An ecological planting method and equipment for planting Poria cocos under an artificial deciduous forest

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ecological planting method and equipment for planting Poria cocos under artificial deciduous forests, including the following steps: S1. Select a forest farm where the soil of the forest farm has a pH lower than 6.0, sandy yellow loam or red loam; the slope is between 10-40 degrees; the fruit tree varieties are deciduous varieties such as walnut, plum, pear, cherry, jujube, etc.; make ridges along the horizontal line, the ridge width is more than 3m, the tree row spacing is more than 3m, the ridge ditch depth is more than 30cm, the tree planting is 50-100cm away from the ridge ditch, and leave more than 250cm of ridge space on one side for transplanting Poria cocos, and dig cellars along the horizontal line to plant Poria cocos. S2. Dig Poria cocos cellars 2 and drainage ditches 1, the cellars and drainage ditches 1 are arranged at intervals, and the bottom of the Poria cocos cellars should be more than 10cm higher than the drainage ditches. This application can automatically complete the inoculation of Poria cocos strains, reduce the degree of manual labor, and does not require the use of additional film covering, thus improving the inoculation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Poria cocos cultivation, and more specifically, to an ecological cultivation method and equipment for cultivating Poria cocos under an artificial deciduous forest. Background Art

[0002] Poria cocos, a fungus belonging to the genus Wolfiporia in the order Polyporales, is also known as Yuling, Fuling, Wanlinggui, and Futu. It is the dried sclerotium of the fungus Wolfiporia cocos in the family Fomitopsidaceae, often parasitic on the roots of pine trees, shaped like sweet potatoes, spherical, with a light brown or blackish-brown outer skin and pink or white inside. After refining, it is called Baifuling or Yunling. Poria cocos is mainly produced in Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places. It has the effects of promoting diuresis, strengthening the spleen and stomach, and calming the mind.

[0003] In view of the problems that the existing Poria cocos cultivation inoculation is prone to rot of the strains, attracting ants, poor quality and low yield, by manually opening earthen kilns and then piling the material cylinders into a cone shape and manually covering them with a film and covering them with soil, the problems of easy rot of the strains, attracting ants, poor quality and low yield can be overcome. However, since this cultivation inoculation method is all manually operated, it is very time-consuming and laborious. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological cultivation method for cultivating Poria cocos under an artificial deciduous forest to overcome the problems of easy rot of the strains, attracting ants, poor quality and low yield, including the following steps:

[0005] S1. Select a forest farm. The soil of the forest farm has a pH lower than 6.0, sandy yellow loam or red loam; the slope is between 10 - 40 degrees; make ridges along the horizontal line, the ridge width is more than 3m, the tree row spacing is more than 3m, the ridge ditch depth is more than 30cm, the tree planting is 50 - 100cm away from the ridge ditch, leaving more than 250cm of ridge space on one side for transplanting Poria cocos, and dig cellars along the horizontal line to plant Poria cocos;

[0006] S2. Dig Poria cocos cellars (2) and drainage ditches (1), the cellars and drainage ditches (1) are arranged at intervals, and the bottom of the Poria cocos cellar should be more than 10cm higher than the drainage ditch;

[0007] S3. Cultivation, put conical pinewood sections (5) into the Poria cocos cellars (2), make fish-scale cuts on 2 - 3 sides of the section wood, stack the pinewood sections (5) into a cone shape through an automated machine, closely place the strain blocks at the fish-scale cut parts of the section wood, pine branches and pine sawdust can be placed between the section woods, and then wrap both ends with moistened soil (4), the soil (4) is vertically and evenly provided with strains (3), and the open end of the strain (3) is closely attached to the end of the pine section; the amount of strain put is determined according to the weight of the fungus material in each cellar and the vitality of the strain, and 2 - 3 packs of strains are put for every 10kg of fungus material;

[0008] S4. Management content of the tuckahoe field: Organic and inorganic fertilizers cannot be applied on the side where tuckahoe is planted on the ridge surface. Fertilizers should be applied on the side where tuckahoe is not planted. Drain the ditch in time during the rainy season to prevent water from entering the tuckahoe cellar. Herbicides cannot be used on the ridge surface. When the grass grows to 30 cm, use a lawn mower to cut the grass along the ridge surface. Set up 1 termite trapping pit for every 5 mu, and place pine sawdust, pine branches, cooked tea seed cake, etc. in the pit. Strengthen the inspection of the tuckahoe field during the tuckahoe growth period. When cracks appear on the surface of the tuckahoe cellar, cover the cracks with soil in time.

