Metal dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a metal dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device, which belongs to the field of metal corrosion protection technology. The device comprises a reactor consisting of a main tank and a sub-tank. The metal to be tested is placed in the main tank with a stirring mechanism. The main tank is connected to a temperature control component, a liquid circulation system, and a gas circulation system, and is used to simulate an underground gas flow environment in the main tank. The top of the main tank can be sealed with a first sealing cover or a second sealing cover with three electrodes. The metal to be tested is connected to the first sealing cover via a tension sensor, and the three electrodes are connected to an electrochemical workstation via wires. The present invention can simulate an underground gas flow environment in the main tank, realize metal corrosion rate monitoring under high temperature and high pressure closed conditions, mutually verify the weight loss method and the electrochemical method, measure the process of acid gas corrosion of the hanging piece, directly observe the mass and state changes of the metal hanging piece before and after corrosion, and measure the corrosion rate of the hanging piece; and measure the polarization curve and electrochemical impedance by electrochemical method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of metal anti-corrosion, and in particular relates to a metal dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device. Background Art

[0002] With the gradual reduction in oil and natural gas extraction costs and the rapid release of production capacity, my country's oil and gas field development has entered a period of rapid growth. However, as water production increases and gas production decreases in gas wells, the tubing and casing are immersed in formation water for a long time, causing severe corrosion, perforation, and even pipe string breakage, resulting in engineering accidents, directly affecting the normal production of gas wells, and posing serious safety and environmental risks, resulting in economic losses.

[0003] In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research on the corrosion mechanism of metal pipes in gas wells, corrosion rate measurement using electrochemical workstations, and corrosion electrochemical behavior, and have achieved a series of results. However, due to the limitations of experimental equipment and technology, most of the research has focused on static corrosion under normal temperature and pressure conditions, while there has been less research on metal corrosion rates during gas well production and gas and water flow. In actual gas field development, since gas and water are constantly flowing and the downhole temperature and pressure are high, the metal corrosion morphology characteristics and metal corrosion rates under high temperature and high pressure conditions in the gas and liquid flow state are bound to be different from those under normal temperature and pressure and static conditions. If the conclusions obtained from static metal corrosion experiments under normal temperature and pressure are applied to actual dynamic corrosion processes in the downhole, it will affect the equipment and pipelines in the subsequent gas field production and transportation process, and may even cause irreparable losses to the development. However, there is currently no device that can measure the dynamic corrosion rate of metals under high temperature and high pressure conditions. In view of this, it is necessary to propose a dedicated or similar device to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a metal dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device, which aims to solve the technical problem that the research conclusions of metal corrosion rates under static conditions and normal temperature and pressure in the prior art are not applicable to the actual dynamic corrosion process in the well.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A metal dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device includes a reactor capable of accommodating a metal to be tested, the reactor comprising a main tank with an open top and a secondary tank at the bottom, the secondary tank being detachably connected to the main tank, the metal to be tested being able to be placed in the main tank, and a stirring mechanism being provided within the main tank; the main tank being connected to a temperature control assembly, and the reactor being connected to a liquid circulation system and a gas circulation system, for simulating an underground gas flow environment within the main tank;

[0007] The top of the main tank is sealed with the first sealing cover, and the metal to be tested is connected to the first sealing cover via a tension sensor for measuring the weight loss of the metal to be tested;

[0008] Alternatively, the top of the main tank is sealed with a second sealing cover with three electrodes, and the three electrodes are connected to an electrochemical workstation through wires for measuring polarization curves and electrochemical impedance.

