Apparatus and method for precise adjustment of atomic transverse motion trajectories

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of device for accurately adjusting the trajectory of atomic transverse motion, including bellows, first threaded rod, second threaded rod, third threaded rod, first piezoelectric ceramic, second piezoelectric ceramic, third piezoelectric ceramic, piezoelectric ceramic drive, atom source cavity, interference cavity, detection cavity, atom source, upper raman light, first 1 / 4 wave plate, first 0 ° mirror, lower raman light, front raman light, second 1 / 4 wave plate, second 0 ° mirror, rear raman light, upper detection light, third 0 ° mirror, lower detection light, fluorescence collection device, photodetector, ion pump, vacuum pipeline, adapter flange, signal acquisition device and computer.The present application can realize the precise adjustment of the trajectory of atomic motion without affecting the parameters of atom itself.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of precision measurement technology related to rotation and acceleration in cold atom interferometry, and relates to a device and method for adjusting the lateral motion trajectory of atoms, particularly a device and method for precisely adjusting the lateral motion trajectory of atoms. Background Technology

[0002] Atomic interferometric gyroscopes possess advantages such as ultra-high precision, independence from GPS, and no long-term drift, making them promising for applications in inertial measurement, fundamental physics research, and geology. Currently, common atomic interferometric gyroscopes mainly have two structures, employing cold atomic clusters as the sensing medium. The former operates in pulse mode, offering relatively precise control but suffers from a measurement dead zone and limited measurement bandwidth; the latter operates continuously, constantly acquiring the angular velocity of the carrier, resulting in a large measurement bandwidth and thus possessing greater application potential in the inertial field.

[0003] To achieve interferometric measurements, cold atomic clusters are typically launched at a specific angle, and their trajectories are strictly controlled to achieve high Raman laser efficiency and high-quality interference fringes. Furthermore, in projectile interferometers, the trajectories of the two opposing atomic clusters must coincide in space to suppress common-mode noise and achieve decoupled measurement of rotation and acceleration. Typically, the trajectory of the atomic clusters can be controlled by adjusting parameters such as the power and frequency of the cooling light and the magnetic field; however, this usually affects the cooling effect and velocity parameters of the atomic clusters, and the adjustment range is limited.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve precise adjustment of the trajectory of atoms without affecting their own parameters, and fully utilize the potential of atomic interferometry in high-precision measurement, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.

[0005] A search revealed no patent documents of the same or similar prior art as this invention. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a device and method for precisely adjusting the lateral motion trajectory of atoms, which can achieve precise adjustment of their motion trajectory without affecting the parameters of the atoms themselves.

[0007] The present invention solves its practical problem by adopting the following technical solution:

[0008] A device for precisely adjusting the lateral motion trajectory of atoms includes a bellows, a first threaded rod, a second threaded rod, a third threaded rod, a first piezoelectric ceramic, a second piezoelectric ceramic, a third piezoelectric ceramic, a piezoelectric ceramic drive, an atomic source cavity, an interference cavity, a detection cavity, an atomic source, an upper Raman beam, a first quarter-wave plate, a first 0° reflector, a lower Raman beam, a front Raman beam, a second quarter-wave plate, a second 0° reflector, a rear Raman beam, an upper detection beam, a third 0° reflector, a lower detection beam, a fluorescence collection device, a photodetector, an ion pump, a vacuum pipe, a connecting flange, a signal acquisition device, and a computer.

[0009] The atomic source cavity can be made of non-magnetic materials such as titanium alloy (or aluminum alloy, non-magnetic stainless steel, glass), and there is an alkali metal (or alkaline earth metal) atomic source in the center of the cavity generated by a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap. The atomic source moves to the right along the atomic path under optical control.

[0010] The right end face of the atomic source cavity is connected to a transition flange, and it is connected to the left end face of the interference cavity through an atomic trajectory adjustment device.

[0011] Furthermore, the atomic trajectory adjustment device includes a first threaded rod, a second threaded rod, a third threaded rod, a first piezoelectric ceramic, a second piezoelectric ceramic, and a third piezoelectric ceramic;

[0012] The piezoelectric ceramic drive provides corresponding driving voltage signals to the first piezoelectric ceramic, the second piezoelectric ceramic, and the third piezoelectric ceramic, respectively.

