCB substrate to form a first stub group, where the first direction is the thickness direction of the PCB substrate. The third stub and the fourth stub are stacked along the first direction to form a second stub group. The first stub group and the second stub group are spaced apart along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. The two ends of the fifth stub are respectively connected to the first stub group and the second stub group, and the dimension of the fifth stub along the first direction is 10mm to 15mm. The sixth stub is formed on the PCB substrate and spaced apart from the second stub group along a third direction, which is perpendicular to both the first and second directions.

[0007] Using the above technical solution, the antenna unit is mounted on the PCB substrate in an on-board manner. While achieving the same communication function as the automotive 5G antenna in the shark fin antenna, it occupies a smaller ground plane structure. The fifth segment of the antenna unit is the tallest, with a height of only 10mm to 15mm, resulting in a maximum antenna unit height of 10mm to 15mm. This gives the antenna unit a low profile height, allowing it to be flexibly placed in any space within the vehicle. In addition, by integrating the nearly hidden vertically polarized radiator (the fifth segment) with the copper-clad metal structure on the PCB substrate (the first, second, third, fourth, and sixth segments), multiple automotive communication antenna operating frequency bands are jointly generated, covering 698–960MHz, 1710–2690MHz, and 3300–5000MHz, achieving a compact on-board multi-mode operation.

[0008] Furthermore, the first branch and the second branch are arranged opposite to each other and are formed on the first side and the second side of the PCB substrate, respectively. The first branch is rectangular, and the second branch includes a first rectangular body and a first protrusion that protrudes along the second direction toward the second branch group and is connected to the first rectangular body. The side of the first protrusion that is arranged along the second direction and away from the edge of the PCB substrate is aligned with the side of the first rectangular body that is arranged along the second direction and away from the edge of the PCB substrate in the second direction. The area of ​​the first branch is smaller than that of the second branch.

[0009] Furthermore, the feed point of the antenna element is located on the second stub.

[0010] Furthermore, the third and fourth branches are arranged opposite to each other and are formed on the first and second sides of the PCB substrate, respectively; the third branch includes a second rectangular body and a second protrusion connected to the second rectangular body and protruding towards the first branch group in a second direction; the fourth branch includes a third rectangular body and a plurality of third protrusions connected to the third rectangular body and protruding towards the first branch group in a second direction, and the area of ​​the third branch is smaller than that of the fourth branch.

[0011] Furthermore, the sixth branch is aligned with the second branch group along a third direction.

[0012] Furthermore, the fifth branch is shaped like a door frame, with its two ends inserted into the first and second branch groups, respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, the first branch group includes a first through hole extending along a first direction, and the second branch group includes a second through hole extending along the first direction; the first branch and the second branch are electrically connected through the first through hole, and the third branch and the fourth branch are electrically connected through the second through hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the antenna unit is located in the clearance area of ​​the PCB substrate.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a multi-antenna assembly, including a PCB substrate and an antenna unit as described above, wherein the antenna unit is formed on the PCB substrate along a first direction, the first direction being the thickness direction of the PCB substrate; the antenna unit includes at least a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit, the first antenna unit extending along a second direction of the PCB substrate, the second antenna unit extending along a third direction of the PCB substrate, the second direction being perpendicular to the third direction, and the first direction being perpendicular to both the second direction and the third direction.

[0016] Using the above technical solution, the multi-antenna assembly composed of the aforementioned antenna elements has a smaller ground plane structure and a lower profile height. Both the first and second antenna elements are monopole antennas, and they are vertically arranged to achieve polarization isolation and field pattern complementarity.

[0017] Furthermore, the length of the PCB substrate in the second direction is 120mm to 140mm, and the length of the PCB substrate in the third direction is 75mm to 100mm.

[0018] Furthermore, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are located diagonally opposite each other on the PCB substrate.

[0019] Using the above technical solution, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit have good isolation.

