A micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation device and method using a fluidized bed
By automatically adjusting the oxygen or air supply through a thermal expansion and contraction column and piston disc structure, the problem of insufficient or wasted heat supply in fluidized bed dry distillation is solved, achieving temperature stability and efficiency improvement.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ANHUI GUOFU PHOENIX TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2022-12-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-30
AI Technical Summary
In existing fluidized bed pyrolysis technology, improper control of oxygen or air supply can lead to insufficient or wasted heat, affecting the pyrolysis effect and cost.
It adopts a thermal expansion and contraction column and piston disc structure, which automatically adjusts the pore area according to the temperature change of the dry distillation chamber to control the oxygen or air supply, and forms a circulating heating system in combination with the steam combustion mechanism.
It enables precise regulation of oxygen or air supply, maintains stable distillation temperature, saves energy, reduces equipment costs and failure rate, and improves distillation efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN116023965B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of dry distillation equipment technology, and specifically to a micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation device and method utilizing a fluidized bed. Background Technology
[0002] Dry distillation is a reaction process in which solids or organic substances are decomposed by heating under conditions of isolation or near-isolation from air. The result of dry distillation is the production of various gases, vapors, and solid residues. The mixture of gases and vapors is separated into gas and liquid after cooling. Fluidized beds are a type of fluidized bed with good dry distillation performance. During operation, the upward blowing of hot gas and the vibration of a vibrating motor keep the material in a fluidized state, achieving rapid heating and decomposition. However, current fluidized beds have a problem: they require a continuous external supply of hot gas to maintain fluidization, and the generation of hot gas consumes a large amount of energy, such as fuel gas, leading to high operating costs. To address this, referring to patent document CN112619563A, our company previously researched introducing a trace amount of low-cost oxygen or air into the dry distillation process. While utilizing the vapor generated by the dry distillation itself for external combustion heating, a trace amount of air or oxygen is used for self-heating, solving the problem of insufficient heat from the combustion gases, resulting in better dry distillation performance and saving on fuel gas and other energy consumption.
[0003] However, insufficient external heating and oxygen supply lead to overall insufficient heating, lower temperature, and ineffective dry distillation. Conversely, sufficient external heating and excessive oxygen supply result in heat waste and may cause complete combustion and pyrolysis of the material, deviating from the essence of dry distillation and failing to obtain the desired product. Therefore, controlling the supply of oxygen or air has become a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fluidized bed micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation apparatus and method, which solves the problem of how to control the oxygen or air supply in existing fluidized bed micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation technologies.
[0005] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions:
[0006] A micro-oxygen combustion pyrolysis device utilizing a fluidized bed includes a fluidized bed with an airflow distribution plate dividing the fluidized bed into a top pyrolysis chamber and a bottom gas supply chamber. The pyrolysis chamber is connected to a steam combustion mechanism for burning the steam discharged from the pyrolysis chamber to generate high-temperature gas, which is then introduced into the gas supply chamber. The device also includes a supply mechanism for supplying oxygen or air, comprising a thermal expansion and contraction column disposed within the pyrolysis chamber, a movable column that movably penetrates the airflow distribution plate, and an exhaust stack disposed within the gas supply chamber. The bottom of the exhaust stack is connected to a gas source via a pipe, and the side wall of the exhaust stack has several air holes. A piston disc is movably disposed within the exhaust stack. One end of the thermal expansion and contraction column is fixed to the top wall of the pyrolysis chamber, and the other end is connected to the piston disc via the movable column.
[0007] When the temperature inside the distillation chamber rises, the thermal expansion and contraction column extends and drives the piston disc to press down inside the exhaust pipe, reducing the flow area of the vent and decreasing the supply of oxygen or air; when the temperature inside the distillation chamber drops, the thermal expansion and contraction column shortens and drives the piston disc to rise inside the exhaust pipe, increasing the flow area of the vent and increasing the supply of oxygen or air.
[0008] A further improvement is that the steam combustion mechanism includes a cooler, a liquid collection tank, and a combustion furnace connected in sequence between the gas outlet of the pyrolysis chamber and the gas inlet of the gas supply chamber, wherein the combustion furnace is also connected to a blower.
