sublevel cross cut and fill mining with horizontal sublevel drifts

Abstract

The application discloses a layered cross-cut mining type seabed upward horizontal layered access filling mining method, which divides a mining block stage into several sections, divides the sections into several layers, and alternately uses a back-to-back ring surrounding stoping structure and a horizontal layered stoping structure to stop mining of the ore body in the horizontal layers from bottom to top; wherein the back-to-back ring surrounding stoping structure divides the mining block into a plurality of annular accesses with the mining block stoping center as the center from inside to outside, and the diameter of the annular access gradually increases from inside to outside. The access of the back-to-back ring surrounding stoping structure is long and the number is small, which can effectively improve the efficiency of the ore body stoping, and the back-to-back ring surrounding stoping structure and the horizontal layered stoping structure are arranged to alternately stop mining of the upper and lower layers, so that the upper and lower layered accesses of the ore body stoping form a cross structure, thereby providing more support in the direction of the ore body, helping to maintain the stability of the filling body, and effectively controlling the stress change of the stope surrounding rock.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mining filling, in particular to a layered cross stoping type seabed upward horizontal layered drift filling mining method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Ocean resources are an important part of the earth's resources, and seabed resources are very rich. According to the survey, the total area of the ocean (362 million km2) accounts for more than 70% of the earth's surface, and the vast ocean is exceptionally rich in mineral resources. Currently, more than 20 kinds of mineral resources have been found, including coal, natural gas, oil, copper, iron, manganese, gold, etc. In the past few decades, the exploitation and utilization of land mineral resources have been very extensive, and currently there is little left on the surface of the land. The coastal shelf contains extremely rich mineral resources, and the development and utilization of coastal bedrock deposits under the current technical and economic conditions have great potential. The coastal bedrock deposit is a solid deposit existing in the shallow sea shelf close to the coastline, which is mostly connected with the same type of land deposit and is a natural extension of the land deposit under the sea. The coastal bedrock deposit is close to the coastline, and the overlying seawater is shallow. The exploitation of such deposits will not cause surface subsidence, water system damage and environmental pollution, and will not be disturbed by hidden goaf, and will not need to pay for relocation and land acquisition compensation. Therefore, the coastal bedrock deposit will be the focus of future mining development.

[0003] The patent application with the application number CN200910226666.8 provides a seabed thick and large metal ore roof protection lower middle waist bidirectional type filling mining method, which is characterized by: a safety isolation layer is reserved between the ore body and the seabed; the ore body is divided into upper and lower parts from the middle waist in the vertical height direction; the vertical height of the middle waist position from the seabed mud is 100-150 m; the upper part is mined upward, and the lower part is mined downward from the middle waist position of the ore body; the upward mining adopts a regular point column out-of-vein trackless mining and upward slicing cemented filling method; the downward mining adopts an out-of-vein trackless mining and ordinary slicing filling mining method, and the stope is filled with filling material to fill the mined-out area.

[0004] However, the above method greatly disturbs the broken surrounding rock of the lower disc, and is not suitable for the safe stoping of the surrounding rock type ore body near the seabed. Therefore, in order to avoid great disturbance to the seabed, the stoping of the ore body close to the seabed can only use the upward horizontal layered drift filling mining method, and at the same time, in order to ensure the safety of stoping and control the change of the roof rock mass, the size of the stoping drift should be reduced, which seriously affects the production efficiency. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a layered cross stoping type seabed upward horizontal layered drift filling mining method, which can effectively improve the ore body stoping efficiency and effectively control the stress change of the stope surrounding rock to avoid great disturbance to the seabed.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is to provide a layered cross-cut stoping type seabed upward horizontal layered access filling mining method, which divides a mining block into several sections, divides the sections into several layers, and alternately uses a back-to-back ring surrounding stoping structure and a horizontal layered stoping structure to stop mining of the ore body in the horizontal layers from bottom to top; wherein the back-to-back ring surrounding stoping structure divides the mining block into a plurality of annular access roads with the mining block stoping center as the center from inside to outside, and the diameters of the annular access roads gradually increase from inside to outside.

