A method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain pea

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating root rot of mountain edible peas, and belongs to the technical field of pea disease prevention and control. The method comprises the steps of seed dressing with a medicament, planting in high ridges and shallow sowing furrows, and watering the roots with microbial agents and fertilizers in the seedling stage. The invention is characterized in that the root rot of edible peas is comprehensively prevented and treated by combining multiple technical measures such as seed dressing with a medicament, planting in high ridges and shallow sowing furrows, increasing the application of microbial agents and organic fertilizers, watering the roots with microbial agents and fertilizers in the seedling stage, and reasonable crop rotation, so as to complement each other's strengths and weaknesses, and achieve the best prevention effect. The method of the invention is simple and easy to implement, has a good disease prevention and control effect, saves medicine, time and labor, is safe for the environment, reduces the incidence of root rot of fresh edible peas, and improves yield and quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pea disease prevention and control, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling mountain pea root rot. Background Art

[0002] Grain pea is a cool-season legume crop of the genus Pisum, subfamily Fabaceae, and is mainly sold as fresh seeds. It has a short growing period, strong adaptability, and good comparative benefits. It plays an important role in the supply-side structural reform of modern agriculture and the development of the agricultural industry. With the increase in cultivated areas, diseases are becoming more and more diverse, especially root rot, which has occurred throughout the country and caused serious damage. For a long time, root rot of grain peas has been a major problem that has troubled growers. This disease is a soil-borne root disease caused by a variety of pathogens, mainly Fusarium solani. It can be spread through soil, seeds, and diseased residues. The incidence varies with location, year, and management level. As long as the conditions are suitable, the disease will occur throughout the entire growth period. It is more common in the seedling and flowering stages. It mainly harms the roots or rhizome junction of grain peas. The diseased plant body and lateral roots turn black, the root hairs decrease, and some grow black nodules. Mild cases cause the plants to be short and wilted. Although pods are produced, the pods and grains are abnormal and the number is sharply reduced. Severe cases cause severe rot of the diseased parts, the whole plant withers and dies, or even a total loss of harvest.

[0003] Since the causes of pea root rot are complex, pathogens, environmental factors or the interaction between the two can cause the disease. It is greatly affected by soil and environmental factors and is difficult to control. The prevention effect of a single measure is not ideal. Cultivating and planting disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective way to prevent and control pea root rot, but the existing disease-resistant varieties are limited; farmers often use chemical control, but there are no fungicides on the market that can be used to completely prevent and control root rot. Once the disease occurs, there is no effective prevention and control method. At present, pea root rot can only be controlled in production, and it cannot be completely and effectively treated. Therefore, how to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology is a problem that needs to be solved in the field of pea disease control technology.

[0004] Grain peas are shallow-rooted crops with poor water and fertilizer tolerance. They do not require high water and fertilizer conditions. In production, they are planted in mountains with irrigation conditions, rather than paddy fields or plots with good water and fertilizer conditions. The main reasons are: the area where the paddy field is located is generally lower than the mountainous area, the water and fertilizer conditions in the paddy field soil are good, and the field environment is mostly hot and humid. Planting edible peas often causes diseases and seedling death due to their poor water and fertilizer tolerance. Secondly, the productivity of edible peas is slightly lower than other crops in paddy fields. Farmers in paddy fields or plots with good water and fertilizer conditions generally choose to plant crops with high output rates. Therefore, the planting of edible peas is mostly done in mountains with irrigation conditions.

[0005] As the planting of mountain edible peas is more profitable than planting other crops in the mountains, the planting area has increased year by year. By 2020, the area of ​​vegetable peas in Yuxi City has reached 250,000 mu, with an output value of over 1 billion yuan, and the economic benefits are very significant. Mountain edible peas have developed into an important autumn grain crop with the largest planting scale, the largest sales volume, and the widest participation of farmers in the mountainous areas of our city. However, due to the long-term continuous cropping and repeated cropping farming methods, there are many types of agricultural pests, and severe and drug-resistant diseases and insect pests develop rapidly, the damage phenomenon is prominent, the prevention and control is more difficult, the prevention and control costs are increased, and the fertilization does not focus on the combination of inorganic fertilizers and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which affects the quality of agricultural products.

[0006] Therefore, how to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology is a problem that needs to be solved urgently in the field of pea disease prevention and control technology. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain edible peas which is simple and easy to implement, has good disease prevention and control effects, saves medicine, time and labor, and is safe to the environment, thereby reducing the incidence of root rot of edible peas and improving yield and quality.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain peas, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0010] Step (1), seed dressing with a medicament: 1 day before sowing, the seeds are dressed with a medicament solution, and after the medicament solution is evenly distributed on the surface of the seeds, the coated seeds are placed in a ventilated and dry place, spread out to dry the moisture and then set aside; the seeds dressed with the medicament solution must be sown within 24 hours, and no soaking treatment is required before sowing;

[0011] The mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:90-110;

[0012] The liquid medicine contains 2.5% fludioxonil, 58% mancozeb and 25% clothianidin, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil, mancozeb to clothianidin is 1:5.7-6:7.4-7.6;

[0013] Step (2), high ridge and shallow furrow planting:

[0014] Use the fields of previous tobacco or corn crops for no-till weeding, then dig trenches and raise soil to form deep trenches and high ridges, with the ridge height increased to 40-50cm. Dig a shallow planting trench 4cm-5cm deep and 10cm-15cm wide in the center of the ridge before sowing; before sowing, evenly spread microbial agents and organic fertilizers in the planting trenches as base fertilizers, and mix the microbial agents and organic fertilizers with the trench soil before sowing; after sowing, cover the soil with 2.0-3.5cm, irrigate thoroughly for the first time, and keep the soil on the surface moist; the previous tobacco stalks or corn stalks must be retained with roots as supports for pea vines;

[0015] The microbial agent organic fertilizer is a mixture of refined organic fertilizer and Bacillus subtilis; the application amount of refined organic fertilizer is 295-305kg / mu, and the application amount of Bacillus subtilis is 195-205g / mu;

[0016] Step (3), watering the roots with microbial fertilizer at the seedling stage:

[0017] When the seedlings grow to a height of 10-15 cm, use microbial fertilizer to water the roots twice for seedling treatment; the interval between the second watering is 7-10 days;

[0018] The microbial fertilizer comprises Bacillus subtilis with 10 billion spore viable bacteria per gram, fully water-soluble organic fertilizer with total nutrients ≥10% and monoammonium phosphate; wherein the dosage of Bacillus subtilis is 0.98-1.02 kg / mu; the dosage of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer is 1.98-2.02 kg / mu; the dosage of monoammonium phosphate is 3.95-4.05 kg / mu; when applied, the Bacillus subtilis, the fully water-soluble organic fertilizer and the monoammonium phosphate are mixed and then watered.

[0019] Furthermore, preferably, in step (1), the mass ratio of the medicinal solution to the seeds is 1:100.