[0009] A further improvement is that the thermal expansion and contraction column includes connectors at both ends and several sub-columns between the two connectors. One end of each sub-column has a conical protrusion, and the other end has a conical groove that matches the conical protrusion. Adjacent sub-columns are movably connected through the conical protrusion and the conical groove, so that all sub-columns are connected in series along a straight line. An elastic element is provided at the bottom of the exhaust pipe. The top of the elastic element is connected to the piston disc and is used to generate elastic compressive force on the piston disc, the movable column, and the thermal expansion and contraction column.
[0010] When the temperature inside the distillation chamber rises, each component of the thermal expansion and contraction column expands axially and radially. The axial expansion directly elongates the thermal expansion and contraction column, while the radial expansion widens the conical protrusion, narrows the conical groove, and increases the distance between adjacent components, thus indirectly causing the thermal expansion and contraction column to elongate. After the thermal expansion and contraction column elongates, the elastic element is compressed. When the temperature inside the distillation chamber decreases, each component of the thermal expansion and contraction column contracts axially and radially. The axial contraction directly shortens the thermal expansion and contraction column, while the radial contraction narrows the conical protrusion, widens the conical groove, and reduces the distance between adjacent components under the compression of the elastic element, thus indirectly causing the thermal expansion and contraction column to shorten.
[0011] A further improvement is that the angle between the generatrix of the cone-shaped protrusion and the cone-shaped groove and the horizontal plane is 60-75°.
[0012] A further improvement is that a filter mechanism is provided at the gas outlet of the distillation chamber to filter out material powder mixed in with the vapor.
[0013] A further improvement is that the filtration mechanism is a single-stage or multi-stage cyclone separator.
[0014] A further improvement is that the filtration mechanism includes a filter box connected to the gas outlet of the distillation chamber, a filter screen disposed within the filter box, a power box connected to the top of the filter box, and a drive fan blade disposed within the power box. The lower surface of the filter screen is provided with a rotatable cleaning rod. The cleaning rod passes through the filter screen via a linkage rod and is connected to the central shaft of the drive fan blade. When steam passes through the filter screen in the filter box, the material powder is filtered. When steam passes through the drive fan blade in the power box, the drive fan blade rotates and drives the cleaning rod to rub along the lower surface of the filter screen via the linkage rod, thereby cleaning and preventing clogging of the filter screen.
[0015] A further improvement is that the flow area of the power box is smaller than that of the filter box.
[0016] The present invention also provides a micro-oxygen combustion pyrolysis method using a fluidized bed, which utilizes the aforementioned micro-oxygen combustion pyrolysis apparatus, and the specific steps include:
[0017] Step 1: The material is fed into the pyrolysis chamber of the fluidized bed, and high-temperature gas is introduced through the gas supply chamber. The high-temperature gas passes through the air distribution plate and comes into contact with the material, making the material fluidized. The material is heated and decomposed, producing solid material and vapor, which are discharged separately.
[0018] Step 2: The discharged steam is introduced into a steam combustion mechanism for combustion. The high-temperature gas generated by combustion is circulated into the gas supply chamber of the fluidized bed to provide heat for material decomposition and form a cycle.
[0019] Step 3: Air or oxygen is supplied to the gas supply chamber through the vent on the exhaust stack. When the temperature inside the dry distillation chamber rises, the thermal expansion and contraction column extends and drives the piston disc to press down inside the exhaust stack, reducing the flow area of the vent and decreasing the supply of oxygen or air. When the temperature inside the dry distillation chamber drops, the thermal expansion and contraction column shortens and drives the piston disc to rise inside the exhaust stack, reducing the flow area of the vent and increasing the supply of oxygen or air. Thus, the supply of oxygen or air is controlled according to the temperature to maintain incomplete combustion of the material and supplement the heat required for material decomposition.
[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:
[0021] (1) The micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation device and method can automatically control the supply of oxygen or air according to the real-time temperature of the dry distillation process, so as to maintain the incomplete combustion process of the material and supplement the heat required for the decomposition of the material.
