Silicon-calcium composite inorganic depressant and preparation method thereof, and copper-lead flotation separation method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of copper-lead separation and provides a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor, a preparation method thereof, and a copper-lead flotation separation method. The silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor of the present invention has the function of inhibiting chalcopyrite and enhancing the inhibitory effect, specifically: (1) calcium ions generated by the dissolution of calcium carbonate surface are selectively adsorbed on the chalcopyrite surface by electrostatic force and hydroxylation, resulting in the thickening of the hydrophilic film on the chalcopyrite surface. (2) calcium carbonate particles and silicon micropowder particles are selectively adsorbed on the chalcopyrite surface, making it hydrophilic, because the isoelectric point of chalcopyrite is closer to the application pH 7-9 than that of galena, and the surface charge is less. (3) The adsorbed calcium ions and powder particles (calcium carbonate, silicon micropowder) occupy the active sites on the chalcopyrite surface, and can block its interaction with the collector through steric hindrance effects. Combining the copper-lead flotation separation method and the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor provided by the present invention, the separation of copper and lead in the copper-lead mixed concentrate can be achieved with good separation effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of copper-lead separation, in particular to a silicon-calcium composite inorganic depressant and a preparation method thereof, and a copper-lead flotation separation method. Background Art

[0002] Copper and lead are widely used in modern industry. Among my country's non-ferrous metals, copper is second only to aluminum in consumption, while lead is an essential non-ferrous metal in the mining industry chain. Both are primarily derived from ores mined in mines. Copper-lead mines in my country account for approximately 30% of copper-lead-zinc sulfide mines. The typical method for flotating copper and lead from copper-lead sulfide ores is to use a mixed copper-lead flotation process to produce a copper-lead concentrate. This mixed copper-lead concentrate is then subjected to copper-lead separation to obtain copper and lead concentrates, respectively. Because the copper sulfide minerals and galena in the copper-lead concentrate have similar floatability, copper-lead separation is challenging.

[0003] Traditional copper-lead separation methods mainly include the dichromate method, the cyanide method, and the sulfite (salt) method. The dichromate method and the cyanide method selectively inhibit galena and chalcopyrite, respectively, and are used in the "inhibition of lead and copper floating" and "inhibition of copper and lead floating" processes. However, it is well known that dichromate in the dichromate method and cyanide in the cyanide method are both highly toxic reagents, and the wastewater generated after their use will cause significant pollution to the ecological environment when discharged. In the sulfite (salt) method, the inhibitory effect of a single sulfite (salt) on galena is limited, and it often needs to be used in combination with other inhibitors, making the reagent system complex and the inhibitory effect unstable.

[0004] Due to numerous issues with existing copper-lead separation methods, the separation of copper-lead mixed concentrates is currently ineffective. Therefore, finding an efficient inhibitor for copper-lead separation is a pressing technical challenge in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a silicon-calcium composite inorganic depressant and its preparation method and a copper-lead flotation separation method. The silicon-calcium composite inorganic depressant provided by the present invention has high efficiency in separating copper and lead.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor, comprising the following substances in parts by weight:

[0008] 100 parts of calcium carbonate, 20-50 parts of silicon powder, 5-10 parts of dispersant, and 100-200 parts of water.

[0009] Preferably, the average particle size of the calcium carbonate is 360-400 nm; the average particle size of the silicon micropowder is 270-350 nm.

[0010] Preferably, the dispersant includes one or more of sodium hexametaphosphate, water glass and sodium carbonate.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Calcium carbonate, silicon micropowder, a dispersant and water are mixed and dispersed to obtain the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor.

[0013] The present invention also provides a copper-lead flotation separation method, comprising the following steps:

[0014] The copper-lead mixed concentrate and the de-agent are mixed and ground to obtain a grinding slurry;

[0015] mixing the grinding slurry and the inhibitor, and performing graded overflow to obtain overflow slurry;

[0016] Tempering the overflow slurry to obtain tempered slurry;

[0017] The prepared slurry, the galena collector and the pulp foaming agent are mixed and subjected to rough separation to obtain a lead rough concentrate and a copper rough concentrate;

[0018] mixing the lead crude concentrate with a depressant and performing beneficiation to obtain a lead concentrate;

[0019] scavenging the copper rough concentrate to obtain copper concentrate;

[0020] The inhibitors are all the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitors described in the above technical solution.

