Simulation system for response of surrounding rock to mine earthquake and its influence on above / underground buildings and method of using the same

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of surrounding rock to mine earthquake response and its influence on aboveground / underground building simulation system and its use method.For filling the blank of prior art, the present application includes foundation pit, simulation test box, programmable controller and memory, the bottom of foundation pit is equipped with two vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinder, the vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinder is equipped with vibration platform, longitudinal or transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinder is respectively arranged between the side wall of foundation pit and vibration platform, vibration platform is further equipped with four composite baffle, each stainless steel plate lower edge is hinged with the adjacent side of vibration platform, to form the simulation test box, the upper portion of the simulation test box is further sleeved with binding rope, multiple layers of similar material simulation roadway, ground building, underground space unit can be placed in the simulation test box and is provided with multiple sensors connected with programmable controller.The present application relates to a kind of surrounding rock to mine earthquake response and its influence on aboveground / underground building simulation system and its use method, which is suitable for mine earthquake damage research, early warning and prevention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a simulation system for the response of surrounding rock to seismic events and its impact on above-ground / underground structures, as well as a method for using such a system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the continuous increase in mining depth, the frequency of high-energy mine earthquakes has increased dramatically. The occurrence of high-energy mine earthquakes not only affects the ground, causing damage to building foundations and affecting people's normal production and life, but also causes roadway deformation, accelerated collapse and deformation of overlying strata in goaf areas, and even induces rock burst accidents at the working face. Therefore, it is particularly urgent and important to study the complex effects of seismic loads on underground roadways, chambers, goaf areas, and surface structures in mines.

[0003] However, there is currently no simulation experimental device to simulate the response of surrounding rock under vibration load disturbance. The impact of far-field vibration on surrounding rock is still at the stage of pure theory and field observation. There is a lack of equipment and basic conditions for repeated experiments in the laboratory. Related patents are only limited to the implementation of simple instantaneous disturbance simulation in a certain part of the mine and the technology or equipment for obtaining data on site. There are few devices and methods for simulating the mechanical response of far-field vibration in various parts of the mine in the laboratory.

[0004] In actual coal mine production, when mine shafts are affected by mine tremors, the roadways and chambers are in a complex state where multiple factors such as energy, wave, and force interact. Therefore, conducting similar physical simulation studies presents the following challenges:

[0005] (1) Existing simulation devices cannot achieve similar simulations that closely resemble engineering realities. Most laboratories are not equipped with vibration tables. Vibration tables in the field of disaster prevention science are large in scale and have excessively high vibration frequencies. It is technically difficult to achieve simulation experiments with small scale, small volume, and high energy. It consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, takes a long time, and the experimental results are greatly affected by accidental factors, often failing to meet the requirements.

[0006] (2) Existing simulation devices are generally horizontal platform bases and fixed vertical baffles, which cannot achieve similar simulation of specific tilt angles and special geological structures.

[0007] A review of numerous related studies revealed that structures with rigid shells on shaking tables are highly susceptible to abnormal stress changes, which can cause damage to research practices that is not part of the experimental effect, thus affecting the experimental results. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to fill the above-mentioned gaps in the prior art and provide a simulation system and method for simulating the response of surrounding rock to seismic events and its impact on above-ground / underground buildings.

[0009] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this simulation system for the seismic response of surrounding rock to mine seismic events and its impact on above-ground / underground structures is characterized by: comprising a foundation pit, a simulation test chamber, a programmable logic controller (PLC), and a memory. The foundation pit has a square horizontal cross-section, and two vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinders are installed at the bottom of the pit. A vibration platform is mounted on each vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinder. Longitudinal or transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinders are respectively installed between the pit sidewall and the vibration platform. All vertical, longitudinal, and transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinders are connected to a hydraulic pump via an electro-hydraulic valve assembly. The electro-hydraulic valve assembly is connected to and controlled by the control signal output terminal of the PLC. The PLC is connected to a display and a memory.

[0010] The vibration platform is also equipped with four composite baffles. The outer side of each composite baffle is a stainless steel plate, and the inner side of the stainless steel plate is covered with a rubber layer. The lower edge of each stainless steel plate is connected to the adjacent side of the vibration platform through a hinge mechanism. The vibration platform and the four composite baffles above it form the simulation test chamber. The upper part of the simulation test chamber is also covered with binding ropes. Multiple layers of similar materials can be placed inside the simulation test chamber. The multiple layers of similar materials are similar materials corresponding to the strata of the area where the coal mine to be simulated is located, calculated according to existing technology. Simulated roadway units, simulated surface building units, and simulated underground space units are respectively set at the corresponding positions of the multiple layers of similar materials. Sensors are arranged at the corresponding positions of the simulated roadway units, simulated surface building units, and simulated underground space units. The sensors include vibration wave collection sensors, stress sensors, and strain sensors. The sensors are connected to the signal input terminal of the programmable controller.

