Inhibitors of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases 1 and 4

Abstract

The present disclosure provides compounds that are inhibitors of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases 1 and 4 (IRAK1 and IRAK4), and their use in treating medical disorders such as autoimmune disorders, cancer, and pain.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 055,970, filed on July 24, 2020, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to compounds useful in treating medical conditions, and more particularly to compounds that are inhibitors of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases 1 and 4 (IRAK1 and IRAK4), and their uses. Background Art

[0004] Interleukin receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a key functional member of the intracellular serine-threonine kinases of the IRAK family, which consists of IRAK1, IRAK2, IRAK3 and IRAK4 (see S. Li et al., PNAS, 99 (2002), p. 5567). IRAK4 is a downstream signaling mediator of receptors of the proinflammatory IL-1 family, as well as a downstream signaling mediator of pathogen sensing and innate signaling toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are activated by endogenous pathogens associated with necrotic cell death and tissue damage, key hallmarks of chronic inflammatory processes. Abnormal expression of IRAK4 leads to chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Abnormal signaling of the IRAK4 pathway due to activating mutations in the MyD88 adaptor protein has also been implicated in malignancies. The proximal location of IRAK4 to immune signaling receptors (TLRs and IL-1R) has aroused great interest in therapeutic targeting of IRAK4 for enhanced control of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Therapeutics targeting IRAK4 are also considered useful for controlling high-risk malignancies such as pancreatic cancer (see D. Zhang et al., Clin. Canc. Res. (2016): doi: 10.1158 / 1078-0432.CCR-16-1121), colitis-induced tumorigenesis, and chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer (Q. Li et al., JCI Insight 4(19), (2019), e130867).

[0005] According to the data of the National Institutes of Health, up to 23.5 million Americans (>7% of the population) suffer from one form or another of the disease classified as an autoimmune disease - and the prevalence is rising (see NIH Autoimmune Diseases Coordinating Committee: Autoimmune Diseases Research Plan, March 2005). On the one hand, autoimmune diseases can cause the body to produce antibodies that do not fight infection, but instead attach to the cells, tissues and organs of the body. Autoimmune diseases can occur in almost any position in the body, and some autoimmune diseases may affect more than one part of the body. Autoimmune diseases are also characterized by insufficient and serious unmet medical needs. Similarly, more than 1.5 million new cancer cases were diagnosed in 2012, many of which were caused directly or indirectly by abnormal IRAK4 signaling. It is clear that there is a need to develop new therapies targeting the IRAK family, particularly IRAK1 and IRAK4, for the treatment of immune disorders and malignancies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present disclosure provides compounds that are inhibitors of interleukin receptor-associated kinases 1 and 4 (IRAK1 and IRAK4), and methods for using the compounds described herein to treat disorders associated with aberrant expression or signaling of IRAK1 and / or IRAK4.

[0007] Thus, in one aspect, there is provided a compound of formula I:

[0008]

[0009] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof;

[0010] wherein all variables are as further defined herein.

[0011] Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0012] In another aspect, a method of treating a medical condition associated with aberrant expression or signaling of IRAK1 and / or IRAK4 in a subject comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof.

[0013] In some embodiments, the medical condition comprises cancer. In some embodiments, the medical condition comprises an autoimmune disorder. In another aspect, the medical condition comprises pain, such as neuropathic pain or nociceptive pain.

[0014] The details of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1A The synthetic scheme and chemical structure of UR241-1 are shown.

[0016] Figure 1B The computer-predicted interaction of UR241-2 with IRAK-1 is shown.

[0017] Figure 1C The computer-predicted interaction of UR241-2 with IRAK-4 is shown.

[0018] Figure 1D It was shown that UR241-2 dose-dependently inhibited IL1b-induced NF-kB activity in the human leukemia THP-1 reporter cell line.

[0019] Figure 1E Shown is the inhibition of IL1b signaling events by UR241-2 in THP-1 cells at 10 and 30 minutes [hIL-1β 10 ng / mL, UR241-2 4 μM, WB 30 μg / lane].

[0020] Figure 1F Shown is the inhibition of colony forming activity of murine MLL-AF9 leukemia in methylcellulose culture by UR241-2 (4 uM) in the presence and absence of MCC950 (100 nM).

[0021] Figure 2A 、 2B Figures 2C and 2D show the effects of IRAK-1 and -4 inhibitors in the THP-1 NF-κB assay. THP-1 cells (1e4 cells / 0.1 mL / well) seeded in 96-well white plates were treated with 0.4% vehicle (DMS), 10 ng / mL hIL-1β, and 20 μM IKK2 inhibitor. Figure 2A :UR241-1. Figure 2B Panels C and D: UR241-2 batches 1 and 3 (B1, B3). Cells were pretreated with drugs for 30 min and treated with hIL-1β for an additional 6 h.

[0022] Figure 3The effects of compounds UR241-1 and UR241-2, representative of those disclosed herein, on MAP kinase expression in THP-1 cells are shown. Whole cell lysates of THP-1 cells were treated with vehicle, hIL-1B (10 ng / mL), UR241-1 (10 μM), and UR241-2 (4 μM) for 10 and 30 minutes. 30 μg of protein was subjected to electrophoresis and probed for phosphorylated / native p65, phosphorylated p38, pAKT, and GAPDH.

[0023] Figure 4A 、 4B Figures 4A and 4C show the effects of MCC950 (reference), UR241-1, and UR241-2 on the colony-forming potential of THP-1 cells in vitro. MCC-950 (Figure 4A0, UR241-1 ( Figure 4B ) and UR241-2( Figure 4C ) dose-dependently inhibited the colony formation by THP-1 cells.

[0024] Figure 5A 、 5B 5C and 5D show the relative inhibition of NF-κB reporter gene activity in stably transfected THP-1 cells after treatment with UR241-1 ( Figure 5A )、PF06650833( Figure 5B ), UR241-2 Batch 1 ( Figure 5C ) and UR241-2 Batch 3 ( Figure 5D ).

[0025] Figure 6A and 6B Shown are the effects of UR241-1 and UR241-2 on the colony-forming potential of MDS-L cells in vitro. Figure 6A ), UR241-1 and ( Figure 6B ) UR241-2 dose-dependently inhibited the colony formation of MDS-L cells.

[0026] Figure 7A 、 7B and 7C show UR241-2 ( Figure 7A ), PF-06650833( Figure 7B , reference) and MCC950 ( Figure 7C , reference) treatment dose-dependently inhibited the colony formation of MDS-L cells in vitro.

[0027] Figure 8A 、 8B , 8C and 8D show the inhibition of NF-κB reporter gene activity in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells by UR241-1 ( Figure 8A), UR241-2 Batch 1 ( Figure 8B ), UR241-2 Batch 2 ( Figure 8C ) and UR241-2 Batch 3 ( Figure 8D ).

[0028] Like reference symbols in the various drawings represent like elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Many modifications and other embodiments disclosed herein will occur to those skilled in the art, and the disclosed compounds, compositions, and methods relating to such modifications and other embodiments will benefit from the teachings presented in the foregoing description and the associated drawings. Therefore, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize many variations and adaptations of the aspects described herein. These variations and adaptations are intended to be included in the teachings of the present disclosure and are intended to be covered by the claims herein.

[0030] Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

[0031] Those skilled in the art will appreciate after reading this disclosure that each individual embodiment described and illustrated herein has discrete components and features that can be readily separated and combined with the features of any of the other several embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure.

[0032] Any referenced method may be performed in the order of events recited, or in any other order that is logically possible. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, it is not intended that any method or aspect described herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Thus, in the absence of a method claim specifically stating in the claim or specification that the steps are to be restricted to a particular order, it is not intended that an order be inferred in any respect. This applies to any possible non-expressive basis for interpretation, including: matters of logic regarding the arrangement of steps or operational flows; ordinary meaning arising from grammatical organization or punctuation; or the number or type of aspects described in the specification.

[0033] All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference to disclose and describe the method and / or material relevant to the cited publications. The publications discussed herein are only provided for disclosures prior to the application's submission date. The publication date provided herein may be different from the actual publication date, which may require independent confirmation.

[0034] It should also be understood that the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and are not intended to be limiting. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the disclosed compounds, compositions, and methods belong. It should be further understood that terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the specification and related art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense. Unless explicitly defined herein.

[0035] Before describing the various aspects of the present disclosure, the following definitions are provided and should be used unless otherwise indicated. Additional terms may be defined elsewhere in this disclosure.

[0036] definition

[0037] As used herein, "comprising" should be interpreted as specifying the presence of the features, integers, steps or components mentioned, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more features, integers, steps or components, or groups thereof. Furthermore, each of "comprising," "comprising," "comprises," "consisting of," "including," "includes," "included," "involving," "involves," "involved," and "such as" is used in its open, non-limiting sense and may be used interchangeably. Furthermore, the term "comprising" is intended to include instances and aspects encompassed by the terms "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of." Similarly, the term "consisting essentially of is intended to include instances encompassed by the term "consisting of."

[0038] As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a compound," "a pharmaceutical composition," or "a medical condition" includes but is not limited to two or more such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, or medical conditions, etc.

[0039] It should be noted that ratio, concentration, quantity and other numerical data can be expressed in range form in this article. It should be further understood that the endpoints of each range are significant relative to another endpoint and independently of another endpoint. It should also be understood that many values ​​are disclosed herein, and each value is also disclosed as "about" this specific value in addition to the value itself. For example, if the value "10" is disclosed, "about 10" is also disclosed. A range can be expressed in this article as from "about" a specific value and / or to "about" another specific value. Similarly, when a value is expressed as an approximate value using the antecedent "about", it should be understood that this specific value forms another aspect. For example, if the value "about 10" is disclosed, "10" is also disclosed.

[0040] As used herein, the terms "about," "approximately," "equal to or approximately," and "substantially" mean that the quantity or value in question can be the exact value or a value that provides an equivalent result or effect, as recited in the claims or taught herein. That is, it should be understood that quantities, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact, but can be approximate and / or larger or smaller as necessary to reflect tolerances, conversion factors, rounding, measurement errors, and other factors known to those skilled in the art in order to achieve an equivalent result or effect. In some cases, it is not possible to reasonably determine a value that provides an equivalent result or effect. In such cases, it is generally understood that, as used herein, unless otherwise stated or inferred, "about" and "equal to or approximately" mean a ±10% variation from the specified nominal value. In general, whether or not explicitly stated as such, a quantity, size, formulation, parameter, or other quantity or characteristic is "about," "approximately," or "equal to or approximately." It should be understood that when "about," "approximately," or "equal to or approximately" is used before a quantitative value, the parameter also includes the specific quantitative value itself, unless otherwise specifically stated.

[0041] As used herein, an "effective amount" can refer to an amount of a disclosed compound or pharmaceutical composition provided herein sufficient to affect a beneficial or desired biological, affective, medical, or clinical response in a cell, tissue, system, animal, or human. An effective amount can be administered in one or more administrations, applications, or dosages. The term can also include within its scope an amount effective to enhance or restore substantially normal physiological function.