[0020] Thirdly, the present invention provides a vehicle including the multi-antenna assembly described above.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the multi-antenna assembly has a low profile height, which makes the placement of the multi-antenna assembly on the vehicle unrestricted and can be flexibly placed according to actual needs to meet different user requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 A perspective view of an antenna element according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 2 A three-dimensional view of a multi-antenna assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 3 A three-dimensional view of a multi-antenna assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 ;

[0025] Figure 4 A top view of a multi-antenna assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0026] Figure 5 A bottom view of a multi-antenna assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0027] Figure 6 A front view of a multi-antenna assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0028] Figure 7 A rear view of a multi-antenna assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0029] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates the low-frequency dominant mode current in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This diagram illustrates a high-order mode current diagram in the low-frequency band according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the dominant mode current in the mid-frequency band according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This diagram illustrates a high-order mode current diagram in the mid-frequency band according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 12 This diagram illustrates the high-frequency dominant mode current in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 13 This diagram illustrates a high-order mode current diagram in the high-frequency band according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 14 The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) curve is shown in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 15 The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) curve is shown in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 16 An isolation curve of a multi-antenna assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0038] In the above figures, the component names corresponding to the reference numerals are as follows:

[0039] 1-Antenna element, 11-First branch, 12-Second branch, 12a-First protrusion of the second branch, 12b-Cutout of the second branch, 13-Third branch, 13a-Second protrusion of the third branch, 14-Fourth branch, 14a-Third protrusion of the fourth branch (first part), 14b-Third protrusion of the fourth branch (second part), 14c-Cutout of the fourth branch, 15-Fifth branch, 16-Sixth branch, 1a-First branch group, 1b-Second branch group, 2-PCB substrate, 21-First side of the PCB substrate, 22-Second side of the PCB substrate, 3-Clearance area, 4-Through hole, 41-First through hole, 42-Second through hole, 5-Metal insert through hole, 6-Multi-antenna assembly, 7-Protrusion of the first surface W1 - Length of the fifth branch in the second direction; H1 - Dimension of the fifth branch in the first direction; L1 - Length of the first branch in the third direction; L2 - Length of the second branch in the third direction; L3 - Length of the third branch in the third direction; L4 - Length of the fourth branch in the third direction; L5 - Length of the clearance area in the third direction; K1 - Length of the first branch in the second direction; K2 - Length of the second branch in the second direction; K3 - Length of the third branch in the second direction; K4 - Length of the fourth branch in the second direction; Dx - Distance of the PCB substrate from the first branch group in the second direction; Dy - Distance of the PCB substrate from the first branch group in the third direction; X - First direction; Y - Second direction; Z - Third direction. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of the present invention is presented in conjunction with preferred embodiments, this does not mean that the features of the invention are limited to this embodiment. On the contrary, the purpose of describing the invention in conjunction with embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of the present invention. To provide a deep understanding of the invention, many specific details will be included in the following description. The invention may also be implemented without using these details. Furthermore, to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of the invention, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0041] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0042] The terms “first”, “second”, etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0043] In the description of this embodiment, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment based on the specific circumstances.

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Firstly, reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides an antenna unit 1, which is formed on a PCB substrate 2. The antenna unit 1 includes a first branch 11, a second branch 12, a third branch 13, a fourth branch 14, a fifth branch 15 and a sixth branch 16 with different shapes.

[0046] Continue to refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first branch 11 and the second branch 12 are stacked along the first direction X of the PCB substrate 2 to form a first branch group 1a, where the first direction X is the thickness direction of the PCB substrate 2. The third branch 13 and the fourth branch 14 are stacked along the first direction X to form a second branch group 1b. The first branch group 1a and the second branch group 1b are spaced apart along the second direction Y, where the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X.

[0047] refer to Figure 1 The two ends of the fifth branch 15 are respectively connected to the first branch group 1a and the second branch group 1b, and the dimension H1 of the fifth branch 15 along the first direction X is 10mm to 15mm.

[0048] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The sixth branch 16 is formed on the PCB substrate 2 and is spaced apart from the second branch group 1b along the third direction Z, which is perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Y.