[0009] Preferably, the liquid circulation system includes a liquid storage tank, a delivery pump and a delivery pipe, the delivery pump is arranged on the delivery pipe, and the output end of the delivery pipe is connected in parallel with a first inflow channel and a second inflow channel, the first inflow channel is connected to the main tank, and the second inflow channel is connected to the auxiliary tank, a liquid storage tank control valve is provided on the delivery pipe, a first control valve is provided on the first inflow channel, and a second control valve is provided on the second inflow channel; an atomization mechanism is provided at the bottom of the auxiliary tank for simulating gas well conditions; the upper part of the main tank is connected to the gas-liquid separator through a mixing channel, a gas-liquid mixing pump is provided on the mixing channel, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the liquid storage tank through a liquid reflux pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the gas circulation system includes a gas source cylinder, an air inlet channel, an air outlet channel and a gas circulation pump, the gas source cylinder is connected to the main tank through the air inlet channel; the air outlet channel is connected to the air outlet of the gas-liquid separator, the gas circulation pump is arranged on the air outlet channel, and the air outlet channel is connected to the gas source cylinder through a branch.

[0011] Preferably, a foam blocking plate is provided in the middle of the gas-liquid separator.

[0012] Preferably, a liquid control valve is provided on the liquid reflux pipe, a gas cylinder control valve is provided at the outlet of the gas source cylinder, the gas outlet channel is connected to the gas source cylinder and the air cylinder respectively through two branches, and a gas control valve is provided on the gas outlet channel and the two branches.

[0013] Preferably, the atomization mechanism includes an atomization sheet and a cotton core, the atomization sheet is arranged at the bottom opening of the main tank, and the cotton core is immersed in the liquid in the auxiliary tank and connected to the atomization sheet.

[0014] Preferably, an annular cavity is provided in the auxiliary tank, a T-shaped slot is provided on the top of the annular cavity and connected to the main tank, and the atomizing piece is arranged in the T-shaped slot; a float magnetic switch for monitoring the liquid level inside the annular cavity is provided on the outside of the annular cavity.

[0015] Preferably, the temperature control assembly includes a heater and a temperature control box, the heater is arranged in the interlayer of the main tank, and the heater is connected to the temperature control box.

[0016] Preferably, a vacuum pressure gauge and a baffle are provided on the first sealing cover, the tension sensor is connected to a computer, and the baffle is used to prevent the gas flow at the inlet of the mixing channel from interfering with the tension sensor.

[0017] Preferably, the three electrodes are an auxiliary electrode, a reference electrode and a working electrode respectively connected to an electrochemical workstation, and the electrochemical workstation is connected to a computer.

[0018] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: compared with the existing technology, the present invention can simulate the underground gas flow environment in the main tank, measure the process of acid gas corrosion coupons by weight loss method and electrochemical method, directly observe the mass change of the metal coupon to be tested before and after corrosion, measure the corrosion rate of the coupon, and clearly observe the state change of the metal coupon during corrosion; at the same time, the metal corrosion rate of the metal coupon to be tested is monitored by electrochemical method to achieve faster and more convenient measurement, which forms a mutual verification with the corrosion rate measured by weight loss method, and can also measure polarization curves and electrochemical impedance. The present invention realizes the monitoring of metal corrosion rate under high temperature and high pressure closed conditions, which not only solves the problem that the current electrochemical workstation cannot measure metal corrosion rate under high temperature conditions, but also fills the technical gap in the measurement of metal corrosion under acid gas flow conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a metal dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device (when monitoring using the weight loss method) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device for metals (when using electrochemical monitoring);

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Outline drawing of the middle auxiliary tank;

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Half-section structural diagram of the middle auxiliary tank;

[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Half-section view of the main tank and auxiliary tank;

[0025] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A top view of the first sealing cover;

[0026] Figure 7 yes Figure 2A top view of the second sealing cover;

[0027] Figure 8 This is the impedance spectrum of carbon steel at different times in circulating cooling water;

[0028] Figure 9 It is the electrochemical curve of carbon steel in circulating cooling water at different periods;