[0020] Further, preferably, in step (1), the drug solution is calculated as 1 kg and the preparation method is as follows:

[0021] First, prepare 1 portion of mother liquor by taking 400g of 2.5% fludioxonil, 100g of 58% mancozeb and 300g of 25% clothianidin, then add a few drops of rapeseed oil and water to a total weight of 1kg, stir and mix to obtain the product.

[0022] Furthermore, preferably, in step (2), the mass percentage of organic matter in the refined organic fertilizer is 54%, the mass percentage of total humic acid is 20%, and the mass percentage of total nutrients is 5.2%; the total nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide; and the Bacillus subtilis is a wettable powder containing 10 billion viable spores per gram.

[0023] Furthermore, preferably, in step (2), the seeds are sown in rows; after sowing, the seeds are covered with 2.0-3.5 cm of soil; if corn is used as corn, the corn stalks need to be topped at a height of 150 cm after the corn matures and retained.

[0024] Furthermore, preferably, in step (2), during sowing, the plant spacing is 3 cm; and the row spacing is 0.8 m-1.1 m.

[0025] Furthermore, preferably, in step (2), when the previous crop is flue-cured tobacco, the row spacing is 1.1 m, and when the previous crop is corn, the row spacing is 0.8 m.

[0026] In the present invention, the ventilated and dry place is preferably the indoor floor.

[0027] In the present invention, the drug solution is calculated based on 1 kg, and the preparation method is as follows: first, 400 g of 2.5% fludioxonil, 100 g of 58% mancozeb and 300 g of 25% clothianidin are prepared into 1 part of mother solution, that is, the mass ratio of fludioxonil, mancozeb and clothianidin is 1:5.8:7.5; then, several drops of rapeseed oil are added, and water is added to a total weight of 1 kg, and the mixture is stirred and mixed to obtain the drug solution.

[0028] The inventors of the present invention consider that the seedling stage is the early stage of root rot and the key period for preventing and controlling root rot. As long as the root rot is well controlled in the seedling stage, the incidence can be reduced in the later stage, and effective prevention and control can be achieved. In view of the current status of the prior art, the present invention adopts a comprehensive prevention and control method to prepare a method for effectively preventing and controlling the root rot of mountain edible peas for production, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of the mountain edible pea industry.

[0029] Since the surface of pea seeds is relatively smooth, a few drops of rapeseed oil can be appropriately added when preparing the medicine solution so that the medicine can be well adhered to the seed surface.

[0030] In step (2) of the present invention, the ridge height is 40-50 cm, the cultivated layer is increased, drainage and ventilation and light transmission are convenient, and the new soil at the bottom of the ditch has few pathogenic bacteria; because edible peas are shallow root crops, the planting ditch does not need to be too deep. After the bed surface is prepared, a planting ditch with a depth of 4 cm-5 cm and a width of 10 cm-15 cm is opened in the center of the soil, and ridges are made on both sides of the shallow planting ditch, which is conducive to drainage and waterlogging prevention. In drought, rainwater can be collected or water can be irrigated along the ditch to avoid drought.

[0031] The refined organic fertilizer used in the present invention can be selected from the tobacco-specific organic fertilizer product of Yunnan Sichuang Technology Co., Ltd.

[0032] In step (3) of the present invention, Bacillus subtilis is diluted with water to 1200-1500 times before watering; the microbial agent is Bacillus subtilis, which has biological antagonism, bacteriolysis and bactericidal effects, can produce antibacterial substances, induce the plant defense system to resist the invasion of pathogens, can stimulate the plant to produce a large amount of vitamins and biological enzymes, promote the growth and development of the root system, improve the ability to absorb water and fertilizer, and further improve the self-resistance. It has a good effect of preventing and treating soil-borne diseases when applied before or in the early stage of the disease.

[0033] In the fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, the mass fraction of organic matter is ≥60%, the content of humic acid is ≥30%, and the total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) is ≥10%. The dosage is 2kg / mu each time. It is made by extracting effective ingredients from oil cake, straw, and humic acid after full fermentation. It has the characteristics of complete nutrition and fast dissolution. The active substances in it can release the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers fixed in the soil for secondary utilization, prevent soil compaction, promote root growth, reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer, no residue, no pollution, and meet the requirements of green and pollution-free crop production. The fully water-soluble organic fertilizer can be selected from the fully water-soluble organic fertilizer products of Yunnan Sichuang Technology Co., Ltd.

[0034] The present invention adopts reasonable crop rotation to avoid planting in areas with severe disease. Pea root rot is a soil-borne disease, and the infection rate of soil or previous crop straw is extremely high. Crop rotation should be implemented during planting, and continuous cropping of beans and planting in areas with severe disease should be avoided as much as possible. The cultivation technology of the present invention is to interplant on the ridges of the previous crop without tillage, but before sowing, weeds in the field must be removed, and the soil in the previous crop furrows must be plowed in time to deepen the furrows, reduce water accumulation, increase ventilation and light transmittance, and at the same time, the new soil dug out is used to raise the ridge surface and increase the tillage layer.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The invention is characterized in that the invention aims at the pathogenic types, causes and periods of the root rot of edible peas planted in the mountainous areas of Yunnan, and coordinates a plurality of technical measures such as seed dressing with pesticides, planting in high ridges and shallow sowing furrows, increasing the application of microbial agents and organic fertilizers, watering the roots with microbial agents and fertilizers in the seedling stage, and reasonable crop rotation to comprehensively prevent and control the root rot of edible peas, thereby complementing each other's strengths and weaknesses, acting synergistically, and achieving the best prevention effect.

[0037] 2. The disease described in the present invention is caused by a combination of multiple pathogens, and the causes of the disease are complex. Through sampling and testing of seeds in the diseased area, it was found that the seed bacteria rate was 8.5%, mainly Fusarium. Therefore, seed disinfection is essential, and a single seed dressing agent has a poor sterilization effect. The present invention prepares a composite agent to disinfect and sterilize seeds. The seedling rate of edible pea seeds treated with the agent is much higher than the seedling rate of seeds not mixed with the agent.

[0038] 3. The present invention uses organic fertilizer added with microbial agents as base fertilizer, and when the mycelium of the microbial fertilizer grows out to play a role, the seed surface disinfectant expiration time can be seamlessly connected. The present invention makes full use of the fact that organic fertilizer added with Bacillus subtilis can not only increase fertilizer efficiency and improve fertilizer utilization rate, but also inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in the soil and the invasion of plant roots. The additional application before sowing can not only inhibit the breeding and reproduction of harmful bacteria in the soil environment, reduce and prevent the occurrence of various fungal diseases, reduce soil-borne pathogenic bacteria, and create a nutritious and good growth environment, but also induce the plant's own disease resistance mechanism through the rhizosphere conduit, thereby enhancing the disease resistance of crops.