[0042] As used herein, the term "therapeutically effective amount" refers to an amount sufficient to achieve the desired therapeutic result or to produce an effect on undesired symptoms, but generally insufficient to cause adverse side effects. For any particular patient, the specific therapeutically effective dosage level will depend on a variety of factors, including: the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the specific composition employed; the patient's age, weight, general health, sex, and diet; the time of administration; the route of administration; the rate of excretion of the specific compound employed; the duration of treatment; drugs used in combination with or concurrently with the specific compound employed, as well as similar factors that are within the knowledge and expertise of the healthcare practitioner and are well known in the medical arts. In the case of treating a specific disease or condition, in some cases, the desired response may be to inhibit the progression of the disease or condition. This may involve only temporarily slowing the progression of the disease. However, in other cases, it may be desirable to permanently halt the progression of the disease. This can be monitored using conventional diagnostic methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art for any particular disease. The desired response to treatment of a disease or condition may also be to delay the onset of, or even prevent the onset of, the disease or condition.

[0043] For example, it is entirely within the technical scope of the art to start the dosage of the compound at a level lower than that required for achieving the desired therapeutic effect, and gradually increase the dosage until the desired effect is achieved. If necessary, for the purpose of administration, an effective daily dose can be divided into multiple dosages. Therefore, a single-dose composition can contain such an amount or an approximate multiple thereof to constitute a daily dose. If there are any contraindications, the dosage can also be adjusted by an individual doctor. It is generally preferred to use the maximum dose of the medicament of the present invention (alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents), i.e., the highest safe dose according to reasonable medical judgment. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the patient may adhere to a lower dose or a tolerable dose for medical reasons, psychological reasons, or for almost any other reason.

[0044] The response to the therapeutically effective dose of the disclosed compound or pharmaceutical composition can be measured by determining the physiological effect of the treatment or drug, such as the reduction or lack of disease symptoms after the treatment or medicament is administered. Other determinations will be known to those of ordinary skill in the art and can be used to measure the response level. The amount of treatment can be changed, for example, by increasing or decreasing the number of the disclosed compound and / or pharmaceutical composition, by changing the disclosed compound and / or pharmaceutical composition administered, by changing the route of administration, by changing the dosage timing, etc. The dosage can vary and can be administered in one or more doses per day for one or more days. For a given class of medicine, guidance for appropriate dosages can be found in the literature.

[0045] As used herein, the term "prophylactically effective amount" refers to an amount effective to prevent the onset or initiation of a disease or condition.

[0046] As used herein, the term "prevent" or "preventing" means to exclude, avoid, eliminate, preempt, stop or hinder something from happening, especially by taking action in advance. It should be understood that where reduce, inhibit or prevent are used herein, unless otherwise specifically stated, the use of the other two words is also expressly disclosed.

[0047] As used herein, the terms "optional" or "optionally" mean that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.

[0048] As used interchangeably herein, "subject," "individual," or "patient" may refer to a vertebrate organism, such as a mammal (e.g., a human). "Subject" may also refer to a cell, a cell population, a tissue, an organ, or an organism, preferably a human and its component parts.

[0049] As used herein, the terms "treating" and "treatment" generally refer to obtaining a desired pharmacological and / or physiological effect. The effect can, but does not necessarily have to be, prophylactic in terms of preventing or partially preventing a disease, symptom, or condition (e.g., a medical illness). The effect can be therapeutic in terms of partial or complete cure of a disease, condition, symptom, or adverse effect attributable to a disease, disorder, or condition. As used herein, the term "treatment" may include any treatment of a medical condition of a subject (particularly a human), and may include any one or more of the following: (a) preventing the disease from occurring in a subject who may be susceptible to the disease but has not yet been diagnosed with the disease; (b) inhibiting the disease, i.e., arresting its development; (c) alleviating the disease, i.e., alleviating or improving the disease and / or its symptoms or conditions. As used herein, the term "treatment" may refer to a single therapeutic treatment, a single prophylactic treatment, or both therapeutic and prophylactic treatments. Those in need of treatment (i.e., subjects in need thereof) may include those already suffering from the disorder and / or those whose disorder is to be prevented. As used herein, the term "treating" can include inhibiting a disease, disorder, or condition, e.g., hindering its progression, as well as alleviating a disease, disorder, or condition, e.g., causing regression of the disease, disorder, and / or condition. Treating a disease, disorder, or condition can include ameliorating at least one symptom of a particular disease, disorder, or condition, even if the underlying pathophysiology is not affected, such as, for example, treating pain in a subject by administering an analgesic, even if such drug does not treat the cause of the pain.

[0050] As used herein, "dose," "unit dose," or "dosage" may refer to physically discrete units suitable for administration to a subject, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of a disclosed compound and / or pharmaceutical composition thereof calculated to produce the desired response or responses associated with its administration.

[0051] As used herein, "therapeutic" may refer to treating, curing, and / or ameliorating a disease, disorder, condition, or side effect, or to reducing the rate of development of a disease, disorder, condition, or side effect.

[0052] Chemical definition

[0053] Standard terminology is used to describe the compounds. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0054] The compounds described herein include enantiomers, mixtures of enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, racemates, and other isomers (eg, rotamers) as if each were specifically described unless otherwise indicated or excluded by context.

[0055] A dash ("-") that is not between two letters or symbols is used to indicate the point of attachment of a substituent. For example, -(C=O)NH2 is attached through the carbon of the keto (C=O) group.

[0056] As used herein, the term "substituted" means that any one or more hydrogens on the specified atom or group are replaced by a portion selected from a specified group, provided that the normal valence of the specified atom is not exceeded and the resulting compound is stable. For example, when the substituent is oxo (i.e., =O), two hydrogens on the atom are replaced. For example, a pyridyl group substituted by oxo is pyridine. The combination of substituents and / or variables is permissible only when such a combination produces a stable compound or a usable synthetic intermediate. A stable active compound refers to a compound that can be isolated and formulated into a dosage form with a shelf life of at least one month. If a stable preparation intermediate or precursor of the active compound does not degrade within the time period required for the reaction or other use, it is stable. A stable portion or substituent group is a portion or substituent group that does not degrade, react, or disintegrate within the time period required for use. Non-limiting examples of unstable portions are those portions that combine heteroatoms in an unstable arrangement, as generally known and recognizable to those skilled in the art.

[0057] Any suitable group may be present at a "substituted" or "optionally substituted" position that forms a stable molecule and meets the desired purpose of the present invention, and includes, but is not limited to, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halo, hydroxy, ketone, nitro, cyano, azido, silyl, sulfo-oxo, sulfonyl, sulfone, sulfoxide, sulfonamido, or thiol.

[0058] "Alkyl" is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group that is straight or branched. In certain embodiments, alkyl is C1-C2, C1-C3 or C1-C6 (i.e., the length of the alkyl chain can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons). A specific range as used herein represents an alkyl group having the length of each member of the range, each member being described as an independent species. For example, C1-C6 alkyl as used herein represents an alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms and is intended to mean that each alkyl group in these alkyl groups is described as an independent species, and C1-C4 alkyl as used herein represents an alkyl group having 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms and is intended to mean that each alkyl group in these alkyl groups is described as an independent species. When C0-C n When alkyl is used herein in conjunction with another group (e.g., (C3-C7 cycloalkyl)C0-C4 alkyl or -CO-C4(C3-C7 cycloalkyl)), the designated group (in this case, the cycloalkyl) is directly bound by a single covalent bond (CO alkyl) or is attached by an alkyl chain (in this case, 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms). Alkyl groups can also be attached via other groups (e.g., heteroatoms), as in -O-CO-C4 alkyl(C3-C7 cycloalkyl). Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, tert-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, and 2,3-dimethylbutane. In one embodiment, the alkyl group is optionally substituted as described herein.

[0059] "Cycloalkyl" is a saturated monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon ring system. When composed of two or more rings, the rings may be joined together in a fused or bridged manner. Non-limiting examples of typical cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. In one embodiment, as described herein, the cycloalkyl group is optionally substituted.

[0060] " alkenyl " is a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (the one or more carbon-carbon double bonds may appear at a stable point along the chain), each carbon-carbon double bond in the one or more carbon-carbon double bonds being independently cis or trans. Non-limiting examples include C2-C4 alkenyl and C2-C6 alkenyl (that is, having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons). As used herein, a specific range represents an alkenyl group, which has each member of the scope described as an independent species, as described above for the alkyl moiety. Examples of alkenyl include, but are not limited to, vinyl and propenyl. In one embodiment, as described herein, an alkenyl group is optionally substituted.

[0061] "Alkynyl" is a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds (the one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds can occur at any stable point along the chain), for example, C2-C4 alkynyl or C2-C6 alkynyl (i.e., having 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbons). As used herein, a particular range represents an alkynyl group having each member of the range described as an independent species, as described above for the alkyl portion. Examples of alkynyl include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, and 5-hexynyl. In one embodiment, as described herein, an alkynyl group is optionally substituted.

[0062] "Alkoxy " is an alkyl group as defined above that is covalently bound by an oxygen bridge (-O-). The example of alkoxy includes but is not limited to methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, 2-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy, 2-pentoxy, 3-pentoxy, isopentoxy, neopentoxy, n-hexyloxy, 2-hexyloxy, 3-hexyloxy and 3-methylpentyloxy. Similarly, "alkylthio" or "thioalkyl" groups are alkyl groups as defined above, and the alkyl group has a specified number of carbon atoms that are covalently bound by a sulphur bridge (-S-). In one embodiment, as described herein, alkoxy groups are optionally substituted.

[0063] "Alkanoyl" is an alkyl group as defined above covalently bonded through a carbonyl (C=O) bridge. The carbonyl carbon is included in the number of carbons, for example, a C2 alkanoyl is a CH3(C=O)- group. In one embodiment, the alkanoyl group is optionally substituted as described herein.

[0064] "Haloalkoxy" means a haloalkyl group as defined herein attached through an oxygen bridge (the oxygen of the alcohol radical).

[0065] "Halo" or "halogen" independently represents any one of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

[0066] "Aryl" refers to an aromatic group containing only carbon in one or more aromatic rings. In one embodiment, the aryl group contains 1 to 3 separate or fused rings and is 6 to 14 or 18 ring atoms, without heteroatoms as ring members. When represented, such aryl groups can be further substituted by carbon or non-carbon atoms or groups. Such substitutions can include condensation with 4- to 7-membered or 5- to 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic groups, which optionally contain 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, B, P, Si and S, to form, for example, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl. The aryl group includes, for example, phenyl and naphthyl, which include 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl. In one embodiment, the aryl group is a side group. The example of a side ring is a phenyl group substituted by a phenyl group. In one embodiment, as described herein, the aryl group is optionally substituted.

