Electric vehicle (EV) fast recharging stations and systems

Abstract

An electric vehicle (EV) charging station for fast charging (e.g., 5-15 minute charging) of an electric vehicle (EV) is provided. The EV charging station can be configured to simultaneously charge a plurality of EVs and a plurality of conventional fuel-type vehicles. The EV charging station includes a power source, an electrical device to receive power from the power source, a first electrical storage to receive power from the electrical device, a second electrical storage to receive power from the first electrical storage, and a first EV charger to receive power from the second electrical storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to rapid or high-speed electric vehicle recharging stations and systems, such as for high-speed recharging of electric vehicles (EVs). Rapid or high-speed electric vehicle stations and systems can be configured to provide both high-speed recharging of electric vehicles and high-speed filling of fuel-powered vehicles. Background Art

[0002] Electric vehicles (EVs) have grown in use around the world, with a strong focus on clean emissions, quiet driving, and low maintenance. Advances in battery technology have supported improvements in vehicle speed and range. Battery charging has improved to help support this growth, and provides recharge times as low as 2 hours for a full charge of a large EV battery (e.g., the battery in a Chevrolet Volt or Tesla Model S). The push to improve recharge times has driven battery manufacturers to improve technology and provide "fast charge" capabilities in their batteries. The goal is to allow EV cars to recharge in a time close to the same as the time it takes to refuel a gasoline vehicle (e.g., 10 to 15 minutes).

[0003] The problem of quickly recharging large vehicle batteries arises because a large amount of AC power is required from the utility grid for each (or multiple) vehicles during recharging. For example, a normal-sized sedan (such as a Chevrolet Volt) may require up to 350KW of power to achieve a target recharge time during the recharging process. When this power demand is multiplied by several vehicles charging simultaneously, a huge AC power source will be required at the recharging site (such as the utility grid infrastructure to support large industrial loads, followed by AC / DC conversion). This type of AC power source is not available in most locations. Power surges during recharging also raise issues with the ability of utility companies to predict power demand at specific locations. Adding to this particular problem is the sparse location of recharging stations. EV recharging pumps must be available at gas stations to allow the EV market to grow. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to provide sufficient power in most locations, electricity must be stored in a controlled, uniform manner using a large "electrical reservoir" or "battery reservoir" or "energy reservoir" or "power reservoir". This electrical reservoir can then be used as the primary recharging energy source for recharging the electric vehicle. Battery technology already exists to support the "reservoir" requirement. Several different power storage technologies can be used, including flow batteries, lithium-ion batteries, power storage capacitors (e.g., supercapacitors) and / or fuel cells. Other electromechanical technologies, such as flywheel energy storage, can also be used. The electrical reservoir can be placed underground in a similar manner to that currently used to store fuel (e.g., gasoline, diesel) in gas stations, or the electrical reservoir can be placed above the ground.

[0005] The electrical storage device can be charged using electricity already available at normal gas stations (e.g., continuously charging the electrical storage device in a uniform manner). Using this method allows utility companies to predict electricity usage and avoid power fluctuations. For example, the electrical storage device can be recharged continuously, intermittently, at a variable current, at a variable charging rate, or in a programmed manner from a power source (e.g., an existing power source, a new power source, a power grid, a power transmission line, a power distribution system, a power station, a generator, a fuel-based generator, a solar panel, a wind turbine).

[0006] The energy stored in the electrical storage device can be used as a power source for recharging electric vehicles. A recharging pump, very similar in physical size and form to a conventional gas pump, can be used to perform the appropriate conversion of the power required to charge an EV. Since the power source for the EV is a DC battery and the electrical storage device can be a DC electrical storage device (e.g., a DC flow battery or a DC Li-ion battery), the required power conversion can simply be direct or DC-DC conversion, thus avoiding the power losses of the AC-DC conversion currently used in most battery chargers.

[0007] Recharging station operators can charge customers for recharging their EVs in a similar manner to gasoline customers. They will be able to work with utilities on the cost of keeping the storage charged and amortizing the cost of adding / supporting the storage and EV chargers or EV pumps (e.g., chargers or outlets). Operators can establish a desired profit margin and charge EV customers accordingly. This eliminates the burden on utilities to provide industrial-scale grid infrastructure (such as additional towers, power lines, and substations), which may be impractical for most locations.

[0008] The use of the reservoir method allows for the conversion of a normal gas station by simply adding an EV pump (e.g. a fueling EV pump) or multiple pumps to provide fast charging of EVs. This fast charging will allow EVs to cross the country as easily as today's gasoline fueled vehicles, which will allow EVs to become more mainstream.

[0009] The presently described subject matter relates to a station for fueling fuel vehicles and / or recharging electric vehicles.

[0010] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric recharging station.

[0011] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric / fuel station.

[0012] The presently described subject matter relates to an improved gas station comprising or consisting of both a gas pump and an electric pump or EV charger.

[0013] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric recharging / fuel station comprising or consisting of at least one fuel pump and at least one electric pump or EV charger.

[0014] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric recharging / fuel station comprising or consisting of at least one fuel pump and at least one electric pump or EV charger.

