Antenna and base station

Abstract

The application provides an antenna and a base station. The antenna comprises a reflecting plate, an insulating support frame and a feed network. The insulating support frame is located on one side of the reflecting plate and comprises a first insulating support plate. The feed network is located on the same side of the reflecting plate as the insulating support frame and is connected to the insulating support frame. The feed network comprises a phase shift belt and a first sliding dielectric plate. In a first direction, the first insulating support plate, the phase shift belt, the first sliding dielectric plate and the reflecting plate are sequentially arranged. The reference ground of the phase shifter of the antenna provided by the application is a single-side reference ground, and the structure is simple, which can make the antenna lighter and smaller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna and a base station. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, higher requirements are placed on base station antennas in communication systems: they must achieve efficient, fast, and high-capacity communication while also being highly integrated, miniaturized, and lightweight. Base station antennas can adjust their radiation patterns by using phase shifters to change the phase of signals in antenna elements, thereby achieving remote control and adjustment of network coverage areas. In existing antennas, phase shifters, power dividers, and radiating elements are connected via cables or adapter probes. The phase shifter requires a separate metal cavity as a radio frequency ground. This results in low overall antenna integration, numerous components, and a complex structure, hindering miniaturization and weight reduction, and also increasing the number of manufacturing processes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a miniaturized and lightweight antenna and a base station containing the antenna.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna, including a reflector, an insulating support frame, and a feed network; the insulating support frame is located on one side of the reflector and includes a first insulating support plate; the feed network is located on the same side of the reflector as the insulating support frame and is connected to the insulating support frame, the feed network including a phase-shifting band line and a first sliding dielectric plate; wherein, in a first direction, the first insulating support plate, the phase-shifting band line, the first sliding dielectric plate, and the reflector are arranged sequentially.

[0005] In one possible implementation, the reference ground of the phase-shifting band line is the reflector.

[0006] In the above implementation, the first insulating support plate, the phase-shifting strip, the first sliding dielectric plate, and the reflector are arranged adjacent to each other in the first direction. There are no other components between the first insulating support plate and the phase-shifting strip, between the phase-shifting strip and the first sliding dielectric plate, and between the first sliding dielectric plate and the reflector. There is no grounding layer, reflector, metal plate, or other metal material between the first insulating support plate and the phase-shifting strip. In the above implementation, the main function of the insulating support frame is to fix the feed network. A portion of the multiplexed insulating support frame (the first insulating support plate) and the reflector are sandwiched on both sides of the first sliding dielectric plate. No additional components are needed to limit the first sliding dielectric plate. That is, the multiplexed reflector serves as the reference ground for the phase shifter, and a portion of the multiplexed insulating support frame (the first insulating support plate) limits the first sliding dielectric plate, improving antenna integration, simplifying the structure, and thus achieving antenna lightweighting and miniaturization.

[0007] In one implementation, the first direction is perpendicular to the overall surface of the reflector, and the power supply network and the insulating support frame are located on the same side of the reflector along the first direction. In some embodiments, the power supply network and the insulating support frame can be stacked and arranged on the same side of the reflector in the first direction.

[0008] In one implementation, the phase-shifting strip and the first sliding dielectric plate extend along a second direction, and the first sliding dielectric plate is capable of sliding relative to the phase-shifting strip along the second direction, which may intersect the first direction perpendicularly. The first direction is the thickness direction of the antenna, and the second direction is either the length or width direction of the antenna.

[0009] As described above, in one implementation, the first insulating support plate, the phase-shifting strip, the first sliding dielectric plate, and the reflector are arranged sequentially adjacent to each other and stacked in the first direction. This sequentially adjacent and stacked arrangement improves the structural strength of the phase shifter and prevents the components from separating under impact, thus ensuring the phase-shifting function can be achieved.

[0010] To facilitate the assembly of the phase shifter, in one implementation, the phase shifting strip is located at the edge of the feed network.

[0011] In one implementation, the insulating support frame further includes an insulating support frame body arranged side by side with the first insulating support plate, and the portion of the power supply network excluding the phase-shifting wire is located between the insulating support frame body and the reflector.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the insulating support frame further includes a first insulating side plate located on the side of the first insulating support plate facing the reflector. The first insulating side plate is arranged side by side with the phase-shifting belt line and both the first and second insulating side plates extend in a second direction, which intersects the first direction.