[0067] The term "heterocycle" refers to a saturated and partially saturated heteroatom-containing cyclic radical, wherein the heteroatom can be selected from N, O and S. The term heterocycle includes monocyclic 3 to 12 rings, and bicyclic 5 to 16 ring systems (which can include fused, bridged or spiral bicyclic systems). It does not include rings containing -OO, -OS- and -SS- parts. Examples of saturated heterocyclic groups include saturated 4 to 7-membered monocyclic groups [e.g., pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, azetidinyl, piperazinyl and pyrazolidinyl] containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms; saturated 4 to 6-membered monocyclic groups [e.g., morpholinyl] containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms; and saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic groups [e.g., thiazolidinyl] containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms. Examples of partially saturated heterocyclic radicals include, but are not limited to, dihydrothiophenyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrofuranyl, and dihydrothiazolyl. Examples of partially saturated and saturated heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiazolidinyl, dihydrothiophenyl, 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxanyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, dihydrobenzothiophenyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, 1,2-dihydroquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- Isoquinolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolyl, 2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-3-aza-fluorenyl, 5,6,7-trihydro-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]isoquinolyl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazinyl, benzo[1,4]dioxanyl, 2,3,-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]isothiazol-6-yl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrofuranyl, and dihydrothiazolyl. Bicyclic heterocycles include those in which a heterocyclic radical is fused to an aryl radical, where the point of attachment is the heterocycle. Bicyclic heterocycles also include those in which a heterocyclic radical is fused to a carbocyclic radical. Representative examples include, but are not limited to, partially unsaturated condensed heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms (e.g., indoline and isoindoline), partially unsaturated condensed heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, partially unsaturated condensed heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, and saturated condensed heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms.

[0068] "Heteroaryl" refers to a stable monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic aromatic ring containing from 1 to 3, or in some embodiments, 1, 2, or 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, B, and P (and typically selected from N, O, and S), wherein the remaining ring atoms are carbon; or a stable bicyclic or tricyclic ring system containing at least one 5-, 6-, or 7-membered aromatic ring containing from 1 to 3, or in some embodiments, 1 to 2, heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, B, or P, wherein the remaining ring atoms are carbon. In one embodiment, the only heteroatom is nitrogen. In one embodiment, the only heteroatom is oxygen. In one embodiment, the only heteroatom is sulfur. Monocyclic heteroaryl groups typically have 5 to 6 ring atoms. In some embodiments, bicyclic heteroaryl groups are 8- to 10-membered heteroaryl groups, i.e., groups containing 8 or 10 ring atoms, in which one 5-, 6-, or 7-membered aromatic ring is fused to a second aromatic or non-aromatic ring, where the point of attachment is the aromatic ring. When the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group exceeds 1, these heteroatoms are not adjacent to each other. In one embodiment, the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group does not exceed 2. In another embodiment, the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group does not exceed 1. Examples of heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyridyl, imidazolyl, imidazopyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, isoindolyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furanyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, and furopyridinyl.

[0069] "Pharmaceutically acceptable salts" are derivatives of the disclosed compounds in which the parent compound is modified by preparing its inorganic and organic pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts. Salts of the compounds of the present invention can be synthesized from parent compounds containing a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Typically, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid form of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of a suitable base (such as a hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, etc. of Na, Ca, Mg or K), or by reacting the free base form of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of a suitable acid. Such reactions are typically carried out in water or an organic solvent or a mixture of the two. Typically, non-aqueous media such as ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol or acetonitrile are typical, where feasible. Salts of the compounds of the present invention further include solvates of the compounds and salts of the compounds. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, inorganic or organic acid salts of basic residues such as ammonia; alkali metal or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include salts acceptable for human ingestion and quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound, for example, formed from inorganic or organic salts. Examples of such salts include, but are not limited to, those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and the like; and salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, stearic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, pamoic acid, maleic acid, hydroxymaleic acid, phenylacetic acid, glutamic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, sulfanilic acid, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, fumaric acid, toluenesulfonic acid, mesylate, ethanedisulfonic acid, oxalic acid, isethionic acid, HOOC-(CH2) 1-4 -COOH, etc., or salts prepared using different acids that produce the same counterion. Additional lists of suitable salts can be found, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA., p. 1418 (1985).

[0070] Compounds of formula I

[0071] The present disclosure provides compounds that are inhibitors of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases 1 and 4 (IRAK1 and IRAK4). The presently disclosed compounds can be used to treat medical conditions associated with aberrant expression or signaling of IRAK1 and / or IRAK4, such as inflammatory disorders or cancer.

[0072] Thus, in one aspect, there is provided a compound of formula I:

[0073]

[0074] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof;

[0075] in:

[0076] X 1 Selected from NR a , O or S;

[0077] X 2 Selected from N, CH and CR 1 ;

[0078] X 3 and X 4 Independently selected from N, CH and CR 2 ;

[0079] X 5 Selected from O, NR a , S and CR b R c ;

[0080] X 6 Selected from NR a 、-CR d R e -, S and O;

[0081] X 7 For key or NR a ;

[0082] R a is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, 4- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycle, 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic aryl, or 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more Y groups as permitted by valence;

[0083] R b and R c is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, 4- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring, 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic aryl, C(O)R z 、-S(O)R z and -S(O)2R z , each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more Y groups as valency permits;

[0084] R 1 、R 2 and R 3is independently selected at each occurrence from halo, nitro, cyano, azido, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, (4- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycle)-(C0-C6 alkyl), (5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic aryl)-(C0-C6 alkyl), (5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl)-(C0-C6 alkyl), -OR x 、-SR x 、-NR x R y 、-C(O)R z 、-S(O)R z and -S(O)2R z , each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more Y groups as valency permits;

[0085] m is 0, 1, or 2;

[0086] n is 0, 1, or 2;

[0087] o is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;

[0088] R 4 Selected from

[0089] X 8 Selected from N, CH and CR 5 ;

[0090] X 9 selected from S, S(O) and S(O)2;

[0091] R 5 is independently selected at each occurrence from halo, nitro, cyano, azido, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, (4- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycle)-(C0-C6 alkyl), (5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic aryl)-(C0-C6 alkyl), (5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl)-(C0-C6 alkyl), -OR x 、-SR x 、-NR x R y 、-C(O)R z 、-S(O)R z and -S(O)2R z , each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more Y groups as valency permits;

[0092] p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;

[0093] X 10NR a ;

[0094] X 11 for–(CR d R e ) q -, where q is 1 or 2;

[0095] R d and R e is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, halo, nitro, cyano, azido, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, (4- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycle)-(C0-C6 alkyl), (5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic aryl)-(C0-C6 alkyl), (5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl)-(C0-C6 alkyl), -OR x 、-SR x 、-NR x R y 、-C(O)R z 、-S(O)R z and -S(O)2R z , each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more Y groups as valency permits;

[0096] R 6 Selected from -S(O)2R z ;

[0097] R x and R y is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, (4- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycle)-(C0-C6 alkyl), (5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic aryl)-(C0-C6 alkyl), and (5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl)-(C0-C6 alkyl), each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more Y groups as valence permits;

[0098] R z is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, halo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, (4- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycle)-(C0-C6 alkyl), (5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic aryl)-(C1-C6 alkyl), (5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl)-(C0-C6 alkyl), -OR x 、-SR x and -NR x R y, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more Y groups as valence permits; and

[0099] Y is independently selected at each occurrence from halo, hydroxy, amino, cyano, -CHO, -COOH, -CONH2, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkanoyl, (mono- or di-C1-C6 alkylamino)C0-C2 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, hydroxyC1-C6 alkyl, ester, carbamate, urea, sulfonamide, -C1-C6 alkyl(4- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycle), -C1-C6 alkyl(5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl), -C1-C6 alkyl(C3-C7 cycloalkyl), O-C1-C6 alkyl(C3-C7 cycloalkyl), B(OH)2, phosphate, phosphonate, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy.

[0100] In some embodiments of Formula I, X 1 NR a In some embodiments of Formula I, X 1 Is O. In some embodiments of Formula I, X 1 is S. In some embodiments of Formula I, X 1 For NH.

[0101] In some embodiments of Formula I, X 2 is N. In some embodiments of Formula I, X 2 In some embodiments of Formula I, X 2 CR 1 .

[0102] In some embodiments of Formula I, Selected from:

[0103]

[0104] In some embodiments of Formula I, X 3 is N. In some embodiments of Formula I, X 3 In some embodiments of Formula I, X 3 CR 2 .

[0105] In some embodiments of Formula I, X 4 is N. In some embodiments of Formula I, X 4 In some embodiments of Formula I, X 4 CR 2 .

[0106] In some embodiments of Formula I, Selected from:

[0107]

[0108] In some embodiments of Formula I, X 5 Is O. In some embodiments of Formula I, X 5 NR a In some embodiments of Formula I, X 5 is S. In some embodiments of Formula I, X 5 CR b R c .

[0109] In some embodiments of Formula I, X 6 NR a In some embodiments of Formula I, X 6 In some embodiments of Formula I, X 6 Is O. In some embodiments of Formula I, X 6 -CR d R e In some embodiments of Formula I, X 6 In some embodiments of Formula I, X 6 For S.

[0110] In some embodiments of Formula I, Selected from:

[0111]

[0112] In some embodiments, Selected from:

[0113]

[0114] In some embodiments of Formula I, X 7 In some embodiments of Formula I, X 7 NR a In some embodiments of Formula I, X 7 For NH.

[0115] In some embodiments of Formula I, R 4 for

[0116] In some embodiments of Formula I, R 4 for

[0117] In some embodiments of Formula I, Selected from:

[0118]

[0119] In some embodiments of Formula I, Selected from:

[0120]

[0121] In some embodiments of Formula I, the compound is selected from the group consisting of:

[0122]

[0123] In some embodiments of Formula I, the compound is selected from the group consisting of:

[0124]

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] In some embodiments of Formula I, the compound is selected from the group consisting of:

[0128]

[0129]

[0130]

[0131] Representative examples of compounds of Formula I include, but are not limited to:

[0132]

[0133]

[0134] The present disclosure also encompasses compounds of Formula I having at least one desired isotope substituted for an atom in an amount above the natural abundance of the isotope, ie, enriched.

[0135] Examples of isotopes that may be incorporated into the compounds of the present disclosure include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, fluorine, and chlorine, such as 2 H. 3 H. 11 C. 13 C. 15 N. 17 O. 18 O. 18 F. 31 P. 32 P. 35 S. 36 Cl and 125 In one embodiment, isotope-labeled compounds can be used for metabolic studies (using 14 C), reaction kinetics studies (using e.g.2 H or 3 H), detection or imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) including drug or substrate tissue distribution determination, or radiotherapy for patients. In particular, for PET or SPECT studies, 18 F-labeled compounds may be particularly desirable. Isotopically labeled compounds of this invention and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed herein by substituting a readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent.