[0013] The atomic source cavity, interference cavity, and detector cavity constitute a sealed space, which is maintained by an ion pump at a vacuum level of 1×10⁻⁶. -7 Pa provides an ultra-high vacuum environment for the entire experiment;

[0014] The atomic source cavity and the interference cavity are connected by an atomic trajectory adjustment device, and the interference cavity and the detection cavity are connected by a vacuum pipe.

[0015] Moreover, the cavity material of the interference cavity is the same as that of the atomic source cavity, and an ion pump is installed on the front surface. The two are connected by a vacuum pipe. There are circular windows on the top, bottom, front, and back sides. Each window is fitted with window glass coated with a 780nm anti-reflection film, with an effective light transmission aperture of 30mm.

[0016] The upper Raman light is incident through the upper surface of the interference cavity, passes through the atomic trajectory at the center of the cavity, exits from the lower surface, and passes through the first 1 / 4 wave plate and the first 0° mirror in sequence. After passing through the first 1 / 4 wave plate again, it forms the lower Raman light.

[0017] The upper Raman beam and the lower Raman beam are completely overlapped in the vertical direction, their polarization states are orthogonal to each other, and the beam spot diameter is 25 mm.

[0018] When the atomic source interacts with the two Raman beams mentioned above, the resonance frequency of the interaction between the atom and the Raman beam can be obtained by scanning the Raman spectrum, thereby calculating the angle between the atomic trajectory and the upper Raman beam.

[0019] Moreover, the upper probe light with an incident size of 20mm×5mm on the upper end face of the probe cavity has a frequency resonating with the F=2→F'=3 transition of the rubidium 87 atom. It passes through the center of the cavity perpendicular to the atomic trajectory, and then is reflected by the third 0° reflector to form the lower probe light.

[0020] The upper and lower probe beams coincide in the vertical direction and have the same polarization.

[0021] When the atomic source flies to the center of the detection cavity via the atomic trajectory, it emits a fluorescent signal under the combined illumination of the upper and lower detection lights. The fluorescent signal is collected by the fluorescence collection device installed on the front surface of the detection cavity and then converted into an electrical signal in the photodetector.

[0022] Furthermore, the signal acquisition device transmits the fluorescence signal of the atoms to a computer via a coaxial cable for signal monitoring, data recording, and processing.

[0023] A method for precisely controlling the lateral motion trajectory of atoms includes the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: By scanning the driving control voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic, the angle of atomic motion in the front and back directions is adjusted. Specifically, Raman light is applied to the atomic source in the front and back directions of the interference cavity, and the received atomic signal is monitored by a photodetector. The data output by the signal acquisition device is curve-fitted by a computer to obtain the driving control voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic corresponding to the optimal Raman effect efficiency, and this control voltage value is set as the driving control voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic.

[0025] Step 2: After adjusting the atomic motion trajectory in the forward and backward directions, the voltage scanning steps are sent to the second and third piezoelectric ceramics with opposite directions. In the up and down directions of the interference cavity, Raman lasers are used to act on the atomic source. The atomic signals received by the photodetector are monitored in the same way. The data output by the signal acquisition device is fitted by the computer to obtain the driving control voltage of the second and third piezoelectric ceramics corresponding to the optimal Raman efficiency in the up and down directions. The second driving voltage value and the third driving voltage value are set as the driving control voltage of the second and third piezoelectric ceramics.

[0026] Step 3: By precisely controlling the travel distance and minimum precession increment of the three piezoelectric ceramics, the large-scale and fine-scale adjustment of the atomic motion trajectory can be achieved respectively.

[0027] Advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0028] 1. This invention proposes a device and method for precisely adjusting the lateral trajectory of atoms. By controlling the linear displacement between three piezoelectric ceramics, the lateral two-dimensional angle of the atomic trajectory can be precisely adjusted to the sub-micro-radian level, maximizing the efficiency of the atomic-Raman interaction. This adjustment method does not require changes to the laser and magnetic field parameters, and can bring out the best performance of the atomic source.

