A transdermal drug delivery device and method

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a transdermal drug delivery device, comprising: a device body, wherein a control module, a plasma and electroporation module, an iontophoresis module and a power module are arranged in the device body; wherein the control module is used for converting a first low-voltage direct current signal provided by the power module into a second low-voltage direct current signal for the plasma and electroporation module; the plasma and electroporation module is used for converting the second low-voltage direct current signal provided by the control module into a symmetric oscillation high-voltage pulse signal and introducing the signal into the skin surface through a high-voltage electrode; the iontophoresis module is used for converting the first low-voltage direct current signal provided by the power module into a rectangular pulse signal and introducing the signal into the skin surface through a low-voltage electrode, so as to be coupled with the symmetric oscillation high-voltage pulse signal introduced by the high-voltage electrode to promote the transdermal absorption of the drug; and the control module is further used for controlling the plasma and electroporation module and the iontophoresis module to perform the above actions at different times or simultaneously.

Description

A transdermal drug delivery device and method Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of biomedical and circuit design technology, specifically relating to a transdermal drug delivery device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Transdermal drug delivery is a method of drug administration that delivers medication into the body through the skin. After application, the drug penetrates the epidermis and dermis, and is subsequently absorbed into the bloodstream via capillaries. This method avoids the first-pass effect of the liver and the degradation by the gastrointestinal tract associated with oral medications. It also allows for continuous and stable drug delivery, maintaining a stable drug concentration in the blood. Furthermore, it prolongs the duration of action, reduces the frequency of administration, avoids the peak-and-trough effects of oral medications, and minimizes side effects. However, the stratum corneum, with its "brick-wall" structure, acts as a strong barrier, preventing most drugs from being delivered transdermally through natural penetration. Therefore, methods to enhance penetration are necessary.

[0003] Currently, methods for enhancing transdermal drug penetration are mainly divided into chemical and physical methods. Chemical methods enhance penetration by altering the structure of intercellular lipids in keratinocytes or by solubilizing proteins within keratinocytes with penetration enhancers. Physical methods enhance penetration by modifying the structure of the skin surface through techniques such as iontophoresis, electroporation, and plasma permeation, thereby promoting drug penetration.

[0004] However, each transdermal drug delivery device has a relatively simple permeation enhancement method and is applicable to a limited range of drugs. For example, iontophoresis devices only have iontophoresis as a method and are only suitable for drugs with positive or negative polarity.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background technology of this application, and therefore may include prior art that is not known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this disclosure is to provide a transdermal drug delivery device and method that combines three electrical technologies—plasma, electroporation, and iontophoresis—for transdermal drug delivery, thus offering broader drug applicability and better permeation enhancement.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this disclosure provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A transdermal drug delivery device for enhancing penetration, comprising:

[0009] Main body of the device;

[0010] The main body of the device includes a control module, a plasma and electroporation module, an ion implantation module, and a power supply module; among which,

[0011] The control module is used to convert the first low-voltage DC signal provided by the power module into a second low-voltage DC signal to supply the plasma and electroporation module;

[0012] The plasma and electroporation module is used to convert the second low-voltage DC signal provided by the control module into a symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse signal and introduce it into the skin surface through a high-voltage electrode.

[0013] The iontophoresis module is used to convert the first low-voltage DC signal provided by the power module into a rectangular pulse signal and introduce it into the skin surface through the low-voltage electrode, so as to couple with the symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse signal introduced by the high-voltage electrode to promote transdermal drug absorption.

[0014] The control module is also used to control the plasma and electroporation module and the iontophoresis module to perform the above actions in a time-sharing or simultaneous manner.

[0015] Preferably, the plasma and electroporation module includes:

[0016] The first boost module is used to boost the second low-voltage DC signal for the first time to obtain the first boost signal;

[0017] An energy storage module is used to store the first boost signal;

[0018] The second boost module is used to boost the first boost signal a second time to obtain a symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse signal.

[0019] Preferably, the first boost module includes a transistor Q1, resistors R17, R18, R19, R21, a MOSFET Q2, and a transformer T1; wherein, transistor Q1 and resistors R17 to R21 constitute a MOSFET driving circuit, and the MOSFET driving circuit, MOSFET Q2, and the first transformer T1 are connected in sequence.

