A guide mechanism and gearbox shafting assembly mechanism and equipment provided with the same

Abstract

The application provides a guide mechanism for guiding and positioning a workpiece clamped and descending by a clamp, cooperation is sequentially formed between a guide roller mechanism on the clamp and a pair of case-entering limiting blocks, between a pair of horizontal adjusting mechanisms and a pair of horizontal limiting seats of the guide mechanism, and between a pair of vertical positioning pin holes and a pair of positioning pins, thereby sequentially forming coarse positioning of the workpiece in front and back and left and right directions, horizontal limiting of the workpiece, and complete positioning of the workpiece. The application also provides a gearbox shafting assembling mechanism and a gearbox shafting assembling equipment suitable for a composite manual station based on the guide mechanism. The application can provide a larger operation space for shafting entering into a case, effectively avoid the occurrence of material blocking caused by the obstruction of cylindrical roller bearings during the shafting entering into the case, and does not need to lift the line body during the shafting entering into the case.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a gearbox shaft assembly device, and more specifically to a guide mechanism and a gearbox shaft assembly mechanism and device having the same. Background Technology

[0002] In the existing technology, the following problems exist when the shaft system is installed in the housing:

[0003] 1. The locating pins for the shaft entering the housing need to have four locating points at the four corners of the fixture. The guide slide for the shaft entering the housing should be the same size as the lifting device to avoid hindering operation.

[0004] 2. When there are many shafts, the lifting device will be relatively large, and the locating pin mounting arm must be the same size as the lifting device in order to locate the pin hole; in addition, when multiple shafts are installed into the box, the lifting device and the four corner guide slides are the same size, and when they are installed into the box in two separate times, the individual small lifting devices must also be designed to be the same size.

[0005] 3. When encountering a cylindrical roller bearing on the housing, the rollers will obstruct the shaft from entering the housing;

[0006] 4. When the centering and guiding distance of the shaft entering the box is too long, it is necessary to raise the line body, which affects the overall height of the line and makes operation inconvenient;

[0007] 5. Product quality is greatly affected by processing and assembly;

[0008] 6. When the box structure is complex, material may get stuck during the shaft insertion process. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention aims to at least partially solve the aforementioned technical problems. To this end, the present invention proposes a guiding mechanism, and based on this guiding mechanism, also proposes a gearbox shaft assembly mechanism, and a gearbox shaft assembly device adapted to a composite manual workstation. This provides greater operating space for shaft insertion into the gearbox, facilitates manual operation even in complex working conditions, effectively prevents material jamming due to obstruction by cylindrical roller bearings during shaft insertion, and eliminates the need to raise the production line during shaft insertion, thus effectively ensuring product quality.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A guiding mechanism, characterized by the following structural features:

[0012] Used for guiding and positioning workpieces clamped and descending by a fixture, the fixture base plate is provided with a guide roller mechanism and a pair of horizontal adjustment mechanisms that extend horizontally outward in the front-back direction at one end facing the guide mechanism, and also has a pair of vertical positioning pin holes respectively provided on the same side of the base plate; the guide mechanism includes a guide plate and a pair of box-entry limiting blocks, a pair of horizontal limiting seats and a pair of positioning pins installed on the guide plate from top to bottom.

[0013] As the workpiece descends, the guide roller mechanism sequentially engages with a pair of inlet limit blocks, a pair of horizontal adjustment mechanisms with a pair of horizontal limit seats, and a pair of vertical positioning pin holes with a pair of positioning pins. The guide rods of the guide roller mechanism adaptably pass through the Y-shaped guide groove between the pair of inlet limit blocks, and the guide rollers on the guide rods roll downwards along the guide plate surface, forming coarse positioning of the workpiece in the front-back and left-right directions. The limiting protrusions of each horizontal limit seat adaptably engage with a pair of rolling bearings spaced left-right on the corresponding horizontal adjustment mechanism, and the pair of rolling bearings roll downwards along the horizontal limit seats, forming a horizontal limit on the workpiece. Finally, a pair of positioning pins are inserted upwards into a pair of vertical positioning pin holes, forming complete positioning of the workpiece by the guide mechanism, and enabling it to descend synchronously with the workpiece.