[0022] (2) The micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation device and method utilize the expansion and contraction of the thermal expansion and contraction column placed in the dry distillation chamber to control the supply of oxygen or air in the gas supply chamber. The control accuracy and response speed can meet the requirements. It does not require manual operation or any electrical components. It has good stability and low failure rate. Furthermore, the thermal expansion and contraction column adopts a specific segmented series structure, which can effectively overcome the problems of low thermal expansion and contraction degree and small gas hole adjustment step.
[0023] (3) The micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation device and method also provides a self-designed filtration mechanism to filter the material powder mixed in the vapor. Compared with the multi-stage cyclone separator, it greatly reduces the equipment cost and floor space. At the same time, it has a good filtration effect and can automatically clean the filter screen. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation device.
[0025] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the exhaust pipe section;
[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the thermal expansion and contraction column has been disassembled.
[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the filtration mechanism;
[0028] In the diagram: 1. Fluidized bed; 2. Airflow distribution plate; 3. Distillation chamber; 4. Gas supply chamber; 5. Thermal expansion and contraction column; 501. Connector; 502. Column; 503. Conical protrusion; 504. Conical groove; 6. Movable column; 7. Exhaust stack; 8. Air hole; 9. Piston disc; 10. Cooler; 11. Liquid collection tank; 12. Combustion furnace; 13. Blower; 14. Elastic component; 15. Filtration mechanism; 151. Filter box; 152. Filter screen; 153. Power box; 154. Drive fan blade; 155. Cleaning rod; 156. Linkage rod. Detailed Implementation
[0029] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.
[0030] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation device utilizing a fluidized bed is disclosed. The device includes a fluidized bed 1, and an airflow distribution plate 2 equipped with a vibrating motor is provided inside the fluidized bed 1. The airflow distribution plate 2 is inclined and covered with micropores. The airflow distribution plate 2 divides the interior of the fluidized bed 1 into a dry distillation chamber 3 at the top and a gas supply chamber 4 at the bottom. The dry distillation chamber 3 is connected to a steam combustion mechanism for burning the steam discharged from the dry distillation chamber 3 and generating high-temperature gas, which is then introduced into the gas supply chamber 4. The device also includes a supply mechanism for supplying oxygen or air. The supply mechanism includes a thermal expansion and contraction column 5 located inside the dry distillation chamber 3, a movable column 6 that movably penetrates the airflow distribution plate 2, and an exhaust pipe 7 located inside the gas supply chamber 4. The bottom of the exhaust pipe 7 is connected to a gas source (pressure stabilizer) through a pipe. Several air holes 8 are opened on the side wall of the exhaust pipe 7. A piston disc 9 is movably installed inside the exhaust pipe 7. One end of the thermal expansion and contraction column 5 is fixed to the top wall inside the dry distillation chamber 3, and the other end is connected to the piston disc 9 through the movable column 6.
[0031] During the dry distillation process, when the temperature inside the dry distillation chamber 3 rises, the thermal expansion and contraction column 5 extends due to heat, causing the piston disc 9 to press down within the exhaust pipe 7. This reduces the flow area of the vent holes 8, decreasing the supply of oxygen or air, and potentially closing the supply completely, thus preventing the dry distillation temperature from rising. Conversely, when the temperature inside the dry distillation chamber 3 decreases, the thermal expansion and contraction column 5 shortens, causing the piston disc 9 to rise within the exhaust pipe 7. This increases the flow area of the vent holes 8, increasing the supply of oxygen or air, potentially opening all vent holes completely, thereby raising the dry distillation temperature. Ultimately, this maintains the temperature inside the dry distillation chamber 3 at a stable value. When the external combustion heat supply is insufficient, resulting in an inadequate dry distillation temperature, oxygen or air is automatically supplied to supplement the heat required for material decomposition. However, the supply of oxygen or air cannot be excessive, as this may lead to incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of the material, resulting in undesirable products. When the dry distillation temperature is sufficient, the supply of oxygen or air is reduced or stopped. Throughout the entire adjustment process, the amount of oxygen or air supplied is correlated with the temperature.