[0013] In one implementation, the first insulating side plate is located on the side of the first sliding dielectric plate away from the insulating support frame body. The first insulating side plate guides the first sliding dielectric plate, allowing it to slide only along a second direction. The phase-shifting strip and the first sliding dielectric plate are arranged side-by-side with the first insulating side plate and extend in the second direction, or in other words, the phase-shifting strip and the first sliding dielectric plate are located on the same side of the first insulating side plate along a third direction, which intersects both the second and first directions pairwise. For example, the third direction intersects both the second and first directions perpendicularly. The first direction is the thickness direction of the antenna; when the second direction is the width direction of the antenna, the third direction is the length direction of the antenna; and when the second direction is the length direction of the antenna, the third direction is the width direction of the antenna.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the surface of the first sliding medium plate facing the phase-shifting strip is further provided with a receiving groove, and at least a portion of the phase-shifting strip is located in the receiving groove.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the first sliding medium plate has a first hole extending through it along a second direction. The surface of the first insulating support plate facing the reflector has multiple first pins arranged along the second direction. These first pins pass through the first hole and are slidable relative to it. The second direction intersects the first direction and is the same as the extending direction of the first sliding medium plate. With multiple first pins arranged along the second direction passing through the first hole, when the first sliding medium plate slides, it can only slide along the second direction. That is, the first hole and the first pins cooperate to guide the first sliding medium plate to slide along the second direction, preventing it from deviating in any direction other than the second direction. This ensures the control accuracy of the sliding of the first sliding medium plate and thus improves the phase shifting accuracy of the phase shifter.

[0016] In one implementation, the first hole is an elongated hole extending along the second direction, and the plurality of first pins arranged along the second direction can be inserted into the same first hole. When there are multiple first holes, the multiple first holes are arranged along the second direction, and one first pin or multiple first pins can be provided in each of the multiple first holes.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the first pin is disposed on the first sliding medium plate, and the first hole is disposed on the first insulating support plate. The first sliding medium plate is guided to slide along a second direction through the cooperation of the first hole and the first pin.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the first sliding medium plate has a second hole extending through it along a second direction. The reflector plate has a plurality of second pins arranged along the second direction on its surface facing the first sliding medium plate. The second pins pass through the second hole and are slidable relative to it. The second direction intersects the first direction and is the same as the extending direction of the first sliding medium plate. The first sliding medium plate is guided to slide along the second direction through the cooperation of the second hole and the second pins.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the second pin is disposed on the first sliding medium plate, and the second hole is provided on the reflector plate. The first sliding medium plate is guided to slide along a second direction through the cooperation of the second hole and the second pin.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the first sliding medium plate is provided with the first hole and the second hole, which respectively cooperate with the first pin on the first insulating support plate and the second pin on the reflector plate to guide the first sliding medium plate to slide in the second direction.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the surface of the first sliding medium plate facing the reflector plate has a first groove, and the surface of the reflector plate facing the first sliding medium plate has a first protrusion. The first groove extends in the same direction as the first sliding medium plate, and the first protrusion is located in the first groove and can slide relative to the first groove.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the surface of the first sliding medium plate facing the reflector has a second protrusion, and the surface of the reflector facing the first sliding medium plate has a second groove. The second groove extends in the same direction as the first sliding medium plate, and the second protrusion is located in the second groove. The second protrusion engages with the second groove to guide the first sliding medium plate to slide relative to the phase-shifting belt line along a second direction. The extending direction of the second protrusion is the same as that of the second groove and the first sliding medium plate, which is the second direction. In some embodiments, when the second protrusion is in the shape of a pin, multiple second protrusions can be provided, and the multiple second protrusions are arranged along the second direction.

[0023] In one possible implementation, a protrusion may be provided on the surface of the first insulating support plate facing the first sliding medium plate, and a groove may be provided on the surface of the first sliding medium plate facing the first insulating support plate. The groove and the protrusion cooperate to guide the first sliding medium plate to slide relative to the phase-shifting belt line in the second direction.

[0024] In one possible implementation, a groove may be provided on the surface of the first insulating support plate facing the first sliding medium plate, and a protrusion may be provided on the surface of the first sliding medium plate facing the first insulating support plate. The groove and the protrusion cooperate to guide the first sliding medium plate to slide relative to the phase-shifting belt line in the second direction.

