A displacement amplification type self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a displacement-amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device and method, comprising an upper composite steel plate, a lower composite steel plate, a displacement-amplifying gear set and an SMA self-resetting composite device; the upper composite steel plate and the lower composite steel plate are inserted into each other and can be displaced axially, and a viscoelastic material cushion layer is filled between the side walls of the upper composite steel plate and the lower composite steel plate; when the device is subjected to small vibrations, the viscoelastic material cushion layer undergoes shear deformation to absorb and consume vibration energy, while the SMA rod and SMA wire undergo tensile deformation to provide the device with self-resetting ability; when the vibration is large, the viscoelastic material cushion layer undergoes shear deformation to consume energy, and the SMA material undergoes elongation deformation under large-scale displacement, consuming energy together with the viscoelastic material block while providing the device with self-resetting ability; while consuming earthquake energy, the composite vibration damping device provides the structure with greater "toughness", helps to improve the number of vibration resistance and vibration resistance life of the structure, and promotes the development of "tough" cities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of self-resetting and composite vibration reduction technology, and in particular to a displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration reduction device and method. Background Art

[0002] The structural safety requirements for various building types have evolved from initially requiring "rigid" structures to currently requiring "ductile" structures. With the advancement of building structure technology, future structural requirements have evolved to require "tough" structures, necessitating the use of various technical means to impart structural "toughness." Current designs for vibration damping devices primarily prioritize "ductility," emphasizing the structure's shock absorption and energy dissipation performance, supplemented by its recovery performance. However, in areas prone to minor earthquakes, the shock absorption and energy dissipation performance of most vibration damping devices is not fully realized, and their self-restoration capabilities are also weak. Repeated minor earthquakes can damage these weak self-restoration capabilities, preventing them from recovering to full working order. This inability to provide sufficient structural "toughness" can lead to damage and failure in subsequent earthquakes. Therefore, improving the self-restoration performance of vibration damping devices and imparting sufficient structural "toughness" is a critical issue for future building safety.

[0003] Among passive vibration damping devices, viscoelastic dampers have become a mainstream research topic, relying on the excellent energy dissipation and cost-effectiveness of their viscoelastic materials. Viscoelastic materials, mostly polymers, possess both excellent elasticity and good viscosity. Through processes such as vulcanization, they can be firmly bonded between steel plates, providing the viscoelastic damper with excellent energy dissipation capacity during shear deformation. While the performance of viscoelastic dampers is relatively stable, they can degrade under repeated loading with large deformations, resulting in a reduction in their energy dissipation capacity.

[0004] In view of the above situation, it is necessary to develop a displacement amplified self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration reduction device so that it has good energy dissipation capacity and self-resetting performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device, which is designed mainly based on "toughness" and has good energy dissipation capacity and self-resetting performance.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device, comprising an upper composite steel plate, a lower composite steel plate, a displacement amplifying gear set and an SMA self-resetting composite device;

[0008] The upper composite steel plate and the lower composite steel plate are inserted into each other and can be displaced in the axial direction, and a plurality of viscoelastic material pads are filled between the side walls of the upper composite steel plate and the lower composite steel plate;

[0009] The SMA self-resetting composite device includes a restraining steel plate, an SMA rod, an SMA wire, a force transmission slider and a force transmission steel bar;

[0010] The constraint steel plate is fixed to the outer wall of the upper composite steel plate, and the constraint steel plate is provided with two slide grooves at intervals along the displacement direction. The two force transmission sliders are correspondingly arranged in the two slide grooves. The two ends of multiple SMA rods are fixedly connected to the two force transmission sliders. The force transmission steel bar is located between the two force transmission sliders. The two ends of the force transmission steel bar are in contact with the force transmission sliders. The two ends of the force transmission steel bar are provided with guide extension sections. The guide extension sections pass through the force transmission sliders. The force transmission steel bar is meshed and connected to the upper composite steel plate through a displacement amplification gear set. One end of the SMA wire is connected to the displacement amplification gear set, and the other end is connected to the upper composite steel plate.

[0011] Preferably, both ends of the force transmission slider extend horizontally out of the slide slot, and both ends of the two force transmission sliders are respectively connected by a plurality of SMA rods.

