Device and method for preparing metal matrix composite materials by stirring head and rotary friction extrusion

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for preparing metal-based composite materials by a stirring head and rotary friction extrusion, which relates to the field of material forming. The stirring head includes a clamping handle, a connecting portion, a shaft shoulder and a stirring needle connected in sequence, and the stirring needle includes a friction heat generating zone, an extrusion forming zone and a uniform strengthening zone connected in sequence; the device for preparing metal-based composite materials by rotary friction extrusion includes: a stirring cavity; a feed cavity, the feed cavity communicating with the stirring cavity; a forming outlet tube; the above-mentioned stirring head, the stirring head extending into the stirring cavity; a gap adjustment plate, one end of the gap adjustment plate extending into the stirring cavity is used to cooperate with the connecting portion of the stirring head to limit the depth of the stirring head extending into the stirring cavity. Method: (1) punching holes in the base material; (2) adding a reinforcing phase; (3) loading the sheet material; (4) rotating the stirring head; (5) applying pressure at the end; (6) preparing and forming. The present invention improves the stability of the process of preparing metal-based composite materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of material forming, in particular to a device and method for preparing metal-based composite materials by using a stirring head and rotary friction extrusion. Background Art

[0002] Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) are composite materials composed of a metal matrix and its alloys, artificially bonded with one or more metal or non-metal reinforcements. Through rational design and composite processes, they combine the advantages of metal's excellent plasticity, toughness, and processing properties with the high specific strength and stiffness of the reinforcement, along with improved thermal conductivity, wear resistance, and dimensional stability. In recent years, with the rise of advanced technologies, some traditional materials have been unable to meet the specific strength, stiffness, and other performance requirements of various industries. The emergence of MMCs has largely addressed these challenges and promoted their development, finding widespread application in aerospace, automotive, chemical, and transportation sectors.

[0003] Traditional methods for preparing metal matrix composites include stir casting, powder metallurgy, melt infiltration, and in-situ synthesis. In recent years, friction stir processing (FSP), developed from friction stir welding (FSW), has garnered significant attention as a novel material processing and fabrication technology. During FSP, a stirring tip consisting of a pin and a shoulder rotates at high speed, driven by a motor. The pin is inserted into the workpiece. When the shoulder contacts the workpiece surface, intense friction occurs between the pin and the workpiece. Subsequently, the temperature near the friction zone rises rapidly, softening the material. Simultaneously, the stirring action of the pin threads causes significant plastic deformation and flow. Finally, the forging action of the pin shoulder forms a defect-free stir zone. Consequently, the material in the stir zone undergoes intense plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization under the action of the pin, resulting in a fine, uniform, and dense microstructure. FSP-fabricated metal matrix composites offer advantages such as uniform distribution of the reinforcement phase and a fine, dense microstructure. However, the limited size of the pin limits the stirring zone, making it difficult to fabricate full-scale metal matrix composites.

[0004] Patent application number CN201910327969.2 develops a rotary friction extrusion method based on friction stir processing. This method inherits the advantages of friction stir processing while also being able to produce full-size, rod-shaped metal matrix composites. The rotary friction method is complex and has poor controllability in preparing metal matrix composites, making it prone to unstable forming. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a stirring head, a device and a method for preparing metal-based composite materials by rotary friction extrusion, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and improve the stability of the process of preparing metal-based composite materials by rotary friction extrusion.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a stirring head, comprising a clamping handle, a connecting portion, a shoulder, and a stirring needle connected in sequence, wherein the stirring needle comprises a friction heat generating zone, an extrusion forming zone, and a uniform strengthening zone connected in sequence, wherein one end of the friction heat generating zone away from the extrusion forming zone is connected to the shoulder, the shoulder is cylindrical, the friction heat generating zone is truncated cone-shaped, the diameter of the shoulder gradually decreases along the direction from the connecting portion to the stirring needle, the diameter of the friction heat generating zone gradually decreases along the direction from the shoulder to the extrusion forming zone, the extrusion forming zone is cylindrical, the uniform strengthening zone is conical, and the clamping handle, the shoulder, the friction heat generating zone, and the uniform strengthening zone are coaxial;

[0008] A first section of thread is provided on the side of the shoulder, extending from one end of the shoulder to the other end of the shoulder; a second section of thread is provided on the side of the friction heat generating zone, extending from one end of the friction heat generating zone to the other end of the friction heat generating zone; a third section of thread is provided on the side of the extrusion forming zone, extending from one end of the extrusion forming zone to the other end of the extrusion forming zone; and a fourth section of thread is provided on the side of the uniformly strengthened zone, extending from one end of the uniformly strengthened zone to the other end of the uniformly strengthened zone.