[0015] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric recharging / fuel station comprising or consisting of at least one fuel pump and at least one electric pump or charger, wherein the at least one fuel pump is spaced apart from the at least one electric pump or charger by a predetermined distance.

[0016] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric recharging / fuel station comprising or consisting of at least one fuel pump and at least one electric pump or charger, wherein the at least one fuel pump and the at least one electric pump or charger are disposed in a single unit.

[0017] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / electric station comprising or consisting of at least one fuel pump and at least one electric pump or charger, wherein the at least one fuel pump and the at least one electric pump or charger are separate units.

[0018] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / electric station comprising or consisting of a plurality of fuel pumps and a plurality of electric pumps or EV chargers.

[0019] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / electric station that includes or consists of a plurality of fuel pumps and a plurality of electric pumps or chargers, wherein the fuel pumps are positioned in at least one row and the electric pumps or chargers are positioned in at least one other row.

[0020] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station which comprises or consists of at least one electrical storage device.

[0021] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station comprising or consisting of a plurality of electrical storages.

[0022] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station that includes or consists of at least one on-site electrical storage.

[0023] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station comprising or consisting of at least one electrical storage device situated below ground level.

[0024] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station comprising or consisting of a plurality of electrical reservoirs located below ground level.

[0025] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station comprising or consisting of at least one electrical storage device situated above ground level.

[0026] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station comprising or consisting of a plurality of electrical reservoirs located above ground level.

[0027] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station which comprises or consists of at least one electrical storage device.

[0028] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station comprising or consisting of a plurality of electrical storages.

[0029] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station that includes or consists of at least one on-site electrical storage.

[0030] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station that includes or is comprised of a plurality of on-site electrical storages.

[0031] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station comprising or consisting of at least one electrical storage device situated below ground level.

[0032] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station comprising or consisting of a plurality of electrical reservoirs located below ground level.

[0033] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station comprising or consisting of at least one electrical storage device situated above ground level.

[0034] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station comprising or consisting of a plurality of electrical reservoirs located above ground level.

[0035] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / electrical power station comprising or consisting of at least one fuel tank and at least one electrical reservoir located below ground level.

[0036] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station that includes or consists of a plurality of fuel tanks and a plurality of electrical reservoirs located below ground level.

[0037] The presently described subject matter relates to a fuel / power station comprising or consisting of at least one gas tank and at least one electrical reservoir located below ground level, wherein the at least one gas tank and the at least one electrical reservoir are spaced apart by at least a predetermined distance.

[0038] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the second electrical reservoir.

[0039] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; a third electrical reservoir that receives power from the second electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the third electrical reservoir.

[0040] The subject matter currently described relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging electric vehicles (EVs), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of: at least one power source; a plurality of electrical devices that receive power from the at least one power source; a plurality of first electrical storage devices that respectively receive power from the plurality of electrical devices; a plurality of second electrical storage devices that respectively receive power from the first electrical storage devices; and a plurality of EV chargers that respectively receive power from the plurality of second electrical storage devices.

[0041] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station including or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the second electrical reservoir, and also including a third electrical reservoir that receives power from the second electrical reservoir.

[0042] The subject matter currently described relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging electric vehicles (EVs), the EV charging station including or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the second electrical reservoir, wherein the electrical device is a plurality of electrical devices, the first electrical reservoir is a plurality of first electrical reservoirs that respectively receive power from the plurality of electrical devices, the second electrical reservoir is a plurality of second electrical reservoirs that respectively receive power from the plurality of first electrical reservoirs, and the EV charger is a plurality of EV chargers that respectively receive power from the plurality of second electrical reservoirs.

[0043] The subject matter currently described relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging electric vehicles (EVs), the EV charging station including or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; a third electrical reservoir that receives power from the second electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the third electrical reservoir, wherein the electrical device is a plurality of electrical devices, the first electrical reservoir is a plurality of first electrical reservoirs that respectively receive power from the plurality of electrical devices, the second electrical reservoir is a plurality of second electrical reservoirs that respectively receive power from the plurality of first electrical reservoirs, the third electrical reservoir is a plurality of third electrical reservoirs that respectively receive power from the plurality of second electrical reservoirs, and the EV charger is a plurality of EV chargers that respectively receive power from the plurality of third electrical reservoirs.

[0044] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station including or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the second electrical reservoir, the EV charging station also including an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical device and converts the AC power into DC power.

[0045] The subject matter currently described relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging electric vehicles (EVs), the EV charging station including or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the second electrical reservoir, the EV charging station also including an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical device and converts the AC power into DC power, the EV charging station also including a first DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the AC-DC converter and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the first electrical reservoir.

[0046] The subject matter currently described relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging electric vehicles (EVs), the EV charging station including or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the second electrical reservoir, the EV charging station also including an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical device and converts the AC power into DC power, the EV charging station also including a first DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the AC-DC converter and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the first electrical reservoir, the EV charging station also including a second DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the first electrical reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the second electrical reservoir.

[0047] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the second electrical reservoir, the EV charging station further comprising an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical device and converts the AC power to DC power, the EV charging station further comprising a first DC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical device and converts the AC power to DC power. The EV charging station further comprises a first DC-DC power converter, which receives DC power from the first electric reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the second electric reservoir. The EV charging station further comprises a third DC-DC power converter, which receives DC power from the second electric reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the EV charger.