[0012] Preferably, the displacement amplifying gear set includes a rack, and a coaxially fixed large gear and small gear;

[0013] Racks are provided on the side walls of the force transmission steel bar and the lower composite steel plate. The two racks are arranged parallel to the displacement direction of the upper composite steel plate. The large gear and the small gear are arranged on the outer side wall of the upper composite steel plate through the rotating shaft. The small gear is engaged with the rack of the lower composite steel plate, and the large gear is engaged with the rack of the force transmission steel bar.

[0014] Preferably, the lower composite steel plate includes a lower base plate and a plurality of sleeves arranged on its top surface. The plurality of sleeves are distributed along a rectangular interval and extend upward. Two laterally adjacent sleeves are connected by a transverse steel plate. The rack is arranged on the side wall of the sleeve, and the tooth sleeves of the two laterally adjacent sleeves are arranged relative to each other.

[0015] Preferably, the upper composite steel plate includes an upper base plate and a plurality of interlocking steel plates arranged on its bottom surface, each interlocking steel plate is respectively arranged in the sleeve and between adjacent sleeves, and a plurality of viscoelastic material pads are respectively fixed between each interlocking steel plate and the sleeve.

[0016] Preferably, the end face of the displacement amplification gear set is provided with a plurality of concentrically sleeved circular rings, a plurality of anchor points are evenly distributed on the circular rings, the ends of the plurality of SMA wires are fixed to different anchor points, the other ends of the plurality of SMA wires are connected to a plurality of force transmission steel plates, and the plurality of force transmission steel plates are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the displacement amplification gear set and fixed to the side walls of the upper composite steel plate.

[0017] Preferably, the end of the SMA rod is connected to the force transmission slider via a nut, and a scale line is provided on the end of the SMA rod for controlling the prestress of the SMA rod.

[0018] Preferably, the length of the guide extension section of the force transmission steel bar is the same as the length of the slide groove.

[0019] Preferably, the two force-transmitting sliding blocks are respectively in contact with one end of the two sliding grooves that are close to each other.

[0020] A vibration reduction method for a displacement amplified self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration reduction device.

[0021] When the upper and lower composite steel plates are subjected to a small amplitude vibration displacement, the viscoelastic material cushion between the upper and lower composite steel plates undergoes shear deformation, consuming vibration energy. The displacement amplification gear set rotates to cause the SMA wire and SMA rod to extend and deform, providing self-resetting capability to the composite shock-absorbing device.

[0022] When the upper and lower composite steel plates are subjected to large-scale vibration displacement, the viscoelastic material cushion layer undergoes shear deformation, and the displacement amplification gear set rotates to cause the SMA wire and SMA rod to undergo elongation and deformation during the large-scale displacement, and consume energy together with multiple viscoelastic material cushion layers, while providing self-resetting capability to the composite shock-absorbing device.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0024] The present invention provides a displacement-amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device, comprising an upper composite steel plate, a lower composite steel plate, a displacement-amplifying gear set and an SMA self-resetting composite device. The upper composite steel plate and the lower composite steel plate are interlocked with each other, and a viscoelastic material cushion layer is filled between the side walls, so that the upper composite steel plate and the lower composite steel plate are mutually constrained in the lateral direction and can only undergo relative displacement in the axial direction, thereby playing a role in instability protection; the SMA self-resetting composite device comprises a plurality of SMA wires and SMA rods working simultaneously, and all SMA materials are subjected to tensile deformation when the device undergoes axial displacement, thereby ensuring the normal operation of its self-resetting ability; when the composite vibration damping device is subjected to a small amplitude vibration displacement, the viscoelastic material blocks in each interlayer of the upper composite steel plate and the lower composite steel plate undergo shear deformation, absorbing and consuming vibration energy The upper composite steel plate and the lower composite steel plate undergo relative displacement under vibration and drive the displacement amplifying gear set, so that the SMA rod and SMA wire are tensilely deformed, providing the device with self-resetting ability; when the vibration is large, the viscoelastic material blocks in each interlayer of the upper composite steel plate and the lower composite steel plate undergo shear deformation to consume energy. At the same time, the SMA rod and SMA wire undergo elongation deformation under large displacement, and consume energy together with the viscoelastic material blocks, while providing the device with self-resetting ability. While consuming seismic energy, the composite vibration reduction device provides greater "toughness" for the structure, which helps to improve the number of vibration resistance and vibration resistance life of the structure. Compared with other existing SMA-viscoelastic composite dampers, this composite vibration reduction device has good self-resetting performance and device toughness while having better energy dissipation capacity.