[0039] 4. The present invention adds organic fertilizer with added microbial agents as base fertilizer, and applies secondary microbial agent fertilizer when the young plants grow to 10-15 cm, which has an inhibitory effect on pathogens in the early stage of the disease and plays a maintenance role on plants that are not susceptible to the disease.

[0040] 5. In addition to using a small amount of chemical agents in the seed dressing agent, the present invention basically does not use chemical agents in the early stage of the growth of edible peas. Instead, diseases are prevented and treated by using microbial agents in combination with refined organic fertilizers, fully water-soluble organic fertilizers and a small amount of chemical fertilizers, thereby reducing production costs and, at the same time, reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 This is a seedling stage diagram of the seed dressing comparison test of application test 1; wherein a is naked seed, b is conventional seed dressing, and c is the method of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the flowering and pod period of the seed dressing comparison test of application test 1; wherein a is naked seed, b is conventional seed dressing, and c is the method of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the three planting density screening tests in the application test; among them, a is 22,000 plants / mu, b is 25,000 plants / mu, and c is 28,000 plants / mu;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the same-field comparison test of application test 4; among them, a is treatment 1, b is treatment 2, and c is treatment 3;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a large-scale planting map using the method of the present invention; the planting location is Zhongcun, Huaning. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0047] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or the product specifications are used. If the manufacturer of the materials or equipment used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased.

[0048] Unless otherwise specified, the test methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are conventional field test methods.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] A method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain peas, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0051] Step (1), seed dressing with a medicament: 1 day before sowing, the seeds are dressed with a medicament solution, and after the medicament solution is evenly distributed on the surface of the seeds, the coated seeds are placed in a ventilated and dry place, spread out to dry the moisture and then set aside; the seeds dressed with the medicament solution must be sown within 24 hours, and no soaking treatment is required before sowing;

[0052] The mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:100;

[0053] The liquid medicine contains 2.5% fludioxonil, 58% mancozeb and 25% clothianidin, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil, mancozeb to clothianidin is 1:5.8:7.5;

[0054] Step (2), high ridge and shallow furrow planting:

[0055] Use the previous crop of flue-cured tobacco or corn to carry out no-till weeding, then dig trenches and raise soil to form deep trenches and high ridges, and increase the ridge height to 40-50cm. Before sowing, dig a shallow planting trench with a depth of 4.2cm-4.7cm and a width of 12cm-14cm in the center of the ridge; before sowing, evenly spread microbial agents and organic fertilizers in the planting trench as base fertilizers, and mix the microbial agents and organic fertilizers with the trench soil before sowing; after sowing, cover the soil with 2.5-3cm, irrigate thoroughly for the first time, and keep the soil on the surface moist; the previous flue-cured tobacco stalks or corn stalks must be retained with roots as supports for pea vines;

[0056] The microbial agent organic fertilizer is a mixture of refined organic fertilizer and Bacillus subtilis; the application amount of refined organic fertilizer is 300kg / mu, and the application amount of Bacillus subtilis is 200g / mu;

[0057] Step (3), watering the roots with microbial fertilizer at the seedling stage:

[0058] When the seedlings grow to a height of 12-14 cm, use microbial fertilizer to water the roots twice for seedling treatment; the interval between the second watering is 9 days;

[0059] The microbial fertilizer comprises Bacillus subtilis with 10 billion spore viable bacteria per gram, fully water-soluble organic fertilizer with total nutrients ≥10%, and monoammonium phosphate; wherein the dosage of Bacillus subtilis is 1kg / mu; the dosage of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer is 2kg / mu; and the dosage of monoammonium phosphate is 4kg / mu; when applying, the Bacillus subtilis, the fully water-soluble organic fertilizer and the monoammonium phosphate are mixed evenly and then watered.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] A method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain peas, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0062] Step (1), seed dressing with a medicament: 1 day before sowing, the seeds are dressed with a medicament solution, and after the medicament solution is evenly distributed on the surface of the seeds, the coated seeds are placed in a ventilated and dry place, spread out to dry the moisture and then set aside; the seeds dressed with the medicament solution must be sown within 24 hours, and no soaking treatment is required before sowing;

[0063] The mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:90;

[0064] The liquid medicine contains 2.5% fludioxonil, 58% mancozeb and 25% clothianidin, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil, mancozeb to clothianidin is 1:5.7:7.4;

[0065] Step (2), high ridge and shallow furrow planting:

[0066] Use the fields of previous tobacco or corn crops for no-till weeding, then dig trenches and raise soil to form deep trenches and high ridges, with the ridge height increased to 40-42cm. Before sowing, dig a shallow planting trench 4cm-4.3cm deep and 10cm-12cm wide in the center of the ridge; before sowing, evenly spread microbial agents and organic fertilizers in the planting trench as base fertilizers, and mix the microbial agents and organic fertilizers with the trench soil before sowing; after sowing, cover with 2.2-3cm of soil, irrigate thoroughly for the first time, and keep the soil on the surface moist; the previous tobacco stalks or corn stalks must be retained with roots as supports for pea vines;

[0067] The microbial agent organic fertilizer is a mixture of refined organic fertilizer and Bacillus subtilis; the application amount of refined organic fertilizer is 295kg / mu, and the application amount of Bacillus subtilis is 195g / mu;

[0068] Step (3), watering the roots with microbial fertilizer at the seedling stage:

[0069] When the seedlings grow to a height of 10-12 cm, use microbial fertilizer to water the roots twice for seedling treatment; the interval between the second watering is 7 days;

[0070] The microbial fertilizer comprises Bacillus subtilis with 10 billion spore viable bacteria per gram, fully water-soluble organic fertilizer with total nutrients ≥10%, and monoammonium phosphate; wherein, the dosage of Bacillus subtilis is 0.98 kg / mu; the dosage of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer is 1.98 kg / mu; the dosage of monoammonium phosphate is 3.95 kg / mu; when applying, the Bacillus subtilis, the fully water-soluble organic fertilizer and the monoammonium phosphate are mixed and then watered to the roots.

[0071] In step (2), the seeds are sown in rows; after sowing, the seeds are covered with soil to a depth of 2.2-2.8 cm; if the seeds are grown as corn, the corn stalks need to be topped off at a height of 150 cm after the corn matures and then retained.

[0072] In step (2), when sowing, the plant spacing is 3 cm and the row spacing is 0.8 m (when the previous crop is corn).