[0009] Preferably, the clamping handle, the connecting portion, the shaft shoulder and the stirring pin are integrally formed.

[0010] Preferably, the minimum diameter of the shoulder is greater than the maximum diameter of the friction heat generating zone, the minimum diameter of the friction heat generating zone is equal to the diameter of the extrusion forming zone; the diameter of the extrusion forming zone is greater than the maximum diameter of the uniform strengthening zone.

[0011] The present invention also provides a device for preparing a metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion, comprising:

[0012] Stirring cavity;

[0013] A feeding cavity, the feeding cavity being in communication with the stirring cavity, and the feeding cavity being used to introduce the matrix and the reinforcing phase of the metal matrix composite material into the stirring cavity;

[0014] a forming outlet barrel, through which the material in the stirring cavity is extruded;

[0015] The above-mentioned stirring head extends into the stirring cavity and can rotate under the drive of the driving mechanism, the stirring head, the forming outlet tube and the stirring head are coaxial, and the stirring needle of the stirring head faces the forming outlet tube;

[0016] A gap adjustment plate is arranged in the feed cavity and one end of the gap adjustment plate extends into the stirring cavity. The end of the gap adjustment plate extending into the stirring cavity is used to cooperate with the connecting part of the stirring head to limit the depth of the stirring head extending into the stirring cavity.

[0017] Preferably, it also includes a cylindrical forming guide block, which is arranged in the stirring cavity, and one end of the forming guide block abuts against one end of the forming outlet tube close to the stirring needle, the forming guide block is coaxial with the forming outlet tube, and there is a gap between the other end of the forming guide block and the stirring needle.

[0018] Preferably, it also includes an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate and a forming cylinder; the lower cover plate is sleeved on the top end of the forming cylinder, and the lower cover plate, the top end of the forming cylinder and the upper cover plate form the feeding cavity; the hollow portion of the forming cylinder is the stirring cavity; a through hole for the stirring head to pass through is provided in the center of the upper cover plate, and a temperature measuring hole communicating with the feeding cavity is also provided on the upper cover plate.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a metal-based composite material by rotary friction extrusion. The method is based on the above-mentioned device for preparing a metal-based composite material by rotary friction extrusion, and comprises the following steps:

[0020] (1) Base material punching: a plurality of holes are provided on the bulk metal substrate, and the holes are used to fill the reinforcing phase for preparing the metal matrix composite material;

[0021] (2) Adding a reinforcing phase: Filling all the holes with the reinforcing phase;

[0022] (3) Loading the sheet material: loading the bulk metal substrate with the reinforcement phase into the feed cavity of the device for preparing the metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion;

[0023] (4) driving a stirring head in a device for preparing a metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion to rotate by a driving mechanism;

[0024] (5) applying pressure to the end of the bulk metal substrate loaded into the feed chamber to move the bulk metal substrate toward the stirring head;

[0025] (6) The bulk metal substrate and the reinforcing phase in contact with the stirring head are rotated, frictionally extruded and formed into a metal matrix composite material under the action of the stirring head, and finally extruded through a forming outlet tube.

[0026] Preferably, the depth of the stirring head extending into the stirring cavity is adjusted by setting gap adjustment plates of different thicknesses, thereby adjusting the size of the gap between the stirring head and the inner wall of the stirring cavity; the top surface of the gap adjustment plate is in contact with the top surface of the feed cavity.

[0027] Preferably, the gap between the stirring head and the forming guide block and the diameter of the metal matrix composite material finally extruded are adjusted by arranging forming guide blocks of different heights.

[0028] Preferably, the reinforcing phase is one or at least two of carbon nanotubes, graphene, silicon carbide and titanium carbide.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0030] The stirring head, the device and the method for preparing metal-based composite materials by rotary friction extrusion of the present invention improve the stability of the process of preparing metal-based composite materials by rotary friction extrusion.

[0031] The first section of the thread in the stirring head of the present invention constrains the next gradient thread groove by enlarging the overall size, and cooperates with the forming cavity and the overall mold to limit the flash or overflow of the material during the processing, thereby preventing flash.

