Waterproof construction method for underground structure top plate

Abstract

The present invention provides a waterproof construction method for an underground structure roof, comprising the following steps: performing reinforcement and formwork construction on the roof of the underground structure and building a roof frame; pouring waterproof concrete within the roof frame to form a basement roof; after curing the basement roof, applying a waterproof adhesive layer to the upper surface of the roof; pouring fine stone concrete mixed with a mortar waterproofing agent on the surface of the waterproof adhesive layer on the upper surface of the roof to form a waterproof layer; and performing film covering and curing to complete the waterproof construction of the basement roof. The present invention employs two waterproof defenses, a rigid waterproof layer and a concrete structure self-waterproofing layer made of the same water-based mud material. The two have good compatibility, fundamentally solving quality defects such as "water leakage," "cold seams," and "honeycomb dog holes," reducing concrete cracking, and improving concrete strength and anti-seepage and waterproofing properties, achieving the quality effect of "one-time construction, lifetime maintenance-free," while reducing project development and construction costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of building waterproofing, and in particular to a waterproofing construction method for an underground structure top plate. Background Art

[0002] Currently, with the expansion of construction projects across my country, the demand for underground space is increasing. However, due to the unique environment of basements, strict requirements are imposed on their waterproofing, anti-seepage, and crack resistance. Water seepage through basement roofs is a common problem in buildings, significantly impacting their functionality. Furthermore, basement leaks can lead to high repair costs and difficulties.

[0003] Rigid waterproofing has existed since the founding of the People's Republic of China. However, due to process bottlenecks in the early years, it failed to completely solve problems such as waterproofing leakage and was gradually replaced by flexible waterproofing methods. In recent years, with the widespread application of new technologies and materials, rigid waterproofing technology has greatly improved. In addition, flexible waterproofing still cannot completely solve the problem of water leakage in underground waterproofing projects. Rigid waterproofing is gradually being accepted by the market due to its low cost, short construction time and good results.

[0004] The current "rigid-flexible" waterproofing process involves applying a flexible waterproof layer to the exterior of the structure to compensate for the structural concrete's waterproofing deficiencies. However, during construction, quality issues such as "honeycomb holes" and "cold joints" in the rigid concrete are often overlooked, while the flexible waterproof layer is prone to water leakage, leading to later-stage leakage in buildings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a waterproof construction method for the top plate of an underground structure, which adopts two waterproof defenses made of water-based mud materials, namely a rigid waterproof layer and a self-waterproof concrete structure. The two have good compatibility, and solve the quality defects such as "water seepage", "cold seams", and "honeycomb dog holes" from the root, reduce concrete cracking, improve concrete strength and anti-seepage and waterproof performance, and achieve the quality effect of "one-time construction, lifelong maintenance-free", while reducing the project development and construction costs.

[0006] The present invention provides a first waterproof construction method for the top plate of an underground structure, comprising the following steps: performing steel bar construction and formwork construction on the top plate of the underground structure and building a top plate frame; pouring waterproof concrete in the top plate frame to form a basement top plate, wherein the thickness of the overall structure is not less than 170 mm; the waterproof concrete comprises a waterproof compacting agent of 0.15-0.25 wt% of the total weight of concrete, cement, and gravel, and gravel with a diameter of 1-3 cm; after curing the basement top plate, applying a waterproof adhesive layer on the top plate; and the waterproof adhesive layer is poured into the top plate frame to form a basement top plate. The coating thickness of the layer is 1.5-2.5mm; the waterproof bonding layer includes 98-99wt% cement slurry and 0.15-0.25wt% waterproof adhesive; fine stone concrete mixed with mortar waterproofing agent is poured on the surface of the waterproof bonding layer to form a waterproof layer; the thickness of the fine stone concrete is 21-80mm; the fine stone concrete includes 0.15-0.25wt% of the total weight of concrete, cement and gravel and sand and gravel with a diameter of 0.5-1cm; film covering and curing are carried out to complete the waterproof construction of the basement top plate.

[0007] The present invention provides a second waterproof construction method for an underground structure top plate, comprising the following steps: performing reinforcement construction and formwork construction on the top plate of the underground structure and building a top plate frame; pouring waterproof concrete in the top plate frame to form a basement top plate, with the thickness of the overall structure being not less than 170 mm; the waterproof concrete comprises a waterproof compacting agent accounting for 0.15-0.25 wt % of the total weight of concrete and cement sand and gravel; after curing the basement top plate, applying a waterproof adhesive layer on the top surface of the top plate; the application thickness of the waterproof adhesive layer is 1.5-2.5 mm; the waterproof adhesive layer comprises 98-99 wt % cement slurry and 0.15-0.25 wt % waterproof adhesive; pouring waterproof mortar on the surface of the waterproof adhesive layer to form a waterproof protective layer; the thickness of the waterproof mortar is 21-80 mm; the waterproof mortar comprises 28 wt % cement, 56 wt % sand, 16 wt % water and a mortar waterproofing agent accounting for 0.15-0.25 wt % of the weight of cement; and performing film covering and curing to complete the waterproof construction of the basement top plate.