[0048] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station including or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the second electrical reservoir, the EV charging station further including an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical device and converts the AC power to DC power, the EV charging station further including a first DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the AC-DC converter and converts the DC power to DC power. The EV charging station further comprises a first DC-DC power converter, the second DC-DC power converter receiving DC power from the first electric reservoir and converting the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the second electric reservoir, the EV charging station further comprises a third DC-DC power converter receiving DC power from the second electric reservoir and converting the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the EV charger, wherein the EV charger comprises a fourth DC-DC power converter for converting DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the EV.

[0049] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station including or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; a third electrical reservoir that receives power from the second electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the third electrical reservoir, the EV charging station also including an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical device and converts the AC power into DC power.

[0050] The subject matter currently described relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging electric vehicles (EVs), the EV charging station including or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; a third electrical reservoir that receives power from the second electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the third electrical reservoir, the EV charging station also including an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical device and converts the AC power into DC power, the EV charging station also including a first DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the AC-DC converter and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the first electrical reservoir.

[0051] The subject matter currently described relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging electric vehicles (EVs), the EV charging station including or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; a third electrical reservoir that receives power from the second electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the third electrical reservoir, the EV charging station also including an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical device and converts the AC power into DC power, the EV charging station also including a first DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the AC-DC converter and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the first electrical reservoir, the EV charging station also including a second DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the first electrical reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the second electrical reservoir.

[0052] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station including or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; a third electrical reservoir that receives power from the second electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the third electrical reservoir, the EV charging station also including an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical device and converts the AC power into DC power, the EV charging station also including a first DC-DC power converter, the first DC The C-DC power converter receives DC power from the AC-DC converter and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the first electric storage. The EV charging station also includes a second DC-DC power converter, which receives DC power from the first electric storage and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the second electric storage. The EV charging station also includes a third DC-DC power converter, which receives DC power from the second electric storage and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the third electric storage.

[0053] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station including or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; a third electrical reservoir that receives power from the second electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the third electrical reservoir, the EV charging station also including an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical device and converts the AC power into DC power, the EV charging station also including a first DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the AC-DC converter and converts the DC power into DC power for charging the EV. The first electric reservoir supplies DC power for DC power, the EV charging station also includes a second DC-DC power converter, the second DC-DC power converter receives DC power from the first electric reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the second electric reservoir, the EV charging station also includes a third DC-DC power converter, the third DC-DC power converter receives DC power from the second electric reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the third electric reservoir, the EV charging station also includes a third DC-DC power converter, the third DC-DC power converter receives DC power from the third electric reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the EV charger.

[0054] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging electric vehicles (EVs), the EV charging station including or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; a third electrical reservoir that receives power from the second electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the third electrical reservoir, the EV charging station also including an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical device and converts the AC power into DC power, the EV charging station also including a first DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the AC-DC converter and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the first electrical reservoir, and the EV charging station also including The EV charging station further includes a second DC-DC power converter, which receives DC power from the first electric reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the second electric reservoir. The EV charging station also includes a third DC-DC power converter, which receives DC power from the second electric reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the third electric reservoir. The EV charging station also includes a third DC-DC power converter, which receives DC power from the third electric reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the EV charger, wherein the EV charger includes a fifth DC-DC power converter for converting DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the EV.

[0055] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the second electrical reservoir.

[0056] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; a third electrical reservoir that receives power from the second electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the third electrical reservoir; wherein the first electrical reservoir comprises a flow battery.

[0057] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the second electrical reservoir.

[0058] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; a third electrical reservoir that receives power from the second electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the third electrical reservoir; wherein the first electrical reservoir comprises a lithium-ion battery.

[0059] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the second electrical reservoir.

[0060] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; a third electrical reservoir that receives power from the second electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the third electrical reservoir; wherein the first electrical reservoir comprises an electrical storage capacitor.

[0061] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir that receives power from the first electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger that receives power from the second electrical reservoir.

[0062] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device receiving power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir receiving power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir receiving power from the first electrical reservoir; a third electrical reservoir receiving power from the second electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger receiving power from the third electrical reservoir; wherein the EV charging station is configured to selectively or simultaneously provide power for charging the EV from the power source, the first electrical reservoir, and / or the second electrical reservoir.

[0063] The presently described subject matter relates to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of: a power source; an electrical device receiving power from the power source; a first electrical reservoir receiving power from the electrical device; a second electrical reservoir receiving power from the first electrical reservoir; a third electrical reservoir receiving power from the second electrical reservoir; and a first EV charger receiving power from the third electrical reservoir; wherein the EV charging station is configured to selectively or simultaneously provide power for charging the EV from the power source, the first electrical reservoir, the second electrical reservoir, and / or the third electrical reservoir. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0064] Figure 1 is a schematic of a fuel / electric station according to the present invention.