[0014] The structural features of the guiding mechanism of this invention also lie in:

[0015] The guide rod of the guide roller mechanism has a convex structure, with a cylindrical large end that is mounted on the upper end of the fixture base plate and a plate-shaped small end facing outward. It is used to cooperate with the Y-guide groove, and a pair of guide rollers are provided on the left and right sides of the end.

[0016] A pair of box-entry limiting blocks and a guide plate surround a vertical through groove. A gap is left on the side opposite to the guide plate along the left and right directions to form the Y-shaped guide groove. The guide rod passes through the Y-shaped guide groove with its small end adapted to it. A pair of guide rollers at the end extend into the vertical through groove and make rolling contact with the guide plate and the box-entry limiting blocks.

[0017] A pair of horizontal adjustment mechanisms are located on the lower left and right sides of the horizontal adjustment mechanism. The adjustment rod of the horizontal adjustment mechanism has a convex structure, with the large end being cylindrical and installed at the lower end of the clamp base plate. The small end faces outward and has a plate-like structure. A pair of rolling bearings are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the end. The pair of rolling bearings protrude from the small end of the adjustment rod along the front-back direction and form a central concave shape with the adjustment rod.

[0018] A pair of horizontal limiting seats are located on the left and right sides below a pair of box-entry limiting blocks, and are vertically aligned with a pair of horizontal adjustment mechanisms. The position and outer dimensions of the limiting protrusions are set according to the central concave part. The horizontal adjustment mechanism is nested outside the limiting protrusions of the horizontal limiting seats through the central concave part and moves down along the limiting protrusions. A pair of rolling bearings roll in contact with the vertical end faces of the horizontal limiting seats located on the left and right sides of the limiting protrusions.

[0019] One of the pair of locating pins is a diamond-shaped pin; the locating pin is mounted on a short plate that is connected to the guide plate and extends horizontally in the front-rear direction.

[0020] It is used for the assembly of gearbox shaft systems, for guiding and positioning the shaft system when it enters the gearbox, wherein the workpiece is an input shaft system or an output shaft system.

[0021] The present invention also proposes a gearbox shaft assembly mechanism, including the above-mentioned guiding mechanism and a centering mechanism;

[0022] A vertical linear slide rail is provided, and the guiding mechanism is installed on the vertical linear slide rail through a guide plate. Initially, it is suspended at the upper end of the vertical linear slide rail by a balancer. Under the action of external force, it can slide down along the vertical linear slide rail and can be reset by the balancer.

[0023] The centering mechanism is used for centering and guiding the shaft system when it enters the gearbox, and for expanding the cylindrical roller bearings on the gearbox housing that are matched with the shaft system. It includes a two-stage telescopic mechanism consisting of a primary extension mechanism and a secondary extension mechanism, and also includes a centering fixture that can extend upwards driven by the two-stage telescopic mechanism. The centering fixture is initially located directly below the cylindrical roller bearing on the same axis. When the centering fixture extends to the position, it passes through the cylindrical roller bearing upwards, forming an expansion of the cylindrical roller bearing. The shaft system, which is fully positioned with the guide mechanism, is located directly above the cylindrical roller bearing on the same axis. The two-stage telescopic mechanism is pressed down by the downward shaft system by gravity. The shaft system, when it reaches the position, passes through the expanded cylindrical roller bearing. The cone-shaped positioning hole at the bottom center of the shaft system engages with the cone-shaped positioning protrusion of the centering fixture to complete the centering.

[0024] The structural features of the aforementioned gearbox shaft assembly mechanism also include:

[0025] In the centering mechanism:

[0026] The centering fixture consists of a sleeve with an open top and an internal cavity at the top, and a shaft at the bottom. The upper edge of the sleeve is chamfered, and a convex cone-shaped positioning protrusion is formed at the center of the bottom of the sleeve. The upward-extending centering fixture supports the cylindrical roller bearing with the chamfer. When the sleeve is fully extended, it passes through the cylindrical roller bearing. The lower end of the shaft extends into the sleeve when it is fully extended. The cone-shaped positioning hole at the bottom mates with the cone-shaped positioning protrusion, and a radial gap is left between the hole and the inner circumferential wall of the sleeve.

