An apparatus and method for automatically maintaining the weight of overburden on an underground archaeological structure

Abstract

The application discloses a device and method for automatically maintaining the weight of overlying soil of underground cultural relic structure, which insulates the sealing layer wrapped around the underground cultural relic body from other soil through a three-way water-stopping curtain, and a waterproof layer is covered on the sealing layer; a shell is arranged on the top of the three-way water-stopping curtain, and a water drainage hole is formed in the bottom of the shell; water is drained from the water drainage hole in the bottom of the shell to the waterproof layer and is discharged through a drainage pipeline; the top end of a water guide vertical rod is a hemisphere, the rod body is arranged from one side of the shell to one side of the waterproof layer through the water drainage hole, the bottom of the rod body is sleeved in a spring, and the spring and the bottom of the rod body are fixed on the waterproof layer. When the water amount reaches a set limit value, the spring is compressed and deformed to form a gap between the shell and the water guide vertical rod, a drainage channel is formed, and the excess water flows out from the water drainage hole and the drainage pipeline, and then the spring is restored. The device and method can reduce the repeated effects of floating, sinking and resetting of the underground cultural relic structure caused by rainfall, and automatically maintain the weight stability of the overlying soil of the underground cultural relic structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground cultural relic structure protection technology, specifically to a device and method for automatically maintaining the weight of the soil covering an underground cultural relic structure. Background Technology

[0002] Most underground cultural relics in China are constructed of brick and stone. After being buried underground for a long time, subsequent excavations and archaeological work have altered the external environment, disrupting the original structural equilibrium, particularly damaging the stability of the overlying soil layer. Existing research has found that the weight of the overlying soil layer on underground cultural relics undergoes slight deformation due to rainfall. When the weight of the overlying soil changes significantly, the underground cultural relics undergo repeated uplift-sinking-resetting changes. Due to the rigidity of underground brick and stone structures, their tensile and shear strengths are relatively low, and they cannot withstand repeated and large-scale displacement changes over a long period. Therefore, maintaining the stability of the weight of the overlying soil layer on underground cultural relics is crucial.

[0003] Current research and protective measures regarding the weight stability of the overlying soil in underground cultural relics structures remain passive, failing to prevent already damaged structures from experiencing a cycle of floating, sinking, and repositioning. These minor, frequent, and long-term repeated impacts cause structural damage, mural detachment, and groundwater accumulation. High-sensitivity monitoring instruments can detect this long-term deterioration trend; without appropriate protective measures, the long-term preservation of underground cultural relics will face significant challenges.

[0004] The device and method for automatically maintaining the weight of the soil covering the underground cultural relic structure provided by this invention can not only achieve the purpose of automatically maintaining the weight of the soil covering, but also adjust the working conditions of the device by designing the stiffness of the spring and adjusting the distance between the filter screen and the outer shell. It has the characteristics of being proactive and mechanical, and has a wide range of applications and many usage scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a device and method for automatically maintaining the weight of the overlying soil of underground cultural relics structures. This addresses the problem of floating, sinking, and resetting of existing underground cultural relics structures due to environmental influences, and aims to maintain the stability of the weight of the overlying soil of underground cultural relics structures. This provides a new approach and method for the protection of underground cultural relics structures.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a device for automatically maintaining the weight of the soil covering the underground cultural relic structure, comprising a three-way water-stop curtain, an outer shell, a water-guiding vertical rod, a spring, a waterproof layer, a drainage pipe, a sealing soil layer, and the underground cultural relic body.

[0007] The three-dimensional water-stop curtain isolates the earthen sealing layer, which encloses the underground cultural relic, from other soil bodies, and a waterproof layer covers the earthen sealing layer.

[0008] The top of the three-way water-stop curtain is equipped with an outer shell, which is grooved and has several drainage holes at the bottom. Water inside the outer shell leaks from the drainage holes at the bottom to the waterproof layer and is discharged through drainage pipes installed on the side wall of the three-way water-stop curtain.