[0065] Figure 2 is Figure 1 is another schematic of a fuel / electric station shown in

[0066] Figure 3 is Figure 1 is a schematic of the structure and arrangement of a fuel / electric station shown in

[0067] Figure 4 is a schematic of the structure and arrangement of a fuel / electric station (e.g., a portable fuel / electric station for use with a fuel / electric station shown in Figure 1

[0068] Figure 5 is a schematic of a flow battery for use in a fuel / electric station shown in Figures 1 to 3

[0069] Figure 6 is a flow chart showing the flow of power from an electrical reservoir (e.g., a flow battery, a lithium ion battery, a power storage capacitor, a fuel cell) to a fuel / electric pump (e.g., an EV pump, an EV charger, and / or a fuel pump). ​​

[0070] Figure 7 is a side view of a fuel / electric pump according to the present invention.

[0071] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of electric power from a power source and an electric storage device for charging an EV.

[0072] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of electricity from the fuel / electric pump, the electrical reservoir, and / or the lithium-ion battery to charge the EV.

[0073] Figure 10 is a flow chart showing the flow of power from an electrical reservoir (eg, flow battery, lithium-ion battery, power storage capacitor, fuel cell) to a fuel / electric pump including a fuel pump and an EV charger.

[0074] Figure 11 is a side view of a fuel / electric pump including a fuel pump and an EV charger according to the present invention.

[0075] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of power from a power source (eg, a grid) and an electrical storage device to charge an EV.

[0076] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of electricity from the fuel / electric pump's electrical reservoir and lithium-ion battery to charge an EV.

[0077] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram showing a fuel / power station comprising a plurality, for example four (4), of modular power subunits.

[0078] Figure 15 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a fuel / power station shown in , which is augmented with additional electrical storage.

[0079] Figure 16 is a flow chart showing the flow of power from an electrical reservoir (e.g., a flow battery, a lithium-ion battery, a power storage capacitor, a fuel cell) to a second electrical reservoir (e.g., a battery, a lithium-ion battery, a power storage capacitor, a fuel cell) to a third electrical reservoir (e.g., a battery, a lithium-ion battery, a power storage capacitor, a fuel cell) to a fuel / electric pump (e.g., an EV pump, an EV charger and / or a fuel pump).

[0080] Figure 17 is a block diagram of a communication system for a fuel / station according to the present invention for communicating with an electric vehicle being recharged.

[0081] Figure 18 yes Figure 16 FIG. 4 is a diagram of a communication interface of a communication system shown in FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A fuel / station 10 (eg, a gasoline / station) according to the present invention is shown in FIG. The fuel / station 10 is constructed, arranged, and designed to both dispense fuel (eg, gas, diesel, propane, liquid propane, hydrogen) and recharge electric vehicles (EVs).

[0083] The fuel / electric station 10 includes a plurality of fuel / electric pumps 12 (e.g., gasoline pumps). Each of the fuel / electric pumps 12 includes an electric vehicle charger or EV charger for recharging EVs and a fuel pump for refueling fuel-type vehicles (e.g., gasoline, diesel, gas, propane, liquid propane, hydrogen). Each of the fuel / electric pumps 12 can include electrical components, such as electrical components for charging EVs (e.g., EV charger, DC-DC converter, battery, lithium-ion battery, power storage capacitor, fuel cell), and electrical components for refueling conventional fuel-type vehicles (e.g., having an internal combustion engine) (e.g., fuel pump, fuel gauge, fuel filter, electrical control), for example, within a housing or compartment of the fuel / electric pump 12. For example, the fuel / electric pump 12 can include cooling equipment (e.g., fan, refrigeration, cooling cycle system) to remove heat from the housing, compartment, and electrical components.

[0084] Figure 1 The fuel / electric pumps 12 are shown in FIG as having two (2) banks of three (3) fuel / electric pumps 12. However, more or fewer fuel / electric pumps 12 may be provided in a bank, or there may be more or fewer banks.

[0085] like Figure 7 As shown, each fuel / electric pump 12 has a display 14, a charging cable 16A with an electrical connector 16B configured for EV hookup and recharging, a gas hose 18A equipped with a gas nozzle 18B, a DC-DC converter 60, a current limiter 61, and an internal lithium-ion battery 19 (e.g., a battery, multiple batteries, power storage capacitors, fuel cells). Alternatively, the fuel / electric pump 12 can be constructed or configured as an electric pump configured only to charge EVs (i.e., a "charge-only" pump) or as a fuel pump configured only to pump fuel (i.e., a "fuel-only" pump). The fuel pump (e.g., gasoline pump) can be spaced apart from the electric pump including or consisting of the EV charger in various arrangements and / or locations on the premises of the fuel / electric station 10.

[0086] Likewise, the illustrated fuel / electric pump 12 includes components or parts for both pumping gas and EV charging. For example, the fuel / electric pump 12 may include a lithium-ion battery 19, a power storage capacitor, a fuel cell, an electronic controller configured to control the voltage and current supplied by the lithium-ion battery 19 to the electric vehicle (EV), fuel pump components, and / or safety electronics (e.g., to stop all dispensing, stop EV charging, stop fuel pumping, trigger a Halon fire suppression system, spark suppression, and operational lockout detection and control for either a "fuel only" filling mode or a "charge only" charging mode).