[0136] As a general example and not limitation, isotopes of hydrogen, such as deuterium ( 2 H) and tritium ( 3 H) to achieve the desired result. Alternatively or additionally, isotopes of carbon may be used, such as 13 C and 14 C. In one embodiment, isotopic substitution is the replacement of hydrogen with deuterium at one or more positions on a molecule to improve the properties of the molecule as a drug, such as pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, half-life, stability, AUC, Tmax, Cmax, etc. For example, deuterium can be bound to carbon in the distribution of bond breaks during metabolism (α-deuterium kinetic isotope effect) or next to or near the site of bond breakage (β-deuterium kinetic isotope effect).

[0137] Isotope substitution, such as deuterium substitution, can be partial or complete. Partial deuterium substitution means that at least one hydrogen is replaced by deuterium. In certain embodiments, the isotope is enriched by 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% or more at any target position. In some embodiments, deuterium is enriched by 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% at the desired position. Unless otherwise indicated, the enrichment at any point is above natural abundance and, in one embodiment, is sufficient to change the detectable properties of the compound as a drug in humans.

[0138] The compounds of the present disclosure can form solvates with solvents (including water). Therefore, in one embodiment, the present invention includes solvated forms of active compounds. The term "solvate" refers to a molecular complex of a compound of the present invention (including its salt) and one or more solvent molecules. Non-limiting examples of solvents are water, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone and other common organic solvents. The term "hydrate" refers to a molecular complex comprising the disclosed compound and water. Pharmaceutically acceptable solvates according to the present invention include those pharmaceutically acceptable solvates in which the solvent of crystallization can be isotopically substituted, for example, D2O, d6-acetone or d6-DMSO. The solvate can be in liquid or solid form.

[0139] As used herein, "prodrug" means a compound that is converted into a parent drug when administered to a host in vivo. As used herein, the term "parent drug" means any compound in the compound currently described herein. Prodrugs can be used to achieve any desired effect, including to enhance the characteristics of the parent drug or improve the pharmacy or pharmacokinetic properties of the parent, including to increase the half-life of the drug in vivo. Prodrug strategies provide the selection of conditions for regulating the body generation of the parent drug. Non-limiting examples of prodrug strategies include the covalent attachment of removable groups or removable portions of groups, such as but not limited to acylation, phosphorylation, phosphonylation, aminophosphoryl derivatives, amidation, reduction, oxidation, esterification, alkylation, other carboxyl derivatives, potentiating sulfone (sulfoxy) or sulfone derivatives, carbonylation or anhydrides, etc. In certain embodiments, prodrugs make the parent compound lipophilic more stronger. In certain embodiments, prodrugs with several prodrug moieties in a linear, branched or cyclic manner can be provided. For example, non-limiting examples include the use of bivalent linker moieties, such as dicarboxylic acids, amino acids, diamines, hydroxycarboxylic acids, hydroxylamines, dihydroxy compounds, or other compounds having at least two functional groups, which can link a parent compound to another prodrug moiety and are generally biodegradable in vivo. In some embodiments, two, three, four, or five prodrug biodegradable moieties are covalently bound to the parent compound in a sequential, branched, or cyclic manner. Non-limiting examples of prodrugs according to the present disclosure are formed using: a carboxylic acid on the parent drug and a hydroxylated prodrug moiety to form an ester; a carboxylic acid on the parent drug and an amine prodrug to form an amide; an amino group on the parent drug and a carboxylic acid prodrug moiety to form an amide; an amino group on the parent drug and a sulfonic acid to form a sulfonamide; a sulfonic acid on the parent drug and an amino group on the prodrug moiety to form a sulfonamide; a hydroxyl group on the parent drug and a carboxylic acid on the prodrug moiety to form an ester; a hydroxyl group on the parent drug and a hydroxylated prodrug moiety to form an ester; a phosphonate on the parent drug and a hydroxylated prodrug moiety to form a phosphonate; a phosphate on the parent drug and a hydroxylated prodrug moiety to form a phosphate; a hydroxyl group on the parent drug and a phosphonate on the prodrug to form a phosphonate; a hydroxyl group on the parent drug and a phosphate prodrug moiety to form a phosphate; a carboxylic acid on the parent drug and a group of the structure HO-(CH2)2-O-(C 2-24 alkyl) prodrugs to form esters; the carboxylic acid on the parent drug and the structure HO-(CH2)2-S-(C 2-24 alkyl) prodrug to form a thioester; the hydroxyl group on the parent drug and the structure HO-(CH2)2-O-(C 2-24 alkyl) prodrugs to form ethers; the hydroxyl group on the parent drug and the structure HO-(CH2)2-O-(C 2-24alkyl) to form a thioether; and a carboxylic acid, oxime, hydrazide, hydrazine, amine or hydroxyl group on the parent compound and a prodrug portion, which is a biodegradable polymer or oligomer including but not limited to polylactic acid, polylactide-co-glycolide, polyglycolide, polyethylene glycol, polyanhydride, polyester, polyamide or peptide.

[0140] In some embodiments, prodrugs are provided by attaching a natural or non-natural amino acid to an appropriate functional moiety (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, and typically oxygen or nitrogen) on the parent compound, typically in a manner such that the amino acid is cleaved in vivo to provide the parent drug. Amino acids can be used alone or covalently linked (straight, branched, or cyclic) to one or more other prodrug moieties to modify the parent drug to achieve desired properties, such as increased half-life, lipophilicity, or other drug delivery or pharmacokinetic properties. Amino acids can be any compound having an amino group and a carboxylic acid, including aliphatic amino acids, alkyl amino acids, aromatic amino acids, heteroaliphatic amino acids, heteroalkyl amino acids, heterocyclic amino acids, or heteroaryl amino acids.

[0141] Treatment

[0142] In one aspect, methods for treating a medical condition associated with aberrant expression or signaling of IRAK4 are provided.

[0143] In some embodiments, methods are provided for treating an inflammatory disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof. Representative examples of inflammatory disorders include peritonitis, osteoarthritis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, asthma, adult respiratory distress syndrome, glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, chronic thyroiditis, Graves' disease, autoimmune gastritis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type I), autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, chronic active hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, graft-versus-host disease, osteoporosis, multiple myeloma-related bone disease, leukemia and related diseases, myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, clonal hematopoiesis, anemia of chronic disease, chronic myeloid leukemia, metastatic melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, multiple myeloma, sepsis, septic shock, shigellosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, and the like. Blood, myocardial ischemia, spinal muscular atrophy, multiple sclerosis, AIDS-related encephalitis, HIV-related encephalitis, aging, hair loss, nerve damage caused by stroke, ulcerative colitis, infectious hepatitis, juvenile diabetes, lichen planus, acute dermatomyositis, eczema, primary cirrhosis, uveitis, Behçet's disease, atopic dermatosis, pure red cell aplasia, aplastic anemia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, nephrotic syndrome, burns, bronchitis , tendinitis, bursitis, periarteritis nodosa, thyroiditis, Hodgkin's disease, rheumatic fever, sarcoidosis, polymyositis, gingivitis, allergies, conjunctivitis, post-injury swelling, allergic rhinitis, endotoxin shock syndrome, and atherosclerosis, psoriatic arthritis, vasculitis, polymyalgia, rheumatic disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, temporal arteritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cryoglobulinemia, transplant rejection, inflammatory eye disease, and ataxia telangiectasia.

[0144] In another aspect, a method for treating organ fibrosis in a subject in need thereof is provided, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof. Representative examples of treatable organ fibrosis include renal fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, cirrhosis, endomyocardial fibrosis, Crohn's disease, liver fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, scleroderma, or progressive massive fibrosis.

[0145] Malignancies that can be treated using the compounds of the present disclosure include ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, primary peritoneal cancer, endometrial cancer, and uterine cancer, including all histological subtypes associated therewith, such as, but not limited to, serous, endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous, undifferentiated, poorly differentiated, carcinosarcoma (MMMT), sarcoma germ cell tumors, and sex cord-stromal tumors.

[0146] Cancers intended to be treated using the methods of the present invention include, but are not limited to, acinar carcinoma, acinar carcinoma, alveolar adenocarcinoma, adenomatous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, alveolar carcinoma, alveolar cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, basaloid carcinoma, basosquamous cell carcinoma, breast carcinoma, bronchoalveolar carcinoma, bronchiolar carcinoma, encephaloid carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, colloid carcinoma, comedocarcinoma, uterine corpus carcinoma, cribriform carcinoma, armored carcinoma, skin carcinoma, columnar carcinoma, columnar cell carcinoma, ductal carcinoma, scirrhous carcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bulbar carcinoma, epithelial carcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma, epithelial adenoid carcinoma, ulcerative carcinoma, fibrocarcinoma, colloid carcinoma, gelatinous carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, giant cell, adenocarcinoma, granular cell carcinoma, pilostromal carcinoma, hematopoietic carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hurthl's cell carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, adrenal carcinoma, immature embryonal carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, intraepidermal carcinoma, intraepithelial carcinoma carcinoma, Klebsiella pneumoniae carcinoma, Kulczycki cell carcinoma, lenticular carcinoma, lenticular carcinoma, lipomatous carcinoma, lymphoepithelial carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, melanoma, melanotic carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, myxomatous carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, oat cell carcinoma, ossifying carcinoma, steroid carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, periportal carcinoma, preinvasive carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, reserve cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, scheinderian carcinoma, scirrhous carcinoma, scrotal carcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, simple carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, potato-shaped carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, breast carcinoma, melanoma, spheroid cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, soft carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, rope-shaped carcinoma, telangiectatic carcinoma, vascularized carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, carcinoma nodular, nodular carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, villous carcinoma.

[0147] The present invention also provides a method and medicament for treating sarcoma. Sarcoma is a mesenchymal tumor that occurs in bones and soft tissues. Different types of sarcomas are identified, and these sarcomas include: liposarcoma (including myxoid liposarcoma and pleomorphic liposarcoma), leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, Ewing's tumor (including bone, extraosseous or non-osseous Ewing's sarcoma) and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), synovial sarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, fibrosarcoma, desmoid tumor, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), hemangiopericytoma, malignant mesenchymal tumor, alveolar soft tissue sarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma, desmoplastic small cell tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and bone and extraosseous osteosarcoma (also referred to as osteogenic sarcoma), and chondrosarcoma.

[0148] Optionally, the cancer to be treated is a refractory or responsive cancer.

[0149] In another important aspect, the compounds of his invention can also be used to treat immunogenic cancers. Examples of immunogenic cancers include malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, Burkitt's lymphoma, myeloma, immunocytoma, acute promyelocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid / acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute leukemia, B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, anaplastic large cell leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome / acute myeloid leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), common (pre-B) acute lymphocytic leukemia, malignant melanoma, T cell lymphoma, leukemia, B cell lymphoma, epithelial malignancies, lymphoid malignancies, gynecological cancers, biliary tract adenocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

[0150] The present disclosure also provides a method for inhibiting angiogenesis in a subject, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof. Angiogenesis is the rapid proliferation of epithelial cells that leads to the formation of new blood vessels, which supports the progression and survival of tumors. As a secondary effect, angiogenesis may damage various organs and tissues, eyes, skin, heart, blood vessels, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract. Methods and techniques for assessing angiogenesis are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0151] Also provided are methods for inhibiting tumor cell growth in a subject in need thereof, the methods comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0152] Also provided are methods for sensitizing a tumor to treatment with an additional therapeutic agent, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof.

