A method for cultivating Morchella esculenta in saline-alkali land

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for cultivating Morchella esculenta in saline-alkali land, belonging to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation. The method includes steps of greenhouse ground arrangement, laying a salt-blocking and water-retaining layer, sowing, placing nutrient bags, spawn running, mushroom primordium induction and fruiting management. The present invention innovatively lays a crop straw layer, a fruit shell granule layer and a sawdust layer layer by layer in the soil layer of saline-alkali land in coastal areas. The three layers together form a salt-blocking and water-retaining layer, which can prevent the upward penetration of deep soil salts, reduce water evaporation, and maintain soil humidity; it can also ensure that the soil in the spawn layer is moist but not wet, prevent waterlogging in the spawn layer, and promote spawn running of the spawn; the present invention also fully regulates environmental factors such as bed surface temperature, soil moisture, air humidity, ventilation, light, etc. in the cultivation of Morchella esculenta in saline-alkali land. Each condition coordinates and cooperates to comprehensively improve the cultivation yield and quality of Morchella esculenta in saline-alkali land in coastal areas, providing a scientific theoretical basis for the development of the Morchella esculenta cultivation industry in saline-alkali land of coastal cities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly to a method for cultivating Morchella esculenta in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Soil is the material basis and ecological environment for human survival and development. Soil pollution directly threatens human health and survival and development. Soil salinization is an important issue of concern in the world today. As a very common type of soil, saline-alkali soil is distributed all over the world. It is the general term for various types of saline-alkali soil affected by salinization and saline-alkali action. Soil salinization poses a serious threat to agricultural production around the world. Saline-alkali land contains excessive water-soluble salts that hinder crop growth, and usually occurs in arid and semi-arid regions with arid climate, large evaporation, high groundwater level, high salinity, and poor drainage, as well as coastal areas affected by sea tide intrusion. Saline-alkali land is the main low-yield soil in Shandong, concentrated and contiguous in the Yellow River Delta and coastal areas, with low soil fertility and low and unstable crop yields.

[0003] Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. is a fungus of the family Morchellaceae and the genus Morchella. The cap is nearly spherical, ovoid to ellipsoidal, up to 10 cm high, with a blunt apex, and has pits similar to those of a morel on the surface. The pits are indeterminate, eggshell color to light yellowish-brown, and the ribbed pattern is lighter in color. The stipe is nearly cylindrical, nearly white, hollow, cylindrical. The spores are oblong, colorless. The apical part of the paraphysis is enlarged. It is light in weight and brittle in texture. Morchella esculenta is an edible and medicinal fungus with a unique fragrance, rich in nutrition, containing a variety of amino acids and organic germanium needed by the human body, and has always been regarded as a high-grade tonic for human nutrition by many countries. To meet the market demand, currently Morchella esculenta is mainly cultivated artificially for large-scale cultivation. However, Morchella esculenta is easily affected by external factors, especially the yield and quality decrease significantly when cultivated in saline-alkali land with too high salt content. To make full use of the saline-alkali land in coastal areas such as Shandong, the present invention specifically provides a method for cultivating Morchella esculenta in saline-alkali land to improve the quality and yield of Morchella esculenta cultivated in the coastal saline-alkali land. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Morchella esculenta in saline-alkali land to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The present invention innovatively lays a salt-blocking and water-retaining layer in the soil layer of coastal saline-alkali land, and fully regulates environmental factors such as the temperature of the ridge surface, soil moisture, air humidity, ventilation, and light during the cultivation of Morchella esculenta in saline-alkali land. Each condition coordinates and cooperates to comprehensively improve the yield and quality of Morchella esculenta cultivated in the coastal saline-alkali land, providing a scientific theoretical basis for the development of the Morchella esculenta cultivation industry in the saline-alkali land of coastal cities.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for cultivating Morchella esculenta in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Greenhouse ground preparation: Level the ground of the saline-alkali land in the greenhouse, build ridges around, adjust the soil moisture and oxygen content by flooding irrigation, and then apply pesticides to kill insects; and suspend a sunshade net in the greenhouse;

