An on-line gas collection and detection apparatus for energy storage devices

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of gas detection of energy storage devices, and particularly relates to an online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices. In order to qualitatively and quantitatively detect the generated gas of the energy storage device, the device comprises: a fixed cover plate arranged at the top of the energy storage device shell, the right side of the fixed cover plate has a groove to completely match the top of the shell; a fixed sleeve is used to fix the bracket of the energy storage device and is tightly connected with the fixed cover plate; a gas transmission channel is arranged at the right end of the fixed sleeve and has a V-shaped corner structure; a gas collection and detection unit is connected with the inside of the energy storage device through the gas transmission channel, a chamber for collecting gas, optical windows arranged at the upper and lower ends of the chamber for non-destructive Raman detection of the gas, in addition, the side wall of the chamber is additionally provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and a gas chromatograph can be used to deeply analyze the components of the collected gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of gas generation detection technology for energy storage devices, specifically relating to an online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with increasingly prominent environmental issues and the growing scarcity of fossil fuels such as oil and coal, renewable energy sources like solar and wind power have become more readily available and cost-effective. In the power generation sector, solar photovoltaic and wind power offer advantages such as low cost and zero pollution. However, while my country's power industry has developed rapidly, these technologies also suffer from drawbacks such as randomness, volatility, and intermittency. This results in dynamic and unpredictable changes in load-side power, and the uncertainty of power source and load poses significant challenges to grid management and safe operation. Furthermore, source-load mismatch can lead to fluctuations in output voltage and current, thereby affecting the normal operation of the grid and the lifespan and stability of load-side equipment. Therefore, power frequency regulation is extremely important, and the application of energy storage power sources can effectively improve power quality, peak shaving and valley filling, and smooth voltage and current fluctuations.

[0003] Currently, various types of energy storage power sources are used in power grids, including general-purpose lithium-ion batteries and newer supercapacitors. These often operate under complex conditions such as long-term float charging, wide temperature fluctuations, and high maintenance difficulty, which can accelerate their failure and significantly reduce their actual service life, resulting in extremely high maintenance costs and safety hazards. The primary cause of power source failure is the chemical / electrochemical decomposition of electrode materials or electrolytes, which generates large amounts of gas that accumulates, causing internal pressure to exceed the safety limits of the structure. This leads to casing rupture, electrolyte leakage, and subsequently, a series of problems such as circuit board corrosion or short circuits. Therefore, analyzing the composition of the gases generated during power source operation is beneficial for improving its reliability and service life.

[0004] Among existing technologies for gas generation research, patent (201711375679.2) discloses a gas collection device for batteries. After positioning, a micro-drill is used to drill a hole in the square battery casing to collect gas. The gas collection device is connected to a vacuum device, effectively preventing the introduction of other gases during gas collection. Although the above method efficiently collects the gas generated inside the battery and ensures the purity of the gas, this method relies on the operator's touch to drill the battery, and the drilling depth cannot be controlled, so the internal cell structure may be damaged. Moreover, the battery casing is damaged after collection, and when the battery is removed after collection, the inside will come into contact with air, making it impossible to conduct electrochemical tests again. Meanwhile, the gas generation analysis of various energy storage devices has attracted much attention from researchers. A team led by Professor Yoon Songhun at Chung-Ang University in Seoul, South Korea, proposed an in-situ gas collection device and used Raman spectroscopy for non-destructive qualitative and quantitative analysis of gases generated during the operation of cylindrical energy storage devices (lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors) (JIndEngChem96(2021)339-344; ElectrochimicaActa219(2016)447-452). However, this device also has limitations: it is only applicable to cylindrical batteries and lacks universality; the openings in the battery can easily allow the internal electrolyte to flow into the gas collection channel; and when the gas types are complex and the content is low, the Raman signal is weak, leading to inaccurate analysis results. Therefore, in-situ and accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of the gases generated during the operation of energy storage devices is beneficial for studying the generated gases and the causes of energy storage device failure, providing a scientific basis for improving their reliability and service life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One objective of this invention is to provide an online gas collection and detection device that is simple in structure and easy to operate. The device collects and detects gas online through the gas outlet at the bottom of the energy storage device, and can perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of the generated gas.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to protect the structure of the internal battery cell by leaving vent holes at the bottom of the steel shell, aluminum shell, or aluminum-plastic composite film before assembling the energy storage device, so as to collect and detect the generated gas.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solutions:

[0008] An online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices includes an energy storage device, a fixed cover plate, a fixed sleeve, and a gas collection and detection unit;

[0009] The fixing cover is disposed on the top of the outer shell of the energy storage device. A groove is provided on one side of the fixing cover so that it fits completely with the top of the outer shell of the energy storage device. The center is hollowed out to expose the positive and negative electrodes of the energy storage device.