[0153] In another aspect, provided is a method for IL1b-induced NF-κB activation in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof.

[0154] In another aspect, a method for stem cell mobilization and / or stem cell transplantation in a subject following administration of an agent as mentioned herein, alone or in combination with an additional therapeutic agent, is provided.

[0155] In another aspect, a method for treating pain in a subject in need thereof is provided, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof. Representative examples of pain that can be treated include, but are not limited to, inflammatory pain (including infection-induced inflammatory pain, including but not limited to pain induced by influenza, SARS, or colds), postoperative pain, osteoarthritis, pain associated with metastatic cancer, trigeminal neuralgia, acute herpetic and postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, causalgia, brachial plexus avulsion, occipital neuralgia, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, fibromyalgia, gout, and phantom limb pain.

[0156] In certain embodiments, pain syndrome includes neuropathic pain or nociceptive pain. Neuropathic pain is the pain caused by damage or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system. The feature of neuropathic pain is usually paresthesia (dysesthesia) or pain (abnormal pain) from usually non-painful stimulation. Neuropathic pain may be caused by peripheral system disorders or central nervous system (e.g., brain or spinal cord) disorders. Central neuropathic pain has been found in cases of spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis and stroke. Peripheral neuropathic pain can be found in patients with diabetes (diabetic neuropathy), herpes zoster infection, HIV infection, nutritional deficiencies, exposure to toxins, remote manifestations of malignant tumors, immune-mediated disorders and physical trauma to nerve trunks. Neuropathic pain may occur in cancer cases, or due to direct compression of peripheral nerves by tumors, or as a side effect of chemotherapy (chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy), radiotherapy or surgery.

[0157] The compounds as described herein can be administered in combination with other therapies (such as, for example, radiation therapy, surgery, conventional chemotherapy, one or more checkpoint inhibitors), or with a combination of one or more additional therapies.

[0158] For example, compounds as described herein can be used before, after or simultaneously with chemotherapeutic agents and / or cytotoxic agents. Simultaneous application can occur in the form of a fixed combination with two or more active ingredients, or by simultaneously applying two or more compounds independently formulated. The chemotherapeutic agents and / or cytotoxic agents that can be used include but are not limited to alkylating agents (for example, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, lomustine, melphalan, procarbazine, thiotepa, carmustine and busulfan), antimetabolites (for example, 6-mercaptopurine and 5-fluorouracil), anthracyclines (for example, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, idarubicin, epirubicin and mitoxantrone), antitumor antibiotics (for example, bleomycin), monoclonal antibodies (for example, alemtuzumab, bevacizumab, cetuximab, gemtuzumab, ibritumomab tiuxetan, panitumumab, rituximab, tositumomab and trastuzumab), platinum Examples of glutathione antagonists include, but are not limited to, buthionine sulfoximine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, dactinomycin-d, and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinoic acid (4-HPR).Examples of angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limited to, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), AG3340, angiostatin, antithrombin-III, anti-VEGF antibody, batimastat, bevacizumab (Avastin), BMS-275291, CA1, angiostatin, comprestatin, comprestatin-A4 phosphate, CC-5013, captopril, celecoxib, dalteparin, EMD121974, endostatin, erlotinib, gefitinib, genistein, halofuginone, ID1, ID3, IM862, imatinib mesylate, inducible protein-10, interferon-α, interleukin-12, flavonoid-α, LY317615, or AE- 941, Marimastat, Mapsin, medroxyprogesterone acetate, Meth-1, Meth-2, Neovastatin, osteopontin cleavage product, PEX, pigment epithelial growth factor (PEGF), platelet growth factor 4, prolactin fragment, proliferator-activated protein (PRP), PTK787 / ZK222584, recombinant human platelet factor-4 (rPF4), hibernating protein, squalamine, SU5416, SU6668, suramin, paclitaxel, teicogalan, thalidomide, tetrathiomolybdate (TM), thrombospondin, TNP-470, troponin I, angiostatin, VEGF1, VEGF-TPvAP and ZD6474. In some embodiments, the angiogenesis inhibitor is a VRGF antagonist. The VEGF antagonist can be a VEGF binding molecule. The VEGF binding molecule includes a VEGF antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. An example of a VEGF antagonist is NeXstar.

[0159] Chemotherapeutic agents that can be combined with the compounds disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, DNA damaging agents, and these include topoisomerase inhibitors (e.g., etoposide, camptothecin, topotecan, irinotecan, teniposide, mitoxantrone), antimicrotubule agents (e.g., vincristine, vinblastine), antimetabolites (e.g., cytarabine, methotrexate, hydroxyurea, 5-fluorouracil, flouridine, 6-thioguanine, 6-mercaptopurine, fludarabine, pentostatin, chlorodeoxyadenosine), DNA alkylating agents (e.g., cisplatin, mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, busulfan, thiotepa, carmustine, lomustine, carboplatin, dacarbazine, procarbazine), and DNA strand break inducing agents (e.g., bleomycin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, mitomycin C).

[0160] Other chemotherapeutic agents that can be combined with the compounds described herein include synthetic, semisynthetic, and naturally derived agents. Important chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, leuprorelin, aclarubicin, acodazole, aclonine, adolesin, doxorubicin, aldesleukin, alitretinoin, allopurinol sodium, and daptomycin. sodium), altretamine, amphomycin, ametrine acetate, aminoglutethimide, amsacrine, anastrozole, annonacetolide, anthramycin, asimicin, asparaginase, tricholin, azacitidine, azatepa, azotocin, batimastat, benzotepa, bexarotene, bicalutamide, bisantrene, binefide, binefide, bierexin, bleomycin, brequinar, bropiridamine, blatacin, busulfan, cabergoline, actinomycin, caprotestosterone, caramelamide, carbetamol, carboplatin, carmustine, carrubicin, carzelesin, cedifingol, chlorambucil, celecoxib, cilomycin, cisplatin, cladribine, crestofen, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, DACA, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, daunorubicin, decitabine, denileukin, dextromaplatin, dezaguanine, imipenem, docetaxel, doxorubicin, droloxifene, dromostalone, dazomib, edatrexate, eflornithine, elsamitrucin, estramustine, etanidazole, etoposide, etobranium, fadrozole, fazarabine, fenretinide, floxuridine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, flucitabine, 5-FdUMP, fosquamol, fosteuecine, FK-317, FK-973, FR-66979, FR-900482, gemcitabine, gemtuzumab, ozogamicin, GoldAul98. Goserelin, Guanacone, Hydroxyurea, Idarubicin, Imofosine, Interferon alpha and analogs, Iproplatin, Irinotecan, Lanreotide, Letrozole, Leuprorelin, Lirazole, Lometrexol, Lomustine, Losoxantrone, Masoprofen, Maytansine, Nitrogen mustard, Megestrol acetate, Melengesterone, Melphalan, Menoril, Chlorpheniramine, Metodepa, Mibutamide, Mitocarcin, Mitoglycin, Mitomycin C, Mitospe, Mitotane, Mitoxantrone, Mycophenolic acid, Nocodazole, Noga Mycin, Oprelvekin, Ormaplatin, Oxysulam, Paclitaxel, Pamidronate, Pegaspargase, Pelimycin, Penmustine, Peplomycin, Perfosfamide, Pipobroman, Piposulfan, Piroxantrone, Plicamycin, Promectin, Porfimer Sodium, Porfimer, Prednimustine, Procarbazine, Puromycin, Pyrazotomycin, Riboadenosine, Rituximab, Roglulimide, Rolliniastatin, Safingol, Samarium, Semustine, Simtraqin, Spalfosate, Sparmyn, Spiromycin, Spiromustine, Spiroplatin, Squamotacin, Streptozotocin, Streptozotocin, SrC12, Sulphofenur, Talithromycin, Taxane, Toxoid, Tecoglan, Fludoxorubicin, Tiloxantrone, Temoporfin, Teniposide, Tiroxilon, Testolactone, Thiamidopamine, Thiotepa, Thymitaq, Thiazolecarboxamide nucleoside, Tirapazamine, Raltitrexed, Top-53, Topotecan, Toremixifme, Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab Toron, triciribine, triciribine, trimesate, trimetrexate glucuronide, triptorelin, tobradazole, uramustine, uredepa, valrubicin, vapreotide, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinpoxetine, vinblastine epoxide, vinorelbine, vinprodine, vinblastine, vorozole, zeniplatin, nistatin, dapoxetine, 2-chlorodeoxyrubicin, 2'-deoxymorphone, 9-aminocamptothecin, raltitrexed, N-propargyl-5,8-diazolidinoneacid), 2-chloro-2'arabinofluoro-2'deoxyadenosine, 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine, anisomycin, trichostatin, hPRL-G129R, CEP-751, linomide, sulfur mustard, nitrogen mustard, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, fotemustine, streptozotocin, dacarbazine, mitozolomide, temozolomide, AZQ, ormaplatin, CI-973, DWA2114R, JM216, JM335, double platinum, touyoude, azacitidine, Cytrabincine, gemcitabine, 6-mercaptopurine, hypoxanthine, teniposide, CPT-11, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, losoxantrone, amsacrine, pyrazoloacridine, all-trans retinol, 14-hydroxy-antero-retinol, all-trans retinoic acid, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide, 13-cis retinoic acid, 3-methylTTNEB, 9-cis retinoic acid, fludarabine, and 2-Cda.