[0020] Preferably, the second boost module includes resistors R20 and R22, capacitors C20 and C21, thyristors Q3 and Q4, Zener diode ZD1, transformer T2, transformer T3, and diode D3; wherein, resistor R22 and capacitor C21 are connected in parallel and then connected to the control module and thyristor Q3 to form the first and second stage boost control circuits.

[0021] Preferably, the iontophoresis module includes:

[0022] A boost and voltage multiplier module is used to convert a first low-voltage DC signal into a high-voltage DC signal;

[0023] The detection and adjustment module is used to detect and adjust the high-voltage DC signal to obtain a rectangular pulse signal;

[0024] The output module is used to output rectangular pulse signals.

[0025] Preferably, the boost and voltage multiplier module includes a boost chip U4, peripheral circuitry, and a voltage multiplier circuit.

[0026] Preferably, the detection and adjustment module includes a current detection chip U5, an operational amplifier U6, transistors Q5 to Q9, resistors R25 to R37, and capacitors C26 to C29; wherein, the current detection chip U5 is connected to the control module and is used to convert the first high-voltage DC Vhigh2 into a detection voltage Vadc to realize current detection; the operational amplifier U6, transistors Q5 to Q9, and resistors R25 to R37 form an output current adjustment circuit and are connected to the control module.

[0027] Preferably, the control module includes a central control chip, which is connected to an input circuit, a voltage regulation circuit, and a display circuit.

[0028] Preferably, the voltage regulation module includes an operational amplifier U2 and a voltage regulation chip U3, wherein the operational amplifier U2 is connected to external resistors R7 to R14 and capacitors C15 and C16, and the voltage regulation chip U3 is connected to external resistors R15 and R16, capacitors C17 and C18, diode D1 and inductor L1.

[0029] This disclosure also provides a transdermal method for enhancing drug penetration, comprising the following steps:

[0030] S100: The power module provides the first low-voltage DC;

[0031] S200: The control module converts the first low-voltage DC provided by the power module into a second low-voltage DC and supplies it to the plasma and electroporation module. Under the control of the control module, the plasma and electroporation module converts the second low-voltage DC into a symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse and introduces it into the human skin through the high-voltage electrode to generate an electroporation effect. At the same time, plasma is generated by the dielectric barrier discharge of the air to improve skin permeability and promote drug penetration.

[0032] S300: Under the control of the control module, the iontophoresis module converts the first low-voltage DC power supplied by the power module into a rectangular pulse signal, which is then introduced into the human skin through the low-voltage electrode to form a current loop with the human skin, generating a permeation-promoting current to promote the transdermal penetration of drugs.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this disclosure are as follows:

[0034] 1. This disclosure enables transdermal drug delivery by combining three electrical technologies: plasma, electroporation, and iontophoresis, resulting in broader drug applicability and better penetration enhancement.

[0035] 2. In addition to promoting transdermal drug penetration, plasma treatment of the skin can also achieve disinfection and sterilization. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a transdermal drug delivery device according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0037] Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of the central control chip in a control module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0038] Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of the input circuit in a control module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0039] Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of the voltage regulation circuit in the control module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0040] Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of a display circuit interface provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0041] Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of a plasma and electroporation module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0042] Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of the boost and voltage multiplier modules in an ion implantation module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0043] Figure 8 is a circuit diagram of the detection and adjustment module in an ion implantation module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0044] Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of the output module in an ion implantation module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0045] Figure 10 is a waveform diagram of the symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse output by the plasma and electroporation module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of promoting transdermal drug penetration provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Specific embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to Figures 1 through 11. While specific embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the figures, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0048] It should be noted that certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art will understand that different terms may be used to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in terminology, but rather on differences in function. The terms "comprising" or "including" used throughout the specification and claims are open-ended and should be interpreted as "comprising but not limited to." The following descriptions are preferred embodiments for carrying out this disclosure; however, these descriptions are for the purpose of understanding the general principles of the specification and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. The scope of protection of this disclosure is determined by the appended claims.

