A plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition in broilers and improving meat quality and its application
By adding the thick extract of nigra into the broiler feed, the problems of excessive fat deposits in the broiler's abdominals and meat quality are solved, and the effect of significantly reducing abdominal fat and improving meat quality is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202310156187.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-02-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-02-23
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to simultaneously reduce the abdominal fat deposition of broilers and improve meat quality, which leads to the broiler industry facing the problems of excessive abdominal fat and meat quality.
By adding crude extract of nigra to broiler feed and using its rich bioactive ingredients, such as alkaloids, polysaccharides and flavonoids, to reduce the fat deposition of broiler abdominals and improve meat quality.
The thick extract of genustica significantly reduced the width of the abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat of the broiler, while also increasing the pH, conductivity and triglyceride levels of the chicken, reducing shear force, and improving the water retention, tenderness and flavor of the meat.
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Figure CN116019165B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry feed, and in particular relates to a plant extract capable of reducing abdominal fat deposition in broilers and improving meat quality, and an application thereof. Background Art
[0002] Meat is one of the essential foods in human daily life. Chicken is favored by consumers for its tender meat, high protein, low fat, and easy digestion and absorption. It has become the second largest meat product in my country after pork. However, in recent decades, due to excessive attention to body weight and growth rate, many negative effects have occurred, such as excessive fattening leading to excessive abdominal fat deposition, and excessive pursuit of growth rate leading to decreased meat quality, which has restricted the healthy development of the broiler industry.
[0003] Belly fat is an important slaughter performance of broilers. Excessive deposition of belly fat can lead to problems such as reduced feed conversion rate, carcass quality, egg production rate, fertilization rate and hatching rate of laying fowls, as well as environmental pollution. At the same time, with the improvement of people's living standards, the market demand for broilers has shifted from quantity to quality, and consumers are paying more and more attention to the flavor, tenderness and nutritional value of chicken. Therefore, reducing belly fat and improving meat quality have become new goals in the current broiler industry.
[0004] Reducing abdominal fat and improving meat quality can be achieved through genetic breeding and nutritional regulation. Nutritional regulation has the advantages of short cycle and low cost, and is widely used in production practice. Common nutritional regulation measures currently include adding plant extracts, mineral elements, vitamins, etc. to feed or drinking water. Among them, plant extracts are rich in a variety of active ingredients, such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, phenols, glycosides and alkaloids, and have low production costs. Some specific plant extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and intestinal health-improving effects, and are currently the most widely used nutritional regulation methods. For example, adding a certain amount of tea polyphenols to drinking water can significantly reduce the abdominal fat rate and serum triglycerides (TG) of broilers, and adding an appropriate amount of yew leaf powder to feed can significantly increase the crude fat content of broiler breast muscles and improve meat quality. However, it is difficult for existing technologies to take into account the two different directions of reducing abdominal fat deposition and improving meat quality. Therefore, it is of great significance and good market prospects to explore green and safe plant extracts that can both reduce abdominal fat and improve chicken quality.
[0005] Anoectochilus roxburghii, also known as golden thread orchid, is a perennial precious Chinese medicine, mainly distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places in my country. Anoectochilus roxburghii contains a variety of active ingredients such as alkaloids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, amino acids, etc. It is often used as a health food such as Anoectochilus roxburghii tea and Anoectochilus roxburghii soup, or used to treat hemoptysis, bronchitis, nephritis and other diseases. However, the reports on the use of Anoectochilus roxburghii in livestock and poultry farming are still very rare, especially in terms of the deposition of abdominal fat and meat quality of livestock and poultry, there is still a lot of room for development. Summary of the invention
[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition in broilers and improving meat quality and its application, aiming to solve the problems of excessive abdominal fat deposition and decreased meat quality faced by modern broiler production.
[0007] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0008] A plant extract capable of reducing abdominal fat deposition in broilers and improving meat quality. The plant extract is a crude extract of roxburghii roxburghii.