[0011] Compared with other existing technologies, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0012] (1) A similar simulation experiment of the far-field vibration effect in a small mining area in the laboratory was realized, which reduced the requirements for site, equipment and funds for this type of experiment.

[0013] (2) The “boundary effect” is weakened as much as possible. The simulated boundary under vibration is prone to abnormal stress changes and other boundary effects. This invention solves this problem by using a composite baffle. First, the outermost stainless steel baffle ensures the rigidity and protection requirements of the entire baffle. The inner rubber layer can weaken the transmission of vibration and the distribution of pressure. At the same time, a vibration sensor can be added between the two to monitor the boundary vibration wave in real time and feed it back to the programmable controller to adjust the three waves of the vibration generator in a timely manner.

[0014] (3) The lower edges of the four composite baffles of the present invention are connected to the vibration platform by hinges, which can realize the requirements of simulation of non-perpendicular boundaries or other special areas in special coal mine special engineering. At the same time, the vibration platform can also be tilted at a certain angle to meet the requirements of mine simulation with tilt angle.

[0015] (4) For the test structure modules commonly used in the simulation experiments of this device, such as roadways, chambers, ground buildings and goaf areas, data sensors are pre-deployed in their key and special locations to form special structural elements. Before the experiment, it is only necessary to check whether the data sensors are working properly, and they can be flexibly used according to the experimental requirements, which greatly shortens the experimental preparation time. The target determination of the structural elements is also easier to deduce the problem when the experiment has errors.

[0016] As an optimization, the foundation pit is a hardened cement pit with a length of 300cm, a width of 240cm, and a depth of 50cm. Practice has proven that a foundation pit with the above dimensions can meet the requirements.

[0017] As an optimization, the vibration platform is 240cm long, 180cm wide, and 20cm thick. Practice has proven that this design ensures a good fit between the vibration platform and the foundation pit.

[0018] As an optimization, the total thickness of the simulation test chamber should not exceed 150cm. This design, in practice, has proven to result in a small volume and good performance.

[0019] As an optimization, a constant-temperature airbag is also provided within the simulated underground space unit. The sensors also include a pressure sensor, which is located inside the constant-temperature airbag and connected to the signal input terminal of the programmable controller. This design creatively utilizes a constant-temperature airbag and its internal pressure sensor to simulate the movement trend and stress changes of the surrounding rock in a goaf under disturbance conditions, making the simulation more scientific and convenient.

[0020] The method of using the aforementioned simulation system for the response of surrounding rock to seismic events and its impact on above-ground / underground structures includes the following steps:

[0021] ①. Based on the geological distribution, number, shape, and size of roadways, surface buildings, and underground spaces in the area where the coal mine to be simulated is located, prepare a corresponding number of simulated roadway units, simulated surface building units, and simulated underground space units, and install sensors at the corresponding positions of the above units. The above sensors include vibration wave collection sensors, stress sensors, and strain sensors.

[0022] ②. Based on the geological composition, sequence, and thickness of each layer of the strata in the area where the coal mine to be simulated is located, calculate the composition, sequence, and thickness of each layer of the multi-layer similar material using existing methods;

[0023] ③. Prepare a simulation system for the aforementioned surrounding rock's response to seismic activity and its impact on above-ground / underground structures:

[0024] Prepare the bottom layer of similar material calculated in step ②, place it between the four composite baffles above the vibration platform, flatten and compact it to form the bottom layer of similar material.

[0025] Then, prepare the second-lower layer similar material calculated in step 2; spread it evenly on the lowest layer similar material between the four composite baffles to form the second-lower layer similar material.

[0026] ...

[0027] Finally, prepare the top layer of similar material calculated in step 2; spread it evenly on the next uppermost similar material between the four composite baffles to form the top layer of similar material.

[0028] During the process of laying each layer of similar materials, when laying to the corresponding position, according to the distribution quantity and location of roadways and underground spaces in the strata of the coal mine to be simulated, the simulated roadway units and simulated underground space units obtained in step ① are taken and placed in the corresponding positions respectively;

[0029] ④. After laying the top layer of similar material, take the simulated ground building unit obtained in step ① and place it in the corresponding position of the top layer of similar material. The bottom of the simulated ground building unit used to simulate a high-rise building with pile foundation should be buried to the corresponding depth of the top layer of similar material.