[0009] Optionally, the trees described in S1 are fruit trees, and the fruit tree varieties are one or more of deciduous varieties such as walnut, plum, pear, cherry, jujube, etc.

[0010] Optionally, the trees described in S1 are one or more of Koelreuteria bipinnata, Sapium sebiferum, Acer buergerianum, Sapindus mukorossi, Salix babylonica, Ginkgo biloba, Sophora japonica, Pterocarya stenoptera, Magnolia liliflora, Acer palmatum, Lagerstroemia indica.

[0011] Optionally, in S2, it is necessary to remove the sundries on the surface of the tuckahoe field, make ridges, and then dig out multiple rows of tuckahoe cellars (2). Each row of tuckahoe cellars (2) includes at least two tuckahoe cellar (2) units; a drainage ditch (1) extending along the horizontal line direction and consistent with the extension direction of the tuckahoe cellar (2) is dug between two adjacent rows of the tuckahoe cellars (2).

[0012] Optionally, in S3, 2-4 strips of bark are removed from the pinewood section along the length direction of the section wood according to the diameter thickness of the section wood, and the bark in the middle of each strip is retained.

[0013] Optionally, the automatic machine includes a turning mechanism for turning and peeling the two ends of the pinewood section, a bundling mechanism for bundling the pinewood section, and an inoculation mechanism for inoculating the bundled pinewood section in a conical shape. The inoculation mechanism includes a trolley main body. A front shovel for positioning the pinewood section is fixed at the front end of the trolley main body. A left mold cavity and a cutting line reciprocatingly moving along the cross-section direction of the left mold cavity are fixed at one end of the front shovel. A right mold cavity that can be lifted and reciprocatingly move towards the left mold cavity is fixed at the other end of the front shovel. A feeding mechanism for feeding the strains is installed at the upper end of the front shovel.

[0014] Optionally, the left mold cavity and the right mold cavity have the same structure, and both include a triangular outer frame and a push plate located inside the triangular outer frame. Strain limiting cylinders distributed in a triangular shape are fixed on the push plate, and the other end of the push plate is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the air cylinder.

[0015] Optionally, the feeding mechanism includes a material channel connected to a vibrating hopper. The end of the material channel communicates with a positioning cover. A distributing plate is rotatably connected to the central part of the positioning cover. The distributing plate is provided with cloth troughs distributed in a triangular shape. A counterweight is further provided at the edge of the distributing plate, and the counterweight is located at the center of any two of the cloth troughs. The distributing plate is rotatably connected to the positioning cover through a rotating shaft. The other end of the rotating shaft passes through the positioning cover and is fixedly connected to a first pulley. The first pulley is connected to a second pulley through a belt. The second pulley is coaxially connected with a gear, and the gear meshes with the ratchet teeth of a ratchet rod.

[0016] Optionally, a ratchet rod is further fixed on the frame of the right mold cavity. The ratchet rod is provided with ratchet teeth that can be stressed upward and will retract when stressed downward. The rotating shaft of the distributing plate is rotatably connected to the positioning cover through a bearing. The end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the gear through a transmission component. When the ratchet rod rises, the ratchet teeth on the ratchet rod can drive the gear to rotate at least one circle. When the ratchet rod descends, it will not drive the gear to rotate.

[0017] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By rotating the distributing plate to complete the cloth distribution of the strains, the strains after cloth distribution are adapted to the strain limiting cylinder. When the right mold cavity moves towards the cloth distribution plate, the strains can be inserted into the strain limiting cylinder, so as to automatically load the strains into the right mold cavity.