[0021] Preferably, the de-agent is a mixture of activated carbon and sodium sulfide; the mass ratio of activated carbon to sodium sulfide in the mixture of activated carbon and sodium sulfide is 3:1 to 1:2; in the grinding, the amount of the de-agent is 35 to 135 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate processed.

[0022] Preferably, in the classification overflow, the amount of the inhibitor used is 90 to 800 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate processed.

[0023] Preferably, the pH value of the tempered slurry is 7-9.

[0024] Preferably, the galena collector independently comprises butyl ammonium nitropropane and / or diethylthiocarbamide. In the roughing, the amount of the galena collector is 0.4 to 1.1 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate.

[0025] The pulp foaming agent includes methyl isobutyl carbinol and / or terpineol; in the roughing, the amount of the pulp foaming agent is 2 to 8 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate.

[0026] Preferably, the number of times of the selection is 3 times; in each selection, the amount of the inhibitor used is independently 0.1 to 0.4 times the amount of the inhibitor used in the classification overflow;

[0027] The number of scanning is 3 times, which are the first scanning, the second scanning and the third scanning in sequence;

[0028] In the first sweeping, an inhibitor and a galena collector are added, wherein the inhibitor is the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the amount of the inhibitor is 0.1 to 0.4 times the amount of the inhibitor in the classification overflow, and the amount of the galena collector is 0.1 to 0.4 times the amount of the galena collector in the roughing;

[0029] In the second sweeping process, a galena collector is added, wherein the amount of the galena collector is 0.1 to 0.4 times the amount of the galena collector used in the roughing process;

[0030] In the third sweeping and selection, a galena collector is added, wherein the amount of the galena collector used is 0.1 to 0.4 times the amount of the galena collector used in the roughing selection.

[0031] The invention provides a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor, which comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 100 parts of calcium carbonate, 20-50 parts of silicon micropowder, 5-10 parts of dispersant and 100-200 parts of water.

[0032] Beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor provided by the present invention has the function of inhibiting chalcopyrite and enhancing the inhibitory effect. Specifically, the following are described: (1) Calcium ions generated by the dissolution of calcium carbonate on the surface are selectively adsorbed on the chalcopyrite surface by electrostatic force and hydroxylation, resulting in a thickening of the hydrophilic film on the chalcopyrite surface. (2) Calcium carbonate particles and silicon micropowder particles are selectively adsorbed on the chalcopyrite surface, making it hydrophilic. This is because the isoelectric point of chalcopyrite is closer to the applied pH value of 7 to 9 than that of galena, and the surface charge is less. (3) The adsorbed calcium ions and powder particles (calcium carbonate, silicon micropowder) occupy the active sites on the chalcopyrite surface, which can block its interaction with the collector through steric hindrance and other effects.

[0034] 2. The silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor of the present invention is non-toxic and environmentally friendly, and its raw materials are widely available, which is beneficial to the subsequent wastewater treatment or reuse of the ore dressing plant; at the same time, the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor of the present invention has a strong selective inhibition effect on chalcopyrite, and the obtained copper concentrate and lead concentrate are high in grade and low in metal interconcentration.

[0035] Furthermore, the average particle size of the calcium carbonate is 360 to 400 nm, and the average particle size of the silicon micropowder is 270 to 350 nm. The calcium-silicon composite inorganic inhibitor of the present invention comprises calcium carbonate and silicon micropowder of different particle sizes. Fine-grained chalcopyrite in the copper-lead mixed concentrate is primarily inhibited by the fine-grained calcium-silicon composite inorganic inhibitor, while coarse-grained chalcopyrite is primarily inhibited by the coarser-grained calcium-silicon composite inorganic inhibitor.

[0036] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: mixing and dispersing calcium carbonate, silicon micropowder, a dispersant, and water to obtain the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor. The preparation method provided by the present invention is simple to operate.