[0009] The crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii is prepared by the following method:
[0010] Take the dried roxburghii, crush it into powder, pass it through a 200-mesh sieve, and then divide the roxburghii powder into 100g portions, reflux with 500ml of 95% ethanol at a ratio of 1g:5ml, and extract repeatedly for 3 times, each time for 3h, stirring once every 30min, first simply filter with gauze and then filter twice with a suction filtration device, combine the filtrate, discard the filter residue, rotary evaporate to obtain a concentrated solution, dry the concentrated solution to obtain an extract, dry and crush to obtain a crude extract of roxburghii.
[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the pulverization is into powder form, which is performed by placing small amounts and multiple times in a grinder and pulverizing into powder form.
[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the concentrated solution obtained by rotary evaporation is obtained by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure at 50°C.
[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the drying is performed in a water bath at 60°C.
[0014] Application of the plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition in broiler chickens and improving meat quality in broiler chicken feed.
[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the mass percentage of the crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii in the broiler feed is 0.15-0.30%.
[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the broiler feed is composed of the following components by mass fraction:
[0017]
[0018] The ingredients of the premix include: vitamin A, 6000 IU; vitamin D3, 200 IU; vitamin E 10 IU; vitamin K 0.50 mg; vitamin B12 0.007 μg; pantothenic acid 2.99 mg; riboflavin 1.63 mg; copper 1.25 mg; manganese 24.06 mg; zinc 12.70 mg; selenium 0.06 mg; and iodide 0.35 mg.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0020] Compared with the control group, the breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate of the experimental group (group with crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii) increased significantly, and the width of abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat decreased significantly, indicating that crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii has the effect of improving slaughter performance and reducing body fat deposition; in terms of meat quality, compared with the control group, the pH, conductivity and TG levels of chicken in the experimental group increased significantly, and the shear force decreased significantly, indicating that crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii has the effect of improving the water retention, tenderness and flavor of chicken, that is, it has the characteristics of improving chicken quality; at the same time, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, indicating that adding crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii to feed can improve the antioxidant level of chicken, thereby extending the shelf life and improving meat quality. In summary, crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii has the effect of significantly reducing abdominal fat deposition in broilers and improving meat quality, which provides a new idea for solving the problems faced by broiler farming. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 This is a photo result of abdominal fat of yellow-feathered broiler chickens in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 2 This is a result diagram of H&E sections of abdominal fat and average area of abdominal fat cells of yellow-feathered broiler chickens in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0024] Using nutritional means to reduce abdominal fat deposition in broilers and improve meat quality is one of the goals pursued by current broiler production. However, it is difficult to achieve the above goals at the same time with current technology. In order to solve this technical problem, the present invention proposes a plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition in broilers and improving meat quality and its application, which provides a solution to the problems faced in broiler production.
[0025] Embodiment 1
[0026] 1) Experimental animals and experimental design
[0027] In this experiment, 90 yellow-feathered broilers aged 21 days were randomly divided into 3 groups (5 replicates per group, 6 broilers per replicate). The lighting system of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness was adopted, and the chickens were fed freely for 42 days.
[0028] 2) Feed
[0029] 2.1) Anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract
[0030] Take the dried golden thread lotus, put it in a grinder in small amounts and multiple times, grind it into powder, pass it through a 200-mesh sieve, and then divide it into 100g portions, reflux it with 500ml of 95% ethanol according to the ratio of 1g:5ml, and extract it repeatedly for 3 times, each time for 3h, stir once every 30min, filter it once with gauze and a suction filtration device, combine the filtrate, discard the filter residue, and evaporate it under reduced pressure at 50°C to obtain a concentrated solution, place the concentrated solution in a 60°C water bath to dry, and obtain about 15ml of extract, dry and grind it to obtain a crude extract of golden thread lotus.
[0031] 2.2) Feed formula
[0032] In order to study the effect of adding crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii to feed on fat metabolism of broiler chickens, 0.15% and 0.30% crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii were added to the feed of the control group, respectively.
[0033] Table 1: Feed formula
[0034]
[0035] The premix 1 The ingredients include: Vitamin A, 6000IU; Vitamin D3, 200IU; Vitamin E, 10IU; Vitamin K 0.50mg; Vitamin B12 0.007μg; Pantothenic acid 2.99mg; Riboflavin 1.63mg; Copper 1.25mg; Manganese 24.06mg; Zinc 12.70mg; Selenium 0.06mg; Iodide 0.35mg.