[0009] The top of the water-guiding vertical rod is a hemisphere. The rod body passes through the drainage hole from one side of the outer shell to the other side of the waterproof layer. The bottom of the rod body is fitted inside the spring, and the spring and the bottom of the rod body are fixed to the waterproof layer.

[0010] More preferably, the three-dimensional water-stop curtain adopts the form of a continuous underground wall, with the top and both sides of the shell connected by a barbed groove; drainage pipes are laid at the intersection of the three-dimensional water-stop curtain and the waterproof layer; the shell shape is similar to a truncated pyramid.

[0011] More preferably, a filter screen is provided inside the outer casing, and the top of the filter screen is fixed to the outer casing; the distance between the bottom of the filter screen and the hemispherical part of the water guide rod is not less than 100mm.

[0012] More preferably, the water guide vertical rod is matched with the drainage hole, and the diameter of the drainage hole is equal to the diameter of the top hemisphere of the water guide vertical rod, which is greater than the diameter of the water guide vertical rod body.

[0013] More preferably, the top hemisphere of the water guide rod is wrapped with a rubber sleeve to ensure good airtightness.

[0014] More preferably, a spring connecting beam is set between the springs at the bottom of several water guide vertical rods to connect all the springs together. The spring connecting beam is constructed by on-site casting, and the material is waterproof concrete with a seepage prevention grade of P8.

[0015] More preferably, the outer shell, filter screen, water guide rod, and spring are made of stainless steel; the waterproof layer consists of two layers, with the lower layer being cast concrete with a seepage resistance grade of P8, and the upper layer being APP modified bitumen waterproof membrane; the drainage pipe is made of HDPE plastic-steel spiral wound pipe.

[0016] More preferably, the two ends of the spring are tightly joined and the end faces are ground flat, and the elastic modulus of the spring is:

[0017] Among them G 水 It is the weight of the water inside the device when it is working, and x is the magnitude of the vertical deformation of the device.

[0018] A method for automatically maintaining the weight of the overlying soil of underground cultural relics structures specifically includes the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Excavate the soil covering the underground cultural relic structure and use a three-dimensional water-stop curtain to isolate the sealing soil layer covering the underground cultural relic from other soil bodies; construct a waterproof layer on the sealing soil layer.

[0020] Step 2: Insert the water-guiding vertical rod through the drainage hole from one side of the outer shell to the other side of the waterproof layer. The bottom of the rod is fitted inside the spring, and the spring is fixed to the waterproof layer.

[0021] Step 3: Backfill the shell with gravelly soil and clayey soil in sequence, and check the airtightness of the shell and the water guide rod when they are in contact and the flowability when they are separated.

[0022] Step 4: When water accumulates inside the outer casing, the spring is compressed and deformed, causing the outer casing to descend vertically. The accumulated water flows out from the gap between the drainage hole and the water guide rod and is discharged through the drainage pipe.

[0023] Step 5: After the water is drained, the spring returns to its original length, causing the outer casing to rise vertically, and the hemispherical part of the water guide rod re-blocks the drainage hole.

[0024] More preferably, under normal conditions, the hemispherical portion of the water-guiding vertical rod is in close contact with the outer casing; when the water volume inside the casing meets G... 水 ≥0.1(G 文物 +G 浮 ), where G 水 It is the gravity of the water inside the device when it is working, G 文物 It is the weight of the artifact when the device is working, G 文物 The buoyancy of the artifact, combined with the increased weight of the water, will press down on the outer shell and spring, causing the hemispherical part of the water guide rod to separate from the outer shell, exposing several drainage holes at the bottom. The rainwater inside can then be discharged to the outside of the affected artifact through the drainage holes and drainage pipes.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) The present invention can maintain the weight of the soil covering the underground cultural relic structure, so as to protect it from the impact of environmental changes, and the materials used in each component can be stored in the soil for a long time, which is in line with the principle of reducing disturbance to underground cultural relic structures.

[0027] (2) In this invention, the three-dimensional water-stop curtain plays a horizontal limiting role on the underground cultural relic structure, which can reduce the impact of surrounding environmental disturbances on the underground cultural relic structure and improve the horizontal stability of the underground cultural relic structure itself. The outer shell, water-guiding vertical rods and springs work together to drain the accumulated water in the overlying soil and protect the integrity of the cultural relic.