[0007] Preferably, the back-to-back ring surrounding stoping structure comprises a through vein roadway, an inner ring access road, and an annular access road, the inner ring access road is arranged inside the annular access road, and the through vein roadway extends into the mining block stoping center and is simultaneously communicated with the inner ring access road and the annular access road.

[0008] Preferably, the inner ring access road is vertically arranged with the through vein roadway, and the annular access road is arranged from inside to outside around the inner ring access road.

[0009] Preferably, the access road length of the smallest annular access road is greater than the stoping access road length along the strike of the mining block and simultaneously greater than the stoping access road length perpendicular to the strike of the mining block.

[0010] Preferably, the annular access road is arranged around in the direction of the access road along the boundary line of the ore body.

[0011] Preferably, the stoping mode of the back-to-back ring surrounding stoping structure comprises: constructing the through vein roadway to the mining block stoping center vertically to the strike of the ore body, and then stoping from inside to outside from the mining block stoping center, that is, first stoping the inner ring access road in the retreating direction of the through vein roadway, and then stoping the annular access road from inside to outside in turn.

[0012] Preferably, the inner ring access road and the annular access road are simultaneously stoped from both sides from the through vein roadway.

[0013] Preferably, the horizontal layered stoping structure comprises an along-vein roadway and a horizontal access road, and the horizontal access road is vertically communicated with the along-vein roadway.

[0014] Preferably, the stoping mode of the horizontal layered stoping structure comprises: constructing the along-vein roadway along the strike of the ore body, and stoping the horizontal access road in the form of every other one from both ends of the along-vein roadway to the middle.

[0015] Preferably, the access road width in the back-to-back ring surrounding stoping structure and the access road width in the horizontal layered stoping structure are both less than the panel access road width.

[0016] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The application designs a back-to-back shape surrounding stoping structure, which comprises a through vein roadway, an inner ring access and a ring access, the through vein roadway extends into the stoping center of the ore block from the sectional roadway and is communicated with the inner ring access and the ring access at the same time, the ring access is arranged around the outside of the inner ring access and is arranged from inside to outside with the stoping center of the ore block as the center; the ring access in the back-to-back shape surrounding stoping structure is long and the number of accesses is small, which can not only improve the ore quantity of single stoping, but also reduce the filling times, thereby effectively improving the stoping efficiency of the ore body.

[0018] The application can provide more support in more directions for the ore body by setting the back-to-back shape surrounding stoping structure and the horizontal layered stoping structure to alternately stoping in the upper and lower layers, forming a cross structure form of the upper and lower layered accesses of the ore body, which helps to maintain the stability of the filling body and avoid large-area collapse, thereby effectively controlling the stress change of the stope surrounding rock.

[0019] The stope access width of the back-to-back shape surrounding stoping structure is small, which can effectively reduce the roof exposure area; preferably, the access width of the back-to-back shape surrounding stoping structure is 4m, which is narrower than the panel access, can greatly reduce the span size of the roof exposure, and can effectively control the surrounding rock of the roof while reducing the disturbance to the seabed.

[0020] The stoping mode of the back-to-back shape surrounding stoping structure is set as follows: the inner ring accesses are stoped one by one in the retreating direction of the through vein roadway, and then the ring accesses are stoped from inside to outside in turn; the inner ring accesses and the ring accesses can be stoped at the same time from the through vein roadway to both sides; the above stoping mode can not only reduce the number of filling panel walls in the stope, reduce the risk of running slurry and stoping cost, but also shorten the access construction time and improve the monthly production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic diagram of stoping the ore body by using the back-to-back shape surrounding stoping structure in the layered cross stoping type seabed upward horizontal layered access filling mining method.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structure schematic diagram of stoping the ore body by using the horizontal layered stoping structure in the layered cross stoping type seabed upward horizontal layered access filling mining method.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a side cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the layered cross stoping type seabed upward horizontal layered access filling mining method.