[0027] The first-stage extension mechanism is equipped with a first-stage cylinder. The output end of the first-stage cylinder is connected to the lower end of the shaft body and is used to drive the first extension of the centering fixture.

[0028] The secondary extension mechanism is equipped with a secondary cylinder, the output end of which is connected to the top end of the shaft body, and is used to drive the centering fixture to extend for the second time.

[0029] It also includes a lifting and positioning mechanism. The gearbox housing is fixedly supported on the upper end of the workpiece tray. The lifting and positioning mechanism is located below the workpiece tray and is used to lift and position the workpiece tray. The workpiece tray being lifted and positioned is relatively fixed to the lifting and positioning mechanism.

[0030] The lifting and positioning mechanism includes a base plate and a lifting and positioning cylinder set on the base plate. The output end of the lifting and positioning cylinder is provided with a tray positioning pin. The bottom end of the workpiece tray is provided with a corresponding tray positioning pin hole. The lifting and positioning cylinder drives the tray positioning pin to extend upward and insert into the tray positioning pin hole directly above, thereby lifting and positioning the workpiece tray.

[0031] Initially, the shaft of the centering fixture passes through the workpiece tray, and the sleeve is located above the workpiece tray.

[0032] The present invention also proposes a gearbox shaft assembly device adapted to a combined manual workstation, comprising the aforementioned gearbox shaft assembly mechanism, and further comprising:

[0033] A tightening mechanism, including a counterweight arm and a tightening gun, is used to tighten the screws on the gearbox cover;

[0034] A handheld pin press is used to press the elastic pins that are matched with the gearbox shift fork shaft.

[0035] Elbow clamping mechanism is used to clamp the end cap at the input shaft end of the gearbox.

[0036] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide ample operating space for workers in complex working conditions. It features a simple and novel structure, low equipment requirements, low cost, convenient maintenance, and wide applicability. Its beneficial effects are reflected in:

[0037] 1. The centering mechanism adopts a two-stage telescopic mechanism with double lifting, which saves the height space occupied by the mechanism. The entire line can be lowered to a suitable height, which is conducive to centering guidance in relatively narrow working conditions. By adding a centering fixture driven by the two-stage telescopic mechanism, the expansion of the cylindrical roller bearing is realized, preventing the shaft entering the box from touching the cylindrical roller bearing and avoiding jamming. It can also protect the splines on the shaft from scratching the sealing ring when entering the box.

[0038] 2. A guiding mechanism is provided. As the shaft moves downward, a pair of box-entry limiting blocks, a pair of horizontal limiting seats, and a pair of positioning pins of the guiding mechanism sequentially engage with the guide roller mechanism, a pair of horizontal adjustment mechanisms, and a pair of vertical positioning pin holes at the same end of the shaft clamp. The engagement between the guide rollers of the guide roller mechanism and the rolling bearings of the horizontal adjustment mechanism with the pair of box-entry limiting blocks and horizontal limiting seats can be adaptively adjusted, facilitating box entry and positioning. This also allows the positioning pins of the guiding mechanism to extend only a short distance, providing more operating space for the operator and increasing the distance between the operator and the equipment. This allows for the handling of other processes and tasks, enabling precise box entry of the shaft without hindering complex working conditions. Furthermore, the engagement of a pair of horizontal limiting seats and a pair of horizontal adjustment mechanisms ensures that the level of the shaft is adjustable, guaranteeing that product quality is not affected by processing and assembly.

[0039] 3. Because the four-pin positioning is abandoned, the shaft fixture can be designed to be smaller. The other ends that do not cooperate with the guide mechanism can be designed according to the requirements. When the shaft is put into the box in two batches, it can also be designed to the required size according to the process, without having to be designed to fit the existing four-pin positioning seat to the same size. Moreover, the lifting device is concentrated at the head of the lifting device when it is put into the box, and the lifting device body can be designed according to the actual needs in any case. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the guiding mechanism;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the shaft system one being lifted by the lifting device;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal adjustment mechanism;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the guide mechanism and the fixture base plate in their mating state;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the centering mechanism in its extended position.

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the centering mechanism in its retracted posture.