[0032] In this invention, the steam combustion mechanism includes a cooler 10, a liquid collection tank 11, and a combustion furnace 12 connected in sequence between the outlet of the dry distillation chamber 3 and the inlet of the gas supply chamber 4. The combustion furnace 12 is also connected to a blower 13. The steam generated during the dry distillation process (composed of condensable and non-condensable gases) is discharged from the outlet of the dry distillation chamber 3 and cooled by the cooler 10. The condensable gases are condensed into liquid and collected in the liquid collection tank 11, while the non-condensable gases (mostly combustible gases) are continued to be transported to the combustion furnace 12. A suitable amount of air is blown in by the blower 13, and the non-condensable gases are burned to produce a large amount of high-temperature gas.
[0033] In this invention, the thermal expansion and contraction column 5 is made of a metal material with a high coefficient of thermal expansion, such as copper. However, due to the limited height of the fluidized bed 1, the degree of thermal expansion and contraction of conventional metal materials is still relatively small, resulting in a small adjustment range for the opening of the pores 8. Therefore, this invention optimizes the structure of the thermal expansion and contraction column 5, combining... Figure 3 As shown, the thermal expansion and contraction column 5 includes connectors 501 at both ends and several sub-columns 502 between the two connectors 501. One end of each sub-column 502 has a conical protrusion 503, and the other end has a conical groove 504 that matches the conical protrusion 503. Adjacent sub-columns 502 are movably connected through the conical protrusion 503 and the conical groove 504, so that all sub-columns 502 are connected in series along a straight line. An elastic element 14 (e.g., a metal spring) is provided at the bottom of the exhaust pipe 7. The top of the elastic element 14 is connected to the piston disc 9 and is used to generate elastic compressive force on the piston disc 9, the movable column 6, and the thermal expansion and contraction column 5.
[0034] When the temperature inside the distillation chamber 3 rises, each sub-column 502 of the thermal expansion and contraction column 5 expands axially and radially. Axial expansion directly elongates the thermal expansion and contraction column 5, while radial expansion widens the conical protrusion 503 and narrows the conical groove 504, increasing the distance between adjacent sub-columns 502, thus indirectly causing the thermal expansion and contraction column 5 to elongate. After elongation, the elastic element 14 is compressed. When the temperature inside the distillation chamber 3 decreases, each sub-column 502 of the thermal expansion and contraction column 5 contracts axially and radially. Axial contraction directly shortens the thermal expansion and contraction column 5, while radial contraction narrows the conical protrusion 503 and widens the conical groove 504. Under the compression of the elastic element 14, the distance between adjacent sub-columns 502 decreases, thus indirectly shortening the thermal expansion and contraction column 5. This improves the degree of thermal expansion and contraction of the thermal expansion and contraction column 5 and increases the adjustment range of the vent 8.
[0035] Preferably, the angle between the conical generatrix of the conical protrusion 503 and the conical groove 504 and the horizontal plane is 60-75°. This ensures that all the sub-pillars 502 are connected in a straight line without bending, and at the same time, radial expansion or contraction can be effectively converted into axial expansion and contraction through the inclined conical surface.
[0036] In this invention, a filter mechanism 15 is provided at the gas outlet of the dry distillation chamber 3 to filter out material powder mixed in with the vapor.
[0037] As one embodiment, the filtration mechanism 15 is a single-stage or multi-stage cyclone separator, and the specific technology is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.
[0038] As a preferred embodiment, combined with Figure 4As shown, the filtration mechanism 15 includes a filter box 151 connected to the gas outlet of the distillation chamber 3, a filter screen 152 disposed in the filter box 151, a power box 153 connected to the top of the filter box 151, and a drive fan blade 154 disposed in the power box 153. The lower surface of the filter screen 152 is provided with a rotatable cleaning rod 155. The cleaning rod 155 is connected to the central shaft of the drive fan blade 154 after passing through the filter screen 152 via a linkage rod 156. When the steam passes through the filter screen 152 in the filter box 151, the material powder is filtered. When the steam passes through the drive fan blade 154 in the power box 153, the drive fan blade 154 rotates and drives the cleaning rod 155 to rub along the lower surface of the filter screen 152 via the linkage rod 156, thereby cleaning and preventing clogging of the filter screen 152. Compared to the structure of the multi-stage cyclone separator embodiment, this filtration mechanism 15 significantly reduces equipment costs and floor space, while providing good filtration performance and automatically cleaning the filter screen without requiring a separate power source.