[0008] Furthermore, before pouring the waterproof concrete, cement, sand, fly ash, slag powder and water are mixed evenly, and the water reducer is added and mixed; after adding the waterproof densifier at the construction site, the mixture is stirred for ≥5 minutes before pouring.

[0009] Furthermore, when pouring waterproof concrete, it is necessary to perform a vibration operation; during the vibration process, insert the vibrating rod 50mm into the lower layer of waterproof concrete. + Vibrate at 10mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the upper surface of the roof is cleaned and repaired, including:

[0011] Clean and repair cracks, pits, holes or gaps at rough joints to ensure the upper surface of the roof is flat and clean.

[0012] Furthermore, before the construction of the waterproof mortar, the cement, sand and water are mixed evenly. After adding the mortar waterproofing agent at the construction site, the mixture is stirred for ≥3 minutes before pouring.

[0013] Furthermore, the waterproof mortar is poured in layers, and the pouring of the upper layer of waterproof mortar is completed before the initial setting of the bottom layer of waterproof mortar; before pouring the bottom layer of waterproof mortar, the upper surface of the top plate is moistened.

[0014] Furthermore, the mortar waterproofing agent includes: 6-20wt% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 1.2-18wt% oleoyl polypeptide complex, 5-15wt% silicate, 20-40wt% calcium hydroxide and 7-67.8wt% water; and the weight ratio of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to oleoyl polypeptide complex is 1:(0.2-0.9).

[0015] Furthermore, the waterproof densifier includes: 3-8wt% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 3-10wt% carboxylic acid surfactant, 5-15wt% silicate, 20-40wt% calcium hydroxide and 30-60wt% water; and the weight ratio of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to oleoyl polypeptide complex is 1:(1-3).

[0016] Furthermore, the water reducer is selected from a combination of one or more of lignin sulfonate water reducers, naphthalene water reducers, melamine water reducers, aminosulfonate water reducers, fatty acid high water reducers, and polycarboxylate water reducers; the oleoyl polypeptide complex is a combination of one or more of N-oleoyl polypeptide, sodium N-oleoyl polypeptide, and N-alkanoyl polypeptide; and the silicate is a combination of one or more of sodium silicate, lithium silicate, aluminum silicate, and calcium silicate.

[0017] The present invention achieves waterproofing of the underground structure roof by adding additives with waterproofing effect to mortar and concrete. The specific principle is:

[0018] By adding a mortar waterproofing agent to the mortar, the silicates within react with the hydration products of the cement to form a gel containing silicate groups. As an aggregate component, the gel fills and blocks the pores in the concrete during its growth, thereby cutting off the connectivity of capillaries, reducing the porosity within the concrete and improving its density and impermeability. Under alkaline conditions, the oleoyl polypeptide complex and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate neutralize the alkali generated by cement hydration, maintaining a long-term internal environment in the mortar and preventing alkali reversion. The oleoyl polypeptide complex and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate act as surfactants, improving the fluidity of the mortar and reducing cracking and shrinkage. The oleoyl polypeptide complex, as an auxiliary surfactant, also has foaming, dispersing, suspending, and adsorbing properties, which improve the uniformity of the waterproofing agent and prevent the precipitation of aggregate components from the internal reaction, thereby stabilizing its performance. A mortar waterproofing layer is applied to the exterior of the concrete to block contact between the internal reaction and the outside air, preventing the ingress of carbon dioxide from the air, extending the life of the concrete, and improving its water-leakage resistance.

[0019] Adding waterproof densifier to concrete makes it waterproof concrete. This is because during the concrete construction, the hydration reaction process inside the concrete will produce pores such as "honeycomb dog holes" and "cold joints". The silicate in the waterproof densifier reacts with the hydration products of cement to form a gel containing silicate groups. As an aggregate component, the gel will fill and block the pores in the concrete during its growth, thereby cutting off the connectivity of the capillary channels, reducing the porosity inside the concrete, and improving the density and impermeability. Moreover, as long as the silicate is not exhausted, the gel will continue to be generated and continuously block the pores. The silicate can not only greatly increase the impermeability, but also with the passage of time, in the presence of water, the impermeability effect will become better and better, and the penetration depth will increase. At the same time, the presence of the gel reduces the production of concrete during the drying process. The volume shrinkage and cracking caused by the oleoyl polypeptide complex are complexed with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate under alkaline conditions to form a complex, which neutralizes the alkali inside, maintains the internal environment of the concrete for a long time, and prevents the occurrence of alkali backflow; at the same time, a large number of tiny bubbles are generated, which cut off the capillary pathways generated during the hardening process of the concrete, reduce the capillary effect, and improve the impermeability; the oleoyl polypeptide complex helps the surfactant molecules to extend, significantly reduces the interaction between surfactant molecules, and improves the effect of the surfactant; sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate can destroy the electrostatic attraction generated in the concrete system, improve the dispersion of aggregate components, make them more evenly distributed in the interior of the concrete, and increase the density of the concrete; at the same time, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate has a strong permeability in water and can react with Ca in cement paste 2+ Complexation forms a complex. When the complex is SiO3 2-The sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is replaced by other substances, producing crystals or precipitates to block the pores, thereby increasing the impermeability; and the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate will not be consumed, thus having long-lasting waterproof properties.