[0049] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this disclosure, further explanations and descriptions will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0050] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG1, this disclosure provides a transdermal drug delivery device, comprising:

[0051] Main body of the device;

[0052] The main body of the device includes a control module 1, a plasma and electroporation module 2, an ion implantation module 3, and a power supply module 4; among which,

[0053] The control module 1 is used to convert the first low-voltage DC signal provided by the power module 4 into a second low-voltage DC signal to supply the plasma and electroporation module 2;

[0054] The plasma and electroporation module 2 is used to convert the second low-voltage DC signal provided by the control module 1 into a symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse signal and introduce it into the skin surface through the high-voltage electrode 24;

[0055] The iontophoresis module 3 is used to convert the first low-voltage DC signal provided by the power module 4 into a rectangular pulse signal and introduce it into the skin surface through the low-voltage electrode 34, so as to couple with the symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse signal introduced by the high-voltage electrode to promote transdermal drug absorption.

[0056] The control module is also used to control the plasma and electroporation module and the iontophoresis module to perform the above actions in a time-sharing or simultaneous manner.

[0057] The above embodiments constitute the complete technical solution of this disclosure. In this embodiment, the symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse signal generated by the plasma and electroporation modules is introduced into the skin surface via high-voltage electrodes, which can generate an electroporation effect on the skin surface, increasing skin permeability. Simultaneously, plasma can be generated through the dielectric barrier discharge of air, further enhancing skin permeability. The rectangular pulse signal generated by the iontophoresis module can form a current loop with the skin, thereby generating a permeation-enhancing current, which in turn improves drug penetration. Compared with the prior art, this embodiment can combine plasma, electroporation, and iontophoresis—three electrical technologies—for transdermal drug delivery, resulting in broader drug applicability and a better permeation-enhancing effect.

[0058] In another embodiment, as shown in FIG2, the control module 1 includes a central control chip, which is connected to an input circuit, a voltage regulation circuit and a display circuit.

[0059] In this embodiment, the central control chip 11 controls the voltage regulation circuit 12 via the first PWM control signal PWM1 to convert the first low-voltage DC Vin provided by the power supply module 4 into a second low-voltage DC Vin1 to supply the plasma and electroporation module 2. The voltage value of the second low-voltage DC Vin1 is lower than the voltage value of the first input low-voltage DC Vin. The central control chip 11 communicates with the display circuit 14 via a UART signal to display real-time operating mode, operating intensity, and remaining operating time. Specifically, the central control chip 11 is an STM32F103RCT6; the voltage regulation circuit 12 includes the chips LM2596-ADJ and LM358. The LM358 converts the PWM1 signal from the central control chip 11 into an analog DC signal and outputs it to the voltage divider resistor on the FB pin of the LM2596-ADJ to achieve digitally controlled voltage regulation.

[0060] As shown in Figure 3, the input circuit 13 includes resistors R2 to R6 connected in parallel and capacitors C10 to C14 connected in parallel. The input circuit is connected to an external power supply module through an interface to realize signal input.

[0061] As shown in Figure 4, the voltage regulation circuit 12 includes an operational amplifier module and a voltage regulation chip circuit module, which are connected through node IN0. The operational amplifier module includes operational amplifier U2, with external resistors R7 to R14 and capacitors C15 and C16. The voltage regulation chip module includes a voltage regulation chip U3, which is connected to operational amplifier U2 through node Vadj1. The voltage regulation chip U3 has external resistors R15 and R16, capacitors C17 and C18, diode D1, and inductor L1. The voltage regulation circuit can adjust the duty cycle of the output PWM through the voltage regulation chip U3, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the DC signal after filtering. This allows even a central control chip without DAC functionality to make adjustments, thus expanding the applicability of the control module.

[0062] It should be noted that, depending on factors such as drug characteristics, permeation efficiency, and electricity costs, the above control modules can be set to different control modes to control the plasma and electroporation modules and the iontophoresis modules to work independently or simultaneously and collaboratively. However, the specific operation process is not within the scope of this protection and will not be described in detail here.

[0063] As shown in Figure 5, the display circuit 14 is connected to an external display screen through the interface DSP1.

[0064] In another embodiment, as shown in FIG6, the plasma and electroporation module 2 includes:

[0065] The first boost module is used to boost the second low-voltage DC signal for the first time to obtain the first boost signal;

[0066] An energy storage module is used to store the first boost signal;

[0067] The second boost module is used to boost the first boost signal a second time to obtain a symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse signal.