[0037] The present invention also provides a copper-lead flotation separation method, comprising the following steps: mixing a copper-lead mixed concentrate with a de-agent and grinding to obtain a grinding slurry; mixing the grinding slurry with a depressant and subjecting the de-agent to overflow classification to obtain an overflow slurry; conditioning the overflow slurry to obtain a tempered slurry; mixing the tempered slurry with a galena collector and a pulp frother to rough separation to obtain a lead rough concentrate and a copper rough concentrate; mixing the lead rough concentrate with a depressant and subjecting the de-agent to fine separation to obtain a lead concentrate; and scavenging the copper rough concentrate to obtain a copper concentrate; wherein the depressant is the silicon-calcium composite inorganic depressant described in the above technical solution. The copper-lead flotation separation method provided by the present invention can achieve the separation of copper and lead in the copper-lead mixed concentrate with good separation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 The present invention provides a schematic flow chart of the copper-lead flotation separation method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention provides a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor, comprising the following substances in parts by weight:

[0040] 100 parts of calcium carbonate, 20-50 parts of silicon powder, 5-10 parts of dispersant, and 100-200 parts of water.

[0041] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the present invention are preferably commercially available products.

[0042] The silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor provided by the present invention comprises 100 parts by weight of calcium carbonate. In the present invention, the average particle size of the calcium carbonate is preferably 360 to 400 nm.

[0043] The silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor provided by the present invention comprises 20 to 50 parts by weight of silicon micropowder, preferably 30 to 40 parts by weight. In the present invention, the average particle size of the silicon micropowder is preferably 270 to 350 nm.

[0044] The silica-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor provided by the present invention includes a dispersant in an amount of 5 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 6 to 9 parts, and more preferably 7 to 8 parts. In the present invention, the dispersant preferably includes one or more of sodium hexametaphosphate, water glass, and sodium carbonate, more preferably a mixture of sodium carbonate, and more preferably a mixture of water glass and sodium carbonate or a mixture of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium carbonate. The mass ratio of water glass to sodium carbonate in the mixture of water glass and sodium carbonate is preferably 2:3; the mass ratio of sodium hexametaphosphate to sodium carbonate in the mixture of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium carbonate is preferably 3:3 to 3:4.

[0045] The silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor provided by the present invention comprises 100 to 200 parts by weight of water, preferably 120 to 180 parts, and more preferably 140 to 160 parts. In the present invention, the water is preferably deionized water.

[0046] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Calcium carbonate, silicon micropowder, a dispersant and water are mixed and dispersed to obtain the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor.

[0048] In the present invention, the mixing and dispersing is preferably performed under stirring conditions.

[0049] The present invention also provides a copper-lead flotation separation method, comprising the following steps:

[0050] The copper-lead mixed concentrate and the de-agent are mixed and ground to obtain a grinding slurry;

[0051] mixing the grinding slurry and the inhibitor, and performing graded overflow to obtain overflow slurry;

[0052] Tempering the overflow slurry to obtain tempered slurry;

[0053] The prepared slurry, galena collector and pulp foaming agent are mixed and subjected to rough separation to obtain lead rough concentrate and copper rough concentrate;

[0054] mixing the lead crude concentrate with a depressant and performing beneficiation to obtain a lead concentrate;

[0055] scavenging the copper rough concentrate to obtain copper concentrate;

[0056] The inhibitors are all the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitors described in the above technical solution.

[0057] The invention mixes copper-lead mixed concentrate and a de-agent, performs ore grinding, and obtains ore grinding slurry.

[0058] In the present invention, the de-agent is preferably a mixture of activated carbon and sodium sulfide; the mass ratio of activated carbon to sodium sulfide in the mixture of activated carbon and sodium sulfide is preferably 1:1; in the grinding, the amount of the de-agent is preferably 35 to 135 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate, and more preferably 75 to 115 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate.

[0059] In the present invention, the grinding speed is preferably 145 to 238 rpm, and the grinding time is preferably 4 to 9 minutes.

[0060] After obtaining the grinding slurry, the present invention mixes the grinding slurry with an inhibitor and performs graded overflow to obtain overflow slurry.

[0061] In the present invention, the inhibitor is the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor described in the above technical solution. In the present invention, the dosage of the inhibitor is preferably 90-800 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate, more preferably 420-500 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate.

[0062] In the present invention, the parameters of the graded overflow preferably include: overflow fineness -43 μm preferably accounts for 85 to 94%.