[0025] In one possible implementation, a groove and a first pin may be provided on the first insulating support plate, and a protrusion and a first hole may be provided on the first sliding medium plate. The groove and the first pin may cooperate with the protrusion and the first hole respectively to guide the first sliding medium plate to slide.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the antenna further includes a second sliding dielectric plate located between the first insulating support plate and the phase-shifting band line. Specifically, in the first direction, the first insulating support plate, the phase-shifting band line, the first sliding dielectric plate, and the reflector are arranged sequentially. The second sliding dielectric plate is connected to the first sliding dielectric plate. The phase shifter of the feed network includes the first insulating support plate, the second sliding dielectric plate, the phase-shifting band line, the first sliding dielectric plate, and the reflector. The second sliding dielectric plate and the first sliding dielectric plate slide simultaneously relative to the phase-shifting band line, jointly affecting the phase of the signal in the phase-shifting band line.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the surface of the second sliding dielectric plate away from the phase-shifting strip is provided with a third groove, and the surface of the first insulating support plate facing the second sliding dielectric plate is flat. The third groove is used to reduce the contact area between the first insulating support plate and the second sliding dielectric plate, reduce friction, and make the second sliding dielectric plate easier to slide.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the insulating support frame further includes a first insulating side plate located on the side of the first insulating support plate facing the reflector. The first insulating side plate is arranged side-by-side with the phase-shifting belt line and both extend in the second direction, intersecting the first direction. Specifically, the phase-shifting belt line and the second sliding dielectric plate are arranged side-by-side with the first insulating side plate along a third direction, or in other words, the phase-shifting belt line and the second sliding dielectric plate are located on the same side of the first insulating side plate along the third direction.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the insulating support frame further includes an insulating support frame body. The first insulating support plate and the insulating support frame body are arranged side-by-side along a third direction. The first insulating side plate is located at one end of the first insulating support plate adjacent to the insulating support frame body, and the second sliding medium plate is located on the side of the first insulating side plate away from the insulating support frame body. The first insulating side plate can guide the sliding of the second sliding medium plate, ensuring that the second sliding medium plate can only slide in the second direction, preventing the second sliding medium plate from deviating in directions other than the second direction, ensuring the control accuracy of the sliding of the second sliding medium plate, and thus improving the phase shifting accuracy of the phase shifter.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the insulating support frame includes two first insulating side plates, which are disposed opposite each other at both ends of the first insulating support plate along a third direction, and both first insulating side plates extend along a second direction. The two first insulating side plates provide guidance for the sliding of the second sliding dielectric plate, enabling the second sliding dielectric plate to slide only in the second direction, preventing the second sliding dielectric plate from deviating in directions other than the second direction, ensuring the control accuracy of the sliding of the second sliding dielectric plate, and thus improving the phase shifting accuracy of the phase shifter.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the surface of the second sliding dielectric plate facing the first insulating support plate has a third groove, and the surface of the first insulating support plate facing the second sliding dielectric plate has a third protrusion. The third groove extends in the same direction as the second sliding dielectric plate, and the third protrusion is located in the third groove and can slide relative to the third groove. The extension direction of the third groove and the second sliding dielectric plate is the second direction. The cooperation between the third groove and the third protrusion ensures that the second sliding dielectric plate can only slide along the second direction, preventing the second sliding dielectric plate from deviating in directions other than the second direction, ensuring the control accuracy of the sliding of the second sliding dielectric plate, and thus improving the phase shifting accuracy of the phase shifter.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the surface of the second sliding dielectric plate away from the phase-shifting strip has a fourth protrusion, and the surface of the first insulating support plate facing the second sliding dielectric plate has a fourth groove. The fourth groove extends in the same direction as the second sliding dielectric plate, and the fourth protrusion is located in the fourth groove and can slide relative to the fourth groove. The extension direction of the fourth groove and the second sliding dielectric plate is a second direction. The cooperation between the fourth protrusion and the fourth groove ensures that the second sliding dielectric plate can only slide along the second direction, preventing it from deviating in directions other than the second direction. This guarantees the control accuracy of the sliding of the second sliding dielectric plate and thus improves the phase-shifting accuracy of the phase shifter.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the second sliding medium plate has an elongated hole, and a pin is provided on the surface of the first insulating support plate facing the second sliding medium plate; or the second sliding medium plate has a pin on the surface facing the first insulating support plate, and the first insulating support plate has an elongated hole, with the pin and the elongated hole cooperating to guide the second sliding medium plate to slide.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the second sliding medium plate and the first insulating support plate are engaged by a pin and an elongated hole, and the first sliding medium plate and the reflector are engaged by a pin and an elongated hole, together guiding the first sliding medium plate and the second sliding medium plate to slide.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the second sliding medium plate and the first insulating support plate are engaged by a protrusion and a groove, and the first sliding medium plate and the reflector are engaged by a protrusion and a groove, together guiding the first sliding medium plate and the second sliding medium plate to slide.