[0008] (2) Laying a salt-blocking and water-retaining layer: Plow the disinfected soil in the greenhouse, with a plowing depth of 30 - 35 cm. Spread crop straw with a thickness of 2 - 4 cm on the bottom layer of the plowing, shell particles with a thickness of 1 - 3 cm on the middle layer, and wood chips with a thickness of 1 - 2 cm on the upper layer. The three layers together form the salt-blocking and water-retaining layer; then spread 20 - 30 cm of plowed soil on the salt-blocking and water-retaining layer as the soil for the raised bed surface;

[0009] (3) Sowing: Spread the Morchella esculenta strains on the soil of the raised bed surface, cover the strains with soil with a thickness of 0.5 - 3 cm, and then adjust the temperature in the greenhouse to 18 - 20 °C. When the mycelium fills the raised bed surface, spray water on the raised bed surface to make the soil layer 5 - 8 cm below the raised bed surface thoroughly soaked with water;

[0010] (4) Placing nutrient bags: After the mycelium that fills the raised bed surface forms a mycelium frost, place 1300 - 1800 nutrient bags per mu of the mycelium-growing raised bed surface, and then cover them with a breathable black film;

[0011] Among them, make incisions on the bottom surface of the nutrient bags with a knife, and closely combine the incision surface with the mycelium-growing raised bed surface;

[0012] (5) Mycelium growth, mushroom primordium induction and fruiting management: Control the mycelium growth temperature at 10 - 15 °C, carry out continuous low-temperature mycelium growth for 60 - 70 d, remove the black film, and then spray a large amount of water on the mycelium-growing raised bed surface for mushroom primordium induction; then control the temperature at 8 - 15 °C, the air humidity at 80 - 90%, and give appropriate ventilation and light. Harvest in time when the mushrooms grow to 15 - 18 cm.

[0013] Further, in step (1), the flooding irrigation is specifically to select water with a salt content of less than 0.13% for flooding irrigation.

[0014] Further, in step (2), the crop straw includes wheat straw and corn straw; the length of the crop straw is 1 - 2 cm; the shell particles include peanut shells and cotton shells; the diameter of the shell particles is 0.5 - 1 cm; the particle size of the wood chips is 0.1 - 0.5 cm.

[0015] Further, in step (3), before sowing, first spread special organic fertilizer and inorganic compound fertilizer for Morchella esculenta on the soil of the raised bed surface, evenly harrow the land 1 - 2 times, and the harrowing depth is 15 - 17 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (3), the Morchella spawn is first crushed and then spread on the soil on the bed surface at an application rate of 500 catties / mu.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (4), the nutrient package comprises the following components by weight: 40% wheat, 40% fermented corn cobs, 10% sorghum husks, 5% soybean meal, 3% bran, 1% gypsum and 1% lime.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (4), two longitudinal cuts are made on the bottom surface of the nutrient bag with a knife, and the cut surface is tightly combined with the surface of the germinated bed; the length of the cut is 80-90% of the length of the bottom surface of the nutrient bag.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (5), before spraying the surface of the spawn bed with water to promote mushroom growth, the bed is first ventilated and air-dried for 2-3 days to dry the surface of the spawn bed.

[0020] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0021] The present invention innovatively lays a crop straw layer, a fruit shell particle layer and a sawdust layer in the soil layer of the saline-alkali land in the coastal area. The three layers together form a salt-blocking and water-retaining layer, wherein the bottom layer can prevent the deep soil salt from penetrating upward to the utmost extent, the middle layer fully absorbs water, reduces water evaporation, and maintains the soil moisture of the fungus species; the upper layer is easy to permeate water, ensuring that the soil in the fungus species layer is moist but not wet, preventing water accumulation in the fungus species layer and affecting the fungus growth of the morel fungus species; at the same time, the morel fungus species can secrete a cellulase system, which can convert the cellulose in the upper sawdust into glucose for absorption and utilization, thereby promoting the fungus growth.

[0022] The present invention also fully regulates environmental factors such as bed surface temperature, soil moisture, air humidity, ventilation, light, etc. in the cultivation of morels in saline-alkali land, and various conditions are coordinated to comprehensively improve the cultivation yield and quality of morels in saline-alkali land in coastal areas, providing a scientific theoretical basis for the development of the saline-alkali land morel cultivation industry in coastal cities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although this invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of this invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0026] Without departing from the scope or spirit of this invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the specification of this invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the specification of this invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples of this invention are merely exemplary.