[0063] After obtaining the overflow slurry, the present invention performs conditioning on the overflow slurry to obtain the tempered slurry.

[0064] In the present invention, the pH value of the tempered slurry is preferably 7 to 9, more preferably 7.5 to 8. The present invention does not impose any specific restrictions on the tempering operation, as long as the pH value of the tempered slurry can be 7 to 9.

[0065] After tempering the slurry, the present invention mixes the prepared slurry, a galena collector and a pulp foaming agent, and performs rough separation to obtain a lead rough concentrate and a copper rough concentrate.

[0066] In the present invention, the galena collector preferably includes butyl ammonium nitrate and / or ethyl thiocarbamide, and is more preferably butyl ammonium nitrate; in the roughing, the amount of the galena collector is preferably 0.4 to 1.1 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate, and is more preferably 0.5 to 1.0 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate.

[0067] In the present invention, the pulp foaming agent preferably includes methyl isobutyl carbinol and / or terpineol, and more preferably methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC); in the roughing, the amount of the pulp foaming agent is preferably 2 to 8 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate, and more preferably 5 to 6 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate.

[0068] After obtaining the lead crude concentrate, the present invention mixes the lead crude concentrate with a depressant for beneficiation to obtain the lead concentrate.

[0069] In the present invention, the inhibitor is the calcium-silicon composite inorganic inhibitor described in the above technical solution. In the present invention, the number of times of the selection is preferably three; in each selection, the amount of the inhibitor used is independently preferably 0.1 to 0.4 times the amount of the inhibitor used in the classification overflow, and more preferably 0.2 to 0.3 times.

[0070] After obtaining the copper rough concentrate, the present invention scavenges the copper rough concentrate to obtain copper concentrate.

[0071] In the present invention, the number of scanning is preferably 3 times, which are the first scanning, the second scanning and the third scanning in sequence.

[0072] In the present invention, in the first sweep, an inhibitor and a galena collector are added; the inhibitor is preferably the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor described in the above technical solution; the type of the galena collector is preferably the same as that in the above technical solution, and will not be repeated here. In the present invention, in the first sweep, the amount of the inhibitor is preferably 0.1 to 0.4 times the amount of the inhibitor in the classification overflow, more preferably 0.2 to 0.3 times; the amount of the galena collector is preferably 0.1 to 0.4 times the amount of the galena collector in the roughing process, more preferably 0.2 to 0.3 times.

[0073] In the present invention, a galena collector is added during the second sweeping process. The type of the galena collector is preferably the same as that in the above technical solution and will not be described in detail here. In the present invention, the amount of the galena collector used during the second sweeping process is preferably 0.1 to 0.4 times, more preferably 0.2 to 0.3 times, the amount of the galena collector used during the roughing process.

[0074] In the present invention, the third sweeping step includes adding a galena collector. The type of the galena collector is preferably the same as that in the above technical solution and will not be described in detail herein. In the present invention, the amount of the galena collector is preferably 0.1 to 0.4 times, more preferably 0.2 to 0.3 times, the amount of the galena collector used in the roughing step.

[0075] Figure 1 The present invention provides a schematic flow chart of the copper-lead flotation separation method.

[0076] The silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor and its preparation method and the copper-lead flotation separation method provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] Mix 100 parts by weight of calcium carbonate (average particle size 400 nm), 20 parts by weight of silicon powder (average particle size 270 nm), 5 parts by weight of dispersant (2 parts by weight of water glass and 3 parts by weight of sodium carbonate), and 100 parts by weight of water, stir thoroughly, and prepare a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor for use.

[0079] A copper-lead mixed concentrate contains 1.21% copper and 66.29% lead. Process mineralogy studies indicate that the main metallic minerals in the concentrate are galena and chalcopyrite. The Cu and Pb metal contents at the -0.030 mm particle size are 65.04% and 75.35%, respectively.