[0029] 2. This invention uses an electronic control method to adjust the atomic motion trajectory, which has good repeatability and high positioning accuracy. The adjustment angle and resolution can be controlled by the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic. This method is applicable to all types of atomic interferometer sensing systems. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention;

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0032] Detailed Implementation

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0034] A device for precisely adjusting the lateral trajectory of atoms, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a bellows 404, a first threaded rod 401, a second threaded rod 402, a third threaded rod 403, a first piezoelectric ceramic 411, a second piezoelectric ceramic 412, a third piezoelectric ceramic 413, a piezoelectric ceramic drive 410, an atomic source cavity 101, an interference cavity 103, a detector cavity 105, an atomic source 111, an upper Raman beam 201, a first quarter-wave plate 203, a first 0° reflector 204, a lower Raman beam 202, a front Raman beam 211, a second quarter-wave plate 213, a second 0° reflector 214, a rear Raman beam 212, an upper detector beam 301, a third 0° reflector 303, a lower detector beam 302, a fluorescence collection device 311, a photodetector 312, an ion pump 106, a vacuum pipe 104, a transition flange 102, a signal acquisition device 313, and a computer 314.

[0035] The atomic source cavity 101 is made of titanium alloy. At the center of the cavity is an atomic source 111 generated by a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap. The atomic source 111 moves to the right along the atomic trajectory 112 under optical control.

[0036] The right end face of the atomic source cavity 101 is connected to the adapter flange 102, and is connected to the left end face of the interference cavity 103 through the atomic trajectory adjustment device 400;

[0037] In this embodiment, the atomic trajectory adjustment device 400 includes a first threaded rod 401, a second threaded rod 402, a third threaded rod 403, a first piezoelectric ceramic 411, a second piezoelectric ceramic 412, and a third piezoelectric ceramic 413.

[0038] The piezoelectric ceramic drive 410 provides corresponding drive voltage signals to the first piezoelectric ceramic 411, the second piezoelectric ceramic 412 and the third piezoelectric ceramic 413 respectively.

[0039] The atomic source cavity 101, interference cavity 103, and detector cavity 105 constitute a sealed space, which is maintained by an ion pump 106 with a vacuum level of 1×10⁻⁶. -7 Pa provides an ultra-high vacuum environment for the entire experiment;

[0040] The atomic source cavity 101 and the interference cavity 103 are connected by an atomic trajectory adjustment device 400, and the interference cavity 103 and the detection cavity 105 are connected by a vacuum tube 104.

[0041] In this embodiment, the cavity material of the interference cavity 103 is the same as that of the atomic source cavity 101. An ion pump 106 is installed on the front surface. The two are connected by a vacuum pipe. Circular windows are opened on the top, bottom, front, and back sides. Each window is fitted with window glass coated with a 780nm anti-reflection film, and the effective light transmission aperture is 30mm.

[0042] The upper Raman light 201 is incident through the upper surface of the interference cavity 103, passes through the atomic trajectory 112 at the center of the cavity, exits from the lower surface, and passes through the first quarter wave plate 203 and the first 0° reflector 204 in sequence. After passing through the first quarter wave plate 203 again, it forms the lower Raman light 202.

[0043] The upper Raman beam 201 and the lower Raman beam 202 are completely overlapped in the vertical direction, their polarization states are orthogonal, and their spot diameters are both 25 mm.

[0044] When the atomic source 111 interacts with the two Raman beams mentioned above, the resonance frequency of the interaction between the atom and the Raman beam can be obtained by scanning the Raman spectrum, thereby calculating the angle between the atomic trajectory 112 and the upper Raman beam 201. The ideal angle should be 90°.

[0045] It should be noted that the above-mentioned resonant frequency should compensate for the Doppler frequency shift caused by gravity. Based on the actual angle deviation between the atomic trajectory 112 and the upper Raman beam 201, the driving voltages of the second piezoelectric ceramic 412 and the third piezoelectric ceramic 413 are continuously adjusted, which can drive the second threaded rod 402 and the third threaded rod 403 to move in different directions until the experimental requirements are met.