[0027] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. herein, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A method for cultivating Morchella esculenta in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

[0030] 1. Greenhouse arrangement: Level the ground of the greenhouse, remove sundries, and make the ridges more than 10 cm higher than the ground to block large amounts of irrigation water.

[0031] 2. Irrigation and pest control: Use water with a salt content less than 0.13% (the lower the salt content, the better, preferably tap water, water with a salt content greater than 0.13% cannot be used) for flood irrigation to adjust soil moisture and reduce soil salt content; after irrigation, apply 20 catties of phoxim pesticide per mu to kill and prevent underground pests.

[0032] 3. Install sunshade nets in the greenhouse: Wherever sunlight shines on the ground, 90% density sunshade nets should be suspended inside the greenhouse film to block direct sunlight on the ridge surface.

[0033] 4. Soil disinfection and laying of salt - resistant and water - retaining layer: When the water on the ridge surface seeps into the soil and reaches the suitable tillage period, first spread 100 - 200 catties of lime powder per mu for disinfection. If the soil salinity is relatively high, lime can be not applied. Then plow the soil, with a plowing depth of 30 - 35 cm. Spread wheat straw with a thickness of 2 - 4 cm at the bottom layer of the plowing, with the straw length of 1 - 2 cm. Spread peanut shell particles with a thickness of 1 - 3 cm in the middle layer, with the particle diameter of 0.5 - 1 cm. Spread wood chips with a thickness of 1 - 2 cm at the upper layer, with the wood chip particle size of 0.1 - 0.5 cm. The three layers together form the salt - resistant and water - retaining layer. Before laying the salt - resistant and water - retaining layer, sun - dry and disinfect each layer of raw materials. Finally, spread 20 - 30 cm of plowed soil on the salt - resistant and water - retaining layer as the sowing soil.

[0034] 5. Fertilization and harrowing: Spread about 1 ton per mu (depending on the soil fertility, the more the better for high - yield and high - quality) of special organic fertilizer for Morchella esculenta (purchased from Dongying Likun Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) and 40 catties of sulfuric acid - type compound fertilizer per mu (purchased from Shandong Nuopwo Import and Export Co., Ltd.) evenly on each mu of ridge surface as the base fertilizer for Morchella esculenta. After spreading the organic fertilizer, use a harrow to plow and harrow evenly for 1 - 2 times, with a harrowing depth of 15 - 17 cm, ensuring that the soil layer depth is 20 cm after sowing and covering the soil.

[0035] 6. Sowing: Pull out a 30 - 35 cm operation corridor (soil - covering belt) in the middle of the ridge. First, crush the Morchella esculenta spawn, and then spread 500 catties of spawn per mu evenly on the ridge surface soil on both sides of the operation corridor (or sow in furrows, with a furrow depth of 6 cm, a row spacing of 10 - 15 cm, and rake flat). Take the soil from the operation corridor and evenly cover the spawn in the sowing ridge with soil, with a thickness of 0.5 - 3 cm (covering the soil with a ditch - opening machine is also available) so that the spawn is not exposed. If the light is suitable, the plastic film can not be covered, otherwise, cover with a black plastic film.

[0036] 7. Adjusting the temperature for spawn running: Adjust the greenhouse temperature to 18 - 20 degrees, ensuring that the temperature of the soil spawn layer (3 cm deep) is 10 - 15 degrees. After sowing, under suitable temperature conditions, the mycelium reaches the soil surface in 3 days, fills the ridge surface in 5 days, and on the 6th - 7th day, the mycelium on the ridge surface shows a white mycelium frost.

[0037] 8. First - time water management: 6 - 7 days after sowing, when the mycelium fills the 20 - cm soil layer, the mycelium on the soil surface is white and forms a mycelium frost, and there are radial aerial mycelia stretching around the ridge surface. At this time, carry out water management in time; use a water - spraying belt or atomizing water - spraying head to spray water on the ridge surface until the soil layer 5 - 8 cm below the ridge surface is thoroughly permeated. Functions: First, provide sufficient water for the mycelium; second, reduce salt through water again; third, prevent the surface from salting due to water evaporation.

[0038] 9. Placing nutrient bags: 3 - 4 days after spraying water, when the soil moisture is appropriate, there is no surface water in the ridge ditch, and after the mycelium on the ridge surface forms a mycelium frost again, place the nutrient bags.