[0018] By aligning the front shovel with the pinewood section, shoveling up a pinewood section with the front shovel, pushing and aligning it through the positioning member on the front shovel, and then driving the right mold cavity to move left again. The left mold cavity and the right mold cavity are aligned with both ends of the pinewood section. Drive the push plate to push out the soil and strains in the left and right mold cavities. When pushing out, a triangular cover will be formed to cover both ends of the pinewood section, and the strains will be perfectly attached to the pinewood section, eliminating the need for using a film. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 is the overall structure diagram of the embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 is the structure of the pinewood section of the embodiment;

[0021] Figure 3 is the structure of the inoculation mechanism of the embodiment;

[0022] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the enlarged structure of the distributing plate in the middle.

[0023] In the figure, 1 is a drainage ditch; 2 is a tuckahoe cellar; 3 is spawn; 4 is soil; 5 is a pinewood section; 6 is a left mold cavity; 7 is an extrusion pipe; 8 is a U-shaped frame; 9 is a steel wire; 10 is a front shovel; 11 is a push shovel; 12 is a right mold cavity; 13 is a ratchet rod; 14 is a gear; 15 is a transmission component; 16 is a positioning cover; 17 is a push plate; 18 is a spawn limiting cylinder; 19 is a material distribution plate; 20 is a counterweight. Detailed implementation mode

[0024] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Embodiment: As Figure 1 shown, an ecological planting method and equipment for planting tuckahoe under an artificial deciduous forest includes the following steps: S1. Select a forest farm. The soil of the forest farm has a pH lower than 6.0, sandy yellow loam or red loam; the slope is between 10 - 40 degrees; the fruit tree varieties are one or more of deciduous fruit tree varieties such as walnut, plum, pear, cherry, jujube, etc., or one or more of deciduous varieties such as Koelreuteria bipinnata, Chinese tallow, Acer buergerianum, Sapindus mukorossi, Salix babylonica, Ginkgo biloba, Sophora japonica, Chinese wingnut, Magnolia liliflora, Acer palmatum, Lagerstroemia indica, etc.; make ridges along the horizontal line, the ridge width is more than 3m, the tree row spacing is more than 3m, the ridge ditch depth is more than 30cm, the tree planting is 50 - 100cm away from the ridge ditch, leaving more than 250cm of ridge space on one side for transplanting tuckahoe, and dig cellars along the horizontal line to plant tuckahoe; S2. Dig tuckahoe cellars 2 and drainage ditches 1. The cellars and drainage ditches 1 are arranged at intervals. The bottom of the tuckahoe cellar should be more than 10cm higher than the drainage ditch. Remove the sundries on the surface of the tuckahoe field, make ridges, and then dig multiple rows of tuckahoe cellars 2. Each row of tuckahoe cellars 2 includes at least two tuckahoe cellar units; dig a drainage ditch 1 along the horizontal line extension direction consistent with the extension direction of the tuckahoe cellar 2 between adjacent two rows of the tuckahoe cellars 2;

[0026] As Figure 2 shown, S3. Cultivation: Put conical pinewood sections 5 into the tuckahoe cellar 2. Make fish-scale cuts on 2 - 3 sides of the section wood. Stack the pinewood sections 5 in a conical shape through an automated machine. The fish-scale cut parts of the section wood are closely attached to the spawn blocks. Pine branches and pine sawdust can be placed between the section woods, and then both ends are covered with moistened soil 4. The soil 4 is evenly and vertically provided with spawn 3, and the open end of the spawn 3 is closely attached to the end of the pine tree section; the amount of spawn put in is determined according to the weight of the fungus material in each cellar and the vitality of the spawn. For every 10kg of fungus material, 2 - 3 packs of spawn are put in. The pine tree sections are peeled off 2 - 4 strips of bark along the length direction of the section wood according to the diameter thickness of the section wood, and the bark in the middle of each strip is retained. S4. Tuckahoe field management content: Organic and inorganic fertilizers cannot be applied on the tuckahoe planting side of the ridge surface. The fertilizers are applied on the side where tuckahoe is not planted; drain the ditch in time during the rainy season to prevent water from entering the tuckahoe cellar; herbicides cannot be used on the ridge surface. When the grass grows to 30cm, use a lawn mower to cut the grass level with the ridge surface; set up 1 termite trapping pit for every 5 mu, and put pine sawdust, pine branches, cooked tea seed cake, etc. in the pit; strengthen the inspection of the tuckahoe field during the tuckahoe growing period. When cracks appear on the surface of the tuckahoe cellar, cover the cracks with soil in time.