[0029] In the figure: 1-liquid storage tank, 2-liquid storage tank control valve, 3-delivery pump, 4-first control valve, 5-second control valve, 6-second inflow channel, 7-first inflow channel; 8-stirring mechanism, 9-atomizing plate, 10-return pipe, 11-liquid control valve, 12-tension sensor, 13-heater, 14-gas source cylinder, 15-temperature control box, 16-baffle, 17-mixing channel, 18-gas-liquid mixing pump, 19-gas-liquid separator, 20-foam blocking plate, 2 1-gas outlet channel, 22-gas control valve; 23-air bottle, 24-electrochemical workstation; 25-gas circulation pump, 27-first sealing cover, 28-vacuum pressure gauge, 29-gas inlet channel, 30-gas bottle control valve, 31-main tank, 32-computer, 33-auxiliary tank, 34-cotton core, 35-float magnetic switch, 37-second sealing cover, 38-auxiliary electrode, 39-reference electrode, 40-working electrode, 41-annular cavity, 42-T-slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] See also Figure 1 、 2 The present invention provides a metal dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device, which includes a reactor capable of accommodating a metal to be tested. The reactor includes a main tank 31 with an open top and a sub-tank 33 at the bottom. The sub-tank 33 is detachably connected to the main tank 31. The metal to be tested can be placed in the main tank 31. A stirring mechanism 8 is provided in the main tank 31. The main tank 31 is connected to a temperature control component, and the reactor is connected to a liquid circulation system and a gas circulation system, which are used to simulate an underground gas flow environment in the main tank 31 and simulate the process of acidic gas corrosion of a hanging piece under high-temperature, high-pressure and closed conditions.

[0032] The top of the main tank 31 is sealed against the first sealing cap 27. The metal to be tested is connected to the first sealing cap 27 via a tension sensor 12, which is used to measure the weight loss of the metal to be tested. By attaching a metal coupon to the tension sensor, the weight change of the coupon before and after corrosion can be directly observed, the corrosion rate of the coupon can be measured, and the state changes of the metal coupon during corrosion can be clearly observed.

[0033] Alternatively, the top of the main tank 31 is sealed with a second sealing cap 37 equipped with three electrodes. These electrodes are connected to the electrochemical workstation 24 via wires for measuring polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The metal to be tested is mounted on the working electrode of the three electrodes. Electrochemical methods can achieve faster and more convenient measurement of metal corrosion rates, providing mutual verification with corrosion rates measured by weight loss monitoring.

[0034] This device not only solves the problem that the current electrochemical workstation cannot measure metal corrosion rate under high temperature conditions, but also fills the technical gap in the measurement of metal corrosion under acidic gas flow conditions.

[0035] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 、 2 As shown, the liquid circulation system includes a liquid reservoir 1, a delivery pump 3 and a delivery pipe. The delivery pump 3 is arranged on the delivery pipe. The output end of the delivery pipe is connected in parallel with a first inflow channel 7 and a second inflow channel 6. The first inflow channel 7 is connected to the main tank 31, and the second inflow channel 6 is connected to the auxiliary tank 33. A liquid reservoir control valve 2 is provided on the delivery pipe, a first control valve 4 is provided on the first inflow channel 7, and a second control valve 5 is provided on the second inflow channel 6; an atomization mechanism with a liquid atomization function is provided at the bottom of the auxiliary tank 33, which is used to simulate gas well conditions; the upper part of the main tank 31 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 19 through a mixing channel 17, and a gas-liquid mixing pump 18 is provided on the mixing channel 17. The gas-liquid separator 19 is connected to the liquid reservoir 1 through a liquid reflux pipe 10. The delivery pump adopts a centrifugal pump to realize liquid circulation. At the same time, the gas circulation system includes a gas source cylinder 14, an air inlet channel 29, an air outlet channel 21, a gas circulation pump 25, and an air cylinder 23. The gas source cylinder 14 is connected to the main tank 31 through the air inlet channel 29; the air outlet channel 21 is connected to the air outlet of the gas-liquid separator 19, and the gas circulation pump 25 is set on the air outlet channel 21. The air outlet channel 21 is connected to the air cylinder 23 and the gas source cylinder 14 through two branches respectively. The air cylinder 23 is used to realize the gas storage function after the experiment. The gas is introduced into the main tank 31 of the reactor through the air inlet channel, and the gas circulation pump 25 realizes the dynamic circulation of the gas in the device, providing gas and a high-pressure environment to simulate the underground gas flow environment.