[0039] Nutrient bag formula: wheat 40%, fermented corncob 40%, sorghum hull 10%, plus 5% soybean meal, 3% wheat bran, 1% gypsum and 1% lime; after soaking, bagging, high-pressure sterilization, and cooling, it is reserved for later use;

[0040] Place 2-3 nutrient bags per square meter (1300-1800 bags per mu) evenly on the mushroom spawn bed surface; when placing the nutrient bags, first use a utility knife to make 2 longitudinal cuts on the bottom surface of the nutrient bag, with the length of the cuts being 80% of the bag length, to expose the base material, and then place the cut surface on the bed surface and closely combine it with the soil (which has already grown mycelium).

[0041] 10. Cover with black film: After placing the nutrient bags, cover them with a black film (about 1 cm thick). Before covering the black film, a hole puncher must be used to punch ventilation holes with a diameter of about 1.2 cm every 20 cm, and the four sides of the film cannot be compacted.

[0042] 11. Management of mushroom spawn growth: After covering the film, Morchella esculenta enters the vegetative growth stage (mushroom spawn growth). This stage takes about 60-70 days. The key to management is to control the temperature of the mushroom spawn bed, and the most suitable temperature range for regulation is 10-15 degrees, not higher than 20 degrees. Use low-temperature mushroom spawn growth to extend the mushroom spawn growth period; when the temperature is suitable, the nutrient bags are fully colonized by mycelium in about 20 days. About 10 days after being fully colonized, the nutrient bags start to become soft, and they become softer and softer; the mycelial frost on the bed surface is gradually absorbed, which is also called the mycelial frost absorption period, and the mycelial frost absorption period is about 30-40 days; 50-60 days after the nutrient bags are placed, the mycelial frost on the bed surface is absorbed and disappears, the bottom of the nutrient bags and most of the bed surface show brown color, and there are a little aerial hyphae. A 1.5-pound nutrient bag is reduced to less than 1 pound. The lighter and softer the nutrient bag is, the better the nutrient absorption and transformation; during the period when the nutrients in the nutrient bags are absorbed and transformed, regulate the mushroom spawn growth temperature to 10-15 degrees to make it grow with low temperature for about 60 days.

[0043] 12. Induce fruiting:

[0044] When the atmospheric temperature has not dropped to below zero, induce fruiting by spraying a large amount of water on the bed surface to thoroughly irrigate the sowing soil 20-30 cm deep on the bed surface; in order to make the fruiting neat and increase the yield, remove the black film before spraying water, ventilate and dry the bed for 2-3 days to make the bed surface dry, and then spray heavy water to induce fruiting.

[0045] 13. Mushroom fruiting management: After applying the mushroom fruiting water, seal the greenhouse (without ventilation) for 2 - 3 days, then ventilate weakly to supply oxygen; ensure the temperature is 8 - 15°C. Primordia will appear in about 10 days and enter the needle tip stage; the management during the subsequent young mushroom stage is very crucial. First, strictly control the mushroom fruiting temperature on the bed surface within the range of 8 - 15°C, try to minimize the temperature difference, and strictly prevent special weather with continuous low temperature and continuous high temperature. Ensure that the temperature on the bed surface is not lower than 6°C and not higher than 18°C. If extreme low temperature or continuous cloudy days occur, take measures to increase the temperature in the greenhouse to prevent young mushrooms from freezing to death. Second, ensure the air humidity is about 85%. Only increase the air humidity before the young mushrooms grow to 5 cm. After they reach 5 cm, spray water with a micro - spray belt for 3 - 5 minutes every day to ensure the soil humidity is appropriate. Third, provide appropriate ventilation. Ventilate the greenhouse weakly 3 days after applying the mushroom fruiting water and ventilate appropriately during the young mushroom stage. Strictly prevent strong winds and cross - drafts during high temperature. The ventilation openings should be more than half a meter above the bed surface, and hang wind - blocking films at the ventilation openings in the greenhouse to avoid direct blowing of hot and cold air on the young mushrooms. Fourth, provide sufficient light. For greenhouses insulated with cotton quilts, open a gap 5 - 7 meters long and 0.2 meters wide every 2 - 3 meters.