[0087] same, Figure 1 and Figure 2 The arrangement shown in can be modified where the rows of fuel / electric pumps 12 shown are replaced with one or more rows of "fuel only" pumps and one or more rows of "charge only" pumps that are spaced apart and separated for safety reasons (e.g., to prevent fuel vapor from approaching electrical equipment and potential sparks). However, the fuel / electric pump 12 can be configured or designed to provide spark suppression, high-level electrical grounding, redundant electrical grounding, separate compartments or containment structures for separate gas and electrical operations, air exhaust or air or gas (e.g., nitrogen) circulation pumps, fans, and / or refrigeration to allow both gas and electric operation within the same fuel / electric pump 12. Likewise, the fuel / electric pump 12 can be configured or designed to initially allow only one mode of operation, e.g., with a timed pause between operations to allow an air exhaust or circulation pump to move any remaining fuel or fuel vapor to the atmosphere after the gas mode of operation.

[0088] The fuel / station 10 includes an underground fuel storage tank 20 connected to individual fuel / electricity pumps 12 via a main fuel supply line 22, which is connected to and supplies individual fuel lines 24 (i.e., a fuel distribution arrangement and system). The fuel / station 10 also includes an underground electrical reservoir 26 connected to each fuel / electricity pump 12 via a main power line 28, which is connected to and supplies power to various electrical lines 30 (i.e., a power distribution arrangement and system). The fuel / station 10 is expected to provide high-speed recharging of electric vehicles in a time frame similar to the time it takes to fill a vehicle with fuel (e.g., configured to recharge an electric vehicle (EV) in 5 to 15 minutes).

[0089] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As an alternative to the illustrated fuel / power station 10, multiple fuel tanks 20 and / or multiple electrical storages 26 may be provided at the fuel / power station 10 to accommodate larger and / or higher demands. For example, the fuel / power station may include or be composed of multiple electrical subunits, each including electrical storage and multiple fuel / electricity pumps 12.

[0090] The electrical storage 26 may be a device or apparatus configured to store a large amount of electricity. For example, the electrical storage 26 may be a battery, a flow battery, a lithium-ion battery, an array of lithium-ion batteries (e.g., a battery pack), a power storage capacitor (e.g., a supercapacitor), and / or a fuel cell. For example, the electrical storage 26 may be a large flow battery or a plurality of lithium-ion batteries (e.g., located adjacent to the fuel / electric pump 12, located within the fuel / electric pump, and configured to quickly charge the EV). The electrical storage 26 may be designed, constructed, and sized to accommodate the needs of the projected number of EVs to be recharged based on hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and annual schedules.

[0091] The electrical storage 26 is powered by underground power lines 32 connected to electrical equipment 34 (e.g., electrical equipment panels), for example, located in the storage 36. A high-power equipment line 38 provides power from a power source 40 (e.g., a power grid, a power station, a transmission line, a transmission station, a generator, a fuel generator, a solar panel, a wind turbine). An energy meter 35 (e.g., located on one side of the storage 36) can be provided to meter the input power from the power source 40.

[0092] Furthermore, an electronic controller 41 may be provided in the power line 32 for controlling the charging of the electrical storage 26 via the power line 32. For example, the electronic controller 41 may be a component or part of the electrical storage 26, or a separate component or part (e.g., located on the premises of the fuel / power station 10). For example, the electronic controller 41 may be a programmable electronic controller.

[0093] In addition, if Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, an AC / DC converter 43 may be provided in the power line 32 for converting the input AC power into DC power so as to charge the electric storage 26 via the power line 32. For example, the AC / DC converter 43 may be a component or part of the electric storage 26, or a separate component or part (e.g., located on the premises of the fuel / power station 10).

[0094] The electrical storage 26 can be recharged in a variety of ways. For example, the electrical storage 26 can be charged continuously, intermittently, variably, on demand, and / or according to a program or algorithm. For example, a charging strategy can be to charge the electrical storage 26 in a manner that reduces or minimizes demand (e.g., avoiding peak demand on the power source 40) while meeting the demand for charging the predicted number of electric vehicles throughout the schedule. The program or algorithm can be configured to learn and store data about the demand at a given time during each specific day throughout the year, seasons (e.g., summer, fall, winter, and spring), and holidays to update and improve future demand forecasts.

[0095] Charging the electrical storage 26 may involve continuously charging the electrical storage 26 at a uniform or varying rate. Alternatively, the electrical storage 26 may be recharged intermittently at a fixed rate and / or charged at different rates over different time periods. In any case, the goal is to construct and arrange the fuel / station 10 to provide sufficient power availability to always meet the peak demand for recharging EVs at the fuel / station 10 while minimizing the peak power demand on the power source 40.

[0096] Fuel / Power Station 10 Figures 1 to 3 , and / or another operation (eg, a batch located at a different location, eg, a remote location) may be equipped with power units 126, 226, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, the power units 126, 226 are constructed and arranged to provide recharging only; however, the units 126, 226 can be modified to provide fuel refueling for conventional fuel type vehicles or electrical recharging for EVs. The power units 126, 226 can be connected to and powered by, for example, the electrical panel 34 of the fuel / station 10.