[0028] (3) The present invention can adjust the working conditions of the device by adjusting the spring stiffness and elastic modulus, as well as the distance between the filter screen and the outer shell. It has initiative and mechanical properties, and has a wide range of applications and many usage scenarios.

[0029] (4) The present invention has a high degree of automation and strong controllability. It is applicable to underground cultural relics such as mausoleums that are sensitive to the buoyancy of groundwater. It has little interference with the underground cultural relics themselves. The measures adopted are highly identifiable with the original cultural relics. It provides a brand-new approach for the protection of the large number of high-level underground cultural relics such as mausoleums in my country. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the protective device of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a top view of the protective device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a front view of the protective device of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a side structural cross-sectional view of the protective device of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative relationship between the outer shell, filter screen, and three-way water-stop curtain of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the water guide vertical rod and spring assembly of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the outer shell and the filter screen of the present invention.

[0037] The components include: 1. Three-dimensional water-stop curtain; 2. Outer shell; 3. Filter screen; 4. Water guide vertical rod; 5. Spring; 6. Waterproof layer; 7. Drainage pipe; 8. Sealing layer; 9. Underground cultural relic body; 10. Drainage hole; 11. Spring connecting beam. Detailed Implementation

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "left side," "right side," "upper part," "lower part," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First," "second," etc., do not indicate the importance of the components, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. The specific dimensions used in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0039] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0040] The main factor affecting the stability of underground cultural relics structures is the ratio of water to the weight of the original structure. For underground cultural relics such as mausoleums, due to the influence of traditional culture, the elevation of underground cultural relics structures of Chinese imperial mausoleums is generally located halfway up a mountain. The sides and top are waterproofed using traditional techniques of sealing or covering with soil. However, due to frequent looting and damage throughout history, the original waterproofing and drainage measures are often damaged. When protecting cultural relics, "minimal intervention" should be carried out based on the current state of the structure, and the protection measures should follow the principle of clear "identifiability". The sources of water affecting underground cultural relics are twofold. One is water from the mountain where the underground cultural relics are located. The storage and retention of water from upstream causes impact or increases lateral pressure on the upper part and sides of the underground cultural relics. The other is natural rainfall from the vertical, which increases the weight and reduces the strength of the top soil cover. Poor drainage leads to an increase in local buoyancy.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention takes measures for water flow in two directions. A three-way water-stop curtain is used to avoid the storage and retention of upstream water from affecting the lateral structure of underground cultural relics. A system consisting of an outer shell, filter screen, water guide rod, spring, waterproof layer and external drainage pipe is used to discharge this part of the water in time to maintain vertical load balance. The technical measures in the two directions complement each other.

[0042] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a device for automatically maintaining the weight of the soil covering an underground cultural relic structure includes a three-way water-stop curtain 1, an outer shell 2, a filter screen 3, a water-guiding vertical rod 4, a spring 5, a waterproof layer 6, a drainage pipe 7, a soil sealing layer 8, the underground cultural relic body 9, a drainage hole 10, and a spring connecting beam 11.

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, the three-dimensional water-stop curtain 1 isolates the sealing layer 8, which encloses the underground cultural relic body 9, from other soil masses. The sealing layer 8 is covered with a waterproof layer 6, which consists of two layers: a lower layer of 100mm thick poured concrete with a P8 impermeability rating, and an upper layer of 4mm thick APP modified bitumen waterproof membrane. The three-dimensional water-stop curtain prevents the underground cultural relic from being affected by water in its environment, while also providing support points for load transfer.

[0044] The three-dimensional water-stop curtain 1 adopts the form of a diaphragm wall. Its depth is determined according to the soil cover of the underground cultural relic structure. The distance between the bottom and the bottom slab of the cultural relic is not less than 1m and it is in an impermeable layer with a thickness of not less than 300mm. The inner side of the three-dimensional water-stop curtain 1 is connected to the waterproof layer 6, and the top is connected to both sides of the outer shell 2 using barbed grooves. Drainage pipes 7 are laid at the intersection of the three-dimensional water-stop curtain 1 and the waterproof layer 6. The drainage pipes 7 are made of HDPE plastic steel spiral wound pipes, which have the characteristics of corrosion resistance, light weight, easy installation, and long service life.