[0049] The antenna element 1 provided by this invention is an onboard 5G antenna. The first branch 11, second branch 12, third branch 13, fourth branch 14, and sixth branch 16 are respectively formed on the first side 21 or the second side 22 of a PCB substrate 2. The highest height in antenna element 1 is the dimension of the fifth branch 15 along the first direction X, which is 10mm to 15mm. In a shark fin antenna, the 5G antenna is housed within the shark fin antenna cavity in the form of a PCB upright. In a multi-antenna system shark fin antenna, the 5G antenna has the highest height, resulting in a cross-sectional height of 40mm to 60mm for the shark fin antenna. Compared to a shark fin antenna, the antenna element 1 provided by this invention has a lower cross-sectional height. The multi-antenna system or component formed by antenna element 1 and other antennas such as V2X antennas and LTE antennas is more flattened, making the placement of the multi-antenna system or component on a vehicle more flexible and offering greater freedom of choice.

[0050] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first branch 11 and the second branch 12 are arranged opposite to each other and are respectively formed on both sides of the PCB substrate. That is, the first branch 11 is formed on the PCB substrate 2 and is located on the first side 21 of the PCB substrate 2; the second branch 12 is formed on the PCB substrate 2 and is located on the second side 22 of the PCB substrate 2, and the first branch 11 and the second branch 12 are stacked.

[0051] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first branch, number 11, is rectangular. (Reference) Figure 2 and Figure 5 The second branch 12 includes a first rectangular body and a first protrusion 12a (e.g., ) connected to the first rectangular body and protruding along the second direction Y toward the second branch group 1b. Figure 2 As shown), the first protrusion 12a is disposed along the second direction Y and is away from the edge of the PCB substrate 2. The first rectangular body is disposed along the second direction Y and is away from the edge of the PCB substrate 2. In other words, the two sides are arranged in a straight line in the second direction Y.

[0052] refer to Figure 1 The area of ​​the first branch 11 is smaller than that of the second branch 12. The entire area of ​​the first branch 11 overlaps with a portion of the area of ​​the second branch 12. Specifically, refer to... Figure 1, the length of the first branch 11 along the third direction Z is L1, the length of the second branch 12 along the third direction Z is L2, and L1 is less than L2. The length of the first branch 11 along the second direction Y is K1, and the lengths of the two ends of the second branch 12 along the second direction Y in the third direction Z are K1 and K2 respectively, and K1 is less than K2. That is, the length of the first rectangular body of the second branch 12 along the second direction Y is K1, and the total length of the first rectangular body and the first convex portion 12a (as shown in Figure 2 shown) connected to the first rectangular body and protruding toward the second branch group 1b along the second direction Y is K2. The area L1*K1 of the first branch 11 is less than the area L2*K2 - (L2 - L1)*(K2 - K1) of the second branch 12.

[0053] In some other possible embodiments, the second branch 12 can be used as the feeding point of the antenna unit 1. For example, signals can be introduced into and exported from the antenna unit 1 through a coaxial cable. Specifically, the core wire of the coaxial cable can be connected to the second branch 12, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable can be connected to the ground copper area on the PCB substrate 2 (for example, the ground copper area near the second branch 12).

[0054] In some other possible embodiments, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the third branch 13 and the fourth branch 14 are disposed opposite to each other and are respectively formed on both sides of the PCB substrate. That is, the third branch 13 is formed on the PCB substrate 2 and is located on the first side 21 of the PCB substrate 2, the fourth branch 14 is provided on the PCB substrate 2 and is located on the second side 22 of the PCB substrate 2, and the third branch 13 and the fourth branch 14 are stacked.

[0055] Referring to Figure 2 and combining with Figure 1 and Figure 4 , the third branch 13 includes a second rectangular body and a second convex portion 13a (as shown in Figure 2 shown) connected to the second rectangular body and protruding toward the first branch group 1a along the second direction Y. The second convex portion 13a is provided at the middle position of the third branch 13 so that the shape of the third branch 13 is in a "convex" shape.