[0097] The portable version of the power unit 126, 226 can be a portable power unit. For example, a 20-foot mobile storage container can be equipped with a pure electric charge pump 12, and a 40-foot mobile storage container can be equipped with two pure electric charge pumps 12. The portable power unit 126, 226 can be transported to a site (e.g., a new site, a local site, a remote site) and connected to begin operation. The portable version of the power unit 126, 226 can be particularly useful for providing temporary operation, remote operation, and providing inexpensive, reusable, or relocatable operation.

[0098] For example, Figures 1 to 3 The electrical storage device 26 shown may be Figure 5 The flow battery 50 shown. Specifically, the flow battery 50 can be constructed, configured and / or designed to be used as Figures 1 to 3 The fuel / electricity storage 26 in the power station 10 shown in FIG. Figure 3 Portable forms of the power units 126 and 226 are shown in FIG.

[0099] For example, the flow battery 50 includes an AQDS / AQDSH electrolyte storage tank with a circulation pump, and an HBr / Br2 electrolyte storage tank with another circulation pump and a pair of spaced-apart porous carbon electrodes separated by a proton exchange membrane. The flow battery 50 is connected to the power supply cable 32 (power source) and the main power supply cable 22 to the fuel / electric pump 12 to supply the fuel / electric pump 12.

[0100] like Figure 6 As shown, at least one DC-DC converter 60 may receive power from electrical reservoir 26 and then provide power to fuel / electric pump 12. Converter 60 may be a component or part of electrical reservoir 26 and / or a component or part of fuel / electric pump 12.

[0101] flow batteries

[0102] Likewise, the electrical storage 26 may be one or more flow batteries 50. The open circuit voltage of a redox flow battery cell stack is proportional to the number of cells connected in series, as with any other battery.

[0103] In order to charge the EV battery, the voltage provided by the flow battery 50 must be adjustable to the level to which the EV battery needs to be charged (e.g., it may assume several different intermediate levels during the charging process). Following the flow battery, a suitably designed DC-DC converter 60 with appropriate sensing and feedback mechanisms (e.g., housed in the fuel / electric pump 12, as shown in FIG. 2 ) is provided. Figure 7 ) provides the desired voltage to charge the EV battery. For example, the Tesla Model S has a battery voltage of approximately 350V DC.

[0104] The voltage available from the electrical storage 26 (e.g., flow battery 50) itself will depend on its configuration (i.e., the number of cells in the battery pack, the number of battery packs connected in series). For example, the following has been demonstrated in a vanadium flow battery installed in 2009 that included three battery packs with 40 cells in each pack. The packs were electrically connected in series, which provided a potential of approximately 165V (Resol National Sustainable Energy Laboratory Report ( National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy Report, Risø-R-1753 (EN), February 2011, Technical University of Denmark.

[0105] The voltage can be increased by adding more battery packs in series. Another way to increase the voltage to the desired charge level is to use a power electronic boost converter in the DC-DC converter 60 present at the fuel / electric pump 12. The choice of topology to achieve the desired charge voltage will depend on the economics of each option and the physical space (real estate) required for each option.

[0106] The output voltage of the DC-DC converter 60 will depend on the EV model being charged, which can have widely varying battery voltages or charging port form factors. It is conceivable that the DC-DC converter power electronics can provide the required voltage levels for a specific range of battery voltages. If the EV battery voltage requirements exceed what a single DC-DC converter 60 design can provide, or if the charging port form factor is completely different, a different pump type 212 will need to be provided to interface with the same electrical reservoir 26 (e.g., flow battery 50).

[0107] Any EV battery will need to be charged at its manufacturer's recommended current level, which must not exceed a maximum current level to protect the EV battery and limit voltage drops in the cable connected to the charging inlet port on the EV. The current limiting function in the DC-DC converter 60 will provide this protection.

[0108] If the output voltage of the electrical storage 26 (e.g., flow battery 50) is higher than the EV battery voltage, the DC-DC converter 60 will be of the "buck" type, consisting of MOSFET or IGBT type power electronic switches. Due to the high currents involved during fast charging, it is preferred to operate the switches with low-loss switching methods, such as "zero voltage switching" and synchronous rectification. The DC-DC converter 60 will then simply consist of power electronic switches arranged in a "half bridge" and a subsequent current limiter 61 (e.g., an LC filter) to reduce the voltage ripple caused by the power electronic switching mechanism.

[0109] If the output voltage of the electrical storage 26 (e.g., flow battery 50) is lower than or close to the EV battery voltage, the DC-DC converter 60 will have a first "boost" stage, followed by a "DC link" capacitor, followed by a "buck" stage and LC filter. The "boost" stage steps up the voltage available from the flow battery to a higher voltage, and then steps down this higher voltage to the required EV battery voltage during the charging process. Again, the operation of the step-up and step-down stages is performed while minimizing losses in the converter.