[0020] The present invention forms a composite waterproof structure by arranging waterproof mortar and waterproof concrete on the basement roof, fundamentally solving the problem of building leakage and improving the waterproof quality. Concrete containing a waterproof densifier can improve the concrete gel density and impermeability, reduce early concrete shrinkage, and control the formation of concrete cracks under certain conditions. The waterproof mortar containing a mortar waterproofing agent can provide the impermeability of cement mortar, forming an effective waterproof layer and achieving dual protection. At the same time, a waterproof adhesive is used to fully bond the waterproof mortar and waterproof concrete, eliminating the problem of water leakage between the two waterproof layers, simplifying the construction process, reducing the construction period, and increasing the waterproof life.

[0021] It should be understood that the contents described in the summary of the invention are not intended to limit the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become readily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The above and other features, advantages and aspects of the embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent with reference to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements, wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the waterproofing construction process of the basement roof in this embodiment;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the waterproof structure of the basement roof of this embodiment.

[0025] in, Figure 1-2 The corresponding relationship between the reference numerals and component names in FIG. 1 is as follows:

[0026] 1. Backfill the original soil; 2. Mortar waterproof layer; 3. Waterproof concrete; 4. Side wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] In this document, the term "and / or" simply describes a relationship between related objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. Furthermore, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0029] according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a waterproof construction method for the top plate of an underground structure. In a specific embodiment, waterproof mortar is used as the waterproof layer of the top plate, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0030] S1: Carry out the reinforcement construction and formwork construction of the top plate on the side wall 4 of the underground structure, and build the top plate frame; complete the reinforcement construction according to the design requirements. The use of reinforcement is to increase the internal structure of the concrete. Therefore, before the waterproof concrete construction is carried out, various reinforcements or binding wires need to be set, and they must not touch the formwork. In order to ensure the waterproof effect, it is also necessary to bury the waterstop, which can be set with a steel plate. When the bolts used to fix the formwork must pass through the waterproof concrete structure, tool-type bolts or bolts with plugs can be used, and square waterstop rings should be welded on the bolts. After removing the formwork, enhanced waterproofing measures should be taken to seal the remaining grooves tightly.

[0031] S2: Waterproof concrete is poured within the roof frame to form a basement roof, with the overall structure having a thickness of not less than 170 mm. The waterproof concrete includes a waterproof compacting agent at 0.15-0.25 wt% of the total weight of the concrete and cement, sand, and gravel. The preferred addition amounts of the waterproof compacting agent are 0.16 wt%, 0.18 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.22 wt%, and 0.24 wt% of the total weight of the cement, sand, and gravel. The concrete comprises: 10 wt% cement, 76.5 wt% sand and gravel, 0.3 wt% water reducer, 3.3 wt% fly ash, 2.5 wt% slag powder, and 7.4 wt% water.

[0032] When waterproof concrete is mixed manually on site, the mixing time must not be less than 5 minutes. When vigorously stirred, the mixing time must not be less than 30 seconds. If segregation occurs in the waterproof concrete mixture after transportation, it must be mixed a second time. When the slump loss fails to meet the construction requirements, cement slurry with an original water-cement ratio of 0.46 or a second water-reducing agent should be added for stirring. Water should not be added directly.

[0033] When ready-mixed concrete is used for waterproof concrete, the slump entering the pump should be controlled at 160-180mm, the slump loss per hour should not be greater than 20mm, and the total slump loss should not be greater than 40mm.

[0034] The waterproof concrete in the same construction section shall be poured continuously, and the upper layer of waterproof concrete shall be poured before the initial setting of the bottom layer of waterproof concrete.

[0035] Waterproof concrete must be vibrated densely using a flat vibrator. The vibration time should be 10 to 30 seconds, ensuring that the waterproof concrete is slurry-free and free of bubbles. Avoid missed, under-vibrated, or over-vibrated concrete. When pouring and vibrating the upper layer of concrete in layers, insert the vibrating rod approximately 50 mm into the lower layer. Eliminate joints between layers to ensure the integrity of the concrete structure. Vibration should be completed before the next layer of concrete begins to set. The duration of vibration at each vibration point should be sufficient to avoid segregation caused by excessive vibration.

[0036] Waterproof concrete should be poured continuously, with minimal or no construction joints. When construction joints are necessary, the following regulations should be followed: vertical construction joints should be placed away from areas with high levels of groundwater and fissure water, and should be combined with expansion joints.