[0080] A pilot test was conducted on the copper-lead mixed concentrate using the copper-lead flotation separation method and the silicon-calcium composite inorganic depressant provided by the present invention:

[0081] First, the copper-lead mixed concentrate and the de-agent (the de-agent is a mixture of activated carbon and sodium sulfide in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the amount of the de-agent is 35 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) are mixed and ground. The grinding is carried out at 145 rpm for 9 minutes to obtain a grinding slurry. The grinding slurry is mixed with a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the amount of the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 90 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) and overflowed (overflow fineness -43 μm) is carried out. accounting for 94%) to obtain overflow slurry; adjusting the pH value of the obtained overflow slurry to 7 to obtain tempered slurry; adding galena collector butyl ammonium black powder (the amount of butyl ammonium black powder is 0.4 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) and slurry foaming agent methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC, the amount of methyl isobutyl carbinol is 2 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) to the tempered slurry in sequence, and performing rough separation to obtain concentrate (lead rough concentrate) and tailings (copper rough concentrate), respectively.

[0082] The tailings (copper rough concentrate) are scavenged three times:

[0083] First sweep: add silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the dosage of silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 36g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) and galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.16g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0084] Second sweep: add galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.12g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0085] The third scavenging: add galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.08g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate), and scavenge the tailings to make copper concentrate.

[0086] The concentrate (lead rough concentrate) undergoes three rounds of concentration:

[0087] First concentration: adding silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the dosage of silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 36g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0088] Second concentration: adding silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the dosage of silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 25g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0089] In the third concentration, a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is added (the dosage of the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 9g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate processed) and the concentrate is selected as lead concentrate.

[0090] The analysis results of the obtained copper concentrate, lead concentrate and copper-lead mixed concentrate are shown in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1 Analysis results of copper concentrate, lead concentrate and copper-lead mixed concentrate obtained in Example 1

[0092]

[0093] As can be seen from Table 1, using the silicon-calcium composite inorganic depressant and copper-lead flotation separation method provided by the present invention, a pilot test can obtain a copper concentrate with a copper grade of 22.39%, a copper recovery rate of 90.57%, and a lead content of only 1.55%. The lead grade of the lead concentrate is 68.54%, the copper content is only 0.12%, and the lead recovery rate is 99.90%.

[0094] Comparative Example 1

[0095] The copper-lead mixed concentrate was the same as that in Example 1. A pilot test was conducted on the copper-lead mixed concentrate using a common sodium cyanide inhibitor:

[0096] First, the copper-lead mixed concentrate and the de-agent (the de-agent is a mixture of activated carbon and sodium sulfide in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the amount of the de-agent is 35g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) are mixed, and the ore is ground at 145rpm for 9 minutes to obtain a grinding slurry; the grinding slurry is mixed with a sodium cyanide inhibitor (the amount of the sodium cyanide inhibitor is 120g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) and overflow is graded (the overflow fineness is -43μm, accounting for 94%). , obtaining overflow slurry; adjusting the pH value of the obtained overflow slurry to 7 to obtain tempered slurry; adding galena collector butyl ammonium black powder (the amount of butyl ammonium black powder is 0.4 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) and slurry foaming agent methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC, the amount of methyl isobutyl carbinol is 2 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) to the tempered slurry in sequence, and performing rough separation to obtain concentrate (lead rough concentrate) and tailings (copper rough concentrate), respectively.

[0097] The tailings (copper rough concentrate) are scavenged three times:

[0098] First sweep: add sodium cyanide inhibitor (the dosage of sodium cyanide inhibitor is 48g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) and galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.16g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0099] Second sweep: add galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.12g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0100] The third scavenging: add galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.08g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate), and scavenge the tailings to make copper concentrate.

[0101] The concentrate (lead rough concentrate) undergoes three rounds of concentration:

[0102] First concentration: adding sodium cyanide inhibitor (the dosage of sodium cyanide inhibitor is 48g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0103] Second concentration: adding sodium cyanide inhibitor (the dosage of sodium cyanide inhibitor is 33g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0104] In the third concentration, sodium cyanide inhibitor is added (the dosage of sodium cyanide inhibitor is 12g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate processed) and the concentrate is selected as lead concentrate.

[0105] The analysis results of the obtained copper concentrate, lead concentrate and copper-lead mixed concentrate are shown in Table 2.