[0046] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the centering mechanism in its extended position;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the lifting positioning and centering mechanisms;

[0048] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of a gearbox shaft system assembly equipment adapted to a composite manual workstation.

[0049] In the picture:

[0050] 1. Guiding mechanism; 11. Guide plate; 12. Box entry limit block; 13. Y-shaped guide groove; 14. Vertical through groove; 15. Horizontal limit seat; 16. Limiting protrusion; 17. Positioning pin; 18. Wear-resistant gasket; 19. Short plate;

[0051] 2. Shaft system 1; 21. Lifting device 1; 22. Base plate; 23. Guide roller mechanism; 24. Guide rod; 25. Guide roller; 26. Horizontal adjustment mechanism; 27. Adjusting rod; 28. Roller bearing; 29. ​​Vertical positioning pin hole;

[0052] 3. Shaft system two; 31. Lifting device two;

[0053] 4. Centering mechanism; 41. First-stage cylinder; 42. Second-stage cylinder; 43. Centering fixture; 44. Sleeve; 45. Shaft; 46. Chamfer; 47. Conical positioning protrusion;

[0054] 5. Lift the positioning mechanism; 51. Lift the positioning cylinder;

[0055] 6. Workpiece tray; 61. Gearbox housing; 62. Cylindrical roller bearing;

[0056] 7. Vertical linear guide rail; 7.1 Balancer;

[0057] 8. Tightening mechanism;

[0058] 9. Handheld pin press;

[0059] 10. Manual clamping mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 In this embodiment, the guiding mechanism is used to guide and position the workpiece clamped and descending by the fixture. The base plate 22 of the fixture is provided with a guide roller mechanism 23 and a pair of horizontal adjustment mechanisms 26 that extend horizontally outward in the front-back direction at one end facing the guiding mechanism 1. It is also provided with a pair of vertical positioning pin holes 17 respectively disposed on the same side of the base plate 22. The guiding mechanism 1 includes a guide plate 11 and a pair of box-entry limiting blocks 12, a pair of horizontal limiting seats 15 and a pair of positioning pins 17 that are installed on the guide plate 11 from top to bottom.

[0062] As the workpiece descends, the guide roller mechanism 23 sequentially engages with a pair of box-entry limiting blocks 12, a pair of horizontal adjustment mechanisms 26 with a pair of horizontal limiting seats 15, and a pair of vertical positioning pin holes 17 with a pair of positioning pins 17. The guide rod 24 of the guide roller mechanism 23 travels through the Y-shaped guide groove between the pair of box-entry limiting blocks 12, and the guide rollers 25 on the guide rod 24 roll down along the guide plate 11, providing coarse positioning of the workpiece in the front-back and left-right directions. The limiting protrusions 16 of each horizontal limiting seat 15 engage with a pair of rolling bearings 28 spaced apart on the left and right sides of the corresponding horizontal adjustment mechanism 26, and the rolling bearings 28 roll down along the horizontal limiting seats 15, providing horizontal positioning of the workpiece. The pair of positioning pins 17 are inserted upwards into the holes of the pair of vertical positioning pins 17, completing the positioning of the workpiece by the guide mechanism 1, and allowing it to descend synchronously with the workpiece.

[0063] The structural configuration of the guide mechanism 1 also includes:

[0064] The guide rod 24 of the guide roller mechanism 23 has a convex structure. The large end is cylindrical and is installed on the upper end of the fixture base plate 22. The small end faces outward and has a plate-like structure for cooperating with the Y guide groove. A pair of guide rollers 25 are provided on the left and right sides of the end.

[0065] A pair of box-entry limiting blocks 12 and guide plate 11 form a vertical through groove 14. A Y-shaped guide groove 13 is formed by a gap along the left and right directions on the side opposite to the guide plate 11. The guide rod 24 passes through the Y-shaped guide groove 13 with its small end adapted to it. A pair of guide rollers 25 at the end extend into the vertical through groove 14 and make rolling contact with the guide plate 11 and the box-entry limiting blocks 12. The box-entry limiting blocks 12 are provided with wear-resistant pads 18 on the end face that contacts the guide rollers 25.