[0030] ⑤. Manually operate the vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinder and / or the longitudinal servo vibration hydraulic cylinder and / or the transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinder, or automatically control the vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinder and / or the longitudinal servo vibration hydraulic cylinder and / or the transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinder through the programmable controller to simulate mine vibration and apply corresponding instantaneous directional vibration to the vibration platform. As needed, connect each sensor to the programmable controller, collect the corresponding induction signal caused by the instantaneous directional vibration through each sensor, input it into the programmable controller, and the programmable controller analyzes and compares the above signal data and stores it in the memory.

[0031] This design more closely resembles the geological structure of the strata in the area where the coal mine to be simulated is located, resulting in more realistic data that is beneficial for the research, early warning, and prevention of mine-induced seismic damage.

[0032] The present invention provides a simulation system and method for the response of surrounding rock to mine seismic events and its impact on above-ground / underground buildings. The system is simple in structure, easy to use, and suitable for research, early warning, and prevention of mine seismic damage. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, further illustrates the simulation system for the response of surrounding rock to seismic events and its impact on above-ground / underground structures, as well as its usage method:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the foundation pit, the vibration platform, and the composite baffle and other components in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the simulated tunnel unit and its sensors in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sensor on the simulated ground building unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the simulated underground space unit and its sensors in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the composite baffle, the multiple similar materials, and the simulation unit and sensor therein in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0039] In the diagram: 1 is the foundation pit, 2 is the simulation test chamber, 3 is the programmable controller, 4 is the display, 5 is the vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinder, 6 is the vibration platform, 7 is the longitudinal servo vibration hydraulic cylinder, 8 is the transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinder, 9 is the composite baffle, 91 is the stainless steel plate, 92 is the rubber layer, 10 is the hinge mechanism, 11 is the binding rope, 12 is the multi-layer similar material, 13 is the simulated tunnel unit, 14 is the simulated ground building unit, 15 is the simulated underground space unit, 16 is the sensor, 161 is the pressure sensor, and 17 is the constant temperature airbag. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Implementation method one: such as Figure 1-4 As shown, the simulation system for the response of surrounding rock to seismic events and its impact on above-ground / underground structures is characterized by comprising: a foundation pit 1, a simulation test chamber 2, a programmable controller 3, a display 4, and a memory (not shown in the figure). The horizontal cross-section of the foundation pit 1 is square. Two vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinders 5 are provided at the bottom of the foundation pit 1. A vibration platform 6 is provided on the vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinder 5. A longitudinal servo vibration hydraulic cylinder 7 or a transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinder 8 is provided between the side wall of the foundation pit 1 and the vibration platform 6, respectively. All vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinders 5, longitudinal servo vibration hydraulic cylinders 7, and transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinders 8 are connected to a hydraulic pump (not shown in the figure) through an electro-hydraulic valve group (not shown in the figure). The electro-hydraulic valve group is connected to the control signal output terminal of the programmable controller 3 and is controlled by it. The programmable controller 3 is connected to the display 4 and the memory.

[0041] The vibration platform 6 is also equipped with four composite baffles 9. The outer side of each composite baffle 9 is a stainless steel plate 91, and the inner side of the stainless steel plate 91 is covered with a rubber layer 92 (preferably foamed rubber). The lower edge of each stainless steel plate 91 is connected to the adjacent side of the vibration platform 6 through a hinge mechanism 10. The vibration platform 6 and the four composite baffles 9 above it form the simulation test chamber 2. The upper part of the simulation test chamber 2 is also covered with a binding rope 11 (preferably steel wire rope). Multiple layers of similar materials 12 can be placed inside the simulation test chamber 2. The multiple layers of similar materials 12 are similar materials corresponding to the strata of the area where the coal mine to be simulated is located, calculated according to the existing technology. At the corresponding positions of the multiple layers of similar materials 12, there are simulated roadway units 13, simulated surface building units 14, and simulated underground space units 15. Sensors 16 are arranged at the corresponding positions of the simulated roadway units 13, simulated surface building units 14, and simulated underground space units 15. The sensors 16 include vibration wave collection sensors, stress sensors, and strain sensors. The sensors 16 are connected to the signal input terminal of the programmable controller 3.