[0046] Assume the angle between atomic trajectory 112 and upper Raman light 201 is 90° ± α. yThe output voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic driver 410 that needs to be adjusted is Δ U y The distance between the two threaded rods 402 and 403 in the vertical direction is L y The scaling factors of the second piezoelectric ceramic 412 and the third piezoelectric ceramic 413 are: K y Then there is

[0047] (1)

[0048] Similarly, the pre-Raman beam 211 is incident through the front surface of the interference cavity 103, passes through the atomic trajectory 112 at the center of the cavity, exits from the rear surface, and sequentially passes through the second quarter-wave plate 213, the second 0° reflector 214, and then passes through the second quarter-wave plate 213 again to form the post-Raman beam 212. The pre-Raman beam 211 and the post-Raman beam 212 are completely coincident in the front-back direction, their polarization states are orthogonal, and their spot diameters are both 25 mm. When the atomic source 111 interacts with the two Raman beams, the resonance frequency of the interaction between the atom and the Raman beam can be obtained by scanning the Raman spectrum, thereby calculating the angle between the atomic trajectory 112 and the pre-Raman beam 211. The ideal angle should be 90°. Based on the deviation of the actual angle between the atomic trajectory 112 and the pre-Raman beam 211, the driving voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic 411 is continuously adjusted, which can drive the first threaded rod 401 to move in different directions until the experimental requirements are met.

[0049] Assume the angle between atomic trajectory 112 and the pre-Raman beam 211 is 90°±α. x The output voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic driver 410 that needs to be adjusted is Δ U x The distance of the first threaded rod 401 is L x The scaling factor of piezoelectric ceramic 411 is K x Then there is

[0050] (2)

[0051] The material of the detection cavity 105 is the same as that of the interference cavity 103 and the atomic source cavity 101, and its left end face is coaxially connected to the interference cavity 103 through a vacuum pipe 104.

[0052] The inner diameter of the vacuum pipe 104 is 35 mm. The front and rear end faces and the upper and lower end faces of the detection cavity 105 have circular windows with diameters of 50 mm and 60 mm, respectively. Each window is fitted with window glass coated with a 780 nm anti-reflection film, and the effective light transmission apertures are 35 mm and 40 mm, respectively.

[0053] In this embodiment, the upper probe light 301 with an incident size of 20mm×5mm is incident on the upper end face of the probe cavity 105. Its frequency is resonant with the F=2→F'=3 transition of the rubidium 87 atom. It passes through the center of the cavity perpendicular to the atomic trajectory 112, and then is reflected by the third 0° reflector 303 to form the lower probe light 302.

[0054] The upper probe beam 301 and the lower probe beam 302 coincide in the vertical direction and have the same polarization.

[0055] When the atomic source 111 flies to the center of the detection cavity 105 via the atomic trajectory 112, it emits a fluorescent signal under the combined illumination of the upper detection light 301 and the lower detection light 302. The fluorescent signal is collected by the fluorescence collection device 311 installed on the front surface of the detection cavity 105 and then converted into an electrical signal in the photodetector 312.

[0056] In this embodiment, the signal acquisition device 313 transmits the fluorescence signal of the atoms to the computer 314 via a coaxial cable for signal monitoring, data recording and processing.

[0057] A method for precisely controlling the lateral motion trajectory of atoms includes the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: By scanning the driving control voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic 411, the angle of atomic motion in the front and back directions is adjusted. Specifically, the atomic source 111 is acted on by the front Raman light 211 and the back Raman light 212 in the front and back directions of the interference cavity 103, and the received atomic signal is monitored by the photodetector 312. The data output by the signal acquisition device 313 is curve fitted by the computer 314 to obtain the driving control voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic 411 corresponding to the optimal Raman interaction efficiency, and the control voltage value is set as the driving control voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic 411.