[0073] Example 3

[0074] A method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain peas, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0075] Step (1), seed dressing with a medicament: 1 day before sowing, the seeds are dressed with a medicament solution, and after the medicament solution is evenly distributed on the surface of the seeds, the coated seeds are placed in a ventilated and dry place, spread out to dry the moisture and then set aside; the seeds dressed with the medicament solution must be sown within 24 hours, and no soaking treatment is required before sowing;

[0076] The mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:110;

[0077] The liquid medicine contains 2.5% fludioxonil, 58% mancozeb and 25% clothianidin, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil, mancozeb to clothianidin is 1:6:7.6;

[0078] Step (2), high ridge and shallow furrow planting:

[0079] Use the fields of previous tobacco or corn crops for no-till weeding, then dig trenches and raise soil to form deep trenches and high ridges, with the ridge height increased to 45-50cm. Dig a shallow planting trench 4.5cm-5cm deep and 13cm-15cm wide in the center of the ridge before sowing; before sowing, evenly spread microbial agents and organic fertilizers in the planting trenches as base fertilizers, and mix the microbial agents and organic fertilizers with the trench soil before sowing; after sowing, cover the soil with 2.8-3.5cm, irrigate thoroughly for the first time, and keep the soil on the surface moist; the previous tobacco stalks or corn stalks must be retained with roots as supports for pea vines;

[0080] The microbial agent organic fertilizer is a mixture of refined organic fertilizer and Bacillus subtilis; the application amount of refined organic fertilizer is 305kg / mu, and the application amount of Bacillus subtilis is 205g / mu;

[0081] Step (3), watering the roots with microbial fertilizer at the seedling stage:

[0082] When the seedlings grow to a height of 13-15cm, use microbial fertilizer to water the roots twice for seedling treatment; the interval between the second watering is 10 days;

[0083] The microbial fertilizer comprises Bacillus subtilis with 10 billion spore viable bacteria per gram, fully water-soluble organic fertilizer with total nutrients ≥10%, and monoammonium phosphate; wherein the amount of Bacillus subtilis is 1.02 kg / mu; the amount of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer is 2.02 kg / mu; and the amount of monoammonium phosphate is 4.05 kg / mu; when applied, the Bacillus subtilis, the fully water-soluble organic fertilizer and the monoammonium phosphate are mixed evenly and then watered.

[0084] In step (2), the organic matter mass percentage of the refined organic fertilizer is 54%, the total humic acid mass percentage is 20%, and the total nutrient mass percentage is 5.2%; the total nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide; and the Bacillus subtilis is a wettable powder containing 10 billion viable spores per gram.

[0085] In step (2), the seeds are sown in rows; after sowing, the seeds are covered with soil by 3-3.5 cm; if corn is used as corn, the corn stalks need to be topped off at a height of 150 cm after the corn matures and then retained.

[0086] In step (2), when sowing, the plant spacing is 3 cm; the row spacing is 1.0 m.

[0087] Example 4

[0088] A method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain peas, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0089] Step (1), seed dressing with a medicament: 1 day before sowing, the seeds are dressed with a medicament solution, and after the medicament solution is evenly distributed on the surface of the seeds, the coated seeds are placed in a ventilated and dry place, spread out to dry the moisture and then set aside; the seeds dressed with the medicament solution must be sown within 24 hours, and no soaking treatment is required before sowing;

[0090] The mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:100;

[0091] The liquid medicine contains 2.5% fludioxonil, 58% mancozeb and 25% clothianidin, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil, mancozeb to clothianidin is 1:5.8:7.5;

[0092] Step (2), high ridge and shallow furrow planting:

[0093] Use the previous crop of flue-cured tobacco or corn to carry out no-till weeding, then dig trenches and raise soil to form deep trenches and high ridges, and increase the ridge height to 40-50cm. Before sowing, dig a shallow planting trench with a depth of 4cm-5cm and a width of 10cm-15cm in the center of the ridge; before sowing, evenly spread microbial agents and organic fertilizers in the planting trench as base fertilizers, and mix the microbial agents and organic fertilizers with the trench soil before sowing; after sowing, cover the soil with 2.2-3.5cm, irrigate thoroughly for the first time, and keep the soil on the surface moist; the previous crop of flue-cured tobacco or corn stalks must be retained with roots as supports for pea vines;

[0094] The microbial agent organic fertilizer is a mixture of refined organic fertilizer and Bacillus subtilis; the application amount of refined organic fertilizer is 300kg / mu, and the application amount of Bacillus subtilis is 200g / mu;

[0095] Step (3), watering the roots with microbial fertilizer at the seedling stage:

[0096] When the seedlings grow to a height of 10-15 cm, use microbial fertilizer to water the roots twice for seedling treatment; the interval between the second watering is 9 days;

[0097] The microbial fertilizer comprises Bacillus subtilis with 10 billion spore viable bacteria per gram, fully water-soluble organic fertilizer with total nutrients ≥10%, and monoammonium phosphate; wherein the dosage of Bacillus subtilis is 1kg / mu; the dosage of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer is 2kg / mu; and the dosage of monoammonium phosphate is 4kg / mu; when applying, the Bacillus subtilis, the fully water-soluble organic fertilizer and the monoammonium phosphate are mixed evenly and then watered.

[0098] In step (1), the mass ratio of the medicinal solution to the seeds is 1:100.

[0099] In step (1), the drug solution is calculated as 1 kg and the preparation method is as follows:

[0100] First, prepare 1 portion of mother liquor by taking 400g of 2.5% fludioxonil, 100g of 58% mancozeb and 300g of 25% clothianidin, then add a few drops of rapeseed oil and water to a total weight of 1kg, stir and mix to obtain the product.

[0101] In step (2), the organic matter mass percentage of the refined organic fertilizer is 54%, the total humic acid mass percentage is 20%, and the total nutrient mass percentage is 5.2%; the total nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide; and the Bacillus subtilis is a wettable powder containing 10 billion viable spores per gram.

[0102] In step (2), the seeds are sown in rows; after sowing, the seeds are covered with soil to a depth of 2.0-3.5 cm; if the seeds are corn, the corn stalks need to be topped off at a height of 150 cm after the corn matures and then retained.

[0103] In step (2), when sowing, the plant spacing is 3 cm and the row spacing is 1.1 m (the previous crop is flue-cured tobacco).

[0104] Application test 1

[0105] This experiment screened the seed dressing agent and dosage, and evaluated the field control effect of mountain pea root rot at the seedling stage. In the experiment, except for the difference in Table 1, the rest is the same as the method of Example 4 of the present invention.

[0106] 1. Choose high-quality powdery mildew-resistant fresh-eating pea variety: Yunwan No. 18

[0107] 2. The first step to prevent and control root rot is to disinfect the seeds before sowing. This experiment mainly screens out the best seed dressing agent and dosage to treat the seeds. The seed dressing agent is 2.5% fludioxonil, 58% carbendazim and 25% thiamethoxam. The three-factor three-level experiment is designed with 9 treatments, three repetitions, and a plot area of ​​13.34 square meters. The control (ck) is set as naked seeds, without mixing agents, and only the secondary microbial fertilizer is applied during the seedling stage.