[0066] A pair of horizontal adjustment mechanisms 26 are located on the lower left and right sides of the horizontal adjustment mechanism 26. The adjustment rod 27 of the horizontal adjustment mechanism 26 has a convex structure, with a cylindrical large end installed at the lower end of the clamp base plate 22, and a plate-like small end facing outward. A pair of rolling bearings 28 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the end. The pair of rolling bearings 28 protrude from the small end of the adjustment rod 27 along the front-back direction, forming a central concave space between them and the adjustment rod 27; see also Figure 3 The large end of the adjusting rod 27 is mounted on the mounting base at the lower end of the base plate 22, the end is locked by a backing nut, the front end is pressed by an extension nut, and the radial direction is locked by a limit nut.

[0067] A pair of horizontal limiting seats 15 are located on the left and right sides below a pair of box-entry limiting blocks 12, and are vertically aligned with a pair of horizontal adjustment mechanisms 26. The position and external dimensions of the limiting protrusions 16 are set according to the central concave part. The horizontal adjustment mechanism 26 is nested outside the limiting protrusions 16 of the horizontal limiting seats 15 through the central concave part and moves down along the limiting protrusions 16. A pair of rolling bearings 28 roll in contact with the vertical end faces of the horizontal limiting seats 15 located on the left and right sides of the limiting protrusions 16.

[0068] One of the pair of positioning pins 17 is a diamond-shaped pin; the positioning pin 17 is installed on a short plate 19 that is connected to the guide plate 11 and extends horizontally in the front-back direction.

[0069] The guide mechanism 1 is used in the assembly of the gearbox shaft system for guiding and positioning the shaft system when it enters the gearbox. The workpiece is either an input shaft system or an output shaft system.

[0070] Based on the aforementioned guidance mechanism 1, see Figures 5 to 8 This embodiment also proposes a gearbox shaft assembly mechanism, including the above-mentioned guide mechanism 1, and also includes a centering mechanism 4;

[0071] A vertical linear slide rail 7 is provided, and the guide mechanism 1 is installed on the vertical linear slide rail 7 through the guide plate 11. Initially, it is suspended at the upper end of the vertical linear slide rail 7 by the balancer 71. Under the action of external force, it can slide down along the vertical linear slide rail 7 and can be reset by the balancer 71.

[0072] The centering mechanism 4 is used for centering and guiding the shaft system when it enters the gearbox, and for expanding the cylindrical roller bearing 62 on the gearbox housing 61 that is matched with the shaft system. It includes a two-stage telescopic mechanism consisting of a first-stage extension mechanism and a second-stage extension mechanism, and also includes a centering fixture 43 that can extend upward through the two-stage telescopic mechanism. The centering fixture 43 is initially located directly below the cylindrical roller bearing 62 on the same axis. When the centering fixture 43 extends into position, it passes through the cylindrical roller bearing 62 upward, forming an expansion of the cylindrical roller bearing 62. The shaft system, which is fully positioned with the guide mechanism 1, is located directly above the cylindrical roller bearing 62 on the same axis. The two-stage telescopic mechanism is pressed down by gravity through the downward shaft system. The shaft system that has descended into position passes through the expanded cylindrical roller bearing 62. The cone-shaped positioning hole at the bottom center of the shaft system cooperates with the cone-shaped positioning protrusion 47 of the centering fixture 43 to complete the centering.

[0073] The structural configuration of the aforementioned gearbox shaft assembly mechanism also includes:

[0074] Among the four centering mechanisms:

[0075] The centering fixture 43 consists of a sleeve 44 with an open top and an internal cavity at the top, and a shaft 45 at the bottom. The upper edge of the sleeve 44 has a chamfer 46, and a convex cone-shaped positioning protrusion 47 is formed at the middle of the bottom of the sleeve. The upwardly extending centering fixture 43 uses the chamfer 46 to support the cylindrical roller bearing 62. When it extends to the end, the sleeve 44 passes through the cylindrical roller bearing 62. When it descends to the end, the lower end of the shaft extends into the sleeve 44. The cone-shaped positioning hole at the bottom mates with the cone-shaped positioning protrusion 47, and there is a radial gap between it and the inner circumferential wall of the sleeve 44. In addition, by adding the centering fixture 43, it is also possible to prevent the bearing spline from not contacting the oil seal.