[0042] The foundation pit 1 is a hardened cement pit with a length of 300cm, a width of 240cm, and a depth of 50cm. The vibration platform 6 is 240cm long, 180cm wide, and 20cm thick, and is made of Q235 carbon structural steel. The total thickness of the simulation test chamber 2 shall not exceed 150cm.

[0043] Implementation Method Two: (e.g.) Figure 5 As shown, the simulated underground space unit 15 is also equipped with a thermostatic airbag 17. The sensor 16 also includes a pressure sensor 161, which is disposed inside the thermostatic airbag 17. The pressure sensor 161 is connected to the signal input terminal of the programmable controller 3. The remaining structure is as described in Embodiment 1, and is omitted. The thermostatic airbag 17 can be found in CN212148270U or CN2873542Y.

[0044] The method of using the aforementioned simulation system for the response of surrounding rock to seismic events and its impact on above-ground / underground structures includes the following steps:

[0045] ①. Based on the geological distribution, number, shape, and size of roadways, surface buildings, and underground spaces in the area where the coal mine to be simulated is located, prepare a corresponding number of simulated roadway units 13, simulated surface building units 14, and simulated underground space units 15, and install sensors 16 at the corresponding positions of the above units. The sensors 16 include vibration wave collection sensors, stress sensors, and strain sensors.

[0046] ②. Based on the geological composition, sequence and thickness of each layer of the strata in the area where the coal mine to be simulated is located, calculate the composition, sequence and thickness of each layer of the multi-layer similar material 12 according to existing methods;

[0047] ③. Prepare a simulation system for the aforementioned surrounding rock's response to seismic activity and its impact on above-ground / underground structures:

[0048] Prepare the bottom layer similar material 12 calculated in step ②, place it between the four composite baffles 9 above the vibration platform, flatten and compact it to form the bottom layer similar material 12.

[0049] Then, prepare the second-lower similar material 12 calculated in step ②; spread it evenly on the lowest similar material 12 between the four composite baffles 9 to form the second-lower similar material 12.

[0050] ...

[0051] Finally, prepare the top layer similar material 12 calculated in step ②; spread it evenly on the next upper layer similar material 12 between the four composite baffles 9 to form the top layer similar material 12.

[0052] During the process of laying each layer of similar material 12, when laying to the corresponding position, according to the distribution quantity and position of roadways and underground spaces in the strata of the area where the coal mine to be simulated is located, the simulated roadway unit 13 and simulated underground space unit 15 obtained in step ① are placed at the corresponding positions respectively.

[0053] ④. After laying the top layer of similar material 12, take the simulated ground building unit 14 obtained in step ① and place it in the corresponding position of the top layer of similar material. The bottom of the simulated ground building unit 14 used to simulate a high-rise building with pile foundation should be buried at the corresponding depth of the top layer of similar material 12.

[0054] ⑤. Manually operate the vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinder 5 and / or the longitudinal servo vibration hydraulic cylinder 7 and / or the transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinder 8, or automatically control the vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinder 5 and / or the longitudinal servo vibration hydraulic cylinder 7 and / or the transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinder 8 through the programmable controller 3 to simulate mine vibration and apply corresponding instantaneous directional vibration to the vibration platform 6. As needed, connect each sensor 16 to the programmable controller 3, collect the corresponding induction signal caused by the instantaneous directional vibration through each sensor 16, input it into the programmable controller 3, and have the programmable controller 3 analyze and compare the above signal data and store it in the memory.

[0055] Note: For the existing method described in step ②, please refer to:

[0056] 1. "Experimental Study on Similar Material Proportioning for Simulated Coal and Gas Outbursts" published in the June 2015 issue of Coal Science and Technology, Vol. 43, No. 6;

[0057] 2. The paper "Experimental Study on the Proportioning of Similar Materials for Mining No. 3 Coal Seam in Shiquan Mine" published in the August 2018 issue (Volume 37, Issue 08) of "Coal Technology";

[0058] 3. The "Similar Material Proportioning Test for Coal Mine Overburden" published in the 9th issue of "Inner Mongolia Coal Economy" in May 2019;

[0059] 4. Existing technologies such as the "Review of Similar Material Simulation Research on Deformation and Failure of Coal Seam Floor" published in Volume 32, Issue 6 of the Journal of Tangshan University in November 2019.