[0108] Table 1: Orthogonal experiment L9 (34) of seed dressing treatment of mountain edible pea

[0109]

[0110] 3. Seed dressing method: within 1 day before sowing, prepare each agent into a mother solution according to the dosage, add water and stir evenly, according to the ratio of drug to seed of 1:100 (that is, 1 part of the solution corresponds to 100kg of seeds), mix the solution with the seeds. Since the surface of pea seeds is relatively smooth, a few drops of rapeseed oil can be appropriately added when preparing the solution, so that the agent can adhere to the surface of the seeds well. The solution should be evenly adhered to the surface of the seeds, spread the seeds to dry the water, and set aside.

[0111] 4. Planting in high ridges and shallow sowing furrows: The previous flue-cured tobacco field is no-tilled to remove weeds between the furrows, and then furrows are dug and soil is raised to form deep furrows and high ridges. The ridge height is increased to 40-50cm. Before applying base fertilizer and sowing, a shallow planting furrow 4cm-5cm deep and 10cm-15cm wide is dug in the center of the ridge.

[0112] 5. Add microbial agent organic fertilizer as base fertilizer: Mix the refined organic fertilizer at 300kg / mu and Bacillus subtilis at 200g / mu, and spread evenly in the planting furrow as base fertilizer. After application, use a hoe to mix the microbial agent organic fertilizer with the furrow soil before sowing. Sow the mixed seeds in the planting furrow with a spacing of 3cm. After sowing, cover the soil with 2.2-3.5cm, irrigate thoroughly for the first time, and keep the soil moist.

[0113] 6. Water the roots twice with microbial fertilizer in the seedling stage: When the seedlings grow to a height of 10-15cm, water the roots with microbial fertilizer at intervals of 9 days. Preparation method: 10 billion spores of Bacillus subtilis per gram, 1kg / mu, diluted 1500 times with water, total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥10%, 2kg / mu of water-soluble organic fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4) at 4kg / mu, according to the area of ​​13.34m 2 The amount of water applied each time is 30kg. For each plot, 20g of 10 billion Bacillus subtilis, 80g of water-soluble organic fertilizer with total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥10%, and 80g of monoammonium phosphate are added with water for watering.

[0114] 7. Observation records and sampling tests:

[0115] Observations were made every three days for 10 days before emergence, and every 10 days thereafter. A 3m planting ditch was surveyed in each plot to investigate the emergence rate, plant height, number of leaf mosses, and root rot during the seedling stage, and the fresh pod yield of each plot was counted separately.

[0116] Disease rate (%) = (number of diseased plants ÷ total number of surveyed plants) × 100;

[0117] Disease index = {[(1 × number of diseased plants at level 1) + (2 × number of diseased plants at level 2) + (3 × number of diseased plants at level 3) + (4 × number of diseased plants at level 4)] ÷ (total number of investigated plants × level 4)} × 100;

[0118] Disease index prevention effect (%) = (control disease index - treatment disease index) / control disease index × 100.

[0119] 8. The course of mountain pea root rot is based on a 5-level standard: Level 0: normal plant growth, no symptoms; Level 1: root discoloration, yellowing or wilting of leaves ≤ 25%; Level 2: root discoloration, yellowing or wilting of leaves (25%, 50%]; Level 3: root discoloration, yellowing or wilting of leaves (50%, 75%]; Level 4: root discoloration, yellowing or wilting of leaves > 75% to the death of the entire plant.

[0120] 9. Test results show:

[0121] Without seed dressing or with unreasonable dosage of seed dressing agent, root rot began to occur in pea seedlings 16 days after emergence. Only when 100 kg of seeds were treated with a combination of 400 ml 2.5% fludioxonil, 100 g 58% carbendazim, and 300 g 25% clothianidin, the drug effect could last until 36 days after emergence without disease. This experiment also shows that the seedling stage is the initial stage of root rot and the best period for prevention and control, which fully verifies the correctness of the prevention and control time of root rot in the present invention. (See Table 2 for details)

[0122] At 36 days after emergence, with other cultivation measures being the same, bare seeds without any treatment were used as the control. Seed dressing with pesticides and application of bacterial fertilizers at the seedling stage had a good control effect on root rot. When the seed dressing pesticide combination was 400ml 2.5% fludioxonil, 100g 58% carbendazim, and 300g 25% clothianidin per 100kg of seeds, the control effect on root rot was the highest, with a disease index control rate of 88.57%. (See Table 3, Figure 1 )

[0123] Seed dressing with the agent combined with secondary microbial fertilizer application at the seedling stage increased the yield by 56.25-484.68 kg / mu, an increase of 9.59-82.64%. When the seed dressing agent combination was 400 ml 2.5% fludioxonil, 100 g 58% carbendazim, and 300 g 25% clothianidin for 100 kg of seeds, the control effect on root rot was the best, at 88.57%, and the yield was the highest, at 1071 kg / mu, an increase of 484.68 kg / mu, an increase of 82.64% compared with the control without seed dressing and only applying microbial fertilizer at the seedling stage. (See Table 4, Figure 2 )

[0124] Table 2 Statistics of root rot incidence rate (%) in the seedling stage of the test of seed dressing with pesticides

[0125] deal with 16 days after germination 26 days after germination 36 days after germination 46 days after germination Germination 56 days 1 5.73 9.63 9.63 22.96 26.30 2 4.48 5.56 5.56 16.67 16.67 3 1.58 2.60 2.60 10.74 18.15 4 0.80 2.59 2.97 12.23 12.60 5 2.00 3.33 3.33 18.52 21.85 6 0.00 0.37 3.33 15.19 15.19 7 0.00 0.00 1.48 8.52 11.85 8 0.00 3.33 14.07 16.30 25.56 9 1.32 2.59 4.07 12.59 20.74 ck 0.51 7.03 12.96 20.74 35.18

[0126] Table 3 Root rot control effect 36 days after emergence

[0127] deal with Incidence % Disease index Disease index prevention effect % 1 9.63 10.7 25.7 2 5.56 6.17 57.13 3 2.6 2.88 79.97 4 2.97 3.3 77.11 5 3.33 3.7 74.28 6 3.33 3.7 74.28 7 1.48 1.65 88.57 8 14.07 15.64 -8.6 9 4.07 4.52 68.59 ck 12.96 14.4 0

[0128] Table 4 Statistics of fresh pod production

[0129]

[0130]

[0131] Note: Lowercase letters in the table represent 5% significance level, and uppercase letters represent 1% extremely significant level.

[0132] Application Test 2

[0133] This experiment provides a field trial evaluation of the effect of adding microbial organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, seed dressing with pesticides and secondary application of microbial fertilizer at the seedling stage in preventing and controlling root rot of mountain peas based on high ridge and shallow sowing furrow planting.