[0036] To further optimize the above technical solution, a foam blocking plate 20 is provided in the middle of the gas-liquid separator 19 to prevent small liquid droplets from entering the gas outlet channel 21 .

[0037] As a preferred structure, the liquid return pipe 10 is equipped with a liquid control valve 11, the outlet of the gas source cylinder 14 is equipped with a cylinder control valve 30, and the gas outlet channel 21 and both branches are equipped with gas control valves 22. Each control valve is connected to a control cabinet, which realizes the automatic control of the device.

[0038] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 、 2 As shown, the atomization mechanism includes an atomizer plate 9 and a cotton wick 34. The atomizer plate 9 is positioned at the bottom opening of the main tank 31. The cotton wick 34 is immersed in the liquid in the auxiliary tank 33 and connected to the atomizer plate 9. The auxiliary tank 33 includes an annular cavity 41, with a T-slot 42 at its top that connects to the main tank. The atomizer plate is positioned within this T-slot. A magnetic float switch 35 is located outside the annular cavity 41 to monitor the liquid level. Both the atomizer plate 9 and the cotton wick 34 are circular, allowing the cotton wick 34 to be placed within the annular cavity 41. The atomizer plate 9 is made of piezoelectric ceramic. When a high-frequency electrical signal is applied, it generates high-frequency vibrations, atomizing the liquid in the annular cotton wick into small droplets, simulating gas well conditions. Simultaneously, the float of the magnetic float switch moves up and down according to the rise or fall of the liquid level in the auxiliary tank, thus monitoring the liquid level.

[0039] At the same time, the stirring mechanism is powered by a motor, and cooperates with the gas circulation pump and atomizing sheet to simulate the gas flow environment in the main tank.

[0040] In specific production, the temperature control assembly includes a heater 13 and a temperature control box 15. The heater 13 is set in the interlayer of the main tank 31 and is connected to the temperature control box 15. The temperature control box is used to control the temperature of the heater, and a high temperature and high pressure environment can be simulated in the main tank 31.

[0041] like Figure 1 、 Figure 6 As shown, the first sealing cover 7 is provided with a vacuum pressure gauge 28 and a baffle 16. The tension sensor 12 is connected to a computer 32. The baffle can be used to prevent the gas flow at the mixing channel inlet from interfering with the tension sensor. The vacuum pressure gauge measures both positive and negative pressure, allowing the computer to monitor the tension in real time.

[0042] like Figure 2 、 Figure 7As shown, the three electrodes are an auxiliary electrode 38 , a reference electrode 39 and a working electrode 40 connected to an electrochemical workstation 24 , and the electrochemical workstation 24 is connected to a computer 32 .

[0043] The specific application process of the present invention is as follows:

[0044] After the metal to be tested is cleaned and dried, it is hung with the tension sensor 12, the first sealing cover 27 is installed on the main tank 31, the heater 13 is turned on, and the temperature of the main tank 31 is controlled by the temperature control box 15; the liquid reservoir control valve 2, the delivery pump 3 and the first control valve 4 are opened, and the liquid in the liquid reservoir 1 flows into the auxiliary tank 33 of the reactor through the centrifugal pump and the first inflow channel 7, the atomizing plate 9 is energized, and the annular cotton core 34 in the auxiliary tank 33 absorbs the liquid and atomizes it into the main tank 31 of the reactor through the atomizing plate 9; thereafter, the gas cylinder control valve 30 of the gas source cylinder 14 is opened, and due to the effect of pressure, the gas in the gas source cylinder 14 is introduced into the main tank through the air inlet channel 29 31; the heater 13 and the temperature control box 15 are turned on, and the expected temperature is set so that the heater reaches the expected temperature and maintains a constant temperature; when the vacuum pressure gauge 28 reaches the expected pressure, the gas cylinder control valve 30 is closed, and then the control valve on the mixing channel 17 and the gas-liquid mixing pump 18 are opened to introduce the gas and atomized liquid into the gas-liquid separator 19. Under the action of gravity, the liquid will enter the return pipe 10. The foam blocking plate 20 in the gas-liquid separator 19 plays a role in preventing small droplets from entering the return pipe 10. Then, the gas circulation pump 25, the gas control valve 22, and the liquid control valve 11 are opened to allow the gas and small droplets to circulate in the entire device. During the experiment, the vacuum pressure gauge 28 is observed. If the pressure is lower than the specified pressure, the control valve on the mixing channel 17 and the gas-liquid mixing pump 18 are closed, and the gas cylinder control valve 14 is opened to allow the reactor main tank to reach the expected pressure; thereafter, the above gas circulation steps are repeated until the end of the experiment.

[0045] Furthermore, during the experiment, the temperature control box 15 is adjusted at the same interval to dry the gas and liquid in the main tank of the reactor. The tension sensor 12 is observed to monitor the tension in real time. The tension can be expressed as a function of F=F(M, D). The metal corrosion rate can then be obtained from the corrosion rate R.

[0046] R = R(F, S, T, t, P);

[0047] in:

[0048] M is the mass of the metal to be measured, g;

[0049] D is the material density, kg / m 3 ;

[0050] S is the total area of ​​the metal to be measured, cm 2 ;

[0051] T is the temperature in the reactor, °C;

[0052] t is the experimental time, h;

[0053] P is the reactor pressure, MPa.

[0054] When the experiment is over, close the liquid storage tank control valve 2, the first control valve 4, the gas control valve 22 on the branch between the gas circulation pump and the gas source cylinder 14, and the cylinder control valve 30; open the control valve on the control valve mixing channel 17, the gas control valve 22 on the gas outlet channel, the liquid control valve 11 and the gas control valve 22 on the branch entering the air cylinder for gas and liquid recovery.

[0055] The measurement process using the electrochemical method is as follows: After the three electrodes are installed on the second sealing cover 37, the metal to be measured is installed on the working electrode 40, and then the cover is sealed to the tank mouth of the main tank 31. The three electrodes are connected to the external electrochemical workstation 24; first, the liquid reservoir control valve 2, the centrifugal pump 3 and the second control valve 5 are opened, and the acidic liquid in the liquid reservoir 1 enters the reactor main tank 31 through the second liquid inflow channel 6. After that, the control valve on the mixing channel 17 and the liquid control valve 11 on the reflux pipe 10 are opened to allow the liquid to circulate in the liquid reservoir 1 and the reactor; turn on the heater 13 and the temperature control box 15, and set the expected temperature so that the heater reaches the expected temperature and maintains a constant temperature; turn on the electrochemical workstation 24, first measure its open circuit potential, and after the open circuit potential stabilizes, perform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization curve tests in turn, and then the metal corrosion rate can be monitored in real time. Figure 8 、 Figure 9 They are the impedance spectra and electrochemical curves of carbon steel at different times in circulating cooling water.

[0056] In summary, the present invention can perform both weight loss measurement and electrochemical measurement. Through the atomization combination of gas and liquid, the actual environment and conditions after water production in the gas well can be simulated, so that the entire device can achieve metering and monitoring of gas well corrosion, monitor metal corrosion rate under high temperature and high pressure closed conditions, and monitor the corrosion rate, corrosion state changes, polarization curves and electrochemical impedance during the metal corrosion process; it achieves accurate measurement of the metal corrosion rate at each stage of the entire metal corrosion process, solves the problem of being unable to obtain accurate experimental data in scientific research and production, and fills the technical gap in corrosion rate measurement equipment during metal corrosion under high temperature, high pressure or acidic gas flow conditions.