[0037] S3: After curing the basement roof, applying a waterproof adhesive layer on the top surface of the roof; the thickness of the waterproof adhesive layer is 1.5-2.5 mm; the waterproof adhesive layer comprises 98-99 wt% cement slurry and 0.15-0.25 wt% waterproof adhesive;

[0038] The waterproof concrete should be cured for ≥14 days after final setting. During winter construction, the temperature of the waterproof concrete entering the mold must not be lower than 10°C. It is advisable to adopt comprehensive heat storage method, greenhouse method and other curing methods, and the concrete surface should be kept moist to prevent early dehydration of the concrete.

[0039] Before applying the waterproof adhesive layer, it is necessary to clean and repair the cracks, pits, holes or uneven joints on the top surface of the roof to ensure that the top surface is flat and clean;

[0040] Specifically, the cement-to-water ratio of the cement slurry is 1:(0.3-0.5), preferably 1:0.35, 1:0.42, or 1:0.48. 0.16wt%, 0.18wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.22wt%, or 0.24wt% of a waterproof binder is added to the stirring cement slurry, stirred for 3-5 minutes, and then applied between the mortar layer and the concrete layer.

[0041] In a basement environment, the roof is more likely to contact ground water, and it is necessary to achieve a better waterproof effect while ensuring that the thickness of the concrete bottom is small. The present invention adopts the use of a waterproof adhesive layer. First, it improves the adhesion between the waterproof mortar and the waterproof concrete to prevent water penetration and the phenomenon of two skins; second, the waterproof adhesive layer itself has a good and dense internal hydrophobic structure, which can effectively block the entry and exit of water, so as to achieve a better waterproof and anti-seepage effect.

[0042] S4: Before the waterproof adhesive layer solidifies, pouring waterproof mortar on its surface to form a waterproof layer; the thickness of the waterproof mortar is 21-80 mm; the waterproof mortar includes 28 wt% cement, 56 wt% sand, 16 wt% water and 0.15-0.25 wt% of the weight of the cement in a mortar waterproofing agent; the preferred addition amount of the mortar waterproofing agent is 0.16 wt%, 0.18 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.22 wt% and 0.24 wt% of the weight of the cement.

[0043] The specific process is: inspect and clean the upper surface of the roof, process the details, water the wall, pour the waterproof mortar protective layer, and after maintenance, inspect the waterproof layer. After acceptance, proceed to the next step of construction.

[0044] Specifically, before pouring waterproof mortar, it must undergo a joint inspection by all parties. The top surface of the roof should be flat, rough, solid, clean, and free of peeling, sand, or looseness. It should be fully moistened, free of water accumulation, through-holes, residual separation joints, and expansion joints. If the wall surface has cracks, pitting, holes, or gaps, and the joints are not smooth, detailed pre-treatment is required.

[0045] Premixed waterproof mortar is prepared by mixing ordinary Portland cement, medium sand, and water. During mixing at the construction site, dilute the mortar waterproofing agent diluent at a weight ratio of 1:200 (mortar waterproofing agent: water). Add a certain amount of mortar waterproofing agent diluent to the cement based on the desired waterproofing performance. Stir the mortar for at least 3 minutes, and use the waterproof mortar within 2 hours. If mortar segregation occurs during construction, remix the mortar. Add cement slurry and mortar waterproofing agent diluent as necessary. Do not add water at will to ensure the waterproofing effect of the mortar waterproofing agent. During waterproof mortar construction, ensure proper thickness control, ranging from 21-80mm. Increase the thickness appropriately based on design requirements and increased waterproofing grade.

[0046] Waterproof mortar should be poured in layers, with the previous layer completed before the base layer begins to set. Each layer of waterproof mortar should be constructed continuously and tightly bonded. During construction, the waterproof mortar should be applied and compacted to ensure the waterproof layer has the required anti-seepage and waterproofing capabilities. When pouring the upper layer of mortar, press it into the lower layer to ensure a tight bond between the mortar layers.

[0047] Before pouring the base layer of waterproof mortar, moisten the top slab and apply the waterproof adhesive layer evenly, avoiding any buildup. Before the waterproof adhesive layer begins to set (pressing with your finger should penetrate 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the depth), pour the waterproof mortar. When applying the waterproof mortar, ensure it penetrates the waterproof adhesive layer to ensure a tight bond between the mortar and the waterproof adhesive layer.

[0048] During the construction of waterproof mortar, construction joints, separation joints and expansion joints should not be left. If joints must be left due to unforeseen factors, the joints should be left at an angle. Before pouring again, loose stones and floating slurry at the angled joints should be chiseled out and rinsed clean. Use the same batch of waterproof mortar as the bonding layer for subsequent pouring.

[0049] Before pouring, the thickness of the gray spots should be controlled and the spacing should not exceed 2m. Finally, the waterproof layer should be inspected to ensure that there are no construction quality problems such as hollowing, honeycombing, and sand holes.