[0134] 1. Choose high-quality powdery mildew-resistant fresh-eating pea variety: Yunwan No. 18

[0135] 2. This experiment selected two altitude areas to evaluate the field efficacy of adding microbial agent organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, dressing seeds with pesticides, and applying secondary microbial agent fertilizer at the seedling stage in preventing and controlling root rot of mountain pea. The first point is a medium-altitude mountainous area, and the Li Chaolong responsibility field of Linggang Group, Dacun Village Committee, Shijie Township, Yimen County, with an altitude of 1540m, was selected. The previous crop was flue-cured tobacco, light purple clay gravel soil, heavy soil, medium fertility, sowing on August 26, and the last harvest was on January 9 of the following year. The second point is a high-altitude mountainous area, and the Hongnipo Group of Naguo Village Committee, Ningzhou Street, Huaning County was selected. The previous crop was flue-cured tobacco, loam, medium fertility, sowing on August 10, and the last harvest was on March 20 of the following year.

[0136] 3. Each point adopts the same field comparison design, with three treatments, namely, treatment 1: adding microbial agent organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, treating seeds with pesticides, and applying secondary microbial agent fertilizer at the seedling stage; treatment 2: treating seeds with pesticides, and applying secondary microbial agent fertilizer at the seedling stage; treatment 3: seeds are not treated, and secondary microbial agent fertilizer is applied at the seedling stage. Three repetitions, each treatment area is 100m 2 In the experiment, except for the differences in three processing contents, the rest are the same as the method of Example 4 of the present invention.

[0137] 4. Seed dressing method: one day before sowing, prepare the mother solution of each agent according to the dosage, add water and mix well, according to the ratio of drug to seed of 1:90 (that is, 1 part of drug solution corresponds to 90kg of seeds), mix the drug solution and seeds evenly, so that the drug adheres evenly to the surface of the seeds, dry the water and set aside.

[0138] 5. High ridge shallow sowing furrow planting: The corn field is no-tilled to remove weeds between the furrows, and then the furrows are dug to form deep furrows and high ridges. The ridge height is increased to 40-50cm. Before applying base fertilizer and sowing, a shallow planting furrow 4cm-5cm deep and 10cm-15cm wide is dug in the center of the ridge. After the corn matures, the corn stalks are removed at a height of 150cm and used as supports for pea vines.

[0139] 6. Add microbial agent organic fertilizer as base fertilizer: Mix 300kg / mu of refined organic fertilizer and 200g / mu of Bacillus subtilis, and spread them evenly in the planting furrow as base fertilizer. After application, use a hoe to mix the microbial agent organic fertilizer with the furrow soil before sowing. Sow the mixed seeds in the planting furrow with a spacing of 3cm. After sowing, cover the soil with 2.2-3.5cm, irrigate thoroughly for the first time, and keep the soil moist.

[0140] 7. Water the roots twice with microbial fertilizer in the seedling stage: When the seedlings grow to a height of 10-15cm, water the roots with microbial fertilizer at intervals of 9 days. Preparation method: dilute 1000 times of Bacillus subtilis with 10 billion spores / gram, total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥10%, 2kg / mu of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4) at 4kg / mu, and water each time according to the area of ​​the plot.

[0141] 8. Observation records and sampling tests:

[0142] Observations were made every three days for 10 days before emergence, and every 10 days thereafter. A 3m planting ditch was surveyed in each plot to investigate the emergence rate, plant height, number of leaf mosses, and root rot during the seedling stage, and the fresh pod yield of each plot was counted separately.

[0143] Disease rate (%) = (number of diseased plants ÷ total number of surveyed plants) × 100;

[0144] Disease index = {[(1 × number of diseased plants at level 1) + (2 × number of diseased plants at level 2) + (3 × number of diseased plants at level 3) + (4 × number of diseased plants at level 4)] ÷ (total number of investigated plants × level 4)} × 100;

[0145] Disease index prevention effect (%) = (control disease index - treatment disease index) / control disease index × 100.

[0146] 9. The severity of the root rot of mountain peas is based on a 5-level standard: Level 0: normal plant growth, no symptoms; Level 1: root discoloration, yellowing or wilting of leaves ≤ 25%; Level 2: root discoloration, yellowing or wilting of leaves (25%, 50%]; Level 3: root discoloration, yellowing or wilting of leaves (50%, 75%]; Level 4: root discoloration, yellowing or wilting of leaves > 75% to the death of the entire plant.

[0147] 10. Test results show:

[0148] On the basis of high ridge and shallow sowing furrow planting, adding microbial organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, seed dressing with pesticides and applying microbial fertilizer twice at the seedling stage has a good control effect on root rot of pea in high-altitude mountainous areas, up to 88%, and a control effect of 68.56% in medium-altitude mountainous areas, which is better than the control effect of only seed dressing with pesticides and applying microbial fertilizer twice at the seedling stage. Especially in the mountainous area at a high altitude of 1970m, the control effect of adding microbial organic fertilizer as base fertilizer is 23.94% higher than that of only seed dressing with pesticides and applying microbial fertilizer twice at the seedling stage. (See Table 6 for details)

[0149] The application of microbial organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, seed dressing with pesticides and secondary application of microbial fertilizer at the seedling stage increased production by 27.62% and 57.41% in medium-altitude mountainous areas and 29.70% and 71.50% in high-altitude mountainous areas. (See Tables 7 and 8 for details)

[0150] Table 6 The effect of adding microbial organic fertilizer as base fertilizer + seed dressing with pesticide and applying microbial fertilizer at seedling stage to prevent root rot at mature stage

[0151]

[0152] Table 7 Variance analysis of pea plot yield in the treatment of pesticide seed dressing and bacterial fertilizer application at the seedling stage at medium altitude

[0153]

[0154] Table 8 Variance analysis of edible pea plot yield at different dosages and ratios of organic fertilizer at high altitudes

[0155]

[0156] Application test 3

[0157] This experiment provides a planting density screening test based on the cultivation measures of high ridge and shallow sowing furrow planting, additional application of microbial agent and organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, seed mixing with pesticides and secondary application of microbial agent fertilizer at the seedling stage for the prevention and control of root rot of mountain pea.

[0158] 1. Choose high-quality powdery mildew-resistant fresh-eating pea variety: Yunwan No. 18

[0159] 2. This experiment was carried out from August 2019 to March 2020 in three pilot sites with different ecological conditions, namely, Li Chaolong's farmer's responsibility field in Linggang Village, Dacun Village Committee, Shijie Township, Yimen County at an altitude of 1545m (E1), Lanhong's responsibility field in Group 4, Yima Village, Haikou Village Committee, Haikou Town, Chengjiang County at an altitude of 1770m (E2), and Bajinlin's responsibility field in Hongnipo Group, Naguo Village Committee, Ningzhou Street, Huaning County at an altitude of 1970m (E3). The previous crop of all plots was flue-cured tobacco, loam, and medium soil fertility. The pilot site at an altitude of 1545m was sown on August 29 and harvested on January 5 of the following year; the pilot site at an altitude of 1770m was sown on September 29 and harvested on March 14 of the following year; the pilot site at an altitude of 1970m was sown on August 10 and harvested on December 25 of the same year.