[0024] The labels of the components in the drawings are as follows:

[0025] 1. Segmented roadway; 2. Mining connection; 3. Ventilation shaft; 4. Mining chute; 5. Chute connecting roadway; 6. Through-vein roadway; 7. Inner ring roadway; 8. Ring roadway; 9. Along-vein roadway; 10. Horizontal roadway. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby providing a clearer and more explicit definition of the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] This invention provides a layered cross-mining method for seabed upward horizontal layered approach backfilling mining, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the ore block is divided into several segments, and each segment is further divided into several layers. From bottom to top, a combination of a U-shaped encircling mining structure and a horizontal layered mining structure is used to mine the ore body in the horizontal layers. Specifically, the U-shaped encircling mining structure divides the ore block from the mining center outwards into multiple ring-shaped access routes 8, with the diameter of each ring-shaped access route 8 gradually increasing from the inside out. The long ring-shaped access routes 8 and the small number of access routes in the U-shaped encircling mining structure effectively improve the ore body mining efficiency. Furthermore, the alternation of the U-shaped encircling mining structure and the horizontal layered mining structure creates a cross-structure between the upper and lower layered access routes, which helps maintain the stability of the backfill body, avoids large-scale collapses, and effectively controls the stress changes in the surrounding rock of the stope.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the U-shaped encircling mining structure includes a through-cut roadway 6, an inner ring access road 7, and a ring access road 8. The through-cut roadway 6 extends from the segmented roadway 1 into the mining center of the ore block and connects simultaneously with the inner ring access road 7 and the ring access road 8. The inner ring access road 7 is a straight access road, located inside the ring access road 8 and perpendicular to the through-cut roadway 6. The ring access road 8 is arranged around the outer side of the inner ring access road 7, centered on the mining center of the ore block and extending outwards. The access direction of the ring access road 8 extends along the boundary line of the ore body. The minimum length of the ring access road 8 is greater than the length of the mining access road along the ore block's strike and also greater than the length of the mining access road perpendicular to the ore block's strike. Therefore, the long ring access road 8 and the small number of access roads in the U-shaped encircling mining structure not only increase the amount of ore mined per cycle but also reduce the number of backfilling operations, thereby effectively improving the ore body mining efficiency.

[0029] The width of the access in the loop-shaped surrounding stoping structure is less than the width of the panel access and simultaneously less than the maximum safe span of the ore body. Although the annular access 8 in the loop-shaped surrounding stoping structure is long, the mining period of the stope access is long, and the roof exposure time is increased, the width of the stope access is small, which can effectively reduce the roof exposure area. Preferably, the width of the access in the loop-shaped surrounding stoping structure is 4 m, which is narrower than the panel access, can greatly reduce the span size of the roof exposure, effectively control the surrounding rock of the roof, and reduce the disturbance to the seabed.

[0030] The stoping mode of the loop-shaped surrounding stoping structure includes: constructing the piercing drift 6 to the ore block stoping center along the ore body strike, and then stoping from the inside to the outside of the ore block stoping center, that is, stoping the ring inner access 7 in the direction of the piercing drift 6 in turn, and then stoping the annular access 8 from the inside to the outside in turn. In order to shorten the construction time of the access and improve the monthly production task, the ring inner access 7 and the annular access 8 can be simultaneously stoped from the piercing drift 6 to both sides, two shots per shift are ensured, and the production efficiency is improved.

[0031] As shown in Figure 2 , the horizontal layer stoping structure includes the along-vein drift 9 and the horizontal access 10, and the horizontal access 10 is vertically communicated with the along-vein drift 9. The width of the horizontal access 10 is 4 m, which is narrower than the panel access and simultaneously less than the maximum safe span of the ore body. The stoping mode of the horizontal layer stoping structure includes: constructing the along-vein drift 9 along the ore body strike, and then stoping the horizontal access 10 in the form of every other one, and specifically, stoping the horizontal access 10 from both ends of the along-vein drift 9 to the middle direction in the form of every other one, and stoping the ore body from both sides to the middle direction, so that the middle ore section which is not stoped can be used as a middle pillar to provide stability support for the ore body stoping in the process of stoping, and the safety of the ore body stoping is improved.

[0032] As shown in Figure 3 , the filling structures in the upper loop-shaped surrounding stoping structure and the lower horizontal layer stoping structure are staggered, and this combination mode can provide more directional support for the ore body stoping, which not only helps to maintain the stability of the filling body, but also effectively controls the stress change of the stope surrounding rock.