[0039] Preferably, the flow area of the power box 153 is smaller than that of the filter box 151, so that the steam flow rate when passing through the power box 153 is increased, thereby effectively driving the drive fan blade 154 to rotate.
[0040] The present invention also provides a micro-oxygen combustion pyrolysis method using a fluidized bed, which utilizes the aforementioned micro-oxygen combustion pyrolysis apparatus, and the specific steps include:
[0041] Step 1: Material is fed into the pyrolysis chamber 3 of fluidized bed 1, and high-temperature gas is introduced through the gas supply chamber 4. The high-temperature gas passes through the airflow distribution plate 2 and contacts the material, causing the material to fluidize. The material is heated and decomposed, producing solid material and vapor, which are discharged separately.
[0042] Step 2: The discharged steam is introduced into the steam combustion mechanism for combustion. The high-temperature gas generated by combustion is circulated into the gas supply chamber 4 of the fluidized bed 1 to provide heat for material decomposition and form a cycle.
[0043] Step 3: Air or oxygen is supplied to the air supply chamber 4 through the air hole 8 on the exhaust pipe 7. When the temperature inside the dry distillation chamber 3 rises, the thermal expansion and contraction column 5 extends and drives the piston disc 9 to press down inside the exhaust pipe 7, reducing the flow area of the air hole 8 and decreasing the supply of oxygen or air. When the temperature inside the dry distillation chamber 3 drops, the thermal expansion and contraction column 5 shortens and drives the piston disc 9 to rise inside the exhaust pipe 7, reducing the flow area of the air hole 8 and increasing the supply of oxygen or air. Thus, the supply of oxygen or air is controlled according to the temperature to maintain incomplete combustion of the material and supplement the heat required for material decomposition.
[0044] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A micro-oxygen combustion pyrolysis apparatus utilizing a fluidized bed, the apparatus comprising a fluidized bed (1), wherein an airflow distribution plate (2) is provided within the fluidized bed (1), the airflow distribution plate (2) dividing the interior of the fluidized bed (1) into a top pyrolysis chamber (3) and a bottom gas supply chamber (4), wherein the pyrolysis chamber (3) is connected to a steam combustion mechanism for burning the steam discharged from the pyrolysis chamber (3) to generate high-temperature gas, which is then introduced into the gas supply chamber (4), characterized in that, The device also includes a supply mechanism for supplying oxygen or air. The supply mechanism includes a thermal expansion and contraction column (5) located in the dry distillation chamber (3), a movable column (6) that moves through the airflow distribution plate (2), and an exhaust pipe (7) located in the air supply chamber (4). The bottom of the exhaust pipe (7) is connected to an air source through a pipe. Several air holes (8) are opened on the side wall of the exhaust pipe (7). A piston disc (9) is movable inside the exhaust pipe (7). One end of the thermal expansion and contraction column (5) is fixed to the top wall inside the dry distillation chamber (3), and the other end is connected to the piston disc (9) through the movable column (6). When the temperature inside the distillation chamber (3) rises, the thermal expansion and contraction column (5) extends and drives the piston disc (9) to press down inside the exhaust pipe (7), reducing the flow area of the vent (8) and decreasing the supply of oxygen or air; when the temperature inside the distillation chamber (3) drops, the thermal expansion and contraction column (5) shortens and drives the piston disc (9) to rise inside the exhaust pipe (7), increasing the flow area of the vent (8) and increasing the supply of oxygen or air. The thermal expansion and contraction column (5) includes connectors (501) at both ends and several sub-columns (502) between the two connectors (501). One end of each sub-column (502) has a conical protrusion (503), and the other end has a conical groove (504) that matches the conical protrusion (503). Adjacent sub-columns (502) are movably connected through the conical protrusion (503) and the conical groove (504), so that all sub-columns (502) are connected in a straight line. An elastic element (14) is provided at the bottom of the exhaust pipe (7). The top of the elastic element (14) is connected to the piston disc (9) and is used to generate elastic extrusion force on the piston disc (9), the movable column (6), and the thermal expansion and contraction column (5). When the temperature inside the distillation chamber (3) rises, each sub-column (502) of the thermal expansion and contraction column (5) expands axially and radially. The axial expansion directly causes the thermal expansion and contraction column (5) to elongate, and the radial expansion causes the conical protrusion (503) to widen and the conical groove (504) to narrow. The distance between adjacent sub-columns (502) increases, thereby indirectly causing the thermal expansion and contraction column (5) to elongate. After the thermal expansion and contraction column (5) elongates, the elastic element (14) is compressed. When the temperature inside the distillation chamber (3) drops, each sub-column (502) of the thermal expansion and contraction column (5) contracts axially and radially. The axial contraction directly causes the thermal expansion and contraction column (5) to shorten, and the radial contraction causes the conical protrusion (503) to narrow and the conical groove (504) to widen. The distance between adjacent sub-columns (502) decreases under the compression of the elastic element (14), thereby indirectly causing the thermal expansion and contraction column (5) to shorten.