[0059] Step 2: After adjusting the atomic motion trajectory in the forward and backward directions, the voltage scanning steps are sent to the second piezoelectric ceramic 412 and the third piezoelectric ceramic 413 with opposite voltages. The atomic source is acted on by the upper Raman light 201 and the lower Raman light 202 in the up and down directions of the interference cavity 103. The atomic signals received by the photodetector 312 are monitored in the same way. The data output by the signal acquisition device 313 is fitted by the computer 314 to obtain the driving control voltage of the second piezoelectric ceramic 412 and the driving control voltage of the third piezoelectric ceramic 413 corresponding to the optimal Raman efficiency in the up and down directions. The second driving voltage value and the third driving voltage value are set as the driving control voltage of the second piezoelectric ceramic and the third piezoelectric ceramic.

[0060] Step 3: By precisely controlling the travel distance and minimum precession increment of the three piezoelectric ceramics, the large-scale and fine-scale adjustment of the atomic motion trajectory can be achieved respectively.

[0061] Taking Newfoucs' piezoelectric ceramics as an example, its minimum linear increment distance is 30nm, the maximum travel distance is 12.7mm, the vertical distance of the atomic trajectory adjustment device is 100mm, and the horizontal distance is 57mm. Using the above adjustment device, minimum adjustment accuracy of 0.6μrad and 0.52μrad can be achieved in the vertical and horizontal directions of the atomic motion trajectory, respectively, as well as angle adjustment ranges of ±3.64° and ±6.38°.

[0062] The innovation of this invention lies in:

[0063] A device for precisely adjusting the lateral motion trajectory of atoms includes a bellows, a first threaded rod, a second threaded rod, a third threaded rod, a first piezoelectric ceramic, a second piezoelectric ceramic, a third piezoelectric ceramic, a piezoelectric ceramic drive, an atomic source cavity, an interference cavity, a detector cavity, an atomic source, an upper Raman beam, a first quarter-wave plate, a first 0° reflector, a lower Raman beam, a front Raman beam, a second quarter-wave plate, a second 0° reflector, a rear Raman beam, an upper detector beam, a third 0° reflector, a lower detector beam, a fluorescence collection device, a photodetector, an ion pump, a vacuum pipe, a connecting flange, a signal acquisition device, and a computer.

[0064] The core components of the atomic transverse motion trajectory adjustment device consist of a bellows and three threaded rods, all made of non-magnetic stainless steel, which provides excellent thermal stability. Each threaded rod has a piezoelectric ceramic mounted on its threaded adjustment section, and each piezoelectric ceramic is connected to a piezoelectric ceramic drive via a control line. The precession direction of the piezoelectric ceramic is determined by the sign of the control voltage, and the precession distance is determined by the magnitude of the control voltage driving the piezoelectric ceramic.

[0065] The adjustment of the atomic lateral motion trajectory mainly includes angle adjustment in the forward / backward and vertical directions, which is achieved by controlling the precession of three piezoelectric ceramics in combination. Forward / backward angle adjustment is achieved by controlling the first piezoelectric ceramic; the maximum adjustment angle depends on the linear precession distance of the first piezoelectric ceramic, and the minimum adjustment angle depends on the resolution of the control voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic. Vertical angle adjustment is achieved by coordinating the control of the second and third piezoelectric ceramics; the maximum adjustment angle depends on the sum of the linear precession distances of the second and third piezoelectric ceramics, and the minimum adjustment angle depends on the minimum resolution of the control voltages of the second and third piezoelectric ceramics.

[0066] The atomic source cavity, interference cavity, and detector cavity constitute a sealed space, which is maintained by an ion pump with a vacuum level of 1×10⁻⁶. -7 Pa provides an ultra-high vacuum environment for the entire experiment. The atomic source cavity and the interference cavity are connected by a transition flange and an atomic transverse motion trajectory adjustment device, while the interference cavity and the detection cavity are connected by a vacuum pipeline.

[0067] The right end face of the atomic source cavity is connected to the left end face of the interference cavity through a bellows. At the geometric center of the atomic source cavity, there is an atomic source formed by the combined action of cooling laser and magnetic field. The atomic source is ejected along the line connecting the center of the atomic source cavity and the interference cavity. The ejection speed is controlled by the frequency of the cooling light, and the direction of motion is from the atomic source cavity to the interference cavity.