[0057] The present invention combines weight loss and electrochemical methods to form a cross-reference. The weight loss method monitors the weight change before and after corrosion to measure the corrosion rate, and can also observe changes in metal morphology during the corrosion process. However, the weight loss method only monitors the overall corrosion of the metal and cannot detect localized corrosion. Electrochemical detection is simpler and faster, and the information obtained is rich and reliable, which can be used for complementary verification with the weight loss method. This solves the problem of existing metal corrosion or corrosion inhibitor research that cannot be used to quantitatively monitor corrosion rates under high temperature, high pressure, or flowing acidic gas conditions.

[0058] In the above description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed above.

Claims

1. A metal dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device, characterized by: The reactor comprises a reactor capable of accommodating the metal to be tested, the reactor comprising a main tank with an open top and a secondary tank at the bottom, the secondary tank being detachably connected to the main tank, the metal to be tested being able to be placed in the main tank, and the main tank being provided with a stirring mechanism; the main tank being connected to a temperature control assembly, and the reactor being connected to a liquid circulation system and a gas circulation system, for simulating an underground gas flow environment in the main tank; The liquid circulation system includes a liquid reservoir, a delivery pump and a delivery pipe. The delivery pump is arranged on the delivery pipe. The output end of the delivery pipe is connected in parallel with a first inflow channel and a second inflow channel. The first inflow channel is connected to the main tank, and the second inflow channel is connected to the auxiliary tank. A liquid reservoir control valve is provided on the delivery pipe, a first control valve is provided on the first inflow channel, and a second control valve is provided on the second inflow channel. An atomizing mechanism is provided at the bottom of the auxiliary tank for simulating gas well conditions. The upper part of the main tank is connected to a gas-liquid separator through a mixing channel. A gas-liquid mixing pump is provided on the mixing channel. The gas-liquid separator is connected to the liquid reservoir through a liquid reflux pipe. The gas circulation system includes a gas source cylinder, an air inlet channel, an air outlet channel and a gas circulation pump. The gas source cylinder is connected to the main tank through the air inlet channel; the air outlet channel is connected to the air outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the gas circulation pump is arranged on the air outlet channel, and the air outlet channel is connected to the gas source cylinder through a branch line. The atomizing mechanism includes an atomizing sheet and a cotton core. The atomizing sheet is arranged at the bottom opening of the main tank. The cotton core is immersed in the liquid in the auxiliary tank and is connected to the atomizing sheet. The top of the main tank is sealed with the first sealing cover, and the metal to be tested is connected to the first sealing cover via a tension sensor for measuring the weight loss of the metal to be tested; Alternatively, the top of the main tank is sealed with a second sealing cover having three electrodes, and the three electrodes are connected to an electrochemical workstation via wires for measuring polarization curves and electrochemical impedance; By combining the weight loss method and the electrochemical method, a mutual comparison is formed.

2. The metal dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A foam blocking plate is provided in the middle of the gas-liquid separator.

3. The metal dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid return pipe is provided with a liquid control valve, the outlet of the gas source cylinder is provided with a gas cylinder control valve, the gas outlet channel is connected to the gas source cylinder and the air cylinder respectively through two branches, and the gas outlet channel and the two branches are provided with gas control valves.

4. The metal dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular cavity is provided in the auxiliary tank, a T-shaped slot is provided on the top of the annular cavity and is connected to the main tank, and the atomizing piece is arranged in the T-shaped slot; a float magnetic switch for monitoring the liquid level inside the annular cavity is provided on the outside of the annular cavity.

5. The metal dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control component includes a heater and a temperature control box. The heater is arranged in the interlayer of the main tank, and the heater is connected to the temperature control box.

6. The metal dynamic corrosion rate monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first sealing cover is provided with a vacuum pressure gauge and a baffle. The tension sensor is connected to a computer. The baffle is used to prevent the gas flow at the inlet of the mixing channel from interfering with the tension sensor.

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