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the reflector includes a reflector body and a reflector side plate. The reflector side plate is located at the edge of the reflector body and intersects with it. The insulating support frame further includes a second insulating side plate located at the end of the first insulating support plate away from the main body of the insulating support frame. One end of the second insulating side plate is connected to and intersects with the first insulating support plate, and the other end of the second insulating side plate is disposed away from the reflector. The cross-sections of the second insulating side plate and the first insulating support plate are "L"-shaped. The power supply network further includes a first side phase-shifting belt line and a third sliding dielectric plate. The first side phase-shifting belt line is connected to the phase-shifting belt line, and the third sliding dielectric plate is connected to the first sliding dielectric plate. The cross-sections of the third sliding dielectric plate and the first sliding dielectric plate are "L"-shaped. In the third direction, the reflector side plate, the third sliding dielectric plate, the first side phase-shifting belt line, and the second insulating side plate are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence. The third sliding dielectric plate can slide relative to the first side phase-shifting belt line along the second direction. The third sliding dielectric plate slides relative to the first side phase-shifting strip line to change the phase of the signal in the first side phase-shifting strip line. The reflective side plate, the third sliding dielectric plate, the first side phase-shifting strip line, and the second insulating side plate constitute a phase shifter. The reference ground of this phase shifter is only the reflective side plate, that is, the reflective side plate is the single-sided reference ground of this phase shifter.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the antenna further includes a radiating element fixed to the side of the insulating support frame away from the reflector, wherein the reflector, the feed network, the insulating support frame, and the radiating element are arranged sequentially in the first direction.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the phase-shifting tape and the insulating support frame are integrated into a single structure. This reduces the size of the phase shifter and simplifies the structure.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the phase-shifting strip is located on the surface of the first insulating support plate facing the reflector, and the phase shifter of the feed network includes the first insulating support plate, the phase-shifting strip, the first sliding dielectric plate, and the reflector. In this embodiment, the reference ground of the phase shifter is also a single-sided reference ground.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the circuit portion of the feed network, except for the first sliding dielectric plate, is integrated with the insulating support frame. This significantly reduces the antenna size and simplifies the structure. In another implementation, the circuit portion of the feed network, except for the first sliding dielectric plate, can be integrally injection molded with the insulating support frame, or the feed network can be formed by electroplating metal onto the insulating support frame and then combining it with an etching patterning process.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the insulating support frame further includes a second insulating support plate, which is connected to and intersects with the first insulating support plate. The second insulating support plate is located on the side of the first insulating support plate away from the reflector, and the portion of the power supply network excluding the phase-shifting line is located on the second insulating support plate.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the antenna is a dual-polarized antenna, which includes a first antenna structure and a second antenna structure arranged adjacent to each other. The feed network in the first antenna structure is a positive polarization feed network, and the feed network in the second antenna structure is a negative polarization feed network. The insulating support frames in the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure are respectively a first insulating support frame and a second insulating support frame, and a ground plane is provided between the first insulating support frame and the second insulating support frame.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure further include a positive polarization radiating sub-unit and a negative polarization radiating sub-unit, respectively. The positive polarization radiating sub-unit is connected to the positive polarization feed network, and the negative polarization radiating sub-unit is connected to the negative polarization feed network. The positive polarization radiating sub-unit and the negative polarization radiating sub-unit are respectively fixed at the ends of the first insulating support frame and the second insulating support frame away from the reflector. The end of the ground plane away from the reflector extends between the positive polarization radiating sub-unit and the negative polarization radiating sub-unit to serve as a reference ground for the positive polarization radiating sub-unit and the negative polarization radiating sub-unit.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the first sliding dielectric plates in the adjacent first antenna structure and second antenna structure are fixedly connected. This connection can be achieved using a fastener, allowing both first sliding dielectric plates to be driven simultaneously by a transmission mechanism. The fastener can be a floral structure or other shapes, depending on actual needs. Other methods for fixing adjacent first sliding dielectric plates include welding, snap-fitting, rivets, screws, or hot riveting.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the antenna includes a dual-polarized antenna array, each dual-polarized antenna including a first antenna structure and a second antenna structure, and a plurality of the dual-polarized antennas are arranged along the third direction.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the antenna further includes a fourth sliding dielectric plate, and the feed network further includes a second side-shifting phase line located on the side of the second insulating support plate facing the ground plane. The fourth sliding dielectric plate is located between the second side-shifting phase line and the ground plane. The fourth sliding dielectric plate and the first sliding dielectric plate together affect the phase of the signal. Another phase shifter in the antenna includes the second insulating support plate, the second side-shifting phase line, the fourth sliding dielectric plate, and the ground plane.