[0160] 3. Each point test adopts a single-factor randomized block design with three replicates. The difference is 3,000 plants / mu as a planting density ladder. There are 7 planting density treatments from 16,000 to 34,000 plants / mu, namely 16,000, 19,000, 22,000, 25,000, 28,000, 31,000, and 34,000 plants / mu. Each plot has an area of ​​13.34m 2 The row spacing was 110 cm, and the plant spacings of the seven treatments were 3.8, 3.2, 2.8, 2.4, 2.2, 2.0, and 1.8 cm, respectively.

[0161] 4. In the experiment, except for the difference in the planting density treatment content, the rest is the same as the method of Example 4 of the present invention.

[0162] 5. Seed dressing method: one day before sowing, prepare the mother solution of each agent according to the dosage, add water and mix well, according to the ratio of drug to seed of 1:110 (that is, 1 part of drug solution corresponds to 110kg of seeds), mix the drug solution and seeds evenly, so that the drug adheres evenly to the surface of the seeds, dry the water and set aside.

[0163] 6. High ridge shallow sowing furrow planting: The corn field is no-tilled to remove weeds between the furrows, and then the furrows are dug to form deep furrows and high ridges. The ridge height is increased to 40-50cm. Before applying base fertilizer and sowing, a shallow planting furrow 4cm-5cm deep and 10cm-15cm wide is dug in the center of the ridge. After the corn matures, the corn stalks are removed at a height of 150cm and used as supports for pea vines.

[0164] 7. Add microbial agent organic fertilizer as base fertilizer: Mix 300kg / mu of refined organic fertilizer and 200g / mu of Bacillus subtilis, and spread them evenly in the planting furrow as base fertilizer. After application, use a hoe to mix the microbial agent organic fertilizer with the furrow soil before sowing. Sow the mixed seeds in the planting furrow with a spacing of 3cm. After sowing, cover the soil with 2.2-3.5cm, irrigate thoroughly for the first time, and keep the soil moist.

[0165] 8. Water the roots twice with microbial fertilizer in the seedling stage: When the seedlings grow to a height of 10-15cm, water the roots with microbial fertilizer at intervals of 9 days. Preparation method: dilute 1000 times the solution of 10 billion spore viable bacteria / gram of Bacillus subtilis with water, total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥10%, 2kg / mu of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4) at 4kg / mu, and water each time according to the area of ​​the plot.

[0166] 9. Observation, record and sampling: Observation and record every three days for 10 days before emergence, and then observe and record once every 10 days in the field. In each plot, a fixed-point survey of 3m planting furrows will be conducted to investigate the seedling emergence rate, plant height, number of leaf mosses, and root rot, and the fresh pod yield of each plot will be counted separately.

[0167] 10. Test results show:

[0168] Based on the cultivation measures of high ridge and shallow sowing furrow planting, additional application of microbial and organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, seed mixing with pesticides and secondary application of microbial fertilizer in the seedling stage, seven planting density treatments ranging from 16,000 to 34,000 plants / mu were set with a difference of 3,000 plants / mu in three pilot altitudes with different ecological conditions. The results showed that the pea yield increased with increasing altitude at the same planting density. The yield difference between the pilot area at an altitude of 1545m and that at an altitude of 1970m reached a significant level. At a planting density of 25,000 plants / mu, the yield difference reached 401.47kg / mu, an increase of 98.72%.

[0169] The planting density range for the three pilot sites with different altitudes to maintain relatively stable yields was 22,000 to 28,000 plants / mu. The best planting density for the pilot site at 1545m above sea level was 28,000 plants / mu, the best planting density for the pilot site at 1770m above sea level was 22,000 plants / mu, and the best planting density for the pilot site at 1970m above sea level was 25,000 plants / mu. (See Table 9 and Figure 3 )

[0170] Table 9 Statistical variance analysis of actual yields at different planting densities at three altitudes

[0171] Planting density / (10,000 plants / mu) E1 / (kg / mu) E2 / (kg / mu) E3 / (kg / mu) 1.6 378A 370.67bB 627.19bA 1.9 398.5aA 379b 653.2abA 2.2 383a 461.79aA 734.67abA 2.5 406.67aA 450.3aAB 808.14aA 2.8 420a 451.63aA 711.15abA 3.1 389.17aA 380.83bAB 538.25bA 3.4 331.5aA 365bB 559.75bA

[0172] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level, and uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences at the 0.01 level.

[0173] Application test 4

[0174] This experiment provides a disease control and efficient cultivation measure that uses high ridge and shallow sowing furrow planting, additional application of microbial agent and organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, seed mixing with pesticides, and secondary application of microbial agent and fertilizer at the seedling stage for comparison with conventional cultivation technology in the same field.

[0175] 1. Choose high-quality powdery mildew-resistant fresh-eating pea variety: Yunwan No. 18

[0176] 2. This experiment was implemented in three pilot sites with different ecological conditions at different altitudes. Pilot site 1 (E1) was located in Wabao Village, Laowu Village Committee, Shijie Township, Yimen County, at an altitude of 1572m. The previous crop was flue-cured tobacco, and the soil was light purple clay gravel with heavy clay and medium fertility. Pilot site 2 (E2) was located in Group 5, Haikou Village Committee, Haikou Town, Chengjiang County, at an altitude of 1758m. The previous crop was corn, and the land had good fertilizer and water conditions, was standardized, and was flat. Pilot site 3 (E3) was located in Dengloushan Group, Puchazhai Village Committee, Ningzhou Street, Huaning County, at an altitude of 1900m. The previous crop was flue-cured tobacco, and the soil fertility of the test soil was medium.

[0177] 3. The experiment adopted the same field comparison design, with three replications and two treatments, each with an area of ​​no less than 100m 2 ;

[0178] Treatment 1: High-efficiency cultivation technology for disease prevention and control (method of the present invention): Seed dressing with pesticides, planting in high ridges and shallow sowing furrows, adding microbial agents and organic fertilizers as base fertilizers, and watering the roots with microbial agents and fertilizers during the seedling stage for secondary disease prevention and control, and starting to use yellow board green prevention and control and other high-efficiency cultivation technologies during the early flowering period. Precision sowing, 6kg / mu, net soil width 60cm, single row per soil, row spacing 110cm, treatment plant spacing 2.3cm, planting density 26,000 plants / mu.

[0179] Treatment 2 conventional cultivation technology: bare seeds, application of conventional fertilizers and usage (compound fertilizer 100kg / mu applied four times; urea 40kg / mu applied three times), use of conventional disease treatment cultivation technology (50% thiram applied three times in the seedling stage, the usage is 75g / mu, 58% metalaxyl mancozeb applied 1-2 times in the flowering stage, the usage is 60g / mu.), conventional sowing rate 8 kg / mu, net surface width 60cm, single row per soil, row spacing 110cm, plant spacing 1.7cm, planting density 35,000 plants / mu.