[0033] The application is further illustrated by taking the upper -140M subsection test stope and the surrounding area of Sanshandao Xinli mining area as an example. The upper -140M subsection test stope of Sanshandao Xinli mining area belongs to 109-113 exploration line, and the elevation is -147.225m to -132.225m. The ore body is 70 degrees in strike, 50-55 degrees in dip, and southeast in tendency. The ore body is produced in pyrite phyllic cataclastic rock and pyrite phyllic granitic cataclastic rock, and the mineralization type is disseminated, veinlet and vein. The hanging wall of the ore body is phyllic granitic cataclastic rock, and the footwall of the ore body is pyrite phyllic granitic cataclastic rock and granite. The pyritization is weak, and most of them are vein mineralization. The average grade of the ore is 3.25g / t. The rock of the hanging wall is mylonitized, the rock is relatively broken, the joint structure in the ore body is well developed, and the rock stability is poor.

[0034] According to the engineering geological occurrence of the -140M subsection 109-113 line ore body of Sanshandao Xinli mining area, combined with the upward horizontal slicing filling mining method currently used in the mining area, the slicing cross stoping type seabed upward horizontal slicing drift filling mining method provided by the application is used for ore body stoping, and the main measures are as follows:

[0035] 1. Preparation

[0036] The preparation engineering of the -140M subsection 109-113 line ore body of Sanshandao Xinli mining area mainly includes subsection roadway 1, mining association 2, air shaft 3, stope chute 4, chute connecting road 5, etc. The subsection roadway 1 and the mining association 2 are constructed along the extension direction of the -140M subsection roadway 1 which has been constructed, and the specifications of the subsection roadway 1 and the mining association 2 are both 3.6m×3.3m. The mining association 2 changes the layer by using the pressure top method, and the preparation engineering all uses the shovel truck to discharge slag. The specification of the chute connecting road 5 is 3.0m×3.0m, and the specification of the chute is 2.0m×2.0m. The -140M subsection height is 15m, the slicing height is 3m, and the average thickness of the ore body is 30m.

[0037] 2. Stoping

[0038] The stoping work is carried out from bottom to top according to slicing, and each slicing stoping operation is the same, including the main sequence of ore falling, support, ore transportation, filling, and pressure top operation. The specific stoping sequence is as follows:

[0039] As shown in Figure 1 , first, the first slicing 1# cross vein roadway 6 is constructed vertically to the ore body strike to the ore block stoping center, and then the ring inner approach 7, i.e. 2#-3# approach, is stoped in the retreating direction of the cross vein roadway 6 one by one. Then, the ring approach 8, i.e. 4#-6# approach, is stoped in the "return" shape from inside to outside in turn.

[0040] As shown in Figure 2As shown, after the first sublevel mining is completed, the mining association 2 changes the layer, constructs the second sublevel 1 along the vein, and then recovers the horizontal access 10 from the ends of the vein roadway 9 to the middle in the form of every other one, that is, the 2# access is recovered first, and then the 3# access is recovered; the 4# access in the middle is recovered last, and the 4# access is filled and closed after the recovery is completed.

[0041] As shown in FIG. 1, the first sublevel and the second sublevel are recovered in the form of the first sublevel and the second sublevel, respectively. Figure 3 As shown, after the recovery of the first sublevel and the second sublevel is completed, the remaining segmented ore body is continuously recovered in the form of the first sublevel and the second sublevel, that is, the third sublevel is designed in the form of the first sublevel, the fourth sublevel is designed in the form of the second sublevel, and the like.

[0042] In the above recovery process, other construction processes involved are as follows:

[0043] Process cycle: ventilation → flushing and brushing, water spraying and dust reduction, and float stone detection → rock drilling → blasting → ventilation → flushing and brushing, water spraying and dust reduction, and float stone detection → ore extraction (shovel loading and transportation) → ventilation

[0044] Rock drilling and blasting: YT type air leg rock drill is used for rock drilling, the hole depth is 2.0-2.5 m, waterproof emulsion explosive is used, and artificial charging is used; the initiation equipment is an initiator and a detonation tube, and the reverse initiation is used.