[0010] The fixing sleeve is disposed around the energy storage device and fits tightly inside, with one side of the fixing sleeve tightly abutting the other side of the fixing cover plate; the dimensions of the fixing cover plate and the fixing sleeve are variable in order to match the shape and model of the energy storage device.

[0011] The gas collection and detection unit includes a gas transmission channel and a gas collection chamber. The bottom of the outer shell of the energy storage device is provided with a gas outlet. The gas transmission channel is located on the other side of the fixed sleeve. The gas outlet is completely fitted with the inlet of the gas transmission channel. The inlet of the gas transmission channel is provided with a sealing gasket with a V-shaped corner structure for storing electrolyte leaked from the energy storage device. The gas collection chamber is a hollow cylindrical structure and is connected to the interior of the energy storage device through the gas transmission channel for collecting the generated gas. Optical windows are provided at the upper and lower ends of the gas collection chamber for non-destructive Raman detection of the gas.

[0012] Furthermore, the energy storage device is sealed and encapsulated by a steel shell, an aluminum shell, or an aluminum-plastic composite film.

[0013] Furthermore, the energy storage device is a battery or a supercapacitor, and the battery may be a lithium-ion battery.

[0014] Furthermore, the energy storage device is cylindrical, square, or pouch-shaped.

[0015] Furthermore, when the energy storage device is cylindrical or square, the vent is located slightly above the center of the bottom end of the energy storage device when it is placed horizontally, to prevent electrolyte leakage when the energy storage device is placed horizontally.

[0016] When the energy storage device is a soft-pack type, a gas adapter is provided between the vent and the gas transmission channel. The gas adapter includes a gas pipe and a quick-connect pneumatic connector. A one-way gas valve is provided at the vent, and the one-way gas valve is connected to the quick-connect pneumatic connector through the gas pipe.

[0017] Furthermore, the tubing is made of a high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant material, such as a PU tubing.

[0018] Furthermore, the main body of the gas collection and detection unit is made of a high-temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, and insulating material, such as polyetheretherketone; the fixing cover, fixing sleeve, and gas collection and detection unit are connected by long screws.

[0019] Furthermore, the side wall of the gas collection chamber is provided with an inlet and an outlet, and an inert gas (argon, helium, etc.) is used as the carrier gas to pass the gas into a gas chromatograph for further analysis of the gas composition.

[0020] Furthermore, both the air inlet and the air outlet are equipped with valves.

[0021] Furthermore, the sealing washer is a fluororubber O-ring seal that is resistant to high temperatures and corrosion. The optical window is made of optical quartz / sapphire glass, and sealing washers are provided on both the upper and lower contact surfaces of the optical window.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] (1) The structure of the on-line gas collection and detection device of the present invention is simple, with low cost, and is convenient and fast to disassemble. It can be directly assembled after injecting liquid and sealing the energy storage device in the glove box. Made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant materials, it can work under harsh conditions such as high temperature and corrosive gas generation, and the gas collection and detection unit has good pressure resistance.

[0024] (2) A gas hole has been left at the bottom of the energy storage device before assembly, effectively ensuring the integrity of the internal battery cell structure, so that the gas generation situation at different working stages can be analyzed on-line.

[0025] (3) The gas transmission channel of the device of the present invention is designed as a V-shaped corner, which can be used to store the leaked electrolyte and prevent it from flowing into the gas collection chamber and affecting the test results.

[0026] (4) The side wall of the device of the present invention is additionally provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. Inert gases (such as argon, helium, etc.) can be used as carrier gases to displace the initial gas inside, and the inert gas inside the collection and detection unit is used as the initial blank sample for detection to eliminate the influence of the initial gas. Then, the collected gas is passed into a gas chromatograph for further analysis and detection.