[0180] 4. Seed dressing method: one day before sowing, prepare each agent into a mother solution according to the dosage, add water and mix well, according to the ratio of drug to seed of 1:100 (that is, 1 part of drug solution corresponds to 100kg of seeds), mix the drug solution and seeds evenly, so that the drug adheres evenly to the surface of the seeds, dry the water and set aside.

[0181] 5. High ridge shallow sowing furrow planting: The corn field is no-tilled to remove weeds between the furrows, and then the furrows are dug to form deep furrows and high ridges. The ridge height is increased to 40-50cm. Before applying base fertilizer and sowing, a shallow planting furrow 4cm-5cm deep and 10cm-15cm wide is dug in the center of the ridge. After the corn matures, the corn stalks are removed at a height of 150cm and used as supports for pea vines.

[0182] 6. Add microbial agent organic fertilizer as base fertilizer: Mix 300kg / mu of refined organic fertilizer and 200g / mu of Bacillus subtilis, and spread them evenly in the planting furrow as base fertilizer. After application, use a hoe to mix the microbial agent organic fertilizer with the furrow soil before sowing. Sow the mixed seeds in the planting furrow with a spacing of 3cm. After sowing, cover the soil with 2.2-3.5cm, irrigate thoroughly for the first time, and keep the soil moist.

[0183] 7. Water the roots twice with microbial fertilizer in the seedling stage: When the seedlings grow to a height of 10-15cm, water the roots with microbial fertilizer at intervals of 9 days. Preparation method: dilute 1000 times of Bacillus subtilis with 10 billion spores / gram, total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥10%, 2kg / mu of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4) at 4kg / mu, and water each time according to the area of ​​the plot.

[0184] 8. Survey content: Investigate the occurrence of diseases and plot yield during the growth and maturity periods.

[0185] 9. Test results show:

[0186] From the occurrence of root rot at maturity in the three pilot sites, it was concluded that disease control and efficient cultivation had a good effect in preventing and controlling root rot. The highest control rate was 85.29% at an altitude of 1,900m, followed by the pilot site at an altitude of 1,758m, with a control rate of 77.42%; and the third was the pilot site at an altitude of 1,572m, with a control rate of 40%. (See Table 10 for details)

[0187] The yield increased with the increase of altitude. The disease control and high-efficiency cultivation treatment had an increase in yield in the three pilot sites, which was related to the increase in disease control efficiency. The highest yield was in the pilot site at an altitude of 1900m, which was 466.9kg / mu, followed by the pilot site at an altitude of 1758m, which was 445.7kg / mu; the third was the pilot site at an altitude of 1572m, which was 201.1kg / mu (see Table 11 for details). Figure 4 shown.

[0188] Table 10 Occurrence of mature root rot in three pilot sites

[0189]

[0190] Table 11 Output statistics of three pilot projects

[0191]

[0192] The above four experiments have specifically explained the principles and implementation methods of the present invention, and also proved that the method and implementation of the present invention have a good control effect on fresh pea root rot, especially in the high-altitude mountainous area of ​​1900m, which has a good control effect and yield-increasing effect, and fully verifies the correctness of the time and measures for the control of root rot in the present invention. Due to limited expression, there are objective structural defects. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements can be made according to specific circumstances.

[0193] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain pea, characterized in that: The steps include: Step (1), seed dressing with a medicament: 1 day before sowing, the seeds are dressed with a medicament solution. After the medicament solution is evenly distributed on the surface of the seeds, the wrapped seeds are placed in a ventilated and dry place, spread out to dry the moisture and then set aside. The seeds dressed with the medicament solution must be sown within 24 hours, and no soaking treatment is required before sowing. The mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:90-110; The liquid medicine contains 2.5% fludioxonil, 58% mancozeb and 25% clothianidin, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil, mancozeb to clothianidin is 1:5.7-6:7.4-7.6; Step (2), high ridge and shallow furrow planting: Use the previous crop of flue-cured tobacco or corn to carry out no-till weeding, then dig trenches and raise soil to form deep trenches and high ridges, and increase the ridge height to 40-50cm. Before sowing, dig a shallow planting trench with a depth of 4cm-5cm and a width of 10cm-15cm in the center of the ridge; before sowing, evenly spread microbial agents and organic fertilizers in the planting trench as base fertilizers, and mix the microbial agents and organic fertilizers with the trench soil before sowing; after sowing, cover the soil with 2.2-3.5cm, irrigate thoroughly for the first time, and keep the soil on the surface moist; the previous crop of flue-cured tobacco or corn stalks must be retained with roots as supports for pea vines; The microbial agent organic fertilizer is a mixture of refined organic fertilizer and Bacillus subtilis; the application amount of refined organic fertilizer is 295-305kg / mu, and the application amount of Bacillus subtilis is 195-205g / mu; Step (3), watering the roots with microbial fertilizer at the seedling stage: When the seedlings grow to a height of 10-15 cm, use microbial fertilizer to water the roots twice for seedling treatment; the interval between the second watering is 7-10 days; The microbial fertilizer comprises Bacillus subtilis with 10 billion spore viable bacteria / gram, fully water-soluble organic fertilizer with total nutrients ≥10%, and monoammonium phosphate; wherein the amount of Bacillus subtilis is 0.98-1.02kg / mu; the amount of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer is 1.98-2.02kg / mu; the amount of monoammonium phosphate is 3.95-4.05kg / mu; when applying, the Bacillus subtilis, fully water-soluble organic fertilizer and monoammonium phosphate are mixed and then watered to the roots; In fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, the organic matter mass fraction is ≥60%, the humic acid content is ≥30%, and the total nutrients N+P2O5+K2O are ≥10%; In step (3), Bacillus subtilis is diluted 1200-1500 times with water and then applied.

2. The method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain pea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the mass ratio of the medicinal solution to the seeds is 1:

100.

3. The method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain pea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the drug solution is calculated as 1 kg and the preparation method is as follows: First, prepare 1 portion of mother liquor by taking 400g of 2.5% fludioxonil, 100g of 58% mancozeb metalaxyl, and 300g of 25% clothianidin, then add a few drops of rapeseed oil and water to a total weight of 1kg, and stir to mix.

4. The method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain pea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the organic matter mass percentage of the refined organic fertilizer is 54%, the total humic acid mass percentage is 20%, and the total nutrient mass percentage is 5.2%; the total nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide; and the Bacillus subtilis is a wettable powder containing 10 billion viable spores per gram.

5. The method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain pea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the seeds are sown in rows; after sowing, the soil is covered with 2.0-3.5 cm of soil; if corn is used as corn, the corn stalks need to be topped and retained at a height of 150 cm after the corn matures.

6. The method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain pea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), when sowing, the plant spacing is 3 cm; the row spacing is 0.8 m-1.1 m.

7. The method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain pea according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (2), when the previous crop is flue-cured tobacco, the row spacing is 1.1 m, and when the previous crop is corn, the row spacing is 0.8 m.

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