[0047] In one possible implementation, a second sliding dielectric plate may be provided between the phase-shifting band line and the reflector, wherein the first sliding dielectric plate and the second sliding dielectric plate together affect the phase of the signal in the phase-shifting band line.

[0048] In one embodiment, the reflector includes a reflector body and a reflector side plate. The reflector side plate is located at the edge of the reflector body and intersects and connects with the reflector body. The insulating support frame, the power supply network, and the radiation unit are located on one side of the reflector body along a fourth direction. In a first direction, the first insulating support plate, the phase-shifting strip, the first sliding dielectric plate, and the reflector side plate are sequentially arranged. The first direction is parallel to the reflector body and intersects the fourth direction perpendicularly. The phase shifter of the power supply network includes the first insulating support plate, the phase-shifting strip, the first sliding dielectric plate, and the reflector side plate. The phase shifter is a single-sided reference ground.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the reflective side plate and the first sliding medium plate may be provided with protrusions and grooves, or with elongated holes and pins. The protrusions and grooves, or elongated holes and pins, cooperate to guide the sliding of the first sliding medium plate. This will not be elaborated further here, but the cooperation between the protrusions and grooves and the protrusions and grooves can be understood by referring to the previous text.

[0050] Secondly, this application provides a base station, the base station including a radio frequency processing unit and an antenna as described in any of the above claims, wherein the radio frequency processing unit is electrically connected to the antenna. A smaller and lighter antenna can save space in the base station, making it more compact.

[0051] In the antenna of this application, on the one hand, a reflector is used as the reference ground for the phase shifter, eliminating the need for an additional metal plate or metal cavity, thus simplifying the antenna structure and saving costs. On the other hand, the reference ground of the phase shifter in this application is a single-sided reference ground, with a first insulating support plate on the other side of the phase shifting line. Compared to a phase shifter with a metal cavity shape and a double-sided reference ground, the material of the first insulating support plate is lighter, making the antenna lighter. Furthermore, the first insulating support plate in the insulating support frame used to fix the feed network can be used to limit the first sliding dielectric plate, ensuring the stability of the phase shifter and improving the antenna integration, thus achieving antenna miniaturization. The first sliding dielectric plate can be provided with protrusions and grooves, elongated holes and pins with the first insulating support plate and the reflector for guiding purposes. The second sliding dielectric plate can also be provided with protrusions and grooves, elongated holes and pins with the first insulating support plate for guiding purposes. The phase shifting line and the insulating support frame are integrally formed to further simplify the antenna structure, making the antenna smaller and lighter. Attached Figure Description

[0052] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a system architecture applicable to an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base station antenna feeder system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the antenna configuration provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 5 An exploded view of an antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 6 A side view of an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 7 A side view of an antenna without its insulating support frame, provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a phase shifter in the prior art;

[0061] Figure 9 A side view of an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feed network portion of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 11a for Figure 10 A magnified view of part M in the middle;

[0064] Figure 11b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 12 A side view of an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 13 for Figure 12 A magnified view of part N in the middle;

[0067] Figure 14a A schematic diagram of the structure of the first insulating support plate and the first sliding dielectric plate in an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 14b A cross-sectional view of the first insulating support plate and the first sliding dielectric plate in an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 15a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reflector and the first sliding dielectric plate in an antenna according to an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 15b A cross-sectional view of a reflector and a first sliding dielectric plate in an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 16 A cross-sectional view of a reflector and a first sliding dielectric plate in an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 17 A cross-sectional view of a reflector and a first sliding dielectric plate in an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 19 An exploded view of an antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figure 20 A side view of an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 21 A side view of an antenna without its insulating support frame, provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0077] Figure 22A schematic diagram of the structure of the first sliding dielectric plate and the second sliding dielectric plate in an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0079] Figure 24 for Figure 20 A magnified view of part L in the middle;