[0050] During waterproofing construction, fine aggregate concrete mixed with a mortar waterproofing agent can be used instead of waterproof mortar, thereby increasing the overall strength of the roof slab and making it more suitable for underground structures. The difference between fine aggregate concrete and waterproof concrete is that waterproof concrete contains a waterproofing agent at a concentration of 0.15-0.25% by weight of the total weight of concrete, cement, and gravel, and gravel with a diameter of 1-3 cm, while fine aggregate concrete contains a mortar waterproofing agent at a concentration of 0.15-0.25% by weight of the total weight of concrete, cement, and gravel, and gravel with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm. This denser internal structure, combined with the action of the mortar waterproofing agent, results in improved mechanical properties and waterproofing and anti-seepage effectiveness.

[0051] S5: Covering and curing to complete the waterproofing construction of the underground structure top plate;

[0052] After the waterproof layer is poured, cover its surface with ground film for maintenance.

[0053] If the design requires, the original soil can be backfilled on the outside of the top plate. The internal structure of the completed underground structure top plate is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, from inside to outside, there are waterproof concrete 3, waterproof mortar waterproof layer 2, and backfill soil 1. A garage roof with a soil layer for planting requires greater mechanical strength and waterproofing pressure. Because it is exposed to a humid environment for a long time, this waterproof construction method reduces the need for four or five waterproofing steps compared to traditional roof waterproofing methods, significantly shortening the construction period and reducing costs. Furthermore, this waterproof roof uses a waterproof adhesive layer to tightly bond the waterproof concrete and waterproof mortar together, forming a waterproof layer that effectively achieves waterproofing and anti-seepage effects.

[0054] In the above-mentioned embodiment, when constructing a large-volume waterproof roof, if the design permits, the 60d strength of concrete is used as the design strength; low-heat or medium-heat cement is used, and admixtures such as fly ash and slag powder are added and used in combination with admixtures such as water reducers, retarders, air entraining agents, and pumping agents; during construction in hot seasons, cooling measures such as lowering the temperature of raw materials and reducing the absorption of external heat by concrete during transportation are adopted; pipes can be pre-buried inside the concrete for cold water heat dissipation; thermal insulation and moisturizing maintenance are adopted; the difference between the center temperature and the surface temperature of the concrete should not be greater than 25°C, and the difference between the surface temperature of the concrete and the atmospheric temperature should not be greater than 25°C, and the curing time should not be less than 14d.

[0055] In the above embodiment, the mortar waterproofing agent includes: 6-20wt% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 1.2-18wt% oleoyl polypeptide complex, 5-15wt% silicate, 20-40wt% calcium hydroxide and 7-67.8wt% water; and the weight ratio of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to oleoyl polypeptide complex is 1:(0.2-0.9).

[0056] The preparation method of a mortar waterproofing agent includes the following steps: adding sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to water and stirring to dissolve it to form a solution; adding an oleoyl polypeptide complex to the solution and stirring to form a primary solvent; adding three-fifths of calcium hydroxide to the primary solvent and stirring to form an intermediate solvent; adding the remaining calcium hydroxide and stirring to form a silicate, and stirring to form a waterproofing agent. The mortar waterproofing agent is added at 0.15-0.25wt% of the total cement content in the mortar.

[0057] Mortar waterproofing agent is a composite of silicate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and oleoyl polypeptide that interacts with each other in the environment of calcium hydroxide to introduce -COO - , -COONa, -SO3Na and other structures of high-efficiency chelated cement Ca 2+ 、Al 3+ Plasma, thereby forming a stable and dense waterproof layer, solving the problem of poor compatibility and easy stratification and fracture between organic polymers and inorganic cement; at the same time, giving the waterproofing agent hydrophobic properties, improving the workability, crack resistance and waterproof performance of the mortar as a whole, and as an additional waterproof layer, cooperating with the concrete self-waterproof structure to completely solve the problem of water leakage.

[0058] In the above embodiment, the waterproofing and densifying agent includes: 3-8wt% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 3-10wt% carboxylic acid surfactant, 5-15wt% silicate, 20-40wt% calcium hydroxide and 30-60wt% water; and the weight ratio of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to oleoyl polypeptide complex is 1:(1-3).

[0059] The preparation method of a waterproofing and compacting agent comprises the following steps: adding sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to water and stirring to dissolve to form a solution; adding an oleoyl polypeptide complex to the solution and stirring to form a primary solvent; adding three-fifths of calcium hydroxide to the primary solvent and stirring to form an intermediate solvent; adding the remaining calcium hydroxide and stirring to form a silicate, and stirring to form a waterproofing and compacting agent. The waterproofing and compacting agent is added at 0.15-0.25wt% of the total mortar cement content in the concrete.

[0060] The waterproof compacting agent uses silicate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and oleoyl polypeptide complex to interact with each other in the environment of calcium hydroxide to introduce -COO - , -COONa, -SO3Na and other structures are highly effective in chelating Ca in cement 2+ 、Al 3+ Plasma, thereby forming a stable and dense waterproof layer, solving the problem of poor compatibility and easy stratification and fracture between organic polymers and inorganic cement; at the same time, giving the waterproof densifier hydrophobic properties, the overall modified cement-based waterproof concrete has the characteristics of good impermeability, low water absorption, waterproof and anti-fouling, and further improving the strength and mechanical properties of concrete.