[0032] The second section of the thread in the stirring head of the present invention is mainly used to cooperate with the rotating friction material to generate heat, soften the processed material and mix the composite material, thereby improving the uniformity and density of the material structure.

[0033] The extrusion forming zone in the mixing head of the present invention cooperates with the forming guide block to control the diameter of the extruded material. The softened material, under the action of force, passes through the extrusion forming zone and the forming guide block, where it cools and hardens into shape. The diameter of the extruded material can be controlled by replacing the forming guide block with a different inner diameter.

[0034] The uniform reinforcement zone in the stirring head of the present invention is used to enhance the uniformity of the prepared metal-based composite material.

[0035] In the device and method for preparing metal-based composite materials by rotary friction extrusion of the present invention, the gap between the stirring head and the stirring cavity can be adjusted by replacing different gap adjustment plates, which is beneficial to the stability of the process of preparing metal-based composite materials by rotary friction extrusion; by setting forming guide blocks of different heights, the gap between the stirring head and the forming guide block and the diameter of the metal-based composite material finally extruded can be adjusted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the stirring head of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for preparing a metal-based composite material by rotary friction extrusion according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 A flow chart of the method for preparing a metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion according to the present invention;

[0040] Among them, 1. stirring head; 110. clamping handle; 120. connecting part; 130. shaft shoulder; 140. stirring needle; 141. friction heat generation area; 142. extrusion forming area; 143. uniform strengthening area; 2. upper cover plate; 3. gap adjustment plate; 4. reinforcement phase; 5. block metal substrate; 6. forming outlet tube; 7. forming guide block; 8. forming cylinder; 9. lower cover plate; 10. temperature measuring hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The present invention aims to provide a stirring head, an apparatus, and a method for preparing metal-based composite materials by rotary friction extrusion, to address the aforementioned problems of the prior art and improve the stability of the process. To further clarify the aforementioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0043] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a stirring head 1, comprising a clamping handle 110, a connecting portion 120, a shoulder 130 and a stirring needle 140 connected in sequence, the stirring needle 140 comprising a friction heat generating zone 141, an extrusion forming zone 142 and a uniform strengthening zone 143 connected in sequence, the friction heat generating zone 141 is connected to the shoulder 130 at one end away from the extrusion forming zone 142, the shoulder 130 is cylindrical, the friction heat generating zone 141 is truncated cone-shaped, the diameter of the shoulder 130 gradually decreases in the direction from the connecting portion 120 to the stirring needle 140; the diameter of the friction heat generating zone 141 gradually decreases in the direction from the shoulder 130 to the extrusion forming zone 142; the extrusion forming zone 142 is cylindrical, the uniform strengthening zone 143 is conical, the clamping handle 110, the shoulder 130, the friction heat generating zone 141 and the uniform strengthening zone 143 are coaxial;

[0044] A first section of thread is provided on the side of the shoulder 130, extending from one end of the shoulder 130 to the other end of the shoulder 130. The width of the first section of thread is 5-10 mm and the depth is 1-3 mm. The first section of thread constrains the next gradient thread groove by enlarging the overall size, and cooperates with the molding cavity and the overall mold to limit the flash or overflow of the material during the processing, thereby preventing flash.

[0045] A second section of thread is provided on the side of the friction heat generating zone 141, extending from one end of the friction heat generating zone 141 to the other end of the friction heat generating zone 141. The width of the second section of thread is 5-10 mm and the depth is 1-3 mm. The second section of thread is mainly used to cooperate with the rotating friction material to generate heat, soften the processed material and mix the composite material, thereby improving the uniformity and density of the material structure.

[0046] The side of the extrusion forming area 142 is provided with a third section of thread extending from one end of the extrusion forming area to the other end of the extrusion forming area; the width of the third section of thread is 5-10mm and the depth is 1-3mm. The third section of thread is used to cooperate with the forming guide block 7 to control the diameter of the extruded material.

[0047] The side of the uniform strengthening zone 143 is provided with a fourth section of thread extending from one end of the uniform strengthening zone 143 to the other end of the uniform strengthening zone 143. The width of the fourth section of thread is 5-10 mm and the depth is 1-3 mm. The fourth section of thread of the uniform strengthening zone 143 is used to enhance the uniformity of the prepared metal-based composite material.

[0048] The clamping handle 110 , the connecting portion 120 , the shaft shoulder 130 and the stirring pin 140 are integrally formed.