[0110] The AC-DC power converter 43, located after the AC power source 40 supplying power to the electrical panel 40 or cable 32, may include a rectifier 62 stage followed by a DC-DC converter 64 stage. The rectifier 62 stage is required to convert the AC voltage to a DC voltage. The DC-DC converter 64, or converter stage, is required to convert the rectified (DC) voltage to the voltage of the electrical reservoir 26, as required during its charging process. The rectifier stage is typically a full-bridge "controlled rectifier" type implemented using MOSFET or IGBT type switches. The rectifier stage will be controlled to achieve "power factor correction" on its AC side to meet power quality requirements set by the utility. The DC-DC converter 64 stage may be a "buck" type, or a "boost" type followed by a "buck" type, depending on whether the flow battery voltage is lower or higher than the rectified voltage. The DC-DC converter 64 stage may include an LC filter 66 to eliminate voltage ripple caused by the power electronics switching mechanism. Again, the power electronics switches will need to be operated to minimize losses.

[0111] EV electric pump high energy cable

[0112] Fuel / electric pump 12( Figure 7 )'s high-energy cables, 16A, will be able to safely deliver 350kW of power to recharge electric vehicles. Large copper cables are necessary to manage this high power. Power is a combination of voltage and current. Today's electric vehicles are built with batteries running at up to 350V to 400V DC. In the future, this voltage will be even higher to support longer driving distances and faster speeds. Charging currents of 400 to 500 amps are expected to provide rapid charging success.

[0113] The charging cable must be manufactured using 0000AWG (approximately 0.5" diameter) or larger diameter to handle the required charging current. The interface to the vehicle must also be large conductors. One large cable or two smaller cables can be used to provide the necessary power delivery. The advantage of two cables is that they make operation between the EV power pump and the EV easier. The two cable connections can also serve as a safety key for the charging process. More specifically, the EV power pump must detect a solid state connection of the two conductors in order for the charging process to begin. An "electronic safety key / lock" will also be used to ensure that the connection to the pump is to a valid EV that is ready to be charged. This safety key can be part of the pump's safety software, and the EV must provide a valid response in order to start the pump. In this way, the pump will never connect high power to the cable unless it is safely and clearly determined that a valid EV is connected and ready to charge.

[0114] The conductors between the EV power pump and the EV must be made of a highly conductive heavy gauge metal (such as copper or silver) and must be of a low corrosion type. For safety purposes, the connector at the end of the high energy cable 16A must not have any exposed metal parts, and if two cables are used, the cables must be interchangeable or keyed so that they cannot be inserted or connected incorrectly.

[0115] The use of highly conductive cables and contacts will ensure that minimal energy is lost during the critical charging process. It is very important to transfer maximum energy (ie power times time) during the charging process.

[0116] Charging interruption safety will also be provided to prevent accidents such as people attempting to drive away during the charging process, or even environmental incidents such as earthquakes. An inhibit signal will be provided from the pump, which EV manufacturers can use to disable the EV from driving during the charging process. However, if the cable is accidentally pulled out of the pump during the charging process, the pump will detect this and shut down the power supply, making it unavailable to the outside world.

[0117] For safety purposes, a main shut-off lever will also be provided which shuts off the power from the battery reservoir.

[0118] Maximum power sharing

[0119] like Figure 8 As shown, a high-speed electric vehicle charging station and system according to the present invention may include a maximum power sharing function between charging the energy storage and charging the EV.

[0120] If the electrical storage 26 used is a redox flow battery 50, it cannot be charged while delivering power to the output. This is because the pump flow changes direction accordingly. Due to this limitation, the additional power normally used to charge the redox flow battery can be used to help charge the actual EV.

[0121] This feature allows for relay switching to select the charging target. During periods when no EV is at the pump, the redox battery can be selected and continuously charged. Once the EV is ready to charge, the system can switch to providing maximum power to the EV by transferring power from the energy storage to the EV.

[0122] Note that the charger 43'( Figure 8 ) may include Figure 1 An AC-DC power converter 43 is shown, along with other electrical components or parts, to configure a charger 43' for charging the electrical reservoir 26. Alternatively, the charger 43' may be a different type of charger than the AC-to-DC power converter 43.

[0123] like Figure 9 As shown, this type of feature can be similarly applied to the fuel / electric pump 12. The DC power from the electrical storage 26 is directed to the DC-DC converter 60. The DC-DC power from the DC-DC converter 60 can be selectively used to charge the lithium-ion battery 19, or can be used to charge the EV charged by the fuel / electric pump 12. Optionally, due to Figure 9 With the switching arrangement shown, power from the DC-DC converter 60 and the lithium-ion battery 19 can be used simultaneously to charge the EV.

[0124] Figure 8 and Figure 9 The features of can be separated or combined together into the fuel / power station 10.

[0125] Fuel / electric pump

[0126] The fuel / electricity station 10 includes a plurality of fuel / electricity pumps 12. The fuel / electricity pumps 12 can be configured in at least three (3) basic modes, including 1) configured for EV charging and refueling; 2) configured for EV charging only; and 3) configured for refueling only.

[0127] like Figures 10 to 13 As shown, the fuel / electricity pump 12 includes an EV charger 12A. The EV charger 12A includes electrical components for charging an EV, such as a DC-DC converter.