[0080] Figure 25 A side view of an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0081] Figure 26 A side view of an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0082] Figure 27 A side view of an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0083] Figure 28 A side view of an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0084] Figure 29 A side view of an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0085] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0086] Figure 31 An exploded view of an antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0087] Figure 32 A side view of an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0088] Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna without a reflector provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0089] Figure 34 An exploded view of an antenna without a reflector provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0090] Figure 35 for Figure 34 A magnified view of part Q in the middle;

[0091] Figure 36 A side view of an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0092] Figure 37 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0093] Figure 38 A side view of an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0094] Figure 39 for Figure 38 A magnified view of part P in the middle;

[0095] Figure 40 This is a side view of an antenna provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0096] Figure label:

[0097] 1-Antenna; 10-Antenna structure; 100-Reflector;

[0098] 101 - Second pin; 102 - First protrusion; 103 - Second groove;

[0099] 11-Radiator cover; 110-Ground plate; 120-Reflector body;

[0100] 130 - Reflector side plate; 2 - Mount; 20 - First antenna structure;

[0101] 200 - Insulating support frame; 200a - First insulating support frame; 200b - Second insulating support frame;

[0102] 201 - Containment space; 211 - First pin; 212 - Third protrusion;

[0103] 213 - Fourth groove; 214 - Second insulating side plate; 215 - Third insulating side plate;

[0104] 216 - Fourth insulating side plate; 230 - Main body of insulating support frame; 240 - Fixing component;

[0105] 241-Fixing plug; 242-Fixing pad; 3-Antenna adjustment bracket;

[0106] 30 - Second antenna structure; 300 - Feed network; 300a - Positive polarization feed network;

[0107] 300b - Negative polarization feed network; 301 - Power divider; 302 - Filter;

[0108] 311 - First side phase shifting zone line; 312 - Second side phase shifting zone line; 321 - First hole;

[0109] 322 - Second hole; 323 - First groove; 324 - Second protrusion;

[0110] 325 - Fixture; 331 - Metal cavity; 332 - Sliding medium;

[0111] 360 - Power supply structure; 370 - Third sliding dielectric plate; 380a - First circuit section;

[0112] 380b - Second circuit section; 390 - Fourth sliding medium plate; 400 - Transmission mechanism;

[0113] 5 - Radio frequency processing unit; 500 - Radiation unit; 501 - Balun;

[0114] 502 - Oscillator arm; 503 - Director piece; 510 - Positive pole radiating unit;

[0115] 520 - Negative pole radiation unit; 6 - Baseband processing unit;

[0116] 210, 210a, 210b, 210c, 210d - First insulating support plate;

[0117] 220, 220a, 220b, 220c, 220d - First insulating side plate;

[0118] 250, 250a, 250b - Second insulating support plate;

[0119] 310, 310a, 310b - Phase-shifting zone lines;

[0120] 320, 320a, 320b, 320c, 320d - First sliding medium plate;

[0121] 330, 330a, 330b, 330c, 330d - Phase shifters;

[0122] 340, 340c, 340d - Second sliding medium plate;

[0123] 350a, 350b - Signal transmission ports. Detailed Implementation

[0124] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0125] In this document, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0126] Furthermore, in this article, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation of the structure as shown in the attached drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation of the structure.

[0127] In the direction coordinate diagram in the attached drawings of the instruction manual, the solid circle represents the direction Y, which is perpendicular to the XZ plane.

[0128] To facilitate understanding of the antenna and base station provided in the embodiments of this application, their application scenarios are described below. Figure 1 Examples are shown, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application scenario can include base stations and terminals. Wireless communication can be achieved between the base station and the terminal. The base station can be located in a base station bubsystem (BBS), a UMTS (Underground Radio Access Network) terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), or an evolved terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), used for cell coverage of radio signals to enable communication between the terminal device and the wireless network. Specifically, the base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Node B (NB) in a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the base station can be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, or a g node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0129] Figure 2 A possible structural diagram of a base station is shown. A base station typically includes an antenna 1, a mast 2, and an antenna adjustment bracket 3. The antenna 1 of the base station includes an radome 11, which possesses excellent electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in terms of electrical performance and can withstand the effects of harsh external environments in terms of mechanical performance, thus protecting the antenna system from external environmental influences. The antenna 1 can be mounted on the mast 2 or a tower via the antenna adjustment bracket 3 to facilitate signal reception or