[0049] The minimum diameter of the shoulder 130 is greater than the maximum diameter of the friction heat generating zone 141 . The minimum diameter of the friction heat generating zone 141 is equal to the diameter of the extrusion forming zone 142 . The diameter of the extrusion forming zone 142 is greater than the maximum diameter of the uniform strengthening zone 143 .

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment also provides a device for preparing a metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion, comprising:

[0051] Stirring cavity;

[0052] A feeding cavity, the feeding cavity is communicated with the stirring cavity, and the feeding cavity is used to introduce the matrix and the reinforcement phase 4 of the metal matrix composite material into the stirring cavity;

[0053] The material in the stirring cavity is extruded from the forming outlet tube 6;

[0054] The stirring head 1 is inserted into the stirring cavity and can rotate under the drive of the driving mechanism. The stirring head 1, the forming outlet tube 6 and the stirring head 1 are coaxial, and the stirring needle 140 of the stirring head 1 faces the forming outlet tube 6.

[0055] The gap adjustment plate 3 is disposed in the feed chamber and has one end extending into the mixing chamber. The end of the gap adjustment plate 3 extending into the mixing chamber cooperates with the connection portion 120 of the mixing head 1 to limit the depth of the mixing head 1 extending into the mixing chamber. The bottom surface of the connection portion 120 of the mixing head 1 can mate with the top surface of the end of the gap adjustment plate 3 extending into the mixing chamber, thereby preventing the mixing head 1 from further extending into the mixing chamber, thereby enabling the gap adjustment plate 3 to function as a limiter.

[0056] The top surface of the gap adjustment plate 3 is in contact with the top surface of the feed cavity. By replacing different gap adjustment plates 3, the gap between the stirring head 1 and the stirring cavity can be adjusted, which is beneficial to the stability of the process of preparing metal-based composite materials by rotary friction extrusion.

[0057] The apparatus for preparing a metal-based composite material by rotary friction extrusion in this embodiment further includes a cylindrical forming guide block 7, which is disposed in the stirring cavity. One end of the forming guide block 7 abuts against the end of the forming outlet barrel 6 proximal to the stirring pin 140. The forming guide block 7 and the forming outlet barrel 6 are coaxial, and a gap is provided between the other end of the forming guide block 7 and the stirring pin 140. By providing forming guide blocks 7 of varying heights, the gap between the stirring head 1 and the forming guide block 7, as well as the diameter of the ultimately extruded metal-based composite material, can be adjusted.

[0058] In this embodiment, it also includes an upper cover plate 2, a lower cover plate 9 and a forming cylinder 8; the lower cover plate 9 is sleeved on the top end of the forming cylinder 8, and the lower cover plate 9, the top end of the forming cylinder 8 and the upper cover plate 2 form a feeding cavity; the hollow part of the forming cylinder 8 is a stirring cavity; a through hole for the stirring head 1 to pass through is provided in the center of the upper cover plate 2, and a temperature measuring hole 10 communicating with the feeding cavity is also provided on the upper cover plate 2.

[0059] like Figure 3As shown, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion. The method is based on the above-mentioned device for preparing a metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion, comprising the following steps:

[0060] (1) Base material punching: a plurality of holes are provided on the bulk metal substrate 5, and the holes are used to fill the reinforcing phase 4 for preparing the metal matrix composite material;

[0061] (2) Adding reinforcing phase 4: Filling reinforcing phase 4 into all the material holes;

[0062] (3) Loading the sheet material: loading the bulk metal substrate 5 with the reinforcement phase 4 into the feed cavity of the device for preparing the metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion;

[0063] (4) driving a stirring head 1 in a device for preparing a metal-based composite material by rotary friction extrusion to rotate by a driving mechanism;

[0064] (5) applying pressure to the end of the bulk metal substrate 5 loaded into the feed chamber to move the bulk metal substrate 5 toward the stirring head 1;

[0065] (6) The bulk metal substrate 5 and the reinforcement phase 4 in contact with the stirring head 1 are rotated, frictionally extruded and formed into a metal matrix composite material under the action of the stirring head 1, and finally extruded through the forming outlet tube 6.

[0066] The depth of the stirring head 1 inserted into the stirring cavity is adjusted by setting gap adjustment plates 3 of different thicknesses, thereby adjusting the gap size between the stirring head 1 and the inner wall of the stirring cavity; the top surface of the gap adjustment plate 3 is in contact with the top surface of the feed cavity.