[0061] In the above embodiment, the waterproof adhesive includes: 10-15 wt% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 11-20 wt% oleoyl polypeptide complex, 16-25 wt% silicate, 10-18 wt% calcium hydroxide and 22-53 wt% water, and the weight ratio of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate to oleoyl polypeptide complex is 1:(1.1-2).

[0062] The preparation method of a waterproof adhesive comprises the following steps: adding sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to water and stirring to dissolve it to form a solution; adding an oleoyl polypeptide complex to the solution and stirring to form a primary solvent; adding calcium hydroxide to the primary solvent and stirring to form an intermediate solvent; and adding a silicate to the intermediate solvent and stirring to form a waterproof adhesive. The waterproof adhesive is added to a stirring cement slurry, stirred for 3-5 minutes, and then applied between the mortar layer and the concrete layer. The cement slurry is composed of cement and water, with a cement-to-water ratio of 1:0.3-0.5. The amount of waterproof adhesive used is 0.15-0.25 wt% of the weight of the cement in the cement slurry. Preferably, the amount used is 0.16 wt%, 0.18 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.22 wt%, or 0.24 wt%. Because the waterproof adhesive is a suspension and will settle after standing for a period of time, it should be shaken thoroughly before adding to the mortar.

[0063] Mortar waterproof adhesive is used to provide waterproof bonding between concrete layer and mortar layer. After concrete construction, cement slurry with mortar waterproof adhesive is used on the windward side for surface coating. Through the use of mortar waterproof adhesive, it can be better bonded with the mortar layer. On the basis of meeting the waterproof performance, it can also chemically react with the bonding surface between the concrete layer and the mortar layer, so that the mortar layer and the concrete surface can achieve a dual chemical and physical bond, and better assist the waterproof and anti-seepage performance of the concrete.

[0064] The waterproof adhesive layer penetrates both the concrete and mortar layers, reacting with substances there, respectively, achieving adhesion through chemical reactions. Under alkaline conditions, the oleoyl polypeptide complex in the mortar waterproof adhesive forms a complex with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. This complex neutralizes the alkali produced by cement hydration at the interface with the concrete or mortar, removing the alkali through chemical reactions and achieving a chemical bond, thus providing adhesion. The oleoyl polypeptide complex acts as a cosurfactant, aiding in the expansion of surfactant molecules and significantly reducing interactions between surfactant molecules, thereby enhancing the penetration of the waterproof adhesive. The oleoyl polypeptide complex also possesses foaming, dispersibility, and adsorption properties, improving the uniformity of the waterproof adhesive and preventing precipitation, thereby stabilizing its performance and facilitating direct use. The oleoyl polypeptide complex is preferably added at a temperature of 20-30°C for optimal results. This is because: if the temperature is too high, the oleoyl polypeptide complex reacts with excessive bubbles, affecting the compactness of the waterproof adhesive layer; if the temperature is too low, the bubbles are generated too slowly or too few, which can easily cause cracks in the waterproofing layer and fail to achieve the desired waterproofing effect.

[0065] Compared to similar underground structures without a waterproof adhesive layer, underground structures that use a waterproof adhesive layer significantly improve their waterproof lifespan and mechanical strength without increasing the concrete thickness of the underground structure, achieving a truly effective anti-seepage effect. Furthermore, the construction process is simple and easy to control, achieving the effect of reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

[0066] In the above embodiment, the water reducer is selected from one or more combinations of lignin sulfonate water reducers, naphthalene water reducers, melamine water reducers, aminosulfonate water reducers, fatty acid high water reducers, and polycarboxylate water reducers.

[0067] In the above embodiment, the oleoyl polypeptide complex is a combination of one or more of N-oleoyl polypeptide, sodium N-oleoyl polypeptide, and N-alkanoyl polypeptide; the silicate is a combination of one or more of sodium silicate, lithium silicate, aluminum silicate, and calcium silicate.

[0068] In the above implementation method, the material requirements during the construction process are as follows:

[0069] The testing requirements for mortar waterproofing agents and waterproof densifiers shall comply with the requirements of JC474 "Mortar and Concrete Waterproofing Agents"; ordinary Portland cement or Portland cement should be used as cement with a strength grade of not less than 32.5Mpa. It is strictly prohibited to use expired or damp cement, and cements of different brands or strength grades shall not be mixed; the sand used for mortar waterproofing layer should be medium sand with a mud content of not more than 1% and a sulfide and sulfate content of not more than 1%; the sand and gravel used for waterproof concrete should be composed of medium sand and gravel, of which medium sand should be used as cement. The mud content of sand shall not exceed 3.0%, and the mud block content shall not exceed 1.0%. Sea sand should not be used. The maximum particle size of gravel should not be greater than 40 mm. When pumping, its maximum particle size should be 1 / 4 of the conveying pipe diameter. The mud content shall not exceed 1.0%, the mud block content shall not exceed 0.5%, and the water absorption rate shall not be greater than 1.5%. Other requirements for sand and gravel shall comply with the provisions of "Standard for Quality and Test Methods of Sand and Stone for Ordinary Concrete" JGJ52-2006; water shall comply with the provisions of "Standard for Water Use in Concrete" JGJ63-2006.