[0056] Referring to Figure 2 and combining with Figure 1 and Figure 5 , the fourth branch 14 includes a third rectangular body and a plurality of third convex portions connected to the third rectangular body and protruding toward the first branch group 1a along the second direction Y, namely the first third convex portion 14a and the second third convex portion 14b (as shown in Figure 2 shown).

[0057] Referring to Figure 2The area of ​​the third branch 13 is smaller than that of the fourth branch 14. The entire area of ​​the third branch 13 overlaps with a portion of the area of ​​the fourth branch 14. Specifically, refer to... Figure 1 The length of the third branch 13 along the third direction Z is L3, and the length of the fourth branch 14 along the third direction Z is L4, where L3 equals L4. The length of the third branch 13 along the second direction Y is K3, and the lengths of the two ends of the fourth branch 14 along the second direction Y along the third direction Z are K4, where K3 is less than K4.

[0058] In this embodiment, the length L2 of the second branch 12 along the third direction Z and the length L3 of the third branch 13 along the third direction Z are equal, that is, L2 = L3.

[0059] The antenna unit 1 provided by the present invention includes a first branch 11, a second branch 12, a third branch 13, and a fourth branch 14 with different shapes. Among them, the first branch 11 and the third branch 13 are copper-clad branches of the PCB substrate 2 on the first side 21 and have different shapes, and the second branch 12 and the fourth branch 14 are copper-clad branches of the PCB substrate 2 on the second side 22 and have different shapes. That is, the shape of the copper-clad branch on the first side 21 is different from the shape of the copper-clad branch on the second side 22. The first side 21 and the second side 22, through the differentiated copper-clad branch structure, are combined with the fifth branch 15 connected to the PCB substrate 2 (or the first branch 11, the second branch 12, the third branch 13, and the fourth branch 14), so that the current flowing through the fifth branch 15 is slightly and differently distributed to different places on the first side 21 and the second side 22 of the PCB substrate 2. The first branch 11, the second branch 12, the third branch 13, the fourth branch 14 and the fifth branch 15 together excite multiple ultra-wideband antenna operating modes that are continuously stacked and converged together, forming the onboard low-profile ultra-wideband antenna element 1.

[0060] In some other possible embodiments, reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The sixth branch 16 and the second branch group 1b are aligned along the third direction Z. Specifically, the sixth branch 16 and the second branch group 1b are both positioned along the second direction Y at the edge of the PCB substrate 2, and are on the same straight line along the third direction Z. The length of the sixth branch 16 along the second direction Y is K6, which is equal to the length K4 of the fourth branch 14 along the second direction Y, i.e., K6 = K4. The sixth branch 16 is a groove structure on the first side 21 of the PCB substrate 2.

[0061] Using the above technical solution, refer to Figure 2The copper plating design points on the first side 21 and the second side 22 of the PCB substrate 2 are specifically the first protrusion 12a of the second branch 12, the third protrusion 14a and the third protrusion 14b of the fourth branch 14, and the protrusion 7 of the first side 21. These protrusions (design points), combined with the parasitic effect generated by the perturbation-based trench structure, disperse the originally single current distribution path into multiple different current path distributions, expanding the bandwidth range limited by a single resonance. The trench structure includes the trench portion 12b of the second branch, the trench portion 14c of the fourth branch, and the sixth branch 16.

[0062] Furthermore, by utilizing the low Q value and bandwidth extension characteristics provided by air, the scheme combining the fifth branch 15 with the onboard copper branch of the PCB substrate 2 can achieve a wider single-mode bandwidth than the traditional single-PCB onboard antenna. The Q value is a key parameter for evaluating inductors; it refers to the ratio of the inductive reactance to the equivalent loss resistance of an inductor operating at a specific frequency under AC voltage. A higher Q value indicates lower losses and higher efficiency.