[0045] The top of the three-way water-stop curtain 1 is equipped with an outer shell 2, which is made of stainless steel and welded as a whole, and is shaped like a truncated square pyramid. Several drainage holes 10 are opened at the bottom of the outer shell 2; water inside the outer shell 2 leaks from the bottom drainage holes 10 to the waterproof layer 6, and is discharged through the drainage pipes 7 set on the side wall of the three-way water-stop curtain 1.

[0046] A filter screen 3, made of stainless steel, is installed inside the outer casing 2. The top of the filter screen 3 is fixed to the outer casing 2; the distance between the bottom of the filter screen 3 and the hemispherical part of the water guide vertical rod 4 is not less than 100mm, ensuring that the outer casing 2 and the filter screen 3 can move vertically as a whole. The filter screen 3 has a diameter of 20mm. The soil filling the filter screen is divided into two layers after manual replacement. The upper layer is cohesive soil, which can be planted with green vegetation to beautify the surface of the cultural relic site. The lower layer is gravelly soil. The particle size distribution of the backfilled cohesive soil and gravel is determined according to the specifications of the filter screen. The upper part of the filter screen 3 is embedded in the outer casing 2, forming a unified displacement system.

[0047] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the top of the water-guiding vertical rod 4 is a hemisphere. The rod passes through the drainage hole 10 from one side of the outer shell 2 to the other side of the waterproof layer 6. The bottom of the rod is fitted inside the spring 5, and the spring 5 and the bottom of the rod are fixed to the waterproof layer 6. The water-guiding vertical rod 4 and the spring 5 are made of stainless steel. The diameter of the upper hemisphere is 200mm, and a rubber sleeve is fitted on the outside of the hemisphere to ensure the airtightness of the device when not adjusted. The diameter of the lower cylindrical part of the vertical rod is 150mm. The upper and lower parts of the water-guiding vertical rod are welded together.

[0048] The water guide rod 4 is matched with the drainage hole 10. The diameter of the drainage hole 10 is equal to the diameter of the top hemisphere of the water guide rod 4, and the diameter of the drainage hole 10 is greater than the diameter of the water guide rod 4.

[0049] A spring connecting beam 11 is installed between the springs 5 ​​at the bottom of several water guide vertical rods 4 to connect all the springs 5 ​​together. The spring connecting beam 11 is constructed by on-site casting, and the material is waterproof concrete with a seepage prevention grade of P8.

[0050] The two ends of spring 5 are tightly joined and the end faces are ground flat. The elastic modulus of spring 5 is taken as follows: Among them G 水 It is the weight of the water inside the device when it is working, and x is the magnitude of the vertical deformation of the device.

[0051] The working principle is as follows:

[0052] The three-dimensional water-stop curtain can prevent water from the underground cultural relics' environment from entering the overlying soil. When faced with natural phenomena such as vertical rainfall, the device uses an outer shell, filter screen, water-guiding vertical rod, spring, spring connecting beam, waterproof layer, and drainage pipe to handle the situation.

[0053] When the water volume between the outer shell and the filter screen does not reach the limit set by the device, the hemispherical part of the water-guiding rod is in close contact with the drainage holes of the outer shell. When the water volume in the storage area reaches the limit set by the device, the spring connected to the outer shell will be compressed. According to the design of this invention, the compression deformation creates a gap between the outer shell and the water-guiding rod, forming a drainage channel. After the excess water is discharged, it is discharged to the outside of the affected cultural relic through the reserved drainage pipe. Through the technical measures provided in the above-mentioned combined invention design, the repeated floating-sinking-resetting action of underground cultural relic structures caused by rainfall can be reduced, and the goal of automatically maintaining the basic stability of the weight of the overlying soil of the underground cultural relic structure can be achieved.