[0025] Furthermore, by controlling the diameter of the SMA rod and the anchor point position of the SMA wire and the displacement amplification gear set, the self-resetting performance of the composite vibration damping device can be adjusted. For example, under working conditions where excessive self-resetting performance is not required, a small-diameter SMA rod can be used, and the SMA wire can be constrained on a smaller ring in the displacement amplification gear set, thereby reducing the self-resetting performance of the device.

[0026] Furthermore, scale lines are provided at both ends of the SMA rod. When the nut is pre-tightened, the prestress of the SMA rod is adjusted according to the distance between the scale lines at both ends so as to achieve the performance required by the working condition. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall structure of the displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure installation of the SMA self-resetting composite device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the inner structure installation of the SMA self-resetting composite device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the composite steel plate of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the composite steel plate of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1 upper composite steel plate, 2 lower composite steel plate, 3 viscoelastic material cushion layer I, 4 force transmission steel plate, 5 constraint steel plate, 6 anchor I, 7 SMA wire I, 8 anchor II, 9 rotating steel ring I, 10 rotating steel ring II, 11 displacement amplifying gear set, 12 force transmission steel bar, 13 SMA rod, 14 force transmission slider, 15 pre-tightening nut, 16 SMA wire II, 17 viscoelastic material cushion layer II, 18 viscoelastic material cushion layer III. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are intended to explain rather than limit the present invention.

[0035] See Figure 1-6 A displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite shock absorbing device comprises an upper composite steel plate 1, a lower composite steel plate 2, a displacement amplifying gear set and an SMA self-resetting composite device.

[0036] The upper composite steel plate 1 and the lower composite steel plate 2 are inserted into each other and can be displaced axially, and a viscoelastic material cushion layer is filled between the side walls of the upper composite steel plate 1 and the lower composite steel plate 2; the SMA self-resetting composite device includes a constraint steel plate 5, an SMA rod 13, a force transmission slider 14 and a force transmission steel bar 12; the constraint steel plate 5 is fixed to the outer wall of the upper composite steel plate 1, and the constraint steel plate 5 is coaxially spaced along the displacement direction. Two slide grooves are arranged, and the two force transmission sliders 14 are correspondingly arranged in the two slide grooves. Multiple SMA rods 13 are arranged between the two force transmission sliders 14, and the two ends of the SMA rod 13 are respectively fixed to the two force transmission sliders 14. The force transmission steel bar 12 is located between the two force transmission sliders 14, and the two ends of the force transmission steel bar 12 abut against the force transmission slider 14. Guide extension sections are provided at both ends of the force transmission steel bar 12, and the guide extension sections pass through the force transmission slider 14. The force transmission steel bar 12 is meshed and connected with the upper composite steel plate through a displacement amplification gear set.

[0037] The displacement amplifying gear set 11 includes a large gear and a small gear arranged coaxially. Racks are provided on the lower composite steel plate 2 and the force transmission steel bar 12. The large gear and the small gear are arranged on the side wall of the composite steel plate 1 through a rotating shaft. The small gear is engaged with the rack of the lower composite steel plate, and the large gear is engaged with the rack of the force transmission steel bar 12. When the upper composite steel plate 1 and the lower composite steel plate 2 undergo relative displacement, when the displacement amplifying rotary gear set 11 rotates and displaces between the upper composite steel plate 1 and the lower composite steel plate 2, the opposite rotation of the displacement amplifying rotary gear set 11 in any direction will push the force transmission steel bar 12 in the displacement direction, thereby causing the SMA rod 13 to elongate and deform to consume energy.

[0038] The displacement amplifying gear set 11 is also provided with an SMA wire energy-consuming structure, which includes SMA wire I7, SMA wire II16, a force transmission steel plate 4, a rotating steel ring I9 and a rotating steel ring II10. Two force transmission steel plates 4 are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the displacement amplifying gear set 11. The force transmission steel plate 4 is welded to the lower composite steel plate. Anchor I6 is provided on the force transmission steel plate 4. The rotating steel ring I9 and the rotating steel ring II10 are concentrically welded to the end face of the large gear from the inside to the outside. Multiple anchors II8 are evenly distributed on the circumference of the rotating steel ring I9 and the rotating steel ring II10. The force transmission steel plate is connected to the rotating steel ring II10 through the SMA wire I7, and the two large gears are connected through the SMA wire II16.