[0128] Modular power subunits

[0129] The fuel / power station 10 includes one or more modular power subunits. For example, Figure 14 As shown, the fuel / station 10 includes four (4) modular power subunits 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D. The modular power subunits are configured to allow one or more additional modular power subunits to be added and installed in the fuel / station 10 to increase the charging capacity of the fuel / station. For example, the fuel / station 10 may include one or more modular power subunits (e.g., one (1) to one hundred (100) modular power subunits 2) installed at one or more fuel / stations 10 located at one or more interconnected locations. For example, many modular power subunits may be supplied to a parking garage or interconnected parking garages to accommodate charging of a large number of electric vehicles or a fleet of electric vehicles.

[0130] The modular power subunits 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D may be powered by one or more power sources (e.g., one or more power supply lines from a grid, a power station, a generator, a solar panel, a wind turbine, a power storage facility, or a device). Figure 14As shown, the modular power subunits 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D are provided with power from four power supplies 40A, 40B, 40C, 40D, which may be the same power source or different power sources.

[0131] like Figure 14 As shown, each of the four (4) modular power subunits 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D is provided with a separate electrical device 34A, 34B, 34C, 34D.

[0132] For example, the modular power subunits 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D include or consist of one or more electrical storage devices. Figure 14 In the embodiment, the modular power subunits 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D include electrical storage 26A, 26B, 26C, 26D, respectively. For example, the fuel / electric pumps 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D each include a lithium-ion battery 19 ( Figure 11 ).

[0133] For example, the modular subunits are provided with various AC-DC and DC-DC converters to tailor power to specific components or parts of the fuel / power station 10. For example, a DC-DC converter is provided upstream of each electrical reservoir to tailor the charging power to the specific electrical reservoir.

[0134] Multi-level electrical storage

[0135] The fuel / power station 10 includes one or more electrical storages. For example, the fuel / power station 10 includes a first electrical storage 26-1 and a second electrical storage 26-2, such as Figure 15 and Figure 16 As another example, the fuel / power station 10 includes a first electrical storage 26-1, a second electrical storage 26-2, and a third electrical storage 26-3, as shown in FIG. Figure 15 and 16 As shown. Additional layers of electrical storage (e.g., four or more) may be provided at the fuel / electric station 10 to provide the fuel / electric station 10 with additional power storage capacity, power redundancy, and power switching from one or more electrical storage devices to a specific fuel / electric pump 12. For example, various electrical storage devices, either individually or in combination, may be connected to a specific fuel / electric pump 12 to meet the charging needs of that specific fuel / electric pump 12 and all other fuel / electric pumps in use. A computer control system is provided to monitor the demand on each fuel / electric pump 12 and, for example, switch appropriate power at a programmed time or in real time to meet the demand on each fuel / electric pump 12.

[0136] communication

[0137] Communication is required between the EV charger and the vehicle. Communication standards have been created for the EV industry, such as IEC 61851-21, IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24, ISO 15118, PLC, and more.

[0138] Hardware and software will be integrated to support one or more of these standards, allowing for proper handshaking between EV chargers and vehicles. This hardware / software will support digital communication, digitally encoded information exchange, and the methods by which EVs are exchanged between DC EV charging stations and EVs.

[0139] exist Figure 17 1 shows digital communications between a DC EV charging station (eg, fuel / electric station 10) and an electric vehicle for controlling DC charging.

[0140] Figure 18 A schematic block diagram example of system A is shown in . An interface circuit for charging control between the station and the electric vehicle is provided for digital communication with the vehicle.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle charging station for charging an electric vehicle, the electric vehicle charging station comprising: power supply; an electrical device that receives power from the power source; a first electrical storage device receiving electrical power from the electrical device; a second electrical storage device receiving power from the first electrical storage device; a third electrical storage device receiving power from the second electrical storage device; as well as a first electric vehicle charger receiving power from a third electrical storage; wherein the electrical device is a plurality of electrical devices, the first electrical storage device is a plurality of first electrical storage devices that respectively receive power from each of the plurality of electrical devices, the second electrical storage device is a plurality of second electrical storage devices that respectively receive power from each of the plurality of first electrical storage devices, the third electrical storage device is a plurality of third electrical storage devices that respectively receive power from each of the plurality of second electrical storage devices, and the first electric vehicle charger is a plurality of electric vehicle chargers that respectively receive power from each of the plurality of third electrical storage devices. 2 . The electric vehicle charging station of claim 1 , further comprising an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical device and converts the AC power into DC power.

3. The electric vehicle charging station according to claim 2, further comprising a first DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the AC-DC power converter and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the first electrical storage.

4. The electric vehicle charging station according to claim 3, further comprising a second DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the first electrical storage and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the second electrical storage.

5. The electric vehicle charging station according to claim 4, further comprising a third DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the second electrical storage and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the third electrical storage.

6. The electric vehicle charging station according to claim 4, further comprising a third DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the third electrical storage and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the first electric vehicle charger.

7. The electric vehicle charging station according to claim 1, wherein: The first electrical storage device comprises a flow battery.

8. The electric vehicle charging station according to claim 1, wherein: The first electrical storage device includes a lithium-ion battery.

9. The electric vehicle charging station according to claim 1, wherein: The first electrical reservoir comprises an electrical storage capacitor.

10. The electric vehicle charging station according to claim 1, wherein The electric vehicle charging station is configured to selectively or simultaneously provide electric power for charging the electric vehicle from the power source, the first electric storage, the second electric storage, and / or the third electric storage.

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