[0036] The nutritional components of the feed used above are as follows: metabolizable energy is 13.052 MJ / kg; crude protein content is 12.976%; lysine content is 0.600%; methionine content is 0.590%.
[0037] 3) Sample collection and determination
[0038] 3.1) Growth performance and slaughter performance
[0039] 3.1.1) Growth performance
[0040] The fasting weight and feed intake were measured on the morning of the 0th and 42nd day of the experiment, and the average daily feed intake was calculated according to the standard calculation formula.
[0041] 3.1.2) Slaughter performance
[0042] On the 42nd day of the experiment, the chickens were fasted for 12 h, and two broilers with close to average weight and good mental state were selected from each replicate for slaughter. Their body weight, carcass weight, whole carcass weight, breast muscle weight, and leg muscle weight were measured, and the slaughter rate, whole carcass rate, abdominal fat rate, breast muscle rate, and leg muscle rate were calculated.
[0043] 3.2) Changes in body fat
[0044] After opening the body, the width of the intermuscular fat and the thickness of the subcutaneous fat were measured with a vernier caliper, and the abdominal fat was weighed and a small amount was taken for the preparation of H&E sections. The sections were observed and photographed with an optical microscope, and the size of the fat cells was measured and analyzed using Image J software.
[0045] 3.3) Meat quality indicators
[0046] 3.3.1) Meat quality indicators
[0047] After slaughter, a small amount of breast muscle from the same position was frozen for determination of TG levels. The left breast muscle and left leg muscle were used for determination of pH value, meat color, water holding capacity and shear force 45 minutes after slaughter, and the right breast muscle was stored in a 4°C refrigerator for 24h meat quality index determination.
[0048] 3.3.2) Muscle antioxidant index
[0049] A certain amount of breast muscle tissue samples were taken, and physiological saline was added in proportion for mechanical homogenization. The levels of breast muscle SOD, GSH-Px, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined according to the instructions of the kit.
[0050] The experimental results are as follows:
[0051] 1. Growth and carcass traits
[0052] 1.1 Effect of crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii on the survival of broiler chickens
[0053] There were no obvious abnormalities in mental state and dietary desire in the control group and the experimental group, and no disease occurred in each group.
[0054] 1.2 Effects of crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii on growth and carcass properties of broiler chickens
[0055] As shown in Table 2, under the same feeding conditions, compared with the control group, the feed intake, evisceration rate and slaughter rate of the broilers in the experimental group did not change significantly, and the body weight decreased significantly; the breast muscle rate of the control group was 8.03%, and the breast muscle rate of the experimental group was 10.13% and 10.16%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the control group; the leg muscle rate of the control group was 13.29%, and the leg muscle rate of the experimental group was 14.75% and 15.02%, respectively, which increased significantly. This experiment found that adding appropriate concentrations of golden thread vine crude extract to the feed can still significantly increase the breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate and improve the carcass quality of broilers when the body weight is reduced.
[0056] Table 2: Effects of crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii on growth performance and slaughter performance of broiler chickens
[0057]
[0058] 2. Effect of crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii on body fat deposition in broilers
[0059] Depend on Figure 1 As shown in Table 3, the abdominal fat weights of the experimental groups were 20.62g and 20.33g, respectively, which were significantly lower than the 34.42g abdominal fat weight of the control group; the abdominal fat rate of the experimental groups was 4.77%, significantly lower than the 7.59% of the control group; at the same time, compared with the control group, the subcutaneous fat thickness and intermuscular fat width of the experimental groups also decreased significantly; Figure 2 It can be seen that the size of fat cells in the test group was significantly smaller than that in the control group, and the 0.15% addition had the most obvious effect on reducing abdominal fat cells.