[0027] (5) The device of the present invention can be matched with various types of energy storage devices, having universality. Description of the Drawings

[0028] The drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be introduced below. The drawings in the description are only used to explain some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 is the top view of the on-line gas collection and detection device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is the A-A cross-sectional view of the on-line gas collection and detection device of the present invention supporting a cylindrical battery;

[0031] Figure 3 is the A-A cross-sectional view of the on-line gas collection and detection device of the present invention supporting a square battery;

[0032] Figure 4 is the A-A cross-sectional view of the on-line gas collection and detection device of the present invention supporting a soft-pack battery;

[0033] Reference numerals: 1-Energy storage device; 11-Cylindrical battery; 12-Square battery; 13-Pouch battery; 14-Vent outlet; 15-One-way valve; 2-Fixing cover; 3-Fixing sleeve; 4-Long screw; 5-Gas collection and detection unit; 51-Gas transmission channel; 52-Gas collection chamber; 53-Stainless steel cover; 54-Hex socket screw; 55-Optical window; 56-Inlet; 57-First valve; 58-Outlet; 59-Second valve; 6-Gas adapter; 61-Quick-connect pneumatic connector; 62-Gas tubing. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To clearly illustrate the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions and the beneficial technical effects, the following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, will further elaborate on them.

[0035] It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "bottom", "top", "horizontal", etc., which indicate the orientation or positional relationship in the accompanying drawings, are not intended to indicate or imply the specific orientation of the device or accessory, but are merely for the convenience of describing the device of the present invention, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices includes an energy storage device 1, a fixed cover plate 2, a fixed sleeve 3, and a gas collection and detection unit 5.

[0038] The energy storage device 1 is sealed and enclosed by a steel shell, aluminum shell, or aluminum-plastic composite film. A vent 14 is provided at the bottom of the outer shell of the energy storage device 1. The energy storage device 1 is a battery or a supercapacitor, and can be cylindrical, square, or pouch-type. When the energy storage device 1 is a cylindrical battery 11 or a square battery 12, the vent 14 is located slightly above the center of the bottom end of the battery when it is placed horizontally to prevent electrolyte leakage when the battery is placed horizontally. When the energy storage device 1 is a pouch-type battery 13, the vent 14 and the gas transmission channel 51... A gas adapter 6 is provided, the main body of which is a chamber (made of high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant and insulating material), inside which are a gas tube 62 and a quick-connect pneumatic connector 61. The gas outlet 14 is connected to the quick-connect pneumatic connector 61 through the gas tube 62. The gas released by the energy storage device 1 enters the gas transmission channel 51 through the gas outlet 14, the gas tube 62 and the quick-connect pneumatic connector 61 in sequence. A one-way gas valve 15 is provided at the gas outlet 14. The gas tube 62 is made of a high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant material, such as a PU gas tube.

[0039] The fixing cover plate 2 is disposed on the top of the outer shell of the energy storage device 1. A groove is provided on one side of the fixing cover plate 2 so that it fits completely with the top of the outer shell of the energy storage device 1. The center is hollowed out to expose the positive and negative electrodes of the energy storage device 1.

[0040] The fixing sleeve 3 is disposed around the energy storage device 1 and fits tightly inside. One side of the fixing sleeve 3 is tightly connected to one side of the fixing cover plate 2. Both the fixing cover plate 2 and the fixing sleeve 3 are adjustable to match the shape and model of the energy storage device 1.

[0041] The gas collection and detection unit 5 includes a gas transmission channel 51 and a gas collection chamber 52. The gas transmission channel 51 is located on the other side of the fixed sleeve 3. The outlet 14 is completely fitted to the inlet of the gas transmission channel 51. A sealing gasket is provided at the inlet of the gas transmission channel 51. The structure of the gas transmission channel 51 is a V-shaped bend, used to store the electrolyte leaked from the energy storage device 1. The gas collection chamber 52 is a hollow cylindrical structure, connected to the interior of the energy storage device 1 through the gas transmission channel 51, for collecting the generated gas. Optical windows 55 are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the gas collection chamber 52 for non-destructive Raman detection of the gas. The side wall of the gas collection chamber 52 is provided with an inlet 56 and an outlet 58. An inert gas (argon, helium, etc.) is used as the carrier gas, and the gas is introduced into a gas chromatograph for further analysis of the gas composition. The inlet 56 and the outlet 58 are respectively provided with a first valve 57 and a second valve 59.

[0042] The main body of the online gas collection and detection device (including the fixed cover plate 2, the fixed sleeve 3, the gas collection and detection unit 5, the gas adapter 6, etc.) is made of a high-temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, and insulating material, such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK). The sealing gasket is a high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant fluororubber O-ring. A stainless steel cover plate 53 is fixed to the main body of the gas collection and detection unit 5 using hexagonal screws 54. The optical window 55 is placed under the stainless steel cover plate 53, positioning it at the upper and lower ends of the gas collection chamber 52. The optical window 55 is made of optical quartz / sapphire glass, and sealing gaskets are provided on both the upper and lower contact surfaces of the optical window 55.