Claims

1. A simulation system for the response of surrounding rock to seismic activity and its impact on above-ground / underground structures, characterized in that: The system includes a foundation pit, a simulation test chamber, a programmable logic controller (PLC), a display, and a memory. The foundation pit has a square horizontal cross-section. Two vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinders are installed at the bottom of the pit, each supporting a vibration platform. Longitudinal or transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinders are installed between the pit sidewalls and the vibration platform. All vertical, longitudinal, and transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinders are connected to a hydraulic pump via an electro-hydraulic valve assembly. The electro-hydraulic valve assembly is connected to and controlled by the control signal output of the PLC. The PLC is connected to the display and memory. The vibration platform also has four composite baffles. Each composite baffle has a stainless steel plate on its outer side and a rubber layer on its inner side. The lower edge of each stainless steel plate is connected to an adjacent side of the vibration platform via a hinge mechanism. The vibration platform and the four baffles above it... The composite baffle forms the simulation test chamber, which is also fitted with binding ropes on the top. Multiple layers of similar materials can be placed inside the chamber. These multiple layers of similar materials are calculated according to existing technology to correspond to the various strata of the area where the simulated coal mine is located. Simulated roadway units, simulated surface building units, and simulated underground space units are respectively located at corresponding positions of these multiple layers of similar materials. Sensors are arranged at corresponding positions of these simulated roadway units, simulated surface building units, and simulated underground space units. These sensors include vibration wave collection sensors, stress sensors, and strain sensors. These sensors are connected to the signal input terminal of a programmable controller. The foundation pit is a hardened cement foundation pit with a length of 300cm, a width of 240cm, and a depth of 50cm. A constant temperature airbag is also provided inside the simulated underground space unit. The sensor also includes a pressure sensor, which is disposed inside the thermostatic airbag and is connected to the signal input terminal of the programmable controller.

2. The simulation system for the response of surrounding rock to seismic activity and its impact on above-ground / underground structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration platform is 240cm long, 180cm wide, and 20cm thick.

3. The simulation system for the response of surrounding rock to seismic activity and its impact on above-ground / underground structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total thickness of the simulation test chamber shall not exceed 150cm.

4. A method of using the simulation system for the response of surrounding rock to seismic events and its impact on above-ground / underground structures as described in any one of claims 1-3, comprising the following steps: ①. Based on the geological distribution, number, shape, and size of roadways, surface buildings, and underground spaces in the area where the coal mine to be simulated is located, prepare a corresponding number of simulated roadway units, simulated surface building units, and simulated underground space units, and install sensors at the corresponding positions of the above units. The above sensors include vibration wave collection sensors, stress sensors, and strain sensors. ②. Based on the geological composition, sequence, and thickness of each layer of the strata in the area where the coal mine to be simulated is located, calculate the composition, sequence, and thickness of each layer of the multi-layer similar material using existing methods; ③. Prepare a simulation system for the response of the surrounding rock to seismic activity as described in any one of claims 1-3 and its impact on above-ground / underground structures: Prepare the bottom layer of similar material calculated in step ②, place it between the four composite baffles above the vibration platform, flatten and compact it to form the bottom layer of similar material. Then prepare the similar material for the next lower layer calculated in step ②; Lay it flat on the bottom layer of similar material between the four composite baffles to form the next lower layer of similar material; …… Finally, the top layer of similar material calculated in step ② is prepared. Spread it evenly on the second-upper similar material between the four composite baffles to form the uppermost similar material; During the process of laying each layer of similar materials, when laying to the corresponding position, according to the distribution quantity and location of roadways and underground spaces in the strata of the coal mine to be simulated, the simulated roadway units and simulated underground space units obtained in step ① are taken and placed in the corresponding positions respectively; ④. After laying the top layer of similar material, take the simulated ground building unit obtained in step ① and place it in the corresponding position of the top layer of similar material. The bottom of the simulated ground building unit used to simulate a high-rise building with pile foundation should be buried to the corresponding depth of the top layer of similar material. ⑤. Manually operate the vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinder and / or the longitudinal servo vibration hydraulic cylinder and / or the transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinder, or automatically control the vertical servo vibration hydraulic cylinder and / or the longitudinal servo vibration hydraulic cylinder and / or the transverse servo vibration hydraulic cylinder through the programmable controller to simulate mine vibration and apply corresponding instantaneous directional vibration to the vibration platform. As needed, connect each sensor to the programmable controller, collect the corresponding induction signal caused by the instantaneous directional vibration through each sensor, input it into the programmable controller, and have the programmable controller analyze and compare the above signal data and store it in the memory.

Images