[0076] The first-stage extension mechanism is equipped with a first-stage cylinder 41. The output end of the first-stage cylinder 41 is connected to the lower end of the shaft 45 and is used to drive the first extension of the centering fixture 43.

[0077] The secondary extension mechanism includes a secondary cylinder 42, the output end of which is connected to the top end of the shaft 45, for driving the second extension of the centering fixture 43. The extension force of the primary cylinder 41 and the secondary cylinder 42 is relatively small, and can be lowered by the weight of the shaft system 2 during its downward movement.

[0078] It also includes a lifting and positioning mechanism 5. The gearbox housing 61 (shown as a plate in the figure) is fixedly supported on the upper end of the workpiece tray 6. The lifting and positioning mechanism 5 is located below the workpiece tray 6 and is used to lift and position the workpiece tray 6. The workpiece tray 6 and the lifting and positioning mechanism 5 are relatively fixed to each other.

[0079] The lifting and positioning mechanism 5 includes a base plate and a lifting and positioning cylinder 51 set on the base plate. The output end of the lifting and positioning cylinder 51 is provided with a tray positioning pin 17. The bottom end of the workpiece tray 6 is provided with a corresponding hole for the tray positioning pin 17. The lifting and positioning cylinder 51 drives the tray positioning pin 17 to extend upward and insert into the tray positioning pin 17 hole directly above, thereby lifting and positioning the workpiece tray 6.

[0080] Initially, the shaft 45 of the centering fixture 43 passes through the workpiece tray 6, and the sleeve 44 is located above the workpiece tray 6.

[0081] As a specific example, the working process of this gearbox shaft assembly mechanism can be described as follows:

[0082] When the workpiece pallet 6 supporting the gearbox housing 61 is in place, the pallet positioning pin 17 of the lifting positioning mechanism 5 lifts and positions the workpiece pallet 6.

[0083] Shaft system 2, hoisted by lifting device 21, approaches guide mechanism 1 via KBK. First, guide roller mechanism 23 on clamping base plate 22 of shaft system 2 approaches a pair of box-entry limiting blocks 12 on guide mechanism 1. Guide rod 24 descends with KBK, passing through Y-shaped guide groove 13. The pair of guide rollers 25 at its end extend into vertical through groove 14 and roll into contact with guide plate 11. At this time, shaft system 2 obtains coarse positioning in the front-back and left-right directions through the pair of box-entry limiting blocks 12. Then, as shaft system 2... As the shaft continues to descend, the rolling bearings 28 of a pair of horizontal adjustment mechanisms 26 roll into contact with a pair of horizontal limit seats 15, and the concave middle part of the horizontal adjustment mechanism 26 descends along the limiting protrusion 16 of the horizontal limit seat 15. At this time, the shaft system 2 has been adjusted to be horizontal by a pair of horizontal limit seats 15. Then the shaft system 2 continues to descend, causing a pair of positioning pins 17 of the guide mechanism 1 to be inserted upward into a pair of vertical positioning pin holes. The clamp holding the shaft system 2 has completely fallen on the guide mechanism 1 and is completely positioned.

[0084] As the shaft system 2 continues to descend, driven by KBK, it will bring the guide mechanism 1 down along the vertical straight slide rail. Before this, the first and second extension mechanisms of the centering mechanism 4 have already extended into place. The centering fixture 43 passes through the cylindrical roller bearing 62 on the gearbox housing 61 and expands the cylindrical roller bearing 62 with a chamfer 46, thus opening it. When the shaft system 2 on the lifting device 21 continues to descend, it will first contact the centering fixture 43 until the cone-angle positioning hole fits into the cone-angle positioning hole of the centering fixture 43. During this process, the first and second extension mechanisms are brought down by the weight of the descending shaft system 2, thus the shaft system 2 smoothly passes through the expanded cylindrical roller bearing 62 and descends into place. At this time, the clamps holding the shaft system 2 can open, completing the insertion of the shaft system 2 into the gearbox.