[0068] The left and right sides of the interference cavity are connected to the atomic source cavity and the detector cavity via pipes, respectively. Circular windows are opened on all four sides (top, bottom, front, and back), each fitted with window glass coated with a 780nm antireflection film, with an effective aperture of 30mm. The propagation direction of the Raman laser is perpendicular to the atomic trajectory. The upper Raman light enters through the upper window of the interference cavity, passes through the lower window, and then sequentially passes through the first quarter-wave plate and the first 0° mirror to form the lower Raman light, which travels from bottom to top. The front Raman light enters through the front window, passes through the rear window, and then sequentially passes through the second quarter-wave plate and the second 0° mirror to form the back Raman light, which travels from back to front. All Raman lights are linearly polarized. The polarization states of the upper and lower Raman lights are orthogonal, as are the polarization states of the front and back Raman lights. The diameter of the four Raman laser spots is 25mm.

[0069] The detector cavity has a cubic structure, with its left end face coaxially and sealed with the right end face of the interference cavity via a vacuum tube with an inner diameter of 35 mm. The front and rear end faces and the top and bottom end faces of the detector cavity have circular windows with diameters of 50 mm and 60 mm, respectively. Each window is fitted with window glass coated with a 780 nm antireflection film, with effective light-transmitting apertures of 35 mm and 40 mm, respectively. A 20 mm × 5 mm probe light beam is incident on the upper end face of the detector cavity, with a frequency resonating with the F=2→F'=3 transition of the rubidium-87 atom. A third 0° reflector is installed on the lower end face to reflect the incident upper probe light, forming the lower probe light. The upper and lower rectangular beams strictly coincide at the atomic flight trajectory positions and are coaxial with the upper and lower glass windows. A fluorescence collection device is installed on the front end face of the detector cavity, housing both a fluorescence collector and a photodetector. The output signal of the photodetector is connected to a signal acquisition device and transmitted to a computer via a data cable for subsequent signal processing and data analysis.

[0070] The method for precisely adjusting the lateral motion trajectory of atoms is as follows: By scanning the driving control voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic, the angle of atomic motion in the forward and backward directions is adjusted. Atom clusters are acted upon by front and rear Raman light in the forward and backward directions of the interference cavity, and the atomic signals received by the photodetector are monitored. The data is then subjected to curve fitting by a computer to obtain the driving control voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic corresponding to the optimal Raman effect efficiency, and this control voltage value is set as the driving control voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic. After completing the forward and backward scanning, the voltage is scanned in opposite steps to the second and third piezoelectric ceramics. Atom clusters are acted upon by upper and lower Raman light in the vertical direction of the interference cavity, and the atomic signals received by the photodetector are monitored again. The data is then subjected to fitting processing by a computer to obtain the driving control voltages of the second and third piezoelectric ceramics corresponding to the optimal Raman effect in the vertical direction, and these second and third driving voltage values ​​are set as the driving control voltages of the second and third piezoelectric ceramics. By precisely controlling the travel distance and minimum precession increment of the three piezoelectric ceramics, an angle adjustment range on the order of ° and an angle resolution on the order of sub-μrad can be achieved.

[0071] In addition, a closed-loop feedback control system can be constructed to connect and control the monitoring of the atomic-Raman interaction efficiency and the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic. This can achieve automatic scanning and voltage setting of the above functions, but the principle is similar to the above method, so it will not be discussed further here.