[0027] As shown Figure 3 in the figure, the automatic machine includes a turning mechanism for turning and peeling the two ends of the pine wood segment 5, a bundling mechanism for bundling the pine wood segment 5, and an inoculation mechanism for inoculating the bundled pine wood segment 5 in a conical shape. The inoculation mechanism includes a trolley body. A front shovel 10 for positioning the pine wood segment 5 is fixed at the front end of the trolley body. A positioning member for positioning the pine wood segment 5 is provided on the front shovel 10. The positioning member includes a triangular push shovel 11 adapted to the left mold cavity 6 and the right mold cavity 12. The triangular push shovel 11 reciprocates and extends through a cylinder. One end of the front shovel 10 is fixed with a left mold cavity 6 and a cutting wire that reciprocates in the cross-sectional direction of the left mold cavity 6. The cutting wire includes a U-shaped frame 8. A steel wire 9 is tensioned at the front end of the U-shaped frame 8. The rear part of the U-shaped frame 8 reciprocates and extends through a cylinder. The other end of the front shovel 10 is fixed with a right mold cavity 12 that can be lifted and reciprocates towards the left mold cavity 6. A feeding mechanism for feeding the strain 3 is installed at the upper end of the front shovel 10.

[0028] The left mold cavity 6 and the right mold cavity 12 have the same structure, both including a triangular outer frame and a push plate 17 located inside the triangular outer frame. A strain limiting cylinder 18 distributed in a triangular shape is fixed on the push plate 17. A plurality of strip-shaped through grooves are provided on the strain limiting cylinder 18 along the length direction of the cylinder body. The other end of the push plate 17 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the cylinder. After the strain 3 is placed in the strain limiting cylinder 18, the left mold cavity 6 and the right mold cavity 12 are enclosed. Stirred soil 4 is squeezed into the enclosed left mold cavity 6 and right mold cavity 12. The soil 4 can contact the strain 3 through the strip-shaped through grooves, so that the strain 3 is tightly combined with the soil block. When the soil 4 covers both ends of the pine wood segment 5, the strain 3 can be firmly attached to the pine wood segment 5.

[0029] The feeding mechanism includes a material channel connected to a vibrating hopper. The end of the material channel communicates with a positioning cover 16. A distributing plate 19 is rotatably connected to the center of the positioning cover 16. The distributing plate 19 is provided with cloth grooves distributed in a triangular shape. A counterweight 20 is further provided on the edge of the distributing plate 19. The counterweight 20 is located at the center of any two cloth grooves. By rotating the distributing plate 19, the strain 3 is distributed, so that the distributed strain 3 is adapted to the strain limiting cylinder 18. When the right mold cavity 12 moves towards the cloth plate, the strain 3 can be inserted into the strain limiting cylinder 18, so as to automatically feed the strain 3 into the right mold cavity 12.

[0030] On the frame of the right mold cavity 12, a ratchet bar 13 is also fixed. The rotating shaft of the material distribution plate 19 is rotatably connected to the positioning cover 16 through a bearing. The end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a gear 14 through a transmission assembly 15. When the ratchet bar 13 rises, the ratchet on the ratchet bar 13 can drive the gear 14 to rotate at least one circle. When the ratchet bar 13 descends, it will not drive the gear 14 to rotate. When the right mold cavity 12 moves upward and needs to feed the strain 3, it will drive the separation plate to rotate at least one circle, so that the strain 3 is pre-completed in the cloth distribution, and then the right mold cavity 12 can complete the feeding operation of the strain 3 that has completed the cloth distribution.

[0031] The working principle of this application is as follows:

[0032] The pinewood section 5 is processed. The bark is left in the middle of the pinewood section 5, and the bark at both ends is turned off. The middle of the pinewood section 5 is bundled by a bundling machine, and the pinewood sections 5 are stacked in a triangular pyramid shape.