2. The fluidized bed micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steam combustion mechanism includes a cooler (10), a liquid collection tank (11) and a combustion furnace (12) connected in sequence between the gas outlet of the dry distillation chamber (3) and the gas inlet of the gas supply chamber (4), wherein the combustion furnace (12) is also connected to a blower (13).
3. The fluidized bed micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the generatrix of the cone-shaped protrusion (503) and the cone-shaped groove (504) and the horizontal plane is 60-75°.
4. The fluidized bed micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dry distillation chamber (3) is equipped with a filter mechanism (15) at the gas outlet to filter out material powder mixed in the vapor.
5. A fluidized bed micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The filtration mechanism (15) is a single-stage or multi-stage cyclone separator.
6. A fluidized bed micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The filtration mechanism (15) includes a filter box (151) connected to the gas outlet of the dry distillation chamber (3), a filter screen (152) disposed in the filter box (151), a power box (153) connected to the top of the filter box (151), and a drive fan blade (154) disposed in the power box (153). The lower surface of the filter screen (152) is provided with a rotatable cleaning rod (155). The cleaning rod (155) is connected to the central axis of the drive fan blade (154) after passing through the filter screen (152) via a linkage rod (156). When the steam passes through the filter screen (152) in the filter box (151), the material powder is filtered. When the steam passes through the drive fan blade (154) in the power box (153), the drive fan blade (154) rotates and drives the cleaning rod (155) to rub along the lower surface of the filter screen (152) via the linkage rod (156), thereby cleaning and preventing clogging of the filter screen (152).
7. A fluidized bed micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flow area of the power box (153) is smaller than that of the filter box (151).
8. A micro-aerobic combustion dry distillation method utilizing a fluidized bed, characterized in that, The micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7 includes the following specific steps: Step 1: Material is fed into the dry distillation chamber (3) of the fluidized bed (1), and high-temperature gas is introduced through the gas supply chamber (4). The high-temperature gas passes through the air distribution plate (2) and contacts the material, making the material fluidized. The material is heated and decomposed, producing solid material and vapor, which are discharged separately. Step 2: The discharged steam is introduced into the steam combustion mechanism for combustion. The high-temperature gas generated by combustion is circulated into the gas supply chamber (4) of the fluidized bed (1) to provide heat for material decomposition and form a cycle. Step 3: Air or oxygen is supplied to the gas supply chamber (4) through the air hole (8) on the exhaust pipe (7). When the temperature in the dry distillation chamber (3) rises, the thermal expansion and contraction column (5) extends and drives the piston plate (9) to press down in the exhaust pipe (7), reducing the flow area of the air hole (8) and decreasing the supply of oxygen or air. When the temperature in the dry distillation chamber (3) drops, the thermal expansion and contraction column (5) shortens and drives the piston plate (9) to rise in the exhaust pipe (7), reducing the flow area of the air hole (8) and increasing the supply of oxygen or air. Thus, the supply of oxygen or air is controlled according to the temperature to keep the material from burning completely and to supplement the heat required for the decomposition of the material.