[0039] The rotating steel ring I9 and the rotating steel ring 10 are both welded on the end face of the displacement amplifying rotary tooth, and the rotating steel ring I, the rotating steel ring I9 and the rotating steel ring 10 are both welded with anchor II8. According to the amplification factor and self-resetting ability required by the working conditions, the SMA wire I7 can be anchored on the anchor II8 of the rotating steel ring I9 and the rotating steel ring 10 with different radii.

[0040] The rotating steel ring on the displacement amplifying rotary gear group 11 can be designed and installed according to the working conditions. The rotating steel ring 9 and the rotating steel ring 10 of this design example can be used as reference examples. The SMA wire Ⅰ7 and the SMA wire Ⅱ16 can also be replaced by wires with elastic recovery force, but their energy consumption effect and self-resetting performance will be changed. The diameter of the SMA wire can be designed to be between 0.2 and 3.0 mm, and the diameter of the SMA rod can be designed to be between 6 mm and 30 mm. The anchor Ⅰ6 and the anchor Ⅱ8 should be on the same plane to ensure that the SMA wire Ⅰ7 can work normally within the design plane.

[0041] See also Figure 6The lower composite steel plate 2 includes a lower base plate and four sleeves arranged on its top surface. The four sleeves are distributed along a rectangular interval and extend upward. The inner sides of two laterally adjacent sleeves are connected by a transverse steel plate. A recessed area is formed between the two laterally adjacent sleeves and the outer sides of the steel plate. The rack is arranged on the side wall of the sleeve along the displacement direction, and the gear sleeves of the two laterally adjacent sleeves are arranged opposite to each other.

[0042] See also Figure 5 The upper composite steel plate 1 includes an upper base plate and seven plug-in steel plates arranged on its bottom surface. The upper end of the plug-in steel plate is fixed to the upper base plate, and the lower end extends toward the lower composite steel plate. The four first plug-in steel plates are plugged into the sleeve, and the two second plug-in steel plates are respectively plugged into the two recessed areas. The plug-in steel plates are in contact with the outer wall of the transverse steel plate and the opposite side walls of the two sleeves. The third plug-in steel plate is plugged between the two transverse steel plates and the two longitudinally adjacent sleeves to ensure that the lower composite steel plate 2 and the upper composite steel plate 1 can be deformed and displaced according to the axial design without instability and damage.

[0043] See again Figure 1 A viscoelastic material pad layer I3 is bonded between the first interlocking steel plate and the sleeve, a viscoelastic material pad layer II17 is bonded between the second interlocking steel plate and the transverse steel plate and the side wall of the sleeve respectively, and a viscoelastic material pad layer III18 is provided between the side wall of the third interlocking steel plate and the two transverse steel plates and the side walls of the two longitudinally adjacent sleeves.

[0044] See Figure 3 、 4and 5, a recessed mounting groove is provided on the outer wall of the interlocking steel plate of the lower composite steel plate, the constraint steel plate 5 is embedded in the mounting groove, the constraint steel plate 5 is in an I-shaped structure, the two slide grooves are arranged on the constraint steel plate 5 at intervals, and the slide groove is arranged along the displacement direction, the force transmission slider is arranged in the slide groove, and the two ends extend out of both sides of the slide groove, the same end of the two force transmission sliders 14 are connected by multiple SMA rods, the two ends of the SMA rod 13 are provided with threads, the end of the SMA rod 13 is connected to the force transmission slider 14 through a pre-tightening nut 15, and both ends of the force transmission slider 14 are provided with reserved holes, the constraint A force transmission steel bar 12 is provided on both sides of the steel plate 5. The upper and lower ends of the force transmission steel bar 12 abut against the bottom and top surfaces of the two force transmission sliders 14. The guide extension section of the force transmission steel bar 12 is slidably set in the reserved hole. The cross section of the guide extension section is smaller than the cross section of the force transmission steel bar 12. The length design value of the guide extension section of the force transmission steel bar 12 is the same as the displacement limit of the force transmission slider 14 in the slide groove. The upper and lower ends of the constraint steel plate 5 also reserve holes at the corresponding positions of the guide extension section of the force transmission steel bar 12, so that the force transmission steel bar 12 will not be blocked when moving to a certain side, and the thin end on the other side will not deviate from the designed track. The force transmission steel bar transmits the displacement it receives to the SMA rod 13, causing the SMA rod 13 energy dissipation device in the middle of the device to displace and deform according to the slide groove of the constraint steel plate 5.