[0063] In some possible embodiments, the fifth branch 15 is a radiator that increases vertical polarization. The fifth branch 15 is door-frame shaped, with its two ends inserted into the first branch group 1a and the second branch group 1b, respectively. For example, refer to... Figure 1 The fifth branch, number 15, is a metal insert, shaped like a door frame. This metal insert increases vertical polarization.

[0064] Accordingly, the PCB substrate 2, the first branch group 1a, and the second branch group 1b are all provided with metal insert through holes 5 along the first direction X. The metal insert through holes 5 are used to place metal inserts. Specifically, the metal inserts are provided with a first side and a second side along the second direction Y, which are capable of being inserted into the metal insert through holes 5 to connect with the first branch group 1a and the second branch group 1b. The first side and the second side extend along the first direction X. The first side and the second side are connected by a connecting edge, which extends along the second direction Y. The dimension H1 of the metal insert along the first direction X is 10mm to 15mm.

[0065] In antenna unit 1, the length H1 of the metal insert (fifth branch) along the first direction X determines the height of antenna unit 1, so that the size of antenna unit 1 along the first direction X is 10mm to 15mm. Antenna unit 1 has a low profile height and can be flexibly placed in various spaces of the car.

[0066] In this embodiment, reference Figure 1Both the first branch group 1a and the second branch group 1b are provided with through holes 4. The first branch group 1a includes a first through hole 41 extending along the first direction X, and the second branch group 1b includes a second through hole 42 extending along the first direction X; the first branch 11 and the second branch 12 are electrically connected through the first through hole 41, and the third branch 13 and the fourth branch 14 are electrically connected through the second through hole 42.

[0067] In some possible embodiments, reference Figure 5 The first through hole 41 and the second through hole 42 are respectively 5mm to 8mm away from the metal plug-in through hole 5 provided on the first stub group 1a and the second stub group 1b along the second direction Y. That is, the closest distance between the through hole 4 and the metal plug-in through hole 5 is 5mm to 8mm, so that the pulse signal can be transmitted to the destination with minimal loss, allowing signals above the cutoff frequency to pass through, while signals below the cutoff frequency are blocked or attenuated, so as to optimize the performance of the antenna element 1.

[0068] In some other possible embodiments, reference is made to Figure 1 Antenna element 1 is located in the clearance area 3 of PCB substrate 2, so that antenna element 1 is less affected by electromagnetic interference. The length of clearance area 3 in the third direction Z is L5, which is greater than the length L2 of the first stub group 1a and the length L4 of the second stub group 1b.

[0069] The antenna element 1 provided by this invention consists of copper-clad stubs (first stub 11, second stub 12, third stub 13, fourth stub 14, and sixth stub 16), a metal insert (fifth stub 15), and a clearance area 3. It has a minimalist structure, a low profile height, and provides an extended broadband coverage of the frequency bands 698–960 MHz, 1710–2690 MHz, and 3300–5000 MHz. Specifically, 698–960 MHz is the low-frequency band; 1710–2690 MHz is the mid-frequency band; and 3300–5000 MHz is the high-frequency band.

[0070] refer to Figures 8 to 13 and combined Figure 1 The current diagrams for the primary and higher-order modes at different frequency bands are shown. The current path corresponding to each operating mode consists of the length W1 of the fifth branch 15 (metal insert) along the second direction Y, the length H1 along the first direction X, the length of the copper-clad branch on the first side 21 (i.e., L2 or L3), the third protrusion 14a and the second protrusion 14b on the fourth branch 14, the clearance area 3 of the PCB substrate 2 at a distance Dx from the first branch group 1a in the second direction Y, and the clearance area 3 of the PCB substrate 2 at a distance Dy from the first branch group 1a in the third direction Z, and the edge of the onboard ground structure (e.g., ...). Figure 2 The sixth branch 16 shown in the figure and the protrusion 7 on the first side together constitute the structure.