[0043] The fixed cover plate 2, the fixed sleeve 3, and the gas collection and detection unit 5 are connected by long screws 4 so that the gas outlet 14 is completely fitted into the inlet of the gas transmission channel 51.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides an online gas collection and detection device for an energy storage device, wherein the energy storage device 1 is a cylindrical battery 11, and the method of use is as follows:

[0046] 1. Use hex socket screws 54 to fix the stainless steel cover plate 53 to the main body of the gas collection and detection unit 5. The optical window 55 is fixed under the stainless steel cover plate 53, and fluororubber O-rings are placed on the upper and lower contact surfaces of the optical window 55 to ensure airtightness and protect the optical glass window.

[0047] 2. Install the cylindrical battery 11 in the fixing sleeve 3, and use long screws 4 to tightly connect it to the adjustable fixing cover plate 2 and the gas collection and detection device 5.

[0048] 3. Close the first valve 57 and the second valve 59 at the air inlet 56 and air outlet 58 on the side wall of the gas collection and detection unit 5.

[0049] 4. Since the cylindrical battery 11 has an air vent 14 at the bottom, in order to prevent the interior from coming into contact with air, the above assembly process is carried out in a glove box with an inert atmosphere.

[0050] 5. Then take out the assembled device from the glove box and use an inert gas (argon, helium, etc.) to replace the initial gas in the gas collection chamber 52 by connecting the gas inlet 56. During the operation, first open the first valve 57, then open the second valve 59. After the replacement is completed, first close the second valve 59, then close the first valve 57.

[0051] 6. After assembly and gas replacement, place it in a room / high temperature environment for electrochemical testing. The gas collection chamber 52 collects the gas generated during the test. During this period, the composition of the generated gas can be observed through the optical window 55 to see if there is electrolyte backflow and to perform in-situ / offline Raman spectroscopy analysis.

[0052] 7. Connect the inlet 56 to an inert gas (argon, helium, etc.) and the outlet 58 to a gas chromatograph. Open the first valve 57 and the second valve 59, and analyze the gas composition in depth using the gas chromatograph.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides an online gas collection and detection device for an energy storage device, wherein the energy storage device 1 is a square battery 12, and the specific usage method is as follows:

[0055] 1. Use hex socket screws 54 to fix the stainless steel cover plate 53 to the main body of the gas collection and detection unit 5. The optical window 55 is fixed under the stainless steel cover plate 53, and fluororubber O-rings are placed on the upper and lower contact surfaces of the optical window 55 to ensure airtightness and protect the optical glass window.

[0056] 2. Install the square battery 12 in the fixed sleeve 3, and use screws 4 to tightly connect it to the adjustable fixed cover plate 2 and the gas collection and detection device 5.

[0057] 3. Close both the first valve 57 and the second valve 59 at the air inlet 56 and air outlet 58 on the side wall of the gas collection and detection unit 5.

[0058] 4. Since the bottom of the square battery 12 has an air vent 14, in order to prevent the inside from coming into contact with air, the above assembly process is carried out in a glove box with an inert atmosphere.

[0059] 5. Then take out the assembled device from the glove box and use an inert gas (argon, helium, etc.) to replace the initial gas in the chamber 52 by connecting the gas inlet 56. During the operation, first open the first valve 57, then open the second valve 59. After the replacement is completed, first close the second valve 59, then close the first valve 57.

[0060] 6. After assembly and gas replacement, place it in a room / high temperature environment for electrochemical testing. The gas collection chamber 52 collects the gas generated during the test. At the same time, the composition of the generated gas can be observed through the optical window 55 to see if there is electrolyte backflow and to perform in-situ / offline Raman spectroscopy analysis.

[0061] 7. Connect the inlet 56 to an inert gas (argon, helium, etc.) and the outlet 58 to a gas chromatograph. Open the first valve 57 and the second valve 59, and analyze the gas composition in depth using the gas chromatograph.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] like Figure 4 As shown, this invention provides an online gas collection and detection device for an energy storage device, wherein the energy storage device 1 is a pouch battery 13. A gas adapter 6 is added between the gas transmission channel 51 and the gas outlet 14. The specific usage method is as follows:

[0064] 1. During the assembly process of the soft-pack battery 13, an air vent 14 is left at the aluminum-plastic composite film shell at its bottom end, and a one-way air valve 15 is installed.

[0065] 2. Use the air pipe 62 to make an airtight connection between the one-way air valve 15 and the quick-connect pneumatic connector 61 in the gas adapter 6, and at the same time, make an airtight connection between the air outlet of the gas adapter 61 and the air inlet of the gas transmission channel 51.