[0060] The body fat deposition of livestock and poultry mainly includes abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat and muscle fat. Abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat are both unfavorable factors in the livestock industry. The width of intermuscular fat can also reflect the body fat deposition to a certain extent. Excessive deposition of the three will reduce feed conversion rate and meat quality. The results of this experiment show that both 0.15% and 0.30% of the crude extract of golden thread vine can significantly reduce abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat width. Therefore, we believe that the crude extract of golden thread vine has a good lipid-lowering effect.
[0061] Table 3: Effects of crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii on body fat deposition in broilers
[0062]
[0063] 3. Effect of crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii on broiler meat quality and muscle antioxidant capacity
[0064] 3.1 Effect of crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii on broiler meat quality
[0065] As shown in Table 4, compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the color of breast muscle in the experimental group at 45 minutes and 24 hours; the pH of breast muscle in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 45 minutes after slaughter, and was closer to the neutral level. After 24 hours, the experimental group was slightly higher than the control group, but there was no significant difference; the conductivity of breast muscle in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 45 minutes after slaughter; the shear force of breast muscle in the experimental group was 3.83 and 3.05, respectively, which was lower than 4.27 in the control group, and the 0.30% golden thread extract group was significantly lower than the control group; in terms of breast muscle TG, the 0.15% golden thread extract group was significantly higher than the control group, while the 0.30% golden thread extract group had no significant change relative to the control group. In terms of leg muscle, the pH of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at 45 minutes after slaughter, but there was no significant difference.
[0066] Under normal conditions, muscle pH is neutral and gradually decreases after slaughter. In this experiment, whether the breast muscle or leg muscle is 45 minutes or 24 hours after slaughter, the pH of the experimental group is closer to the neutral level than that of the control group, indicating that it has better water retention performance; Studies have shown that the conductivity of fresh meat is positively correlated with the protein content and inorganic content, while the change in conductivity is negatively correlated with the preservation ability. At 45 minutes after slaughter, the conductivity of the breast muscle of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, indicating that it may contain higher protein and inorganic content, while at 24 hours, the conductivity difference of the experimental group showed The shrinking trend indicates that the meat of the experimental group may have better preservation ability; shear force is an important indicator of meat tenderness, the smaller the shear force, the more tender the meat. In this experiment, the shear force was lower than that of the control group regardless of the amount of Anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract added, indicating that the crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii has the effect of reducing the shear force of chicken; TG is an important component of intramuscular fat, a certain amount of intramuscular fat can improve the tenderness, juiciness and flavor of chicken. In this experiment, the TG level of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, indicating that adding an appropriate amount of Anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract to the feed can increase the TG level of chicken, thereby improving meat quality.
[0067] Table 4: Effects of crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii on broiler meat quality
[0068]
[0069] pH value: This refers to the pH value of broiler muscle, which affects the color, tenderness, water retention, flavor and shelf life of meat, and is an important indicator for evaluating meat quality;
[0070] Triglyceride (TG): It is a fat molecule formed by long-chain fatty acids and glycerol, and one of the main components of intramuscular fat;
[0071] Intramuscular fat: mainly located on the epimysium, perimysium and endomysium, and is related to the tenderness and flavor of the muscle.
[0072] 3.2 Effect of crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii on antioxidant capacity of broiler muscle
[0073] As shown in Table 5, the SOD levels of the experimental group were 21.54 and 22.55, which were significantly higher than the control group, 13.26; as for GSH-Px, the GSH-Px level of the 0.15% roxburghii crude extract group was significantly higher than that of the control group; there was no significant difference in MDA level. SOD and GSH-Px are important antioxidant enzymes in the body. Improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes can prevent lipid peroxidation and prolong the shelf life of meat. In this experiment, the SOD level of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the GSH-Px level of the 0.15% roxburghii crude extract group was significantly higher than that of the control group, indicating that a certain amount of roxburghii crude extract can improve the antioxidant capacity of muscle, thereby prolonging the shelf life.
[0074] Table 5: Effects of crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii on antioxidant capacity of broiler muscle
[0075]
[0076] Superoxide dismutase (SOD): It is an important member of the antioxidant enzyme system in the biological system. It can catalyze the dismutation of superoxide anion free radicals to generate oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. It plays a vital role in the balance of oxidation and antioxidant in the body. It is an important indicator of meat preservation ability and shelf life.