[0071] Each operating mode has a unique current distribution and current direction, for example, Figure 8 The main mode current diagram in the low-frequency band is shown. Figure 9 The high-order mode current diagram in the low-frequency band is shown; Figure 10 The diagram shows the dominant mode current in the mid-frequency band. Figure 11 The high-order mode current diagram in the mid-frequency band is shown; Figure 12 The dominant mode current diagram in the high-frequency band is shown. Figure 13 The high-frequency band high-order mode current diagram is shown. The bandwidth-widened single operating mode is further superimposed with the high-order mode, and the multi-order operating modes excited by antenna element 1 are integrated with each other, realizing the common stacking of the main mode and many high-order modes, thereby forming an ultra-wide operating bandwidth.

[0072] Figures 14 to 15 The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of antenna element 1 is shown. For example, refer to... Figure 14 The vertical axis represents SWR (Standing Wave Ratio), and the horizontal axis represents frequency. The first marker indicates a SWR of 3.78 at a frequency of 698MHz; the second marker indicates a SWR of 3.15 at a frequency of 960MHz; the third marker indicates a SWR of 1.19 at a frequency of 1710MHz; the fourth marker indicates a SWR of 1.63 at a frequency of 2690MHz; the fifth marker indicates a SWR of 1.52 at a frequency of 3300MHz; and the sixth marker indicates a SWR of approximately 2 at a frequency of 5000MHz.

[0073] Combination Figure 14 The six markers indicate that when the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the port is below 5, it is in the low-frequency band, i.e., 698–960 MHz; when the VSWR is below 3, it is in the mid-frequency band, i.e., 1710–2690 MHz; and when the VSWR is below 3, it is in the high-frequency band, i.e., 3300–5000 MHz.

[0074] Secondly, refer to Figure 2 and combined Figures 3 to 7 The present invention provides a multi-antenna assembly 6, including a PCB substrate 2 and an antenna unit 1 as described above, wherein the antenna unit 1 is formed on the PCB substrate 2 along a first direction X, and the first direction X is the thickness direction of the PCB substrate 2.

[0075] Antenna element 1 includes at least a first antenna element and a second antenna element, which have identical structures. The first antenna element extends along the second direction Y of the PCB substrate 2, and the second antenna element extends along the third direction Z of the PCB substrate 2. The second direction Y is perpendicular to the third direction Z, and the first direction X is perpendicular to both the second direction Y and the third direction Z. Both the first antenna element and the second antenna element are monopole antennas. The first antenna element is perpendicular to the second antenna element, enabling the monopole antenna to receive incoming signals in both the horizontal and vertical directions, achieving complementary field patterns. Furthermore, the first and second antenna elements are placed perpendicularly, ensuring that their polarization directions are perpendicular, thus achieving high isolation.

[0076] refer to Figure 2 and combined Figures 3 to 7 The length of PCB substrate 2 in the second direction Y is 120mm to 140mm, and the length of PCB substrate 2 in the third direction Z is 75mm to 100mm. In this embodiment, the first antenna element and the second antenna element are located diagonally opposite each other on PCB substrate 2, so that the isolation between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is -13dB to -10dB, reducing mutual interference.

[0077] Preferably, the PCB substrate 2 has a length of 100mm*140mm, and the antenna units 1 are respectively disposed on the edges of the PCB substrate 2, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are respectively arranged diagonally on the PCB substrate 2, so that the two antenna units can obtain a sufficiently high degree of isolation, especially the isolation in the low frequency band 698~960MHz can reach below -10dB.

[0078] For example, such as Figure 16 As shown, the isolation between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is below -10dB. Specifically, the first marker indicates an isolation of approximately -18dB at a frequency of 698MHz; the second marker indicates an isolation of -17.66dB at a frequency of 960MHz; the third marker indicates an isolation of approximately -19.28dB at a frequency of 1710MHz; the fourth marker indicates an isolation of approximately -30.75dB at a frequency of 2690MHz; the fifth marker indicates an isolation of approximately -42.37dB at a frequency of 3300MHz; and the sixth marker indicates an isolation of approximately -43.58dB at a frequency of 5000MHz.