[0033] The stacked pinewood sections 5 are sequentially placed into the tuckahoe cellars 2 through the inoculation mechanism and inoculated with the pinewood sections 5. First, the right mold cavity 12 is driven to rise by the driving structure. During the rising process of the right mold cavity 12, it will drive the material distribution plate 19 to rotate at least one circle, so as to ensure that the strain 3 arranged in a strip shape is in the cloth distribution groove in the material distribution plate 19, and the separation plate will not rotate after completing the cloth distribution first. The cloth distribution plate is positioned under the action of the counterweight 20. After the right mold cavity 12 is lifted in place, the right mold cavity 12 is driven to move to the left. The strain limiting cylinder 18 in the right mold cavity 12 is inserted right against the strain 3. The left end of the strain 3 is positioned by the positioning cover 16. After most of the strain 3 extends into the strain limiting cylinder 18, the right mold cavity 12 moves to the left and then moves downward.

[0034] When the right mold cavity 12 is level with the left mold cavity 6, the right mold cavity 12 is driven to move towards the left mold cavity 6 through the driving device, so that the right mold cavity 12 and the left mold cavity 6 enclose. The other end of the strain 3 extends into the strain limiting cylinder 18 of the left mold cavity 6. The soil 4 and water are put into the mixing device for mixing on the spot. The mixing device is communicated with the left mold cavity 6 through the extrusion pipe 7. The mixed soil 4 is extruded into the enclosed left mold cavity 6 and right mold cavity 12 through the extrusion pipe 7, and then the enclosed part of the left mold cavity 6 and the right mold cavity 12 is cut by driving the cutting wire, and the right mold cavity 12 is driven to reset.

[0035] By aligning the front shovel 10 with the pinewood section 5, a pinewood section 5 is shoveled up by the front shovel 10, aligned and pushed out through the positioning part on the front shovel 10, and then the right mold cavity 12 is driven to move to the left again. The left mold cavity 6 and the right mold cavity 12 are aligned with both ends of the pinewood section 5, and the push plate 17 is driven to push out the soil 4 and the strain 3 in the left mold cavity 6 and the right mold cavity 12. When pushing out, a triangular cover will be formed to cover both ends of the pinewood section 5, and the strain 3 will be perfectly attached to the pinewood section 5, and no film covering is required.

[0036] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, several improvements and modifications made without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological planting device for planting Poria cocos under an artificial deciduous forest, characterized in that: It includes an automated machine that stacks pinewood sections (5) in a conical shape. The automated machine includes a turning mechanism for turning and peeling the pinewood sections (5), a bundling mechanism for bundling the pinewood sections (5), and an inoculation mechanism for inoculating the bundled pinewood sections (5) in a conical shape. The inoculation mechanism includes a trolley body. A front shovel (10) for positioning the pinewood sections (5) is fixed at the front end of the trolley body. A left mold cavity (6) and a cutting wire that reciprocates in the cross-sectional direction of the left mold cavity (6) are fixed at one end of the front shovel (10). A right mold cavity (12) that can be lifted and reciprocates towards the left mold cavity (6) is fixed at the other end of the front shovel (10). A feeding mechanism for feeding the strains (3) is installed at the upper end of the front shovel (10).

2. The ecological planting device for planting Poria cocos under an artificial deciduous forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left mold cavity (6) and the right mold cavity (12) have the same structure, both including a triangular outer frame and a push plate (17) located inside the triangular outer frame. Strain limiting cylinders (18) distributed in a triangular shape are fixed on the push plate (17). The other end of the push plate (17) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of a cylinder.

3. The ecological planting device for planting Poria cocos under an artificial deciduous forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism includes a material channel connected to a vibrating hopper. The end of the material channel communicates with a positioning cover (16). A distributing plate (19) is rotatably connected to the center of the positioning cover (16). The distributing plate (19) is provided with cloth grooves distributed in a triangular shape. A counterweight block (20) is also provided at the edge of the distributing plate (19). The counterweight block (20) is located at the center of any two cloth grooves.

4. The ecological planting device for planting Poria cocos under an artificial deciduous forest according to claim 3, characterized in that: A ratchet rod (13) is also fixed on the frame of the right mold cavity (12). The rotating shaft of the distributing plate (19) is rotatably connected to the positioning cover (16) through a bearing. The end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a gear (14) through a transmission component (15). When the ratchet rod (13) rises, the ratchet on the ratchet rod (13) can drive the gear (14) to rotate at least one circle. When the ratchet rod (13) descends, it will not drive the gear (14) to rotate.

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