[0067] By arranging the forming guide blocks 7 at different heights, the gap between the stirring head 1 and the forming guide block 7 and the diameter of the finally extruded metal matrix composite material can be adjusted.

[0068] The reinforcement phase 4 is one or at least two of carbon nanotubes, graphene, silicon carbide and titanium carbide.

[0069] Specific implementation case 1:

[0070] (1) Design and selection of integrated multifunctional stirring head 1:

[0071] The diameter of the clamping handle 110 of the stirring head 1 is 20mm and the length is 40mm. The first thread section is left-handed with a pitch of 1.5mm and a thread height of 2mm. The second thread section is left-handed with a pitch of 1mm and a thread height of 1.5mm. The third thread section is left-handed with a pitch of 1mm and a thread height of 1mm. The fourth thread section is left-handed with a pitch of 0.5mm and a thread height of 0.5mm.

[0072] (2) Design and selection of gap-adjustable stirring cavity:

[0073] The thickness of the gap adjustment plate 3 is 0.5 mm, and the height of the forming guide block 7 is 10 mm.

[0074] (3) Preparation of composite materials by rotary friction extrusion:

[0075] Step 1: Punch the base material. A hole with a diameter of 5mm and a depth of 9.5mm is drilled on a block 1060Al substrate with a size of 10×5×150mm. Step 2: Add the reinforcement phase 4. Fill the hole on the block substrate with the carbon nanotube reinforcement phase 4. Step 3: Fill the sheet material. Load the block metal substrate 5 sheet material with the carbon nanotube reinforcement phase 4 into the rotary friction extrusion preparation cavity. Step 4: Rotate the stirring head 1. Turn on the motor and rotate the stirring head 1 at a speed of 300r / min. Step 5: Apply pressure at both ends. Use the pressure system to apply a certain pressure at both ends of the rotary friction extrusion preparation cavity of the metal matrix composite material, so that the sheet material moves toward the central stirring head 1 at a speed of 10mm / min. Step 6: Prepare and form. Finally, under the action of the forming guide block 7 with a height of 10mm, a carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with a diameter of 5mm is prepared.

[0076] Specific implementation case 2:

[0077] (1) Design and selection of integrated multifunctional stirring head 1:

[0078] The clamping handle 110 of the stirring head 1 has a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 45 mm. The first thread section is left-handed, with a pitch of 2 mm and a thread height of 1.5 mm. The second thread section is left-handed, with a pitch of 1.5 mm and a thread height of 1.5 mm. The third thread section is left-handed, with a pitch of 1 mm and a thread height of 1.5 mm. The fourth thread section is left-handed, with a pitch of 1 mm and a thread height of 0.5 mm.

[0079] (2) Design and selection of gap-adjustable stirring cavity:

[0080] The thickness of the gap adjustment plate 3 is 0.8 mm, and the height of the forming guide block 7 is 8 mm.

[0081] (3) Preparation of composite materials by rotary friction extrusion:

[0082] Step 1: Punch the base material. A hole with a diameter of 4mm and a depth of 9.5mm is punched on a block of pure copper substrate measuring 10×5×150mm. Step 2: Add the reinforcement phase 4. Fill the hole on the block substrate with the graphene reinforcement phase 4. Step 3: Fill the sheet material. Load the block metal substrate 5 sheet material with the graphene reinforcement phase 4 into the rotary friction extrusion preparation cavity. Step 4: Rotate the stirring head 1. Turn on the motor and rotate the stirring head 1 at a speed of 400r / min. Step 5: Apply pressure at both ends. Apply a certain pressure to both ends of the rotary friction extrusion preparation cavity of the metal matrix composite material through the pressure system, so that the sheet material moves toward the central stirring head 1 at a speed of 5mm / min. Step 6: Prepare and form. Finally, under the action of the forming guide block 7 with a height of 8mm, a graphene-reinforced copper-based composite material with a diameter of 6mm is prepared.