[0072] It should be emphasized that the embodiments described in this invention are illustrative rather than limiting. Therefore, this invention includes, but is not limited to, the embodiments described in the specific implementation. Any other implementations derived by those skilled in the art based on the technical solutions of this invention are also within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for precisely adjusting a trajectory of atomic lateral motion, characterized by: The atom source cavity is made of titanium alloy, and the atom source generated by a three-dimensional magnetic optical trap is arranged at the center of the cavity body, and the atom source moves right along the atom path under optical control. The atom source cavity is connected with the adapter flange at the right end surface, and is connected with the left end surface of the interference cavity through the atom trajectory adjusting device. The atom trajectory adjusting device includes a first threaded rod, a second threaded rod, a third threaded rod, a first piezoelectric ceramic, a second piezoelectric ceramic and a third piezoelectric ceramic. The piezoelectric ceramic drive provides corresponding driving voltage signals for the first piezoelectric ceramic, the second piezoelectric ceramic and the third piezoelectric ceramic. The atom source cavity and the interference cavity are connected through the atom trajectory adjusting device, and the interference cavity and the detection cavity are connected through the vacuum pipeline. The atomic source cavity, interference cavity and detection cavity constitute a sealed space, the inside of which is maintained by an ion pump, with a vacuum degree of 1 x 10 -7 Pa, providing an ultrahigh vacuum environment for the entire experiment; The cavity material of the interference cavity is the same as that of the atom source cavity, an ion pump is mounted on the front surface, and the two are connected through the vacuum pipeline, and circular windows are opened on the upper, lower, front and rear surfaces, each window is provided with a window glass coated with a 780nm anti-reflection film, and the effective light transmission aperture is 30mm; 2. The device for precisely adjusting the trajectory of the lateral movement of atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper Raman light is incident through the upper surface of the interference cavity, passes through the atom trajectory at the center of the cavity body, is emitted from the lower surface, and sequentially passes through the first 1 / 4 wave plate, the first 0° mirror, and the first 1 / 4 wave plate again to form the lower Raman light; The upper Raman light and the lower Raman light are completely coincident in the up-down direction, and the polarization states are orthogonal to each other, and the spot diameters are both 25mm; When the atom source interacts with the two Raman lights, the resonance frequency of the atom and the Raman light can be obtained by scanning the Raman spectrum, so as to calculate the included angle between the atom trajectory and the upper Raman light. The upper detection light with an incident size of 20mm*5mm is incident on the upper end surface of the detection cavity, and the frequency is resonant with the F=2→F'=3 transition of rubidium 87 atom, passes through the center of the cavity body and is perpendicular to the atom trajectory, and then forms the lower detection light after being reflected by the third 0° mirror; 3. The apparatus for precisely adjusting the trajectory of the lateral motion of atoms according to claim 1, wherein: The upper detection light and the lower detection light are spatially coincident in the up-down direction and have the same polarization. When the atom source flies to the center of the detection cavity, the atom source emits a fluorescence signal under the irradiation of the upper detection light and the lower detection light, the fluorescence signal is collected by the fluorescence collection device mounted on the front surface of the detection cavity and converted into an electric signal. The signal acquisition device transmits the fluorescence signal of the atom to the computer through a coaxial cable for signal monitoring, data recording and processing.

4. The apparatus for precisely adjusting the trajectory of the lateral motion of atoms according to claim 1, wherein: The method comprises the following steps:

5. A method for precisely adjusting the trajectory of the transverse motion of atoms of a device for precisely adjusting the trajectory of the transverse motion of atoms according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: ​ Step 1, by scanning the driving control voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic, the adjustment of the atomic motion angle in the front-back direction is realized, specifically, the atom source is acted on by the front Raman light and the back Raman light in the front-back direction of the interference cavity, and the received atomic signal is monitored by the photoelectric detector, the data output by the signal acquisition device is curve fitted by the computer, the first piezoelectric ceramic driving control voltage corresponding to the optimal Raman action efficiency is obtained, and the control voltage value is set as the driving control voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic; Step 2, after completing the adjustment of the atomic motion trajectory in the front-back direction, the second piezoelectric ceramic and the third piezoelectric ceramic are sent with opposite voltage scanning steps, the atom source is acted on by the upper Raman light and the lower Raman light in the up-down direction of the interference cavity, the atomic signal received by the photoelectric detector is monitored, the data output by the signal acquisition device is fitted and processed by the computer, and the second piezoelectric ceramic driving control voltage and the third piezoelectric ceramic driving control voltage corresponding to the optimal Raman efficiency in the up-down direction are obtained; Step 3, by accurately controlling the stroke distance of the three piezoelectric ceramics and the minimum precession increment, the large-range adjustment and fine adjustment of the atomic motion trajectory can be realized respectively.

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