[0106] Table 2 Analysis results of copper concentrate, lead concentrate and copper-lead mixed concentrate obtained in Comparative Example 1

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] As can be seen from Table 2, using the traditional sodium cyanide depressant, the pilot test can obtain a copper concentrate with a copper grade of 22.38%, a copper recovery rate of 88.24%, and a lead content of 1.74%. The lead grade in the lead concentrate is 68.42%, the copper content is 0.15%, and the lead recovery rate is 99.87%.

[0110] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that:

[0111] Comparison was performed using sodium cyanide (optimal dosage), a traditional strong inhibitor for copper sulfide minerals, instead of the calcium-silicon composite inorganic inhibitor of the present invention. It can be seen that the concentrate obtained with the calcium-silicon composite inorganic inhibitor of the present invention outperforms the concentrate obtained with the traditional sodium cyanide inhibitor. Furthermore, the calcium-silicon composite inorganic inhibitor of the present invention is non-toxic, whereas sodium cyanide, a traditional inhibitor for copper sulfide minerals, is highly toxic.

[0112] Example 2

[0113] Mix 100 parts by weight of calcium carbonate (average particle size 400 nm), 50 parts by weight of silicon powder (average particle size 270 nm), 10 parts by weight of dispersant (4 parts by weight of water glass and 6 parts by weight of sodium carbonate), and 200 parts by weight of water, stir thoroughly, and prepare a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor for use.

[0114] A copper-lead mixed concentrate contains 13.44% copper and 17.41% lead. Process mineralogy studies indicate that the main metallic minerals in the concentrate are galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrite. A pilot test was conducted on the copper-lead mixed concentrate using the copper-lead flotation separation method and silicon-calcium composite inorganic depressant provided by the present invention.

[0115] The copper-lead mixed concentrate and the de-agent (the de-agent is a mixture of activated carbon and sodium sulfide in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the amount of the de-agent is 135 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) are mixed and ground at 238 rpm for 4 min to obtain a grinding slurry; the grinding slurry and the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the amount of the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 800 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) are mixed and graded overflow (overflow fineness -43 μm accounts for 8 5%) to obtain overflow slurry; adjusting the pH value of the obtained overflow slurry to 9 to obtain tempered slurry; adding galena collector butyl ammonium black powder (the amount of butyl ammonium black powder is 1.1 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) and slurry foaming agent methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC, the amount of methyl isobutyl carbinol is 8 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) to the tempered slurry in sequence, and performing rough separation to obtain concentrate (lead rough concentrate) and tailings (copper rough concentrate), respectively.

[0116] The tailings (copper rough concentrate) are scavenged three times:

[0117] First sweep: add silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the dosage of silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 320g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) and galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.44g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0118] Second sweep: add galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.35g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0119] The third scavenging: add galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.11g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate), and scavenge the tailings to make copper concentrate.

[0120] The concentrate (lead rough concentrate) undergoes three rounds of concentration:

[0121] First concentration: adding silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the dosage of silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 320g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0122] Second concentration: adding silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the dosage of silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 160g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0123] In the third concentration, a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is added (the dosage of the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 80g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate processed) and the concentrate is selected as lead concentrate.

[0124] The analysis results of the obtained copper concentrate, lead concentrate and copper-lead mixed concentrate are shown in Table 3.

[0125] Table 3 Analysis results of copper concentrate, lead concentrate and copper-lead mixed concentrate obtained in Example 2

[0126]

[0127] As can be seen from Table 3, using the silicon-calcium composite inorganic depressant and copper-lead flotation separation method provided by the present invention, a pilot test can obtain a copper concentrate with a copper grade of 26.54%, a copper recovery rate of 99.19%, and a lead content of only 1.31%. The lead grade of the lead concentrate is 33.91%, the copper content is only 0.22%, and the lead recovery rate is 96.31%.

[0128] Example 3

[0129] Mix 100 parts by weight of calcium carbonate (average particle size 380 nm), 30 parts by weight of silicon powder (average particle size 270 nm), 7 parts by weight of dispersant (3 parts by weight of sodium hexametaphosphate and 4 parts by weight of sodium carbonate), and 150 parts by weight of water, stir thoroughly, and prepare a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor for use.