[0068] In this embodiment, the first boost module 21 includes a transistor Q1, resistors R17, R18, R19, R21, a MOSFET Q2, and a transformer T1. The transistor Q1 and resistors R17 to R21 form a MOSFET driving circuit, which, along with the MOSFET Q2 and the first transformer T1, are connected sequentially. The transformer T1 includes first and second output windings. The first output winding is used to boost the second low-voltage DC signal for the first time. The second output winding provides a control signal to prevent excessive voltage. The MOSFET driving circuit performs voltage conversion on the second PWM control signal PWM2 sent by the control module to control the on / off state of the MOSFET Q2, thereby controlling the on / off state of the transformer T1, thus converting the second low-voltage DC Vin1 into a first boost signal Vin2. The voltage of the second low-voltage DC Vin1 is controlled and adjusted by the control module, and the voltage of the first boost signal Vin2 is higher than and varies accordingly, thus achieving an adjustable final output amplitude. Specifically, the MOSFET Q2 is an HSU0115, and the transformer T1 has a turns ratio of 1:8.

[0069] The energy storage module 22 includes a diode D2 and a capacitor C19. The anode of diode D2 is connected to the secondary side of transformer T1, and the cathode of diode D2 is connected to capacitor C19. The first boost signal Vin2 is stored in capacitor C19 via diode D2. Specifically, diode D2 is an RS1M diode, and the capacitance of capacitor C19 is 680nF.

[0070] The second boost module 23 includes resistors R20 and R22, capacitors C20 and C21, thyristors Q3 and Q4, Zener diode ZD1, transformer T2, transformer T3, and diode D3. Resistor R22 and capacitor C21 are connected in parallel to the control module and thyristor Q3, forming the first and second stage boost control loops. The third PWM control signal PWM3 output by the control module controls the on / off state of the first and second stage boost control loops and further controls whether to output a symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse Vhigh1 (a symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse refers to a single output being an oscillating high-voltage pulse, where two signals are simultaneously output to a common ground, and the output voltages are of the same magnitude but opposite polarity; the waveform of this signal is shown in Figure 10), achieving frequency adjustment. To ensure safety, in addition to the first and second stage boost control loops, a second stage boost control loop is also provided. The second-stage boost control circuit includes a resistor R20, a capacitor C20, a thyristor Q4, and a Zener diode ZD1. Resistor R20, capacitor C20, and Zener diode ZD1 are connected in series to form the thyristor Q4 control circuit. This control circuit is connected to the second output winding of transformer T1 to control the on / off state of thyristor Q4. When the first-stage boost control circuit malfunctions and the energy storage module voltage exceeds a certain value, the second-stage boost control circuit activates. Specifically, thyristor Q3 and Q4 are both X0405MF-252, Zener diode ZD1 is ZMM11, diode D3 is M7, and the turns ratio of transformers T2 and T3 is 1:100.

[0071] It should be noted that, compared to existing voltage boosting methods, this embodiment incorporates an energy storage module between the two boosting modules. This ensures that the energy released by the plasma and electroporation modules each time is from the energy storage module, preventing poor discharge due to insufficient energy or harm to the human body due to excessive energy. This guarantees a constant and safe effect when the output symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse is applied to the human body through the electrodes. Furthermore, the single-stage boosting, energy storage, and two-stage boosting approach makes it easier to expand the number of outputs in the two-stage boosting stage. Simply adding the corresponding number of transformers for the two-stage boosting stage eliminates the need for complex steps such as redesigning and verifying transformers, thus facilitating future expansion.

[0072] In another embodiment, the iontophoresis module 3 includes:

[0073] A boost and voltage multiplier module is used to convert a first low-voltage DC signal into a high-voltage DC signal;

[0074] The detection and adjustment module is used to detect and adjust the high-voltage DC signal to obtain a rectangular pulse signal;

[0075] The output module is used to output rectangular pulse signals.

[0076] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, the boost and voltage multiplier module 31 includes a boost chip U4, peripheral circuitry, and a voltage doubler circuit. The peripheral circuitry includes an inductor L2, a capacitor C25, and resistors R23 and R24. The voltage doubler circuit includes capacitors C22 to C24 and diodes D4 to D6, which are connected in series. This module converts the first low-voltage DC Vin1 into a first high-voltage DC Vhigh2 to power the subsequent ion implantation output. Specifically, the boost chip U1 is an XL6008E1.