[0046] About 10 days after applying the mushroom fruiting water, Morchella esculenta primordia appear, initially in the needle tip stage (the young primordia are 2 - 3 mm, with a needle - like tip at the top). After 3 - 4 days, it enters the young mushroom stage (the young mushrooms are about 1 cm, with a black mushroom head appearing at the top). After 6 - 7 days, the young mushrooms grow to 3 - 4 cm and enter the rapid growth stage. In about 10 days, the young mushrooms reach 7 - 8 cm, and the color of the mushroom cap changes from deep to light. After this stage, the growth rate accelerates, and the ability to resist adverse environments increases. However, attention should be paid to adjusting the relationship between ventilation and the air humidity in the greenhouse. The rapid growth stage of Morchella esculenta requires a large amount of oxygen, so good ventilation is required. At this time, it is necessary to increase the air humidity in a timely manner on the premise of ensuring good ventilation to prevent the formation of sub - standard mushrooms such as "flat - topped mushrooms", "round - headed mushrooms" and "pointed light - colored mushrooms" due to low air humidity. Morchella esculenta can grow into mature mushrooms 15 - 18 cm in length 18 - 20 days after the appearance of primordia. The color of the mushroom cap changes to dark brown again, and then it can be harvested in time.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] The difference from Example 1 is only that in step 4, the salt - resistant and water - retaining layer laid is: plow the bottom layer and lay 2 - 4 cm thick corn straws flat, with the straw length of 1 - 2 cm; lay 1 - 3 cm thick cotton hull particles flat in the middle layer, with the particle diameter of 0.5 - 1 cm; lay 1 - 2 cm thick wood chips flat in the upper layer, with the wood chip particle size of 0.1 - 0.5 cm; the three layers together form the salt - resistant and water - retaining layer.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] The difference from Example 1 is only that in step 4, the salt - resistant and water - retaining layer laid is: plow the bottom layer and lay 1 - 2 cm thick wood chips flat, with the wood chip particle size of 0.1 - 0.5 cm; lay 1 - 3 cm thick peanut shell particles flat in the middle layer, with the particle diameter of 0.5 - 1 cm; lay 2 - 4 cm thick wheat straws flat in the upper layer, with the straw length of 1 - 2 cm.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] The difference from Example 1 is only that in Step 4, the salt-blocking and water-retaining layer laid is: wheat straw with a thickness of 2 - 4 cm is spread flat on the plowed bottom layer, and the straw length is 1 - 2 cm.

[0053] Comparative Example 3

[0054] The difference from Example 1 is only that in Step 4, the salt-blocking and water-retaining layer laid is: peanut shell particles with a thickness of 1 - 3 cm are spread flat on the plowed bottom layer, and the particle diameter is 0.5 - 1 cm.

[0055] Comparative Example 4

[0056] The difference from Example 1 is only that in Step 4, the salt-blocking and water-retaining layer laid is: wood chips with a thickness of 1 - 2 cm are spread flat on the plowed bottom layer, and the particle size of the wood chips is 0.1 - 0.5 cm.

[0057] Effect verification

[0058] Select the saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta of Binzhou, Shandong as the test plot. The salinity of the saline-alkali land is 0.46%, the pH value is 8.9, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are poor. Taking the cultivation method without laying the salt-blocking and water-retaining layer as the control group, the cultivation of Morchella (the Morchella strain variety is Morchella sextelata) is carried out respectively by using the methods of Example 1 - 2, Comparative Example 1 - 4 and the control group. The specific test results are as follows:

[0059] Table 1

[0060]

[0061] The nutritional components of the Morchella harvested from each group are detected. Among them, moisture: carried out according to the direct drying method of GB5009.3 - 2016; crude protein: carried out according to the Kjeldahl method of GB5009.5 - 2016; crude fat: carried out according to the Soxhlet extraction method of GB5009.6 - 2016; crude fiber: carried out according to GB / T5009.10 - 2003; ash: carried out according to the ignition gravimetric method of GB5009.4 - 2016. The specific results are shown in Table 2:

[0062] Table 2

[0063]