[0161] Other chemotherapeutic agents that can be combined with the compounds described herein include: 20-epil, 25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3, 5-ethynyluracil, abiraterone, aclarubicin, acylfulvene, adecylpenol, adolesin, aldesleukin, ALL-TK antagonists, hexamethylmelamine, ambumatine, amidox, amifostine, aminolevulinic acid, anagrelide, anastrozole, andrographolide, angiogenesis inhibitors, antagonist D, multiple antagonist D, antarelix, anti-dorsal morphogenetic protein-1, anti-androgens, anti-estrogens, antineoplastons, antisense oligonucleotides , aphidicolin, apoptosis gene regulator, apoptosis regulator, apurinic nucleic acid, ara-cdp-dl-PTBA, arginine aminopeptide, asulacrine, atamestine, amustine, axinamastine 1 and axinamastine 2, axinamastine 3, azasetron, azatoxin, diazotyrosine, baccatin III derivative, balanol, BCR / ABL antagonist, benzochlorin, benzoylstaurosporine, beta-lactam derivative, beta-alethine. Perillyl alcohol, phenozenomycin, phenyl acetate, phosphatase inhibitors, bisibanib, pilocarpine and its salts or analogs, pirarubicin, piroxine, placetin A, placetin B, plasminogen activator inhibitors, platinum complexes, phenylethyl isothiocyanate and its analogs, platinum compounds, platinum triamine complexes, podophyllotoxin, porfimer sodium, porphyromycin, propyl diacridone, prostaglandin J2, protease inhibitors, protein A-based immunomodulators, PKC inhibitors, microalgae, protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors, purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors, purpurin, pyrazoloacridine, pyridoxaline hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugates, raf antagonists, raltitrexed, ramosetron, ras farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors, ras inhibitors, ras-GAP inhibitors, ratellitptine demethylation, etidronate rhenium Re 186, rhizoxin, ribozyme, RII retinoic acid (RII retinide), roglutimide, rosagliatazone and its analogs and derivatives, roxitomine, romotide, roquine, lubiquinone Bl, ruboxyl, safinol, saintopin, SarCNU, myophylline A, sargramostim, sdi1 mimetic, semustine, senoside inhibitor 1, sense oligonucleotide, signal transduction inhibitor, signal transduction regulator, single-chain antigen binding protein, sizolan, sobuzolan, borcarbamate sodium, sodium phenylacetate, solverol, somatomedin binding protein, sonarmin, sparsosaccharide, spiramycin D, spiromustine, splenpentine, spongistatin 1, squalamine, stem cell inhibitor, stem cell division inhibitor, stipiamide, stromelysin, sulfinosine, superactive vasoactive intestinal peptide antagonist, slasutar uradista), suramin, swainsonine, synthetic glycosaminoglycans, tamustine, tamoxifen methyl iodide, tauromustine, tazarotene, tacogalansodium, fluazifop, tellurapyrilium, telomerase inhibitors, temoporfin, temozolomide, teniposide, tetrachlorodecoxide, tetrazomine, thaliblastine, thalidomide, thiocoraline, thrombopoietin and its mimetics, thymofasin, thymopoietin receptor agonists, thymosin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, tinethyl azepine (tin) ethyl etiopurpin), tirapazamine, cyclopentadienyl titanium and its salts, topotecan, topsentin, toremifene, totipotent stem cell factor, translation inhibitors, tretinoin, triacetyl uridine, triciribine, trimesater, triptorelin, tropisetron, torosterol, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitors, UBC inhibitors, ubenimex, urogenital sinus-derived growth inhibitory factor, urokinase receptor antagonist, vapreotide, variolin B, vector systems, erythrocyte gene therapy, vilaresol, veratramine, vertin, verteporfin, vinorelbine, vinxaltine, integrin antibody (vitaxin), vorozole, zanotherapeutic agent, zeniplatin, benzyl retinoid C and zenastatin.

[0162] Other chemotherapeutic agents that can be combined with the compounds described herein include: antiproliferative agents (e.g., pirtrexine isothiocyanate), antiprostatic hyperplasia agents (cetoside), benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment agents (e.g., tomsulosine, RBX2258), prostate growth inhibitors (pentolman), and radiopharmaceuticals: fibrinogen 1125, fluoro[18F]deoxyglucose, fluorodopa F18, insulin 1125, lobenguane 1123, lodipamide sodium 1131, lodoantipyrine 1131, iodocholesterol 1131, iodipamide 1125, phenobarbital HCl 1123, iomethin 1131, iomethin 1131, iothalamate sodium 1125, iothalamate 1131, iotyrosine 1131, liothyronine 1125, merosproprol Hgl 97. Methyliodobenzoguanine (MIBG-I131 or MIBGI 123), selenomethionine Se75, Technetium Tc99m furifosmin, Technetium Tc99m glucoheptonate, Tc99m biscisate, Tc99m desophenin, Tc99m glucoheptonate, Tc99m lidofenine, Tc99m methylbromphenin, Tc99m methylene diphosphonate and its sodium salt, Tc99m thiophene peptide, Tc99m oxydronic acid, Tc99m pentetate and its salts, Tc99m sutamib, Tc99m boroxime, Tc99m succinic acid, Tc99m sulfur colloid, Tc99m thiophene, Tc 99m Tetrofosmin, Tc99m Thiopeptide (Tc99m Tiatide), Thyroxine 1125, Thyroxine 1131, Iotopone 1131, Triolein 1125 and Treoline 1125, as well as Treoline 131, MIBG-I123 and MIBG1131.

[0163] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are administered in combination with one or more immune checkpoint inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, tubulin inhibitors, or topoisomerase inhibitors.

[0164] In certain embodiments, the compounds described herein are administered in combination with one or more immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors include any agent that blocks or suppresses the inhibitory pathway of the immune system in a statistically significant manner. Illustrative immune checkpoint targets for blocking or suppressing include but are not limited to CTLA-4, PDL1, PDL2, PD1, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, HVEM, GAL9, LAG3, TIM3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4 (belonging to the CD2 molecule family and expressed on all NK, γδ and memory CD8+ (αβ) T cells), CD160 (also referred to as BY55), CGEN-15049, CHK 1 and CHK2 kinases, A2aR and various B-7 family ligands. B7 family ligands include but are not limited to B7-1, B7-2, B7-DC, B7-H1, B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6 and B7-H7. Immune checkpoint inhibitors include antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, other binding proteins, biologic therapies, or small molecules that bind to and block or inhibit the activity of one or more of the following: CTLA-4, PDL1, PDL2, PD1, BTLA, HVEM, TIM3, GAL9, LAG3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4, CD160, and CGEN-15049. Illustrative immune checkpoint inhibitors include tremelimumab (CTLA-4 blocking antibody), anti-OX40, PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (anti-B7-H1; MEDI4736), MK-3475 (PD-1 blocker), nivolumab (anti-PD1 antibody), CT-011 (anti-PD1 antibody), BY55 monoclonal antibody, AMP224 (anti-PDL1 antibody), BMS-936559 (anti-PDL1 antibody), MPLDL3280A (anti-PDL1 antibody), MSB0010718C (anti-PDL1 antibody) and Yervoy / ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitor). Checkpoint protein ligands include, but are not limited to, PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3, B7-H4, CD28, CD86, and TIM-3.

[0165] In one embodiment, the present invention contemplates that the compound of the present invention can be used together with one or more additional therapies. The one or more additional therapies block the interaction between the immune checkpoint receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1. See A. Mullard, "New checkpoint inhibitors ride theimmunotherapy tsunami," Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery (2013), 12: 489-492. PD-1 is expressed on T cells and regulates its activity. Specifically, when PD-1 is not bound to PDL-1, T cells can engage and kill target cells. However, when PD-1 is bound to PDL-1, it causes T cells to stop engaging and killing target cells. In addition, unlike other checkpoints, PD-1 works approximately, so PDL is directly overexpressed on cancer cells, which results in increased binding to T cells expressing PD-1.

[0166] On the other hand, the compounds of the present disclosure can be used in combination with antibodies that can act as agonists of PD-1, thereby regulating the immune response regulated by PD-1. In one embodiment, the anti-PD-1 antibody can be an antigen binding fragment. The anti-PD-1 antibodies disclosed herein can bind to human PD-1 and excite the activity of PD-1, thereby inhibiting the function of immune cells expressing PD-1. In some embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure can be used in combination with one or more PD-1 inhibitors selected from the following: pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplizumab, spartalizumab, carrelizumab, sintilimab, tislelizumab, toripalizumab, nivolumab, AMP-224 or AMP-514. In some embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure can be used in combination with one or more PD-L1 inhibitors selected from the following: atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, KN035, CK-301, AUNP12, CA-170 or BMS-986189.

[0167] In some embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure may be used in combination with one or more therapeutic agents that inhibit CTLA-4. Anti-CTLA4 antagonists suitable for use herein include, but are not limited to, anti-CTLA4 antibodies, human anti-CTLA4 antibodies, mouse anti-CTLA4 antibodies, mammalian anti-CTLA4 antibodies, humanized anti-CTLA4 antibodies, monoclonal anti-CTLA4 antibodies, polyclonal anti-CTLA4 antibodies, chimeric anti-CTLA4 antibodies, MDX-010 (ipilimumab), tremelimumab, anti-CD28 antibodies, anti-CTLA4 adnectins, anti-CTLA4 domain antibodies, single-chain anti-CTLA4 fragments, heavy-chain anti-CTLA4 fragments, light-chain anti-CTLA4 fragments, inhibitors of CTLA4 that agonize co-stimulatory pathways, antibodies disclosed in PCT Publication No. WO 2001 / 014424, antibodies disclosed in PCT Publication No. WO 2004 / 035607, antibodies disclosed in U.S. Publication No. 2005 / 0201994, and antibodies disclosed in granted European Patent No. EP 1212422 Bl. Additional CTLA-4 antibodies are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,811,097, 5,855,887, 6,051,227, and 6,984,720; in PCT Publication Nos. WO 01 / 14424 and WO 00 / 37504; and in U.S. Publication Nos. 2002 / 0039581 and 2002 / 086014. Other anti-CTLA-4 antibodies that can be used in the methods of the present invention include, for example, those disclosed in WO 98 / 42752; U.S. Patent Nos. 6,682,736 and 6,207,156; Hurwitz et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95(17):10067-10071 (1998); Camacho et al., J. Clin. Oncology, 22(145):Abstract No. 2505 (2004) (antibody CP-675206); Mokyr et al., Cancer Res., 58:5301-5304 (1998) and U.S. Patent Nos. 5,977,318, 6,682,736, 7,109,003 and 7,132,281.Additional anti-CTLA4 antagonists include, but are not limited to, any inhibitor that is capable of disrupting the ability of the CD28 antigen to bind to its cognate ligand, inhibiting the ability of CTLA4 to bind to its cognate ligand, enhancing T cell responses via co-stimulatory pathways, disrupting the ability of B7 to bind to CD28 and / or CTLA4, disrupting the ability of B7 to activate co-stimulatory pathways, disrupting the ability of CD80 to bind to CD28 and / or CTLA4, disrupting the ability of CD80 to activate co-stimulatory pathways, disrupting the ability of CD86 to bind to CD28 and / or CTLA4, disrupting the ability of CD86 to activate co-stimulatory pathways, and disrupting co-stimulatory pathways that are not normally activated. This necessarily includes small molecule inhibitors of CD28, CD80, CD86, CTLA4, and other members of the costimulatory pathway; antibodies to CD28, CD80, CD86, CTLA4, and other members of the costimulatory pathway; antisense molecules to CD28, CD80, CD86, CTLA4, and other members of the costimulatory pathway; adnectins to CD28, CD80, CD86, CTLA4, and other members of the costimulatory pathway, RNAi inhibitors (both single and double chain) to CD28, CD80, CD86, CTLA4, and other members of the costimulatory pathway, and other anti-CTLA4 antagonists.

[0168] In some embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure can be used in combination with one or more therapeutic agents that inhibit TIM-3. By blocking the activation of TIM-3 by ligands, Th1 cell activation is increased. In addition, TIM-3 has been identified as an important inhibitory receptor expressed by exhausted CD8+ T cells. TIM-3 has also been reported as a key regulator of nucleic acid-mediated anti-tumor immunity. In one example, TIM-3 has been shown to be upregulated on tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADC).