[0077] As shown in Figure 8, the detection and adjustment module 32 includes a current detection chip U5, with external capacitors C26 to C29 connected to it. Chip U5 is connected to operational amplifier U6 via node GND, and operational amplifier U6 is connected to external resistor R25 and transistor Q5, which is connected to diode D7. The inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U6 is connected to transistors Q6 to Q9 and resistors R26 to R37 via node LM324_IN-. The current detection chip U5 is connected to the control module and is used to convert the first high-voltage DC Vhigh2 into a detection current. Voltage Vadc is used for current detection. Operational amplifier U6, transistors Q5 to Q9, and resistors R25 to R37 form an output current regulation circuit, which is connected to the control module. The control module outputs I / O control signals LM324_R1, LM324_R2, LM324_R3, and LM324_R4 to control the conduction and cutoff of transistors Q6 to Q9 according to the settings. Combined with the "virtual short and virtual open" characteristic of the input terminal of operational amplifier U6—the voltage at the junction LM324_IN- is always VCC_5V—output current regulation is achieved. Specifically, the current detection chip U5 is INA270, and the operational amplifier U6 is LM324.

[0078] As shown in Figure 9, the output module 33 includes transistors Q10 to Q12 and resistors R38 to R42. Transistors Q10 to Q12, along with resistors R38, R39, and R42, form a push-pull circuit, which is then connected to the control module. The control module controls the conduction mode of the push-pull circuit through the control signal LZ_OUT, thereby converting the first high-voltage DC Vhigh2 into a rectangular pulse signal (a rectangular pulse signal is commonly used for iontophoresis, and its permeation-enhancing effect is superior to that of a DC signal; therefore, a rectangular pulse signal is selected in this embodiment. The output rectangular pulse signal here is a square wave with a frequency of 500Hz and a duty cycle of 50%), thus realizing the iontophoresis function. Specifically, the transistors can be MMBT5551 or MMBT5401.

[0079] In another embodiment, this disclosure also provides a transdermal drug delivery method for enhancing penetration, comprising the following steps:

[0080] S100: The power module provides the first low-voltage DC;

[0081] S200: The control module converts the first low-voltage DC provided by the power module into a second low-voltage DC and supplies it to the plasma and electroporation module. Under the control of the control module, the plasma and electroporation module converts the second low-voltage DC into a symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse and introduces it into the human skin through the high-voltage electrode to generate an electroporation effect. At the same time, plasma is generated by the dielectric barrier discharge of air to improve skin permeability and promote drug penetration.

[0082] S300: Under the control of the control module, the iontophoresis module converts the first low-voltage DC power supplied by the power module into a rectangular pulse signal, which is then introduced into the human skin through the low-voltage electrode to form a current loop with the human skin, generating a permeation-promoting current to promote the transdermal penetration of drugs.

[0083] Below, this disclosure uses sodium diclofenac as a tool drug to conduct a penetration-enhancing experiment. Sodium diclofenac's natural penetration into the skin surface serves as the control group, while the penetration-enhancing device described in this disclosure serves as the experimental group. The experimental results are shown in Figure 11. As can be seen from Figure 11, the penetration amount of the plasma and electroporation modules and the iontophoresis module in the device of this disclosure after 20 minutes of individual treatment is 3 to 4 times that of the control group. The penetration amount of the combined modules is 6 to 8 times that of the control group. Therefore, this demonstrates that the device of this disclosure has a good penetration-enhancing effect.