[0077] Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px): It is an important antioxidant in animals and plants. It can prevent the damage of free radicals, peroxides, lipid peroxides, heavy metals and other active oxygen to important cell components. It is an important indicator of meat preservation ability and shelf life.
[0078] Malondialdehyde (MDA): Oxygen free radicals act on unsaturated fatty acids in lipids to generate lipid peroxides, which gradually decompose into a series of complex compounds, including MDA, which is a commonly used indicator of membrane lipid peroxidation.
[0079] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0080] In order to facilitate the verification of the role of the crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii in broiler farming, the present invention simulates the fattening stage before broilers are marketed by adding a certain amount of animal fat to the feed, and the experimental group adds different concentrations of crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii on this basis, and the treatment is 42 days in total. The results show that the breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate of the experimental group increased significantly, and the abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat width were significantly reduced, indicating that the crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii has the effect of improving slaughter performance and reducing body fat deposition; in terms of meat quality, the experimental group is compared with the control group, the pH of chicken is significantly higher, the conductivity, and the TG level are significantly higher than the control group, and the shear force is significantly reduced, indicating that the crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii has the effect of improving the water retention, tenderness and flavor of chicken, that is, it has the characteristics of improving the quality of chicken; at the same time, the SOD and GSH-Px levels of the experimental group are significantly higher than those of the control group, indicating that the addition of crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii in the feed can improve the antioxidant level of muscle, thereby extending the shelf life and improving the meat quality. In summary, the crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii has the effect of significantly reducing the abdominal fat deposition of broilers and improving the quality of meat. The present invention utilizes the rich bioactive components in the crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii and discovers for the first time that the crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii can both reduce abdominal fat deposition in broilers and improve meat quality, which provides a new idea for solving the problems faced in broiler farming.
[0081] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. Use of a plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition in broiler chickens and improving broiler meat quality in preparing broiler feed, characterized in that: The plant extract is a crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii; The broiler feed is composed of the following components in parts by mass: Corn 67.546 parts; Soy protein 1.804 parts; Soybean meal 9,500 parts; Wheat bran 4,500 parts; Rice bran 4,500 parts; 2.255 parts of CaCO3; CaHPO4 1.804 parts; lard 5.402 parts; NaCl 0.363 parts; DL-methionine 0.363 parts; Premix 0.005 parts; Cholesterol 1.961 parts; 0.15 parts of crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii; The ingredients of the premix include: vitamin A, 6000 IU; vitamin D3, 200 IU; vitamin E, 10 IU; vitamin K0.5 mg; vitamin B 12 0.007μg; pantothenic acid 2.99 mg; riboflavin 1.63 mg; copper 1.25 mg; manganese 24.06 mg; zinc 12.70 mg; selenium 0.06 mg; iodide 0.35 mg; The crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii is prepared by the following method: Take the dried Anoectochilus roxburghii, crush it into powder, pass it through a 200-mesh sieve, and then divide the Anoectochilus roxburghii powder into 100 g portions, reflux it with 500 mL of 95% ethanol at a ratio of 1 g:5 mL, and extract it repeatedly for 3 times, each time for 3 h, stirring once every 30 min, first filter it simply with gauze and then filter it twice with a suction filtration device, combine the filtrate, discard the filter residue, and rotary evaporate to obtain a concentrated solution, dry the concentrated solution to obtain an extract, dry and crush it to obtain a crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii.
2. The use of the plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition in broiler chickens and improving broiler meat quality according to claim 1 in preparing broiler chicken feed, characterized in that: The crushing into powder form is to place a small amount of the powder in a grinding machine and crush it into powder form multiple times.
3. The use of the plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition in broiler chickens and improving broiler meat quality according to claim 1 in preparing broiler chicken feed, characterized in that: The concentrated solution obtained by rotary evaporation is a concentrated solution obtained by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure at 50°C.
4. The use of the plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition in broiler chickens and improving broiler meat quality according to claim 1 in preparing broiler chicken feed, characterized in that: The drying is carried out in a water bath at 60°C.