[0085] Following the above process, and referring to the cooperation structure between guide mechanism 1 and shaft system 2, another guide mechanism 1 can be configured for shaft system 3 to complete the entry of shaft system 3, which is hoisted by lifting device 2 31, into the housing. It should be noted that when shaft system 3 enters the housing and comes into contact with the gear of shaft system 2, the gear needs to be manually rotated. After the gear is engaged, shaft system 3 can continue to descend into the housing.

[0086] See Figure 9 This embodiment also proposes a gearbox shaft assembly device adapted to a composite manual workstation, including the aforementioned gearbox shaft assembly mechanism, and further including:

[0087] Tightening mechanism 8, including a reaction arm and a tightening gun, is used to tighten the screws of the gearbox cover;

[0088] Handheld pin press 9 is used to press the elastic pins that are matched with the gearbox shift fork shaft;

[0089] Elbow clamping mechanism 10 is used to clamp the end cap at the input shaft end of the gearbox.

[0090] During operation, the equipment as a whole does not interfere with the operation of the handheld pin press 9, the manual pressing mechanism 10, and the tightening mechanism 8.

[0091] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A gearbox shaft assembly mechanism, characterized in that: This includes both guidance mechanisms and centering mechanisms; A vertical linear slide rail is provided, and the guiding mechanism is installed on the vertical linear slide rail through a guide plate. Initially, it is suspended at the upper end of the vertical linear slide rail by a balancer. Under the action of external force, it can slide down along the vertical linear slide rail and can be reset by the balancer. The centering mechanism is used for centering and guiding the shaft system when it enters the gearbox, and for expanding the cylindrical roller bearings on the gearbox housing that are matched with the shaft system. It includes a two-stage telescopic mechanism consisting of a primary extension mechanism and a secondary extension mechanism, and also includes a centering fixture that can extend upward through the two-stage telescopic mechanism. The centering fixture is initially located directly below the cylindrical roller bearing on the same axis. When the centering fixture extends to the position, it passes through the cylindrical roller bearing upward, forming an expansion of the cylindrical roller bearing. The shaft system, which is fully positioned with the guide mechanism, is located directly above the cylindrical roller bearing on the same axis. The two-stage telescopic mechanism is pressed down by gravity through the downward shaft system. The shaft system that has descended to the position passes through the expanded cylindrical roller bearing. The cone-shaped positioning hole at the bottom center of the shaft system cooperates with the cone-shaped positioning protrusion of the centering fixture to complete the centering. The guiding mechanism is used to guide and position the workpiece clamped and descending by the fixture. The fixture's base plate has a guide roller mechanism and a pair of horizontally adjustable mechanisms extending horizontally outwards in the front-to-back direction at one end facing the guiding mechanism. It also has a pair of vertical positioning pin holes located on the same side of the base plate. The guiding mechanism includes a guide plate and, from top to bottom, a pair of box-entry limiting blocks, a pair of horizontal limiting seats, and a pair of positioning pins, sequentially mounted on the guide plate. As the workpiece descends, the guide roller mechanism and the pair of box-entry limiting blocks, the pair of horizontal adjustable mechanisms and the pair of horizontal limiting seats, and the pair of vertical positioning pin holes and the pair of positioning pins move in sequence. The workpiece is then positioned in two stages: first, the guide rods of the guide roller mechanism adapt to each other and pass through the Y-shaped guide groove between a pair of box-entry limiting blocks; second, the guide rollers on the guide rods roll down along the guide plate surface, forming a coarse positioning of the workpiece in the front-back and left-right directions; third, the limiting protrusions of each horizontal limiting seat adapt to each other and are positioned between a pair of rolling bearings spaced left and right on the corresponding horizontal adjustment mechanism, and the pair of rolling bearings roll down along the horizontal limiting seats, forming a horizontal limiting of the workpiece; fourth, a pair of positioning pins are inserted upward into a pair of vertical positioning pin holes, forming a complete positioning of the workpiece by the guide mechanism, and the workpiece can move down synchronously with the workpiece.