[0084] The foregoing general description of the invention and its specific embodiments should not be construed as a limitation on the technical solution of the invention. Those skilled in the art, based on the disclosure of this application, can add, reduce, or combine the disclosed technical features in the foregoing general description and / or specific embodiments (including examples) without departing from the constituent elements of the invention, to form other technical solutions within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A transdermal drug delivery device for enhancing penetration, comprising: The device body includes a control module, a plasma and electroporation module, an iontophoresis module, and a power supply module. The control module converts a first low-voltage DC signal provided by the power supply module into a second low-voltage DC signal to power the plasma and electroporation module. The plasma and electroporation module converts the second low-voltage DC signal provided by the control module into a symmetrically oscillating high-voltage pulse signal and introduces it to the skin surface through a high-voltage electrode. The iontophoresis module converts the first low-voltage DC signal provided by the power supply module into a rectangular pulse signal and introduces it to the skin surface through a low-voltage electrode, coupling it with the symmetrically oscillating high-voltage pulse signal introduced by the high-voltage electrode to promote drug penetration. Skin absorption; the control module is also used to control the plasma and electroporation module and the ion implantation module to perform the above actions in a time-sharing or simultaneous manner; the plasma and electroporation module includes: a first boost module, used to boost the second low-voltage DC signal for the first time to obtain a first boost signal; an energy storage module, used to store the first boost signal; a second boost module, used to boost the first boost signal for the second time to obtain a symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse signal; the first boost module includes a transistor Q1, resistors R17, R18, R19, R21, a MOSFET Q2 and a transformer T1; wherein, transistor Q1 and resistors R17 to R21 constitute a MOSFET driving circuit, MOSFET The ET drive circuit, MOSFET Q2, and first transformer T1 are connected in sequence. The second boost module includes resistors R20 and R22, capacitors C20 and C21, thyristors Q3 and Q4, Zener diode ZD1, transformer T2, transformer T3, and diode D3. Resistor R22 and capacitor C21 are connected in parallel to the control module and thyristor Q3, forming the first and second stage boost control circuits. For safety, in addition to the first and second stage boost control circuits, a second stage boost control circuit is also provided. The second stage boost control circuit includes resistor R20, capacitor C20, thyristor Q4, and Zener diode ZD1, wherein resistor R20, capacitor C20, and Zener diode ZD1 are connected in series. A thyristor Q4 control circuit is constructed, which is connected to the second output winding of transformer T1 to control the conduction and turn-off of thyristor Q4. When the first and second stage boost control circuit fails and the energy storage module voltage is higher than a certain value, the second and second stage boost control circuit operates. The control module includes a central control chip, which is connected to an input circuit, a voltage regulation circuit, and a display circuit. The input circuit includes resistors R2 to R6 connected in parallel and capacitors C10 to C14 connected in parallel. The input circuit is connected to an external power supply module through an interface to realize signal input. The voltage regulation circuit includes an operational amplifier module and a voltage regulation chip circuit module, which are connected through node IN0.The operational amplifier module includes operational amplifier U2, with external resistors R7 to R14 and capacitors C15 and C16 connected to it. The voltage regulator chip module includes voltage regulator chip U3, which is connected to operational amplifier U2 via node Vadj1. Voltage regulator chip U3 has external resistors R15 and R16, capacitors C17 and C18, diode D1, and inductor L1 connected to it. The central control chip (11) is an STM32F103RCT6. The voltage regulation circuit (12) includes chips LM2596-ADJ and LM358. LM358 converts the PWM1 signal from the central control chip (11) into an analog DC signal and outputs it to LM2596-ADJ. The FB pin of the 96-ADJ uses a voltage divider resistor to achieve digitally controlled voltage adjustment. The symmetrical oscillating high-voltage pulse signal generated by the plasma and electroporation modules is introduced to the skin surface via high-voltage electrodes, creating an electroporation effect that increases skin permeability. Simultaneously, it generates plasma through air barrier discharge, further enhancing skin permeability. The rectangular pulse signal generated by the iontophoresis module forms a current loop with the skin, generating a permeation-enhancing current, thereby improving drug penetration. This combination of plasma, electroporation, and iontophoresis technologies for transdermal drug delivery offers broader drug applicability and achieves better permeation enhancement.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The ion implantation module includes: a boost and voltage multiplier module for converting a first low-voltage DC signal into a high-voltage DC signal; a detection and adjustment module for detecting and adjusting the high-voltage DC signal to obtain a rectangular pulse signal; and an output module for outputting the rectangular pulse signal.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, The boost and voltage multiplier module includes a boost chip U4, peripheral circuitry, and a voltage multiplier circuit.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, The detection and adjustment module includes a current detection chip U5, an operational amplifier U6, transistors Q5 to Q9, resistors R25 to R37, and capacitors C26 to C29. The current detection chip U5 is connected to the control module and is used to convert the first high-voltage DC Vhigh2 into a detection voltage Vadc to realize current detection. The operational amplifier U6, transistors Q5 to Q9, and resistors R25 to R37 form an output current adjustment circuit, which is then connected to the control module.

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