[0169] Application method

[0170] The compounds used in the methods described herein can be administered by any suitable method and technique currently or anticipated to be known to those skilled in the art. For example, the active ingredients described herein can be formulated into a physiologically acceptable form or a pharmaceutically acceptable form and administered by any suitable route known in the art, including, for example, oral and parenteral routes of administration. As used herein, the term "parenteral" includes subcutaneous, intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and intrasternal administration, such as by injection. The administration of the active ingredients of their compositions can be a single administration, or can be administered at continuous and varying intervals that can be readily determined by those skilled in the art.

[0171] As described herein, compositions comprising an active compound and a certain type of excipient can be used in a variety of medical and non-medical applications. For example, a pharmaceutical composition comprising an active compound and an excipient can be used to treat or prevent mycobacterial infection.

[0172] "Excipients" include any and all solvents, diluents or other liquid carriers, dispersing or suspending aids, surfactants, isotonic agents, thickeners or emulsifiers, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants, and the like, which are suitable for the particular dosage form desired. General considerations in formulation and / or manufacture can be found, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th ed., E.W. Martin (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1980) and Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st ed. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005).

[0173] Exemplary excipients include, but are not limited to, any non-toxic, inert solid, semisolid, or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material, or formulation auxiliary of any type. Some examples of materials that can be used as excipients include, but are not limited to, sugars such as lactose, glucose, and sucrose; starches such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, and cellulose acetate; tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil; safflower oil; sesame oil; olive oil; corn oil, and soybean oil; glycols such as propylene glycol; esters such as ethyl oleate, ethyl laurate; agar; detergents such as Tween 80; buffers such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ringer's solution; ethanol; and phosphate buffered solutions, as well as other nontoxic compatible lubricants such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, release agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents, preservatives, and antioxidants may also be present in the composition (at the discretion of the formulator). As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the excipient can be selected based on the use of the composition. For example, for pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions, the choice of excipient will depend on the route of administration, the medicament being delivered, the time course of delivery of the medicament, etc., and can be administered to humans and / or animals in the following ways: orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternal, intravaginal, intranasal, intraperitoneal, topically (such as by powders, creams, ointments or drops), buccally or as an oral or nasal spray. In some embodiments, the active compounds disclosed herein are administered topically.

[0174] Exemplary diluents include calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate, dibasic calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, dibasic calcium phosphate, sodium phosphate, lactose, sucrose, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol, sodium chloride, dry starch, corn starch, powdered sugar, and the like, and combinations thereof.

[0175] Exemplary granulating and / or dispersing agents include potato starch, corn starch, tapioca starch, sodium starch glycolate, clays, alginic acid, guar gum, citrus pulp, agar, bentonite, cellulose and wood products, natural sponge, cation exchange resins, calcium carbonate, silicates, sodium carbonate, cross-linked poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (crospovidone), sodium carboxymethyl starch (sodium starch glycolate), carboxymethyl cellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (croscarmellose), methylcellulose, pregelatinized starch (starch 1500), microcrystalline starch, water-insoluble starch, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium aluminum silicate (magnesium aluminum silicate), sodium lauryl sulfate, quaternary ammonium compounds, and the like, and combinations thereof.

[0176] Exemplary surfactants and / or emulsifiers include natural emulsifiers (e.g., gum arabic, agar, alginic acid, sodium alginate, tragacanth, chondroitin, cholesterol, xanthan gum, pectin, gelatin, egg yolk, casein, lanolin, cholesterol, waxes, and lecithin), colloidal clays (e.g., bentonite [aluminum silicate] and magnesium aluminum silicate [magnesium aluminum silicate]), long-chain amino acid derivatives, high molecular weight alcohols (e.g., stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, triacetin monostearate, ethylene glycol distearate, glyceryl monostearate, and propylene glycol monostearate, polyvinyl alcohol), carbomers (e.g., carboxypolymethylene, polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid polymers, and carboxyvinyl polymers), (e.g., sodium carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose powder, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose), sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate [Tween 20], polyoxyethylene sorbitol [Tween 60], polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate [Tween 80], sorbitan monopalmitate [Span 40], sorbitan monostearate [Span 60], sorbitan tristearate [Span 65], glycerol monooleate, sorbitan monooleate [Span 80]), polyoxyethylene esters (e.g., polyoxyethylene monostearate [Myrj 45], polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, polyoxymethylene stearate and Solutol), sucrose fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters (e.g., Cremophor), polyoxyethylene ethers (e.g., polyoxyethylene lauryl ether [Brij30]), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), diethylene glycol monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, ethyl oleate, oleic acid, ethyl laurate, sodium lauryl sulfate, Pluronic F68, poloxamer 188, cetrimonium bromide, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, docusate sodium, etc., and / or combinations thereof. Exemplary binders include starches (e.g., corn starch and starch paste), gelatin, sugars (e.g., sucrose, glucose, dextrose, dextrin, molasses, lactose, lactitol, mannitol, etc.), natural and synthetic gums (e.g., gum arabic, sodium alginate, extract of Irish moss, panwar gum, ghatti gum, mucilage of isapol husk, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose acetate, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), magnesium aluminum silicate (magnesium aluminum silicate), and larch arabogalactan), alginates, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, inorganic calcium salts, silicic acid, polymethacrylates, waxes, water, alcohols, etc., and / or combinations thereof.

[0177] Exemplary preservatives include antioxidants, chelating agents, antimicrobial preservatives, antifungal preservatives, alcohol preservatives, acidic preservatives, and other preservatives.

[0178] Exemplary antioxidants include alpha tocopherol, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, monothioglycerol, potassium metabisulfite, propionic acid, propyl gallate, sodium ascorbate, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, and sodium sulfite.

[0179] Exemplary chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its salts and hydrates (e.g., sodium edetate, disodium edetate, trisodium edetate, calcium disodium edetate, dipotassium edetate, etc.), citric acid and its salts and hydrates (e.g., citric acid monohydrate), fumaric acid and its salts and hydrates, malic acid and its salts and hydrates, phosphoric acid and its salts and hydrates, and tartaric acid and its salts and hydrates. Exemplary antimicrobial preservatives include benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, bronopol, cetrimidenium bromide, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, chlorobutanol, chlorocresol, chloroxylenol, cresol, ethanol, glycerin, hexetidine, imidazolidinyl urea, phenol, phenoxyethanol, phenylethyl alcohol, phenylmercuric nitrate, propylene glycol, and thimerosal.

[0180] Exemplary antifungal preservatives include butylparaben, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, benzoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, potassium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium propionate, and sorbic acid.

[0181] Exemplary alcohol preservatives include ethanol, polyethylene glycol, phenol, phenolic compounds, bisphenol, chlorobutanol, hydroxybenzoates, and phenylethanol.

[0182] In some embodiments, the preservative is an antioxidant. In some embodiments, the preservative is an acidic preservative. In some embodiments, the preservative is an antioxidant. In some embodiments, the preservative is an antioxidant. In some embodiments, the preservative is an alkyl ester. In some embodiments, the preservative is an alkyl ester. In some embodiments, the preservative is an alkyl ester. In some embodiments, the preservative is an alkyl ester. In some embodiments, the preservative is an alkyl ester.

[0183] Exemplary buffers include citrate buffer solution, acetate buffer solution, phosphate buffer solution, ammonium chloride, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium glucuronate, calcium glucoheptonate, calcium gluconate, D-gluconic acid, calcium glycerophosphate, calcium lactate, propionic acid, calcium levulinate, valeric acid, dibasic calcium phosphate, phosphoric acid, tricalcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide phosphate, potassium acetate, potassium chloride, potassium gluconate, potassium mixtures, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate mixtures, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate mixtures, tromethamine, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, alginic acid, pyrogen-free water, isotonic saline, Ringer's solution, ethanol, and the like, and combinations thereof.

[0184] Exemplary lubricants include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid, silicon dioxide, talc, malt, glyceryl behenate, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, leucine, magnesium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and the like, and combinations thereof.

[0185] Exemplary natural oils include almond, bitter almond, avocado, babassu, bergamot, black currant, borage, juniper, chamomile, corona, caraway, babassu, castor, cinnamon, cocoa butter, coconut, cod liver, coffee, corn, cottonseed, emu, eucalyptus, evening primrose, fish, flaxseed, geraniol, gourd, grape seed, hazelnut, hyssop, isopropyl myristate, jojoba, macadamia, lavender, lavender, lemon, litsea cubeba, macadamia, mallow, mango seed, meadowfoam seed, mink, nutmeg, olive, orange, orange roughy, palm, palm kernel, peach kernel, peanut, poppy seed, pumpkin seed, rapeseed, rice bran, rosemary, safflower, sandalwood, sasquana, savory, sea buckthorn, sesame, shea butter, silicone oil, soybean, sunflower, tea tree, thistle, tsubaki, vetiver, walnut, and wheat germ oil. Exemplary synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, butyl stearate, tricaprylin, tricaprin, cyclomethicone, diethyl sebacate, dimethicone 360, isopropyl myristate, mineral oil, octyldodecanol, oleyl alcohol, silicone oil, and combinations thereof.

[0186] In addition, the composition may further comprise a polymer. Exemplary polymers contemplated herein include, but are not limited to, cellulosic polymers and copolymers, for example, cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose (MC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC), methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and its various salts, including, for example, sodium salts, hydroxyethylcarboxymethylcellulose (HECMC) and its various salts, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose (CMHEC) and its various salts, other polysaccharides and polysaccharide derivatives such as starch, dextran, dextran derivatives, chitosan, and alginic acid and its various salts, carageenan, various gums including xanthan gum, guar gum, gum arabic, gum karaya, gum ghatti, konjac, and gum tragacanth, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans such as hyaluronic acid and its salts, proteins such as gelatin, collagen, albumin, and fibrin, other polymers such as polyhydroxy acids such as polylactic acid, polyglycolide, , poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(ε-caprolactone-co-glycolide)-), carboxyvinyl polymers and their salts (e.g., carbomer), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyacrylic acid and its salts, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid / acrylamide copolymers, polyalkylene oxides (such as polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) and Pluronic polymers), polyoxyethylene (polyethylene glycol), polyanhydrides, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylamine and polypyridine, polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers (e.g., PEGylated lipids (e.g., PEG-stearate, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-1000], 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000], and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-5000])), and copolymers and salts thereof.