[0045] The upper and lower ends of the restraining steel plate 5 are provided with holes that cooperate with the guide extension section. When the force-transmitting steel plate is displaced greatly, the guide extension section extends into the hole so that the device will not be obstructed under large displacement movement. The depth of the hole should be greater than the height difference between the end of the SMA rod and the end of the force-transmitting steel bar.

[0046] In this embodiment, a displacement amplifying gear set 11 is provided on both sides of the constraining steel plate 5, and the racks of the two force transmission steel bars 12 on both sides of the constraining steel plate 5 are respectively engaged with the racks on both sides of the lower composite steel plate 2 through a displacement amplifying gear set 11.

[0047] When the upper composite steel plate 1 and the lower composite steel plate 2 undergo relative displacement, the opposite rotations of the two displacement amplifying gear groups 11 in any direction will jointly drive the force transmission steel bar 12 upward or downward, and the force transmission steel bar 12 drives the force transmission slider to move during the movement, thereby causing the SMA rod 13 to stretch and deform. At the same time, any rotation of the displacement amplifying gear 11 will also cause the SMA wire to stretch and deform, and the SMA rod 13 and the SMA wire will deform and consume energy, while providing the composite shock absorbing device with self-resetting ability.

[0048] The following is a detailed description of the shock absorption method of the displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite shock absorption device provided by the present invention.

[0049] 1. The displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite shock absorbing device can be installed in the diagonal brace and the herringbone brace, and can be connected with the support connection part by bolts by drilling holes on the top of the upper composite steel plate 1 and the bottom of the lower composite steel plate 2.

[0050] 2. When the building structure is affected by vibration and the composite vibration damping device is subjected to a small amplitude vibration displacement, the viscoelastic material blocks in each interlayer of composite steel plate I and composite steel plate II undergo shear deformation, absorbing and consuming vibration energy. The upper composite steel plate 1 and the lower composite steel plate 2 undergo relative displacement under vibration, and the rack drives the displacement amplification gear set to rotate, causing the SMA rod and SMA wire to be tensilely deformed, providing self-resetting ability for the composite vibration damping device.

[0051] 3. When the building structure is subjected to a large earthquake or vibration, the viscoelastic material blocks in each interlayer of the upper composite steel plate 1 and the lower composite steel plate 2 undergo shear deformation to consume energy. At the same time, the rack drives the displacement amplification gear set to rotate, causing the SMA wire to stretch and deform under a large displacement. At the same time, the force transmission slider is displaced, causing the SMA rod to stretch and deform, and dissipate the vibration energy together with the viscoelastic material blocks, providing the device with self-resetting ability. The SMA material self-resetting part and the viscoelastic material energy-consuming part of the composite shock-absorbing device work simultaneously but do not affect each other. Even if the SMA wire or SMA rod exceeds the limit and fails and stops working, the viscoelastic material can still consume energy and reduce vibration normally.

[0052] 4. The limiting slide groove in the constraint steel plate also protects the SMA rod, so that it will not exceed the design range and work beyond the limit, ensuring the continuous energy consumption capacity and self-reset performance of the composite shock absorber, while enabling the composite shock absorber to provide toughness for the building structure.

[0053] The present invention provides a displacement-amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device, which is composed of an upper composite steel plate 1, a lower composite steel plate 2, a viscoelastic material cushion layer, a displacement-amplifying rotary gear group, and an SMA self-resetting composite device. The SMA self-resetting composite device includes multiple SMA wires and SMA rods working simultaneously. All of the SMA materials are subjected to tensile deformation when the device undergoes axial displacement, thereby ensuring the normal operation of its self-resetting ability. The bottoms of the composite steel plate 1 and the lower composite steel plate 2 can be selectively punched and assembled according to the on-site design working conditions at both ends of the device. The design of the composite shock-absorbing device is based on "toughness". Under the condition of good energy consumption capacity, the self-resetting performance of the composite shock-absorbing device is highlighted. In areas where small earthquakes are frequent, the shock-absorbing and energy-consuming performance of the composite shock-absorbing device can be brought into play, and its self-resetting ability is relatively strong. Under the influence of multiple small earthquakes, the shock-absorbing and energy-consuming performance of the composite shock-absorbing device itself will prevent damage to the structure, and its excellent self-resetting performance will restore the structure to a good working state, which will make the structure have sufficient "toughness" to ensure that the structure can exert due "ductility" under subsequent large earthquakes.