[0064] As can be seen from Table 1-2, by using the cultivation method of the present invention, three layers of salt-blocking and water-preserving layers are laid in the soil layer 30-35 cm deep on the ridge surface. The bottom layer is a crop straw layer with a thickness of 2-4 cm. The straw in this layer is the longest, which can maximally prevent the upward penetration of deep soil salts. The middle layer is a fruit shell particle layer with a thickness of 1-3 cm. This layer uses peanut shells or cotton shells with obvious water absorption and water retention properties to fully absorb water, reduce water evaporation, and maintain the soil humidity of the strain. The upper layer is a sawdust layer with a thickness of 1-2 cm, and the particle size of the sawdust is 0.1-0.5 cm, which is easy to permeate water, ensuring that the soil in the strain layer is moist but not wet, preventing waterlogging in the strain layer and affecting the mycelium growth of Morchella esculenta. At the same time, the Morchella esculenta strain can secrete cellulase systems, which can convert cellulose in the upper layer of sawdust into glucose for absorption and utilization, promoting the mycelium growth of the strain. From Comparative Examples 1-4, it can be seen that the adjustment of the salt-blocking and water-preserving layers directly affects the cultivation yield and quality of Morchella esculenta in saline-alkali land.

[0065] The cultivation method of the present invention also coordinates and cooperates in various aspects by regulating factors such as the temperature of the ridge surface, soil moisture, air humidity, ventilation, and light, comprehensively improving the cultivation yield and quality of Morchella esculenta in saline-alkali land in coastal areas, and providing a scientific theoretical basis for the development of the Morchella esculenta cultivation industry in saline-alkali land of coastal cities.

[0066] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Morchella esculenta in saline-alkali land, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: (1) Greenhouse ground preparation: The saline-alkali land in the greenhouse is leveled, ridges are built around it, and large-scale flooding is used to adjust the soil moisture and oxygen content. Pesticides are then applied to kill insects; and shade nets are hung in the greenhouse; (2) Laying a salt-blocking and water-retaining layer: Plow the sterilized greenhouse soil to a depth of 30-35 cm, lay 2-4 cm thick crop straw on the bottom layer, 1-3 cm thick fruit shell particles on the middle layer, and 1-2 cm thick sawdust on the top layer. The three layers together form a salt-blocking and water-retaining layer; then lay 20-30 cm of plowed soil on the salt-blocking and water-retaining layer as the bed surface soil; The crop straws include wheat straws and corn straws; the length of the crop straws is 1-2 cm; the husk particles include peanut shells and cotton shells; the diameter of the husk particles is 0.5-1 cm; the particle size of the sawdust is 0.1-0.5 cm; (3) Sowing: Sow the Morchella spawn on the soil on the bed surface, with a thickness of 0.5-3 cm. Then adjust the greenhouse temperature to 18-20°C. When the bed surface is full of mycelium, spray water on the bed surface so that the soil layer 5-8 cm below the bed surface is sprayed with water. (4) Placing nutrient bags: After the mycelium on the bed surface has formed a fungus frost, 1,300 to 1,800 nutrient bags are placed on each mu of the bed surface, and then covered with a ventilated black film; Wherein, a cut is made on the bottom surface of the nutrient bag with a knife, and the cut surface is closely combined with the surface of the germinated bed; (5) Management of mushroom growth, induction and fruiting: The induction temperature is adjusted to 10-15℃, and the low temperature induction is continued for 60-70 days. The black film is removed, and then the induction bed is sprayed with water to induce mushroom growth. Then the temperature is adjusted to 8-15℃, the air humidity is 80-90%, and proper ventilation and light are provided. The mushrooms are harvested in time when they grow to 15-18 cm.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (1), the flood irrigation specifically comprises selecting water with a salt content of less than 0.13% for flood irrigation.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (3), before sowing, first spread organic fertilizer and inorganic compound fertilizer for Morchella on the soil on the bed surface, and harrow the soil evenly 1-2 times to a depth of 15-17 cm.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (3), the Morchella spawn is first crushed, and then spread on the soil on the bed surface at a rate of 500 catties / mu.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (4), the nutrient package comprises the following components by weight: 40% wheat, 40% fermented corn cobs, 10% sorghum husks, 5% soybean meal, 3% bran, 1% gypsum and 1% lime.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), two longitudinal cuts are made on the bottom surface of the nutrient bag with a knife, and the cut surface is tightly combined with the surface of the germinated bed; the length of the cut is 80-90% of the length of the bottom surface of the nutrient bag.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (5), before spraying the surface of the spawn bed with water to promote mushroom growth, the bed is first ventilated and air-dried for 2-3 days to dry the surface of the spawn bed.

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