[0187] In addition, the composition can further comprise an emulsifier. Exemplary emulsifiers include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone and copolymers thereof, poloxamer nonionic surfactants, neutral water-soluble polysaccharides (e.g., dextran, Ficoll, cellulose), non-cationic poly(meth)acrylates, non-cationic polyacrylates (such as, poly(meth)acrylic acid, and amide esters and hydroxyalkylamides thereof), natural emulsifiers (e.g., gum arabic, agar, alginic acid, sodium alginate, tragacanth, chondroitin, cholesterol, xanthan gum, pectin, gelatin, egg yolk, casein, lanolin, cholesterol, wax and lecithin), colloidal clays (e.g., bentonite [aluminum silicate] and magnesium aluminum silicate [magnesium aluminum silicate]), long-chain amino acid derivatives, high molecular weight alcohols (e.g., stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, triacetin monostearate, ethylene glycol monostearate, PEG-60, PEG-70, PEG-80, PEG-90, PEG-100, PEG-110, PEG-120, PEG-130, PEG-140, PEG-150, PEG-160, PEG-170, PEG-180, PEG-190, PEG-200, PEG-210, PEG-220, PEG-230, PEG-240, PEG-250, PEG-260, PEG-270, PEG-280, PEG-290, PEG-300, PEG-310, PEG-320 propylene glycol monostearate, glyceryl monostearate, and propylene glycol monostearate, polyvinyl alcohol), carbomers (e.g., carboxypolymethylene, polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid polymers, and carboxyvinyl polymers), carrageenan, cellulose derivatives (e.g., sodium carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose powder, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose), sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate [Tween 20], polyoxyethylene sorbitol [Tween 60], polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate [Tween 80], sorbitan monopalmitate [Span 40], sorbitan monostearate [Span 60], sorbitan tristearate [Span 65], glyceryl monooleate, sorbitan monooleate [Span 80]), polyoxyethylene esters (e.g., polyoxyethylene monostearate [Myr 45], polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, polyoxymethylene stearate and Solutol), sucrose fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters (e.g., Cremophor), polyoxyethylene ethers (e.g., polyoxyethylene lauryl ether [Brij 30]), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), diethylene glycol monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, ethyl oleate, oleic acid, ethyl laurate, sodium lauryl sulfate, Pluronic F68, poloxamer 188, cetrimonium bromide, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, docusate sodium, etc., and / or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the emulsifier is cholesterol.

[0188] Liquid compositions include emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active compound, the liquid composition can contain inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizers and emulsifiers, such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oil (particularly cottonseed oil, peanut oil, corn oil, germ oil, olive oil, castor oil and sesame oil), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. In addition to the inert diluent, oral compositions can also include adjuvants, such as wetting agents, emulsifiers and suspending agents, sweeteners, flavorings and aromatics.

[0189] Injectable compositions, for example, injectable aqueous or oily suspensions can be formulated using suitable dispersants or wetting agents and suspending agents according to known techniques. Sterile injectable preparations can also be non-toxic injectable solutions, suspensions or emulsions in parenterally acceptable diluents or solvents, for example, as solutions in 1,3-butanediol. Acceptable carriers and solvents for pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions that can be used are water, Ringer's solution, USP and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile fixed oils are commonly used as solvents or suspending media. Any light fixed oil can be used, including synthetic monoglycerides or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids (e.g., oleic acid) are also used in the preparation of injections. In certain embodiments, the particles are resuspended in a carrier fluid comprising 1% (w / v) sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.1% (v / v) Tween 80. The injectable compositions can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacteria-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions that can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use.

[0190] Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration may be in the form of suppositories which may be prepared by mixing the granules with a suitable non-irritating excipient or carrier, such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which is solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melts in the rectum or vaginal cavity to release the granules.

[0191] Solid compositions include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid compositions, the granules are mixed with at least one excipient and / or a) filler or extender, such as starch, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid; b) binder, such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, and gum arabic; c) humectant, such as glycerol; d) disintegrant, such as agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate; e) solution retardant, such as paraffin; f) absorption accelerator, such as quaternary ammonium compounds; g) wetting agent, such as, for example, cetyl alcohol and glyceryl monostearate; h) absorbent, such as kaolin and bentonite; and i) lubricant, such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets, and pills, the dosage form may also contain a buffer. Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using excipients such as lactose (milk sugar) as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.

[0192] Tablets, capsules, pills and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings known in the art of pharmaceutical formulations. They may optionally contain opacifiers and may also have compositions in which they release (optionally in a delayed manner) the active ingredient only or preferably in a certain portion of the intestinal tract. Examples of operable embedding compositions include polymeric substances and waxes. Similar types of solid compositions may also be used as fillers in soft-filled and hard-filled gelatin capsules using excipients such as lactose (milk sugar) and high molecular weight polyethylene glycols.

[0193] Compositions for topical or transdermal administration include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or patches.The active compound is mixed with excipients and any needed preservatives or buffers as may be required.

[0194] Ointments, pastes, creams and gels may contain, in addition to the active compounds, excipients such as animal and vegetable fats, oils, waxes, paraffin, starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicone, bentonite, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures thereof.

[0195] Powders and sprays may contain, in addition to the active compound, excipients such as lactose, talc, silicic acid, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicates and polyamide powder, or mixtures of these substances. Sprays may additionally contain customary propellants such as chlorofluorohydrocarbons.

[0196] Transdermal patches have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of compounds to the body. Such dosage forms can be prepared by dissolving or dispersing the nanoparticles in an appropriate medium. Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound through the skin. Rate control can be achieved by providing a rate-controlling membrane or by dispersing the particles in a polymer matrix or gel.

[0197] The active ingredient may be administered in such amounts, at such times, and by such routes as are deemed necessary to achieve the desired result. The exact amount of the active ingredient will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and general condition of the subject, the severity of the infection, the specific active ingredient, its mode of administration, its mode of activity, and the like. The active ingredient, whether the active compound itself or in combination with a pharmaceutical agent, is preferably formulated in dosage unit form to facilitate administration and uniformity of dosage. However, it will be understood that the total daily dosage of the active ingredient will be determined by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. For any particular subject, the specific therapeutically effective dosage level will depend on a variety of factors, including: the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the active ingredient being used; the specific composition being used; the patient's age, weight, general health, sex, and diet; the time of administration, route of administration, and the excretion rate of the specific active ingredient being used; the duration of treatment; drugs used in combination with or concurrently with the specific active ingredient being used; and similar factors well known in the medical field.

[0198] Active ingredient can be administered by any route. In some embodiments, active ingredient is administered via a variety of routes, including oral, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intramedullary, intrathecal, subcutaneous, intraventricular, transdermal, intradermal, rectal, intravaginal, intraperitoneal, topical (such as by powder, ointment, cream and / or drops), mucosal, nasal, buccal, intestinal, sublingual; by intratracheal instillation, bronchial instillation and / or inhalation; and / or as an oral spray, nasal spray and / or aerosol. In general, the most appropriate route of administration will depend on a variety of factors, including the properties of the active ingredient (e.g., its stability in the gastrointestinal environment), the condition of the subject (e.g., whether the subject can tolerate oral administration), etc.

[0199] The exact amount of active ingredient required to achieve a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount varies from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and general condition of the subject, the severity of the side effects or disorder, the characteristics of the particular compound or compounds, the mode of administration, etc. The amount to be administered to, for example, a child or adolescent can be determined by a licensed physician or person skilled in the art and may be less than or equal to the amount administered to an adult.

[0200] Useful dosages of the active agents and pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be determined by comparing their in vitro and in vivo activity in animal models. Methods for extrapolating effective dosages in mice and other animals to humans are known in the art.

[0201] The dosage range of the composition should be large enough to produce the desired effect, thereby affecting the symptoms or disorder. The dosage should not be so large as to cause adverse side effects, such as undesirable cross-reactions, allergic reactions, etc. Generally, the dosage will vary with the patient's age, condition, sex, and degree of disease, and can be determined by those skilled in the art. If there are any contraindications, the dosage can also be adjusted by an individual physician. The dosage can vary and can be administered in one or more doses per day for one or more days.

[0202] Several embodiments of the present disclosure have been described. However, it should be understood that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.

[0203] By way of non-limiting illustration, examples of certain embodiments of the present disclosure are given below.

[0204] Examples

[0205] The following examples are presented in order to provide those of ordinary skill in the art with a complete disclosure and description of how to prepare and evaluate the compounds, compositions, and / or methods claimed herein, and are intended to be purely exemplary of the disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of what the inventors regard as their disclosure. Efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect to the numbers, but some errors and deviations should be accounted for.

[0206] Example 1. Inhibition of IL1b-induced NF-κB activation in ST2 cells using compound 1

[0207] UR241-2 has the following chemical structure:

[0208]

[0209] It was administered to ST2 cells.

[0210] Procedure: For drug treatment, 1 x 10 4THP-1NF-κB luciferase reporter cells were seeded in 96-well white plates. Small molecule compounds were serially diluted in RPMI / 0.5% FBS culture medium and pre-incubated with cells at 37°C for 30 minutes. Human IL-1β was added to the wells to a final concentration of 10 ng / mL, and the plates were incubated at 37°C for another 6 hours. According to the manufacturer's protocol, luciferase assays were performed using the ONE-Glo luciferase assay system (Promega). In short, 100 μL of ONE-Glo reagent (1: 1) was added to each well and waited for at least 3 minutes to allow the cells to completely lyse. Luminescence was measured using a Synergy 2 microplate reader (BioTek).

[0211] Method for synthesis: commercially available acid is coupled with substituted aniline using DCC in anhydrous DMF. In short, an equimolar amount of DCC is added to a solution of substituted pyridine carboxylic acid and stirred at ice temperature for 20 minutes. An equimolar amount of substituted aniline is then added and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight. DMF is removed under reduced pressure using a Buchi rotary evaporator. An ice mixture is added to the reaction mixture and ground. The separated crude solid is filtered. A small portion of the crude product is purified using a preparative TLC plate. Pure compound bands are extracted from the preparative TLC plate. MeOH / DCM (90:10) is used to strip the compound from silica gel. The solvent is evaporated, and the compound is stored at -20°C for research. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is used to confirm the structure of the compound.

[0212] Representative compounds UR241-1 and UR241-2 were prepared according to the above synthetic procedure:

[0213]

[0214] The compositions and methods of the appended claims are not limited to the scope of the specific compositions and methods described herein, which are intended to illustrate some aspects of the claims, and any compositions and methods that are functionally equivalent are intended to fall within the scope of the claims. Various modifications to the compositions and methods, other than those shown and described herein, are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. In addition, although only certain representative compositions and method steps disclosed herein are specifically described, other combinations of composition and method steps are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims even if not specifically described. Therefore, combinations of steps, elements, parts, or components may be explicitly mentioned herein, but other combinations of steps, elements, parts, and components are included even if not explicitly stated.

[0215] Except as described in the examples or otherwise indicated, all numbers used in the specification and claims to express quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, etc. should be understood as minimum values ​​and are not intended to limit the doctrine of equivalents of this application to the scope of the claims. They should be understood in accordance with the number of significant figures and ordinary rounding techniques.

Claims

1. A compound selected from the group consisting of: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2, further comprising a second therapeutic agent.

4. Use of the compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the preparation of a medicament for treating pancreatic cancer, leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome in a subject in need thereof.

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