[0054] Based on the above principle, there is a method for automatically maintaining the weight of the soil covering underground cultural relics structures, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: Excavate the soil covering the underground cultural relic structure and use a three-way water-stop curtain 1 to isolate the sealing layer 8, which encloses the underground cultural relic body 9, from other soil bodies; construct a waterproof layer 6 on the sealing layer 8.

[0056] Step 2: Insert the water guide vertical rod 4 through the drainage hole 10 from one side of the outer shell 2 to the other side of the waterproof layer 6. The bottom of the rod is fitted inside the spring 5, and the spring 5 is fixed to the waterproof layer 6. The bottom of the water guide vertical rod is cast together with the spring connecting beam at a depth of at least 100mm.

[0057] Step 3: Backfill the outer shell 2 with gravelly soil and cohesive soil in sequence, and check the airtightness of the outer shell 2 and the water guide vertical rod 4 when they are in contact and the flow when they are separated.

[0058] Step 4: When water accumulates inside the outer casing 2, the spring 5 is compressed and deformed, causing the outer casing 2 to descend vertically. The accumulated water flows out from the gap between the drainage hole 10 and the water guide rod 4, and is discharged through the drainage pipe 7.

[0059] Step 5: After the water is drained, the spring 5 returns to its original length, causing the outer casing 2 to rise vertically, and the hemispherical part of the water guide rod 4 re-blocks the drainage hole 10.

[0060] Under normal conditions, the hemispherical part of the water-guiding vertical rod 4 is in close contact with the outer shell 2; when encountering heavy rainfall, rainwater seeps through the highly permeable gravelly soil into the water storage area between the filter screen and the waterproof concrete outer shell, and the water volume meets G. 水 ≥0.1(G 文物 +G 浮 ), where G 水 It is the gravity of the water inside the device when it is working, G 文物 It is the weight of the artifact when the device is working, G 文物 The buoyancy of the cultural relic, combined with the increased weight of the water, will press down on the outer shell 2 and spring 5, causing the hemispherical part of the water guide rod 4 to separate from the outer shell 2, exposing several drainage holes 10 at the bottom. The rainwater inside is then discharged to the outside of the affected cultural relic through the drainage holes 10 and the drainage pipe 7, reducing the long-term repeated effects of floating, sinking and resetting caused by rainfall on the underground cultural relic structure, and automatically maintaining the goal of keeping the weight of the soil covering the underground cultural relic structure basically stable.

[0061] This invention features a high degree of automation and strong controllability. It is applicable to underground cultural relics such as mausoleums that are sensitive to the buoyancy of groundwater, with minimal interference to the underground cultural relics themselves. The measures adopted are highly identifiable to the original cultural relics, providing a completely new approach to the protection of the large number and wide distribution of high-level underground cultural relics such as mausoleums in my country.

[0062] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various equivalent transformations can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these equivalent transformations all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for automatically maintaining the weight of the soil covering an underground cultural relic structure, characterized in that: It includes a three-way water-stop curtain (1), an outer shell (2), a water-guiding vertical rod (4), a spring (5), a waterproof layer (6), a drainage pipe (7), a sealing layer (8), and the underground cultural relic itself (9); The three-way water-stop curtain (1) isolates the sealing layer (8) that encloses the underground cultural relic body (9) from other soil bodies, and the sealing layer (8) is covered with a waterproof layer (6). The top of the three-way water-stop curtain (1) is provided with an outer shell (2), which is grooved and has several drainage holes (10) at the bottom. Water inside the outer shell (2) leaks from the drainage holes (10) at the bottom to the waterproof layer (6) and is discharged through the drainage pipe (7) set on the side wall of the three-way water-stop curtain (1). The top of the water-guiding vertical rod (4) is a hemisphere. The rod body passes through the drainage hole (10) from one side of the outer shell (2) to the other side of the waterproof layer (6). The bottom of the rod body is fitted inside the spring (5). The spring (5) and the bottom of the rod body are respectively fixed on the waterproof layer (6).