[0079] In some possible embodiments, the multi-antenna assembly 6, in addition to including a 5G communication antenna, also integrates a V2X communication band covering the 5850–5920 MHz frequency band to optimize the performance of the multi-antenna assembly 6. Furthermore, the antenna element 1 reduces the profile height of the multi-antenna assembly 6, allowing for flexible placement on a vehicle regardless of profile height limitations.

[0080] Thirdly, the present invention discloses an automobile, which includes the multi-antenna assembly 6 as described above.

[0081] By adopting the above technical solution, a multi-antenna assembly 6 with a low profile height is used in automobiles, allowing for flexible and unrestricted placement of the multi-antenna assembly 6. The multi-antenna assembly 6 not only features a compact antenna layout and low profile height but also achieves high low-frequency isolation, while meeting the application requirements of various multi-antenna, multi-band automotive communication systems.

[0082] While the present invention has been illustrated and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the above description is a further detailed explanation of the invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and should not be construed as limiting the specific implementation of the invention to these descriptions. Various changes in form and detail can be made by those skilled in the art, including several simple deductions or substitutions, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An antenna element, characterized in that, The antenna element is formed on a PCB substrate, and the antenna element includes a first stub, a second stub, a third stub, a fourth stub, a fifth stub, and a sixth stub with different shapes. The first branch and the second branch are stacked along a first direction of the PCB substrate to form a first branch group, where the first direction is the thickness direction of the PCB substrate. The third branch and the fourth branch are stacked along the first direction to form a second branch group. The first branch group and the second branch group are spaced apart along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction; The two ends of the fifth stub are respectively connected to the first stub group and the second stub group, and the highest height of the antenna element is the size of the fifth stub along the first direction, and the size is 10mm to 15mm; The sixth branch is formed on the PCB substrate and is spaced apart from the second branch group along a third direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.

2. The antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first branch and the second branch are arranged opposite to each other and are formed on the first side and the second side of the PCB substrate, respectively. The first branch is rectangular and the second branch includes a first rectangular body and a first protrusion that protrudes along the second direction toward the second branch group and is connected to the first rectangular body. The side of the first protrusion that is arranged along the second direction and away from the edge of the PCB substrate is aligned with the side of the first rectangular body that is arranged along the second direction and away from the edge of the PCB substrate in the second direction. The area of ​​the first branch is smaller than that of the second branch.

3. The antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The feed point of the antenna element is located on the second branch.

4. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third branch and the fourth branch are arranged opposite to each other and are respectively formed on the first side and the second side of the PCB substrate; the third branch includes a second rectangular body and a second protrusion connected to the second rectangular body and protruding toward the first branch group along the second direction; The fourth branch includes a third rectangular body and a plurality of third protrusions connected to the third rectangular body and protruding toward the first branch group along the second direction, wherein the area of ​​the third branch is smaller than that of the fourth branch.

5. The antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sixth branch is aligned with the second branch group along the third direction.

6. The antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fifth branch is shaped like a door frame, and its two ends are respectively inserted into the first branch group and the second branch group.

7. The antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first branch group includes a first through hole extending along the first direction, and the second branch group includes a second through hole extending along the first direction; The first branch and the second branch are electrically connected through the first through hole, and the third branch and the fourth branch are electrically connected through the second through hole.

8. The antenna element as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The antenna unit is located in the clearance area of ​​the PCB substrate.

9. A multi-antenna assembly, characterized in that, Includes a PCB substrate and an antenna unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The antenna element is formed on the PCB substrate along a first direction, where the first direction is the thickness direction of the PCB substrate; The antenna unit includes at least a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit. The first antenna unit extends along a second direction of the PCB substrate, and the second antenna unit extends along a third direction of the PCB substrate. The second direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to both the second direction and the third direction.

10. The multi-antenna assembly as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, The length of the PCB substrate in the second direction is 120mm to 140mm, and the length of the PCB substrate in the third direction is 75mm to 100mm.

11. The multi-antenna assembly as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, The first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are located diagonally opposite each other on the PCB substrate.

12. A car, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a multi-antenna assembly as described in any one of claims 9 to 11.

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