[0070]

Test of roof waterproof performance

[0071] The number of waterproof roof test blocks produced should meet the requirements of the specification. The concrete strength grade, anti-seepage grade, mix ratio and construction process of the same roof are basically the same. The internal structure is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the top plate from inside to outside is: waterproof concrete 3, waterproof mortar waterproof layer 2 and backfill soil 1. Each unit project shall not be less than 2 groups of test blocks, each group of six test blocks; continuous pouring of waterproof concrete every 500m 3 Leave a group of anti-seepage test pieces, less than 500m 3 The sampling shall not be less than one group, and each project shall not be less than 2 groups. The compressive strength test piece shall be retained at the same time as the impermeability test piece. The sampling method is the same as that of ordinary concrete, and the test piece shall be made at the pouring site. The specific performance data is shown in Table 1:

[0072] Table 1 Anti-cracking and waterproof performance data of waterproof concrete and ordinary concrete

[0073]

[0074] It can be clearly seen from the above table that

[0075] Waterproof concrete consists of a mortar layer with a mortar waterproofing agent and a waterproof concrete layer with a waterproof densifier. Compared to ordinary concrete without a waterproofing agent, waterproof concrete has low initial compressive strength and a relatively large shrinkage ratio, but gradually increases in compressive strength and has a significantly smaller shrinkage ratio in the later stages. At the end of the 60-day shrinkage period, the total shrinkage is less than that of ordinary concrete. This indicates that the shrinkage ratio of waterproof concrete decreases with increasing compressive strength, which helps control the release of concrete deformation. The total shrinkage is reduced, and the crack resistance is significant. Furthermore, the water permeability pressure ratio is high, and water absorption is low, making it an excellent crack and seepage preventer.

[0076] From the above conclusions, it can be seen that the present invention starts from changing the quality of concrete in building structures. During construction, the waterproof densifier is first added to the concrete, which reacts chemically with cement hydration precipitates to generate gel and crystals, fills the tiny gaps in cement stone, inhibits the penetration of pressurized water, and improves the fluidity, density and impermeability of mortar and concrete, thereby achieving the first rigid self-waterproofing purpose of the building structure. In order to ensure that the building is leak-proof after it is put into use, waterproof mortar containing mortar waterproofing agent is applied to the water-facing surface of the structural concrete to achieve the second rigid waterproofing construction. The rigid additional waterproof layer and the concrete structure are fully bonded through the use of waterproof adhesive to achieve a close combination of self-waterproofing, which completely solves the problem of water leakage between the two waterproof layers. The two waterproof defenses reinforce each other to achieve zero defects in waterproof quality.

[0077] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described above. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0078] In the description of the present invention, the terms "connect," "install," and "fix" should be understood broadly. For example, "connect" can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0079] In the description of the present invention, the terms "in the above-mentioned embodiments" or "in some embodiments" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0080] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and variations of this application are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waterproof construction method for an underground structure roof, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Carry out top plate reinforcement and formwork construction in underground structures and build top plate frames; Waterproof concrete is poured into the top plate frame to form a basement top plate, and the thickness of the overall structure is not less than 170 mm; the waterproof concrete comprises a waterproof densifier of 0.15-0.25 wt% of the total weight of concrete, cement, sand and gravel, and sand and gravel with a diameter of 1-3 cm; After curing the basement roof, a waterproof adhesive layer is applied to the upper surface of the roof; the thickness of the waterproof adhesive layer is 1.5-2.5 mm; the waterproof adhesive layer comprises 98-99 wt% cement slurry and 0.15-0.25 wt% waterproof adhesive; A waterproof layer is formed by pouring fine stone concrete mixed with a mortar waterproofing agent on the surface of the waterproof adhesive layer; the thickness of the fine stone concrete is 21-80 mm; the fine stone concrete comprises 0.15-0.25 wt% of the mortar waterproofing agent based on the total weight of concrete, cement, sand and gravel, and sand and gravel with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm; wherein the mortar waterproofing agent comprises: 6-20 wt% of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 1.2-18 wt% of an oleoyl polypeptide complex, 5-15 wt% of a silicate, 20-40 wt% of calcium hydroxide and 7-67.8 wt% of water; and the weight ratio of the sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate to the oleoyl polypeptide complex is 1:(0.2-0.9); Covering and curing are performed to complete the waterproofing construction of the basement roof.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concrete comprises: 10 wt% of cement, 76.5 wt% of sand and gravel, 0.3 wt% of water reducing agent, 3.3 wt% of fly ash, 2.5 wt% of slag powder and 7.4 wt% of water.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before pouring the waterproof concrete, cement, sand, fly ash, slag powder and water are mixed evenly, and a water reducer is added and mixed; after adding the waterproof densifier at the construction site, the mixture is stirred for ≥5 minutes and then the pouring operation is carried out.

4. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When pouring the waterproof concrete, it is necessary to perform a vibration operation; during the vibration process, insert the vibrating rod into the lower layer of the waterproof concrete 50mm + Vibrate at 10mm.

5. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof and compacting agent comprises: 3-8 wt% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 3-10 wt% carboxylic acid surfactant, 5-15 wt% silicate, 20-40 wt% calcium hydroxide and 30-60 wt% water; and The weight ratio of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to the oleoyl polypeptide complex is 1:(1-3).

6. The construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water reducer is selected from one or more combinations of lignin sulfonate water reducers, naphthalene water reducers, melamine water reducers, aminosulfonate water reducers, fatty acid high water reducers, and polycarboxylate water reducers; The oleoyl polypeptide complex is an N-oleoyl polypeptide; The silicate is a combination of one or more of sodium silicate, lithium silicate, aluminum silicate and calcium silicate.

7. The construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water reducer is selected from one or more combinations of lignin sulfonate water reducers, naphthalene water reducers, melamine water reducers, aminosulfonate water reducers, fatty acid high water reducers, and polycarboxylate water reducers; The oleoyl polypeptide complex is an N-alkanoyl polypeptide; The silicate is a combination of one or more of sodium silicate, lithium silicate, aluminum silicate and calcium silicate.

8. A waterproof construction method for an underground structure roof, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Carry out top plate reinforcement and formwork construction in underground structures and build top plate frames; Waterproof concrete is poured into the top plate frame to form a basement top plate, and the thickness of the overall structure is not less than 170 mm; the waterproof concrete includes a waterproof densifier in an amount of 0.15-0.25 wt% of the total weight of the concrete and cement sand and gravel; After curing the basement roof, a waterproof adhesive layer is applied to the upper surface of the roof; the thickness of the waterproof adhesive layer is 1.5-2.5 mm; the waterproof adhesive layer comprises 98-99 wt% cement slurry and 0.15-0.25 wt% waterproof adhesive; A waterproof mortar is poured on the surface of the waterproof adhesive layer to form a waterproof layer; the waterproof mortar has a thickness of 21-80 mm; the waterproof mortar comprises 28 wt% cement, 56 wt% sand, 16 wt% water, and 0.15-0.25 wt% of a mortar waterproofing agent based on the weight of the cement; wherein the mortar waterproofing agent comprises: 6-20 wt% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 1.2-18 wt% oleoyl polypeptide complex, 5-15 wt% silicate, 20-40 wt% calcium hydroxide, and 7-67.8 wt% water; and the weight ratio of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to the oleoyl polypeptide complex is 1:(0.2-0.9); Covering and curing are performed to complete the waterproofing construction of the basement roof.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The concrete comprises: 10 wt% of cement, 76.5 wt% of sand and gravel, 0.3 wt% of water reducing agent, 3.3 wt% of fly ash, 2.5 wt% of slag powder and 7.4 wt% of water.

10. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Before pouring the waterproof concrete, cement, sand, fly ash, slag powder and water are mixed evenly, and a water reducer is added and mixed; after adding the waterproof densifier at the construction site, the mixture is stirred for ≥5 minutes and then the pouring operation is carried out.

11. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: When pouring the waterproof concrete, it is necessary to perform a vibration operation; during the vibration process, insert the vibrating rod into the lower layer of the waterproof concrete 50mm + Vibrate at 10mm.

12. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Before the construction of the waterproof mortar, cement, sand and water are mixed evenly. After adding the mortar waterproofing agent at the construction site, stir for ≥3 minutes and then carry out pouring operation.

13. The construction method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The waterproof mortar is poured in layers, and the pouring of the upper layer of waterproof mortar is completed before the waterproof mortar of the bottom layer begins to set; before pouring the waterproof mortar of the bottom layer, the upper surface of the top plate is moistened.

14. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The waterproof and compacting agent comprises: 3-8 wt% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 3-10 wt% carboxylic acid surfactant, 5-15 wt% silicate, 20-40 wt% calcium hydroxide and 30-60 wt% water; and The weight ratio of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to the oleoyl polypeptide complex is 1:(1-3).

15. The construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The water reducer is selected from one or more combinations of lignin sulfonate water reducers, naphthalene water reducers, melamine water reducers, aminosulfonate water reducers, fatty acid high water reducers, and polycarboxylate water reducers; The oleoyl polypeptide complex is an N-oleoyl polypeptide; The silicate is a combination of one or more of sodium silicate, lithium silicate, aluminum silicate and calcium silicate.

16. The construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The water reducer is selected from one or more combinations of lignin sulfonate water reducers, naphthalene water reducers, melamine water reducers, aminosulfonate water reducers, fatty acid high water reducers, and polycarboxylate water reducers; The oleoyl polypeptide complex is an N-alkanoyl polypeptide; The silicate is a combination of one or more of sodium silicate, lithium silicate, aluminum silicate and calcium silicate.

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