2. The gearbox shaft assembly mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rod of the guide roller mechanism has a convex structure, with a cylindrical large end that is mounted on the upper end of the fixture base plate and a plate-shaped small end facing outward. It is used to cooperate with the Y-guide groove, and a pair of guide rollers are provided on the left and right sides of the end. A pair of box-entry limiting blocks and a guide plate surround a vertical through groove. A gap is left on the side opposite to the guide plate along the left and right directions to form the Y-shaped guide groove. The guide rod passes through the Y-shaped guide groove with its small end adapted to it. A pair of guide rollers at the end extend into the vertical through groove and make rolling contact with the guide plate and the box-entry limiting blocks.

3. The gearbox shaft assembly mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pair of horizontal adjustment mechanisms are located on the left and right sides below the guide roller mechanism. The adjustment rod of the horizontal adjustment mechanism has a convex structure, with the large end being cylindrical and installed at the lower end of the fixture base plate. The small end faces outward and has a plate-like structure. A pair of rolling bearings are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the end. The pair of rolling bearings protrude from the small end of the adjustment rod along the front-back direction and form a central concave shape with the adjustment rod. A pair of horizontal limiting seats are located on the left and right sides below a pair of box-entry limiting blocks, and are vertically aligned with a pair of horizontal adjustment mechanisms. The position and outer dimensions of the limiting protrusions are set according to the central concave part. The horizontal adjustment mechanism is nested outside the limiting protrusions of the horizontal limiting seats through the central concave part and moves down along the limiting protrusions. A pair of rolling bearings roll in contact with the vertical end faces of the horizontal limiting seats located on the left and right sides of the limiting protrusions.

4. The gearbox shaft assembly mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: One of the pair of locating pins is a diamond-shaped pin; the locating pin is mounted on a short plate that is connected to the guide plate and extends horizontally in the front-rear direction.

5. The gearbox shaft assembly mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is used for the assembly of gearbox shaft systems, for guiding and positioning the shaft system when it enters the gearbox, wherein the workpiece is an input shaft system or an output shaft system.

6. The gearbox shaft assembly mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the centering mechanism: The centering fixture consists of a sleeve with an open top and an internal cavity at the top, and a shaft at the bottom. The upper edge of the sleeve is chamfered, and a convex cone-shaped positioning protrusion is formed at the center of the bottom of the sleeve. The upward-extending centering fixture supports the cylindrical roller bearing with the chamfer. When the sleeve is fully extended, it passes through the cylindrical roller bearing. The lower end of the shaft extends into the sleeve when it is fully extended. The cone-shaped positioning hole at the bottom mates with the cone-shaped positioning protrusion, and a radial gap is left between the hole and the inner circumferential wall of the sleeve. The first-stage extension mechanism is equipped with a first-stage cylinder. The output end of the first-stage cylinder is connected to the lower end of the shaft body and is used to drive the first extension of the centering fixture. The secondary extension mechanism is equipped with a secondary cylinder, the output end of which is connected to the top end of the shaft body, and is used to drive the centering fixture to extend for the second time.

7. The gearbox shaft assembly mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a lifting and positioning mechanism. The gearbox housing is fixedly supported on the upper end of the workpiece tray. The lifting and positioning mechanism is located below the workpiece tray and is used to lift and position the workpiece tray. The workpiece tray being lifted and positioned is relatively fixed to the lifting and positioning mechanism.

8. The gearbox shaft assembly mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lifting and positioning mechanism includes a base plate and a lifting and positioning cylinder set on the base plate. The output end of the lifting and positioning cylinder is provided with a tray positioning pin. The bottom end of the workpiece tray is provided with a corresponding tray positioning pin hole. The lifting and positioning cylinder drives the tray positioning pin to extend upward and insert into the tray positioning pin hole directly above, thereby lifting and positioning the workpiece tray. Initially, the shaft of the centering fixture passes through the workpiece tray, and the sleeve is located above the workpiece tray.

9. A gearbox shaft assembly device adapted to a combined manual workstation, characterized in that, The gearbox shaft assembly mechanism according to any one of claims 1-8 further includes: A tightening mechanism, including a counterweight arm and a tightening gun, is used to tighten the screws on the gearbox cover; A handheld pin press is used to press the elastic pins that are matched with the gearbox shift fork shaft. Elbow clamping mechanism is used to clamp the end cap at the input shaft end of the gearbox.

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