[0045] Ventilation: fresh air flow enters the stope working face from the-140 segment roadway 1 through the mining association 2, and after washing and brushing the working face, it is extracted to the air shaft 3 beside the mining association 2 through the local fan, and then flows into the mine air return system through the air return shaft 3.

[0046] Ore extraction: diesel shovel loader is used to transport the ore fallen from the working face to the-140 segment roadway 1 through the stope mining association 2 roadway to the lower disc of the shaft.

[0047] Filling: filling should be carried out in time after the ore recovery is completed, and the specific requirements are as follows: the rough stone excavated in the segment roadway 1 and the mining association 2 is filled back to the stope as much as possible before the stope filling to reduce the amount of tailings filling. The total filling height is 3 m (full roof contact), and the 1:4 ratio cemented roof contact filling is used during filling.

[0048] 3. Safety management

[0049] Steel support is used at the intersection of the mining association 2 and the access, the roof of the stope access is supported by horizontal wood support with a spacing of 3.5 m, the upper disc is temporarily protected by pipe and slot anchor rod in series with wood support, the wood support can be made of recycled waste wood, the length of the wood support is about 50 mm, the contact area can be increased, and the occurrence of slide accident can be warned.

[0050] Compared with the conventional upward horizontal slicing mining method, the mining method provided by the application can realize one-day three-shift cycle operation mode in a single stope, the monthly mining capacity can reach 1300 tons, the monthly mining capacity is improved, the annual production task of the mine is ensured to be completed, and economic benefits are increased.

[0051] The above is only an embodiment of the application, and does not limit the patent range of the application, and any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation using the content of the specification and drawings, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, is also included in the patent protection range of the application.

Claims

1. A layered cross-mining method for seabed upward horizontal layered approach backfilling mining, characterized in that, The ore block is divided into several segments, and each segment is further divided into several layers. A combination of a U-shaped encircling mining structure and a horizontal layered mining structure is used alternately from bottom to top to mine the ore body in the horizontal layers. The U-shaped encircling mining structure divides the ore block from the mining center outwards into multiple annular access routes centered on the mining center, with the diameter of each annular access route gradually increasing from the inside out. The U-shaped encircling mining structure includes a cross passage, an inner ring access route, and an annular access route. The inner ring access route is located inside the annular access route. The cross passage extends into the mining center of the ore block and connects with the inner ring access route. The approach and the ring approach are simultaneously connected; the mining method of the U-shaped encircling mining structure includes: constructing a cross-cutting roadway perpendicular to the ore body strike to the mining center of the ore block, and then mining from the mining center of the ore block outwards, that is, first mining the inner approach along the retreat direction of the cross-cutting roadway one by one, and then mining the ring approach sequentially from the inside out; the horizontal layered mining structure includes a cross-cutting roadway and a horizontal approach, and the horizontal approach is perpendicularly connected to the cross-cutting roadway; the mining method of the horizontal layered mining structure includes: constructing a cross-cutting roadway along the ore body strike, and mining the horizontal approach in an alternating mining manner from both ends of the cross-cutting roadway towards the middle; the inner approach and the ring approach are both mined simultaneously from the cross-cutting roadway to both sides.

2. The layered cross-mining method for seabed upward horizontal layered backfilling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner ring approach is perpendicular to the through-vein alley, and the annular approach is arranged from the inside to the outside around the inner ring approach.

3. The layered cross-mining method for seabed upward horizontal layered backfilling mining according to claim 2, characterized in that, The minimum circular route length is greater than the mining route length along the block direction and also greater than the mining route length perpendicular to the block direction.

4. The layered cross-mining method for seabed upward horizontal layered backfilling mining according to claim 2, characterized in that, The circular approach is arranged to extend and encircle the boundary line of the ore body.

5. The layered cross-mining method for seabed upward horizontal layered backfilling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The approach width in the U-shaped surrounding mining structure and the approach width in the horizontal layered mining structure are both smaller than the approach width in the panel area.

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