[0083] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preparing metal matrix composite materials by rotary friction extrusion, characterized in that: include: Stirring cavity; A feeding cavity, the feeding cavity being in communication with the stirring cavity, and the feeding cavity being used to introduce the matrix and the reinforcing phase of the metal matrix composite material into the stirring cavity; a forming outlet barrel, through which the material in the stirring cavity is extruded; A stirring head, wherein the stirring head comprises a clamping handle, a connecting portion, a shoulder and a stirring needle connected in sequence, the stirring needle comprises a friction heat generating zone, an extrusion forming zone and a uniform strengthening zone connected in sequence, the friction heat generating zone is connected to the shoulder at one end away from the extrusion forming zone, the shoulder is cylindrical, the friction heat generating zone is truncated, the diameter of the shoulder gradually decreases along the direction from the connecting portion to the stirring needle; the diameter of the friction heat generating zone gradually decreases along the direction from the shoulder to the extrusion forming zone; the extrusion forming zone is cylindrical, the uniform strengthening zone is conical, the clamping handle, the shoulder, the friction heat generating zone and the uniform strengthening zone are coaxial; a side of the shoulder is provided with There is a first section of thread extending from one end of the shaft shoulder to the other end of the shaft shoulder; a second section of thread extending from one end of the friction heat generating zone to the other end of the friction heat generating zone is provided on the side of the friction heat generating zone; a third section of thread extending from one end of the extrusion forming zone to the other end of the extrusion forming zone is provided on the side of the extrusion forming zone; a fourth section of thread extending from one end of the uniform strengthening zone to the other end of the uniform strengthening zone is provided on the side of the uniform strengthening zone; the stirring head extends into the stirring cavity and can rotate under the drive of the driving mechanism, the stirring head, the forming outlet tube and the stirring head are coaxial, and the stirring needle of the stirring head faces the forming outlet tube; a gap adjustment plate, the gap adjustment plate being arranged in the feed cavity and having one end extending into the stirring cavity, the end of the gap adjustment plate extending into the stirring cavity being used to cooperate with the connecting portion of the stirring head to limit the depth of the stirring head extending into the stirring cavity; The depth of the stirring head inserted into the stirring cavity is adjusted by providing gap adjustment plates of different thicknesses, thereby adjusting the gap size between the stirring head and the inner wall of the stirring cavity; A cylindrical forming guide block is arranged in the stirring cavity, and one end of the forming guide block abuts against one end of the forming outlet tube close to the stirring needle. The forming guide block is coaxial with the forming outlet tube, and there is a gap between the other end of the forming guide block and the stirring needle; by setting forming guide blocks of different heights, the gap between the stirring head and the forming guide block and the diameter of the metal-based composite material finally extruded can be adjusted; the forming guide block has an extrusion channel.

2. The device for preparing metal matrix composite materials by rotary friction extrusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate and a forming cylinder; the lower cover plate is sleeved on the top end of the forming cylinder, and the lower cover plate, the top end of the forming cylinder and the upper cover plate form the feeding cavity; the hollow portion of the forming cylinder is the stirring cavity; a through hole for the stirring head to pass through is provided in the center of the upper cover plate, and a temperature measuring hole communicating with the feeding cavity is also provided on the upper cover plate.

3. The device for preparing metal matrix composite materials by rotary friction extrusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping handle, the connecting portion, the shaft shoulder and the stirring pin are integrally formed.

4. The device for preparing metal matrix composite materials by rotary friction extrusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The minimum diameter of the shoulder is greater than the maximum diameter of the friction heat generating zone, and the minimum diameter of the friction heat generating zone is equal to the diameter of the extrusion forming zone; the diameter of the extrusion forming zone is greater than the maximum diameter of the uniform strengthening zone.

5. A method for preparing a metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion, characterized in that: The device for preparing a metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion according to any one of claims 1 to 2 comprises the following steps: (1) Base material punching: a plurality of holes are provided on the bulk metal substrate, and the holes are used to fill the reinforcing phase for preparing the metal matrix composite material; (2) Adding a reinforcing phase: Filling all the feeding holes with the reinforcing phase; (3) Loading the sheet material: loading the bulk metal substrate with the reinforcement phase into the feed cavity of the device for preparing the metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion; (4) driving a stirring head in a device for preparing a metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion to rotate by a driving mechanism; (5) applying pressure to the end of the bulk metal substrate loaded into the feed chamber to move the bulk metal substrate toward the stirring head; (6) The bulk metal substrate and the reinforcing phase in contact with the stirring head are rotated, frictionally extruded and formed into a metal matrix composite material under the action of the stirring head, and finally extruded through a forming outlet cylinder.

6. The method for preparing a metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top surface of the gap adjustment plate is in contact with the top surface of the feed cavity.

7. The method for preparing a metal matrix composite material by rotary friction extrusion according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reinforcing phase is one or at least two of carbon nanotubes, graphene, silicon carbide and titanium carbide.

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