2. The device for automatically maintaining the weight of the overburden on underground cultural relic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-way water-stop curtain (1) is in the form of a continuous underground wall, with the top and the two sides of the shell (2) connected by a barbed groove; a drainage pipe (7) is laid at the intersection of the three-way water-stop curtain (1) and the waterproof layer (6); the shell (2) is shaped like a truncated pyramid.

3. The device for automatically maintaining the weight of the overburden on underground cultural relic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter screen (3) is provided inside the outer shell (2), and the top of the filter screen (3) is fixed to the outer shell (2); the distance between the bottom of the filter screen (3) and the hemispherical part of the water guide rod (4) is not less than 100mm.

4. The device for automatically maintaining the weight of the overburden on underground cultural relic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water guide vertical rod (4) is matched with the drainage hole (10). The diameter of the drainage hole (10) is equal to the diameter of the top hemisphere of the water guide vertical rod (4), and the diameter of the drainage hole (10) is greater than the diameter of the water guide vertical rod (4).

5. The device for automatically maintaining the weight of the overburden on underground cultural relic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top hemisphere of the water guide rod (4) is wrapped with a rubber sleeve to ensure good airtightness of the water guide rod (4).

6. The device for automatically maintaining the weight of the overburden on underground cultural relic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spring connecting beam (11) is set between the springs (5) at the bottom of several water guide vertical rods (4) to connect all the springs (5) together. The spring connecting beam (11) is constructed by on-site casting and the material is waterproof concrete with a seepage prevention grade of P8.

7. The device for automatically maintaining the weight of the overburden on underground cultural relic structures according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer shell (2), filter screen (3), water guide rod (4), and spring (5) are made of stainless steel; the waterproof layer (6) is divided into two layers, the lower layer is cast concrete with a seepage resistance grade of P8, and the upper layer is APP modified bitumen waterproof membrane; the drainage pipe (7) is made of HDPE plastic steel spiral pipe.

8. The device for automatically maintaining the weight of the overburden on underground cultural relic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the spring (5) are tightly joined and the end faces are ground flat. The elastic modulus of the spring (5) is taken as follows: Among them G 水 It is the weight of the water inside the device when it is working, and x is the magnitude of the vertical deformation of the device.

9. A method for automatically maintaining the weight of the overlying soil of an underground cultural relic structure according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1: Excavate the soil covering the underground cultural relic structure and use a three-way water-stop curtain (1) to isolate the sealing layer (8) covering the underground cultural relic body (9) from other soil bodies; construct a waterproof layer (6) on the sealing layer (8); Step 2: Insert the water guide rod (4) through the drainage hole (10) from one side of the outer shell (2) to the other side of the waterproof layer (6). The bottom of the rod is fitted inside the spring (5), and the spring (5) is fixed on the waterproof layer (6). Step 3: Backfill the outer shell (2) with gravelly soil and cohesive soil in sequence, and check the airtightness of the outer shell (2) and the water guide vertical rod (4) when they are in contact and the flowability when they are separated. Step 4: When water accumulates inside the outer shell (2), the spring (5) is compressed and deformed, causing the outer shell (2) to descend vertically. The accumulated water flows out from the gap between the drainage hole (10) and the water guide rod (4) and is discharged through the drainage pipe (7). Step 5: After the water is drained, the spring (5) returns to its original length, causing the outer shell (2) to rise vertically, and the hemispherical part of the water guide rod (4) re-blocks the drainage hole (10).

10. The method for automatically maintaining the weight of the overlying soil of an underground cultural relic structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: Under normal conditions, the hemispherical part of the water guide rod (4) is in close contact with the outer shell (2); when the water volume inside the outer shell (2) meets G... 水 ≥0.1(G 文物 +G 浮 ), where G 水 It is the gravity of the water inside the device when it is working, G 文物 It is the weight of the artifact when the device is working, G 文物 The buoyancy of the cultural relic; at this time, the increased water volume and gravity will press down on the outer shell (2) and spring (5), causing the hemispherical part of the water guide rod (4) to separate from the outer shell (2), exposing several drainage holes (10) at the bottom, and the rainwater inside is discharged to the outside of the affected cultural relic body through the drainage holes (10) and drainage pipe (7) in a timely manner.

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