[0054] The above content is only for explaining the technical idea of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device, characterized in that: It comprises an upper composite steel plate (1), a lower composite steel plate (2), a displacement amplifying gear set and an SMA self-resetting composite device; The upper composite steel plate (1) and the lower composite steel plate (2) are interlocked and can be displaced in the axial direction, and a plurality of viscoelastic material cushion layers are filled between the side walls of the upper composite steel plate (1) and the lower composite steel plate (2); The SMA self-resetting composite device comprises a restraining steel plate (5), an SMA rod (13), an SMA wire, a force transmission slider (14) and a force transmission steel bar (12); The restraining steel plate (5) is fixed to the outer wall of the upper composite steel plate (1), and the restraining steel plate (5) is provided with two slide grooves at intervals along the displacement direction, and two force transmission sliders (14) are correspondingly provided in the two slide grooves, and the two ends of the plurality of SMA rods (13) are fixedly connected to the two force transmission sliders (14), and the force transmission steel bar (12) is located between the two force transmission sliders (14), and the two ends of the force transmission steel bar (12) are in contact with the force transmission sliders (14), and the two ends of the force transmission steel bar (12) are provided with guide extension sections, and the guide extension sections pass through the force transmission sliders (14), and the force transmission steel bar (12) is meshed and connected with the upper composite steel plate through a displacement amplification gear set, and one end of the SMA wire is connected to the displacement amplification gear set, and the other end is connected to the upper composite steel plate (1); The end of the SMA rod (13) is connected to the force transmission slider through a nut, and a scale line is provided at the end of the SMA rod (13) for controlling the prestress of the SMA rod; the length of the guide extension section of the force transmission steel bar (12) is the same as the length of the slide; the two force transmission sliders are respectively in contact with the ends of the two slides that are close to each other.

2. A displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the force transmission slider extend horizontally out of the slide slot, and both ends of the two force transmission sliders are connected via a plurality of SMA rods (13).

3. A displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The displacement amplifying gear set includes a rack, a large gear and a small gear fixed coaxially; Racks are provided on the side walls of the force transmission steel bar and the lower composite steel plate (2), and the two racks are arranged parallel to the displacement direction of the upper composite steel plate (1). The large gear and the small gear are arranged on the outer side wall of the upper composite steel plate (1) through a rotating shaft. The small gear meshes with the rack of the lower composite steel plate (2), and the large gear meshes with the rack of the force transmission steel bar.

4. The displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower composite steel plate (2) comprises a lower base plate and a plurality of sleeves arranged on the top surface thereof, wherein the plurality of sleeves are distributed along a rectangular interval and extend upward, and two sleeves adjacent to each other in the transverse direction are connected by a transverse steel plate, and the rack is arranged on the side wall of the sleeve, and the gear sleeves of the two sleeves adjacent to each other in the transverse direction are arranged relative to each other.

5. The displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper composite steel plate (1) comprises an upper base plate and a plurality of interlocking steel plates arranged on the bottom surface thereof, each interlocking steel plate being arranged in a sleeve and between adjacent sleeves, and a plurality of viscoelastic material pads being fixed between each interlocking steel plate and the sleeve.

6. The displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end face of the displacement amplifying gear set is provided with a plurality of concentrically sleeved circular rings, with a plurality of anchor points evenly distributed on the circular rings, the ends of the plurality of SMA wires are fixed to different anchor points, and the other ends of the plurality of SMA wires are connected to a plurality of force transmission steel plates (4), which are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the displacement amplifying gear set and fixed to the side walls of the upper composite steel plate (1).

7. A vibration reduction method for a displacement amplifying self-resetting SMA-viscoelastic composite vibration reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: When the upper composite steel plate (1) and the lower composite steel plate (2) are subjected to a small amplitude vibration displacement, the viscoelastic material cushion layer between the upper composite steel plate (1) and the lower composite steel plate (2) undergoes shear deformation, consuming vibration energy, and the displacement amplification gear set rotates to cause the SMA wire and the SMA rod to undergo elongation deformation, thereby providing the composite vibration reduction device with self-resetting capability; When the upper composite steel plate (1) and the lower composite steel plate (2) are subjected to large-scale vibration displacement, the viscoelastic material cushion layer undergoes shear deformation, and the displacement amplification gear set rotates to cause the SMA wire and the SMA rod to undergo elongation deformation during the large-scale displacement, and consume energy together with the multiple viscoelastic material cushion layers, while providing the composite vibration damping device with self-resetting capability.

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