[0066] 3. Use hex socket screws 54 to fix the stainless steel cover plate 53 to the main body of the gas collection and detection unit 5. The optical window 55 is fixed under the stainless steel cover plate 53, and fluororubber O-rings are placed on the upper and lower contact surfaces of the optical window 55 to ensure airtightness and protect the optical glass window.

[0067] 4. Install the soft-pack battery 13 in the fixed sleeve 3, and use screws 4 to tightly connect it to the adjustable fixed cover plate 2, the gas adapter 6, and the gas collection and detection unit 5.

[0068] 5. Close both the first valve 57 and the second valve 59 at the air inlet 56 and air outlet 58 on the side wall of the gas collection and detection unit 5.

[0069] 6. Since the bottom of the pouch battery 13 has an air vent 14, in order to prevent the interior from coming into contact with air, the above assembly process is carried out in a glove box with an inert atmosphere.

[0070] 7. Then take out the assembled device from the glove box and use an inert gas (argon, helium, etc.) to replace the initial gas in the chamber 52 by connecting the gas inlet 56. During the operation, first open the first valve 57, then open the second valve 59. After the replacement is completed, first close the second valve 59, then close the first valve 57.

[0071] 8. After assembly and gas replacement, place it in a room / high temperature environment for electrochemical testing. The gas collection chamber 52 collects the gas generated during the test. At the same time, the optical window 55 can be used to observe whether there is electrolyte backflow and to perform in-situ / offline Raman spectroscopy analysis of the composition of the generated gas.

[0072] 9. Connect the inlet 56 to an inert gas (argon, helium, etc.) and the outlet 58 to a gas chromatograph. Open the first valve 57 and the second valve 59, and analyze the gas composition in depth using a gas chromatograph.

[0073] The specific embodiments described above are further illustrations of the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention. It should be understood that these embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific implementations. For those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices, characterized in that, Includes energy storage devices, mounting plates, mounting sleeves, and gas collection and detection units; The fixing cover is disposed on the top of the outer shell of the energy storage device. A groove is provided on one side of the fixing cover so that it fits completely with the top of the outer shell of the energy storage device. The center is hollowed out to expose the positive and negative electrodes of the energy storage device. The fixing sleeve is disposed around the energy storage device and fits tightly inside, with one side of the fixing sleeve tightly abutting against one side of the fixing cover plate. The gas collection and detection unit includes a gas transmission channel and a gas collection chamber. The bottom of the outer shell of the energy storage device is provided with a gas outlet. The gas transmission channel is located on the other side of the fixed sleeve. The gas outlet is completely fitted with the inlet of the gas transmission channel. The inlet of the gas transmission channel is provided with a sealing gasket with a V-shaped corner structure for storing electrolyte leaked from the energy storage device. The gas collection chamber is a hollow cylindrical structure and is connected to the interior of the energy storage device through the gas transmission channel for collecting the generated gas. Optical windows are provided at the upper and lower ends of the gas collection chamber for non-destructive Raman detection of the gas.

2. The online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage device is sealed and encapsulated by a steel shell, an aluminum shell, or an aluminum-plastic composite film.

3. The online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage device is a battery or a supercapacitor.

4. The online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage device is cylindrical, square, or pouch-type.

5. The online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the energy storage device is cylindrical or square, the vent is located slightly above the center of the bottom end of the energy storage device when it is placed horizontally, in order to prevent electrolyte leakage when the energy storage device is placed horizontally.

6. The online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the energy storage device is a soft-pack type, a gas adapter is provided between the vent and the gas transmission channel. The gas adapter includes a gas pipe and a quick-connect pneumatic connector. A one-way gas valve is provided at the vent, and the one-way gas valve is connected to the quick-connect pneumatic connector through the gas pipe.

7. The online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices according to claim 6, characterized in that, The trachea is made of a high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant material.

8. The online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the device is made of a high-temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant and insulating material, and the fixed cover plate, fixed sleeve and gas collection and detection unit are connected by long screws.

9. The online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas collection chamber is provided with an inlet and an outlet on its side wall. An inert gas is used as the carrier gas. The collected gas is passed into a gas chromatograph for further analysis of the gas composition. Both the inlet and outlet are equipped with valves.

10. The online gas collection and detection device for energy storage devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing gasket is a high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant fluororubber O-ring, and the optical window is made of optical quartz / sapphire glass. Sealing gaskets are provided on both the upper and lower contact surfaces of the optical window.

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