[0130] A copper-lead mixed concentrate contains 5.23% copper and 54.18% lead. Process mineralogy studies indicate that the primary metallic minerals in this concentrate are galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. The Cu and Pb metal contents at the -0.038mm particle size are 79.83% and 81.27%, respectively. Pilot tests were conducted on this copper-lead mixed concentrate using the copper-lead flotation separation method and silicon-calcium composite inorganic depressant provided by the present invention.

[0131] The copper-lead mixed concentrate and the de-agent (the de-agent is a mixture of activated carbon and sodium sulfide in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the amount of the de-agent is 115 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) are mixed and ground at 200 rpm for 6 min to obtain a grinding slurry; the grinding slurry is mixed with a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the amount of the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 500 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) and overflowed by classification (the overflow fineness is -43 μm, accounting for 92 %) to obtain an overflow slurry; adjusting the pH value of the obtained overflow slurry to 7.5 to obtain a tempered slurry; sequentially adding a galena collector butyl ammonium black powder (the amount of butyl ammonium black powder is 1.0 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) and a pulp foaming agent methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC, the amount of methyl isobutyl carbinol is 6 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) to the tempered slurry for rough separation to obtain a concentrate (lead rough concentrate) and tailings (copper rough concentrate), respectively.

[0132] The tailings (copper rough concentrate) are scavenged three times:

[0133] First sweep: add silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the dosage of silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 200g for each ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) and galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.4g for each ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0134] Second sweep: add galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.3g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0135] The third scavenging: add galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.12g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate), and scavenge the tailings to make copper concentrate.

[0136] The concentrate (lead rough concentrate) undergoes three rounds of concentration:

[0137] First concentration: adding silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the dosage of silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 200g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0138] Second concentration: adding silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the dosage of silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 120g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0139] In the third concentration, a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is added (the dosage of the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 60g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate processed) and the concentrate is selected as lead concentrate.

[0140] The analysis results of the obtained copper concentrate, lead concentrate and copper-lead mixed concentrate are shown in Table 4.

[0141] Table 4 Analysis results of copper concentrate, lead concentrate and copper-lead mixed concentrate obtained in Example 3

[0142]

[0143] As can be seen from Table 4, using the silicon-calcium composite inorganic depressant and copper-lead flotation separation method provided by the present invention, a pilot test can obtain a copper concentrate with a copper grade of 20.37%, a copper recovery rate of 92.26%, and a lead content of only 5.74%. The lead grade of the lead concentrate is 69.24%, the copper content is only 0.53%, and the lead recovery rate is 97.52%.

[0144] Example 4

[0145] Mix 100 parts by weight of calcium carbonate (average particle size 400 nm), 30 parts by weight of silicon powder (average particle size 350 nm), 6 parts by weight of dispersant (3 parts by weight of sodium hexametaphosphate and 3 parts by weight of sodium carbonate), and 120 parts by weight of water, stir thoroughly, and prepare a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor for use.

[0146] A copper-lead mixed concentrate contains 12.42% copper and 34.32% lead. Process mineralogy studies indicate that the primary metal minerals in this sample are galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. Pilot tests were conducted on this copper-lead mixed concentrate using the copper-lead flotation separation method and silicon-calcium composite inorganic depressant provided by the present invention.

[0147] The copper-lead mixed concentrate and the de-agent (the de-agent is a mixture of activated carbon and sodium sulfide in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the amount of the de-agent is 75 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) are mixed and ground at 225 rpm for 8 min to obtain a grinding slurry; the grinding slurry and the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the amount of the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 420 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) are mixed and graded overflow (overflow fineness -43 μm accounts for 88 %) to obtain an overflow slurry; adjusting the pH value of the obtained overflow slurry to 8 to obtain a tempered slurry; sequentially adding a galena collector butyl ammonium black powder (the amount of butyl ammonium black powder is 1.0 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) and a pulp foaming agent methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC, the amount of methyl isobutyl carbinol is 5 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) to the tempered slurry for roughing to obtain a concentrate (lead rough concentrate) and tailings (copper rough concentrate), respectively.

[0148] The tailings (copper rough concentrate) are scavenged three times:

[0149] First sweep: add silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the dosage of silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 170g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate) and galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.4g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0150] Second sweep: add galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.3g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0151] The third scavenging: add galena collector ammonium butyl black powder (the dosage of ammonium butyl black powder is 0.12g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate), and scavenge the tailings to make copper concentrate.

[0152] The concentrate (lead rough concentrate) undergoes three rounds of concentration:

[0153] First concentration: adding silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the dosage of silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 170g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0154] Second concentration: adding silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor (the dosage of silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 100g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate);

[0155] In the third concentration, a silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is added (the dosage of the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor is 45g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate processed) and the concentrate is selected as lead concentrate.

[0156] The analysis results of the obtained copper concentrate, lead concentrate and copper-lead mixed concentrate are shown in Table 5.

[0157] Table 5 Analysis results of copper concentrate, lead concentrate and copper-lead mixed concentrate obtained in Example 4

[0158]

[0159] As can be seen from Table 5, using the silicon-calcium composite inorganic depressant and copper-lead flotation separation method provided by the present invention, a pilot test can obtain a copper concentrate with a copper grade of 22.39%, a copper recovery rate of 90.57%, and a lead content of only 1.55%. The lead grade of the lead concentrate is 68.54%, the copper content is only 0.12%, and the lead recovery rate is 99.90%.

[0160] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor, characterized in that: It is composed of the following substances in parts by weight: 100 parts of calcium carbonate, 20-50 parts of silicon powder, 5-10 parts of dispersant, 100-200 parts of water; The dispersant is one or more of sodium hexametaphosphate, water glass and sodium carbonate; The average particle size of the calcium carbonate is 360-400 nm; the average particle size of the silicon micropowder is 270-350 nm.

2. The method for preparing the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Calcium carbonate, silicon micropowder, a dispersant and water are mixed and dispersed to obtain the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor.

3. A copper-lead flotation separation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The copper-lead mixed concentrate and the de-agent are mixed and ground to obtain a grinding slurry; mixing the grinding slurry and the inhibitor, and performing graded overflow to obtain overflow slurry; Tempering the overflow slurry to obtain tempered slurry; The tempered slurry, the galena collector and the pulp foaming agent are mixed and subjected to rough separation to obtain a lead rough concentrate and a copper rough concentrate; mixing the lead crude concentrate with a depressant and performing beneficiation to obtain a lead concentrate; scavenging the copper rough concentrate to obtain copper concentrate; The inhibitors are all the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitors described in claim 1.

4. The copper-lead flotation separation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The de-agent is a mixture of activated carbon and sodium sulfide; the mass ratio of activated carbon to sodium sulfide in the mixture is 3:1 to 1:2; in the grinding, the amount of the de-agent is 35 to 135 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate processed.

5. The copper-lead flotation separation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the classification overflow, the dosage of the inhibitor is 90 to 800 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate.

6. The copper-lead flotation separation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pH value of the tempered slurry is 7-9.

7. The copper-lead flotation separation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The galena collector independently includes butyl ammonium nitrate and / or diethyl thiocarbamide; in the roughing, the amount of the galena collector is 0.4 to 1.1 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate; The pulp foaming agent includes methyl isobutyl carbinol and / or terpineol; in the roughing, the amount of the pulp foaming agent is 2 to 8 g per ton of copper-lead mixed concentrate.

8. The copper-lead flotation separation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of times of the selection is 3 times; in each selection, the amount of the inhibitor used is independently 0.1 to 0.4 times the amount of the inhibitor used in the classification overflow; The number of scanning is 3 times, which are the first scanning, the second scanning and the third scanning in sequence; In the first sweeping, an inhibitor and a galena collector are added, wherein the inhibitor is the silicon-calcium composite inorganic inhibitor according to claim 1, and the amount of the inhibitor is 0.1 to 0.4 times the amount of the inhibitor in the classification overflow, and the amount of the galena collector is 0.1 to 0.4 times the amount of the galena collector in the roughing; In the second sweeping process, a galena collector is added, wherein the amount of the galena collector is 0.1 to 0.4 times the amount of the galena collector used in the roughing process; In the third sweeping and selection, a galena collector is added, wherein the amount of the galena collector used is 0.1 to 0.4 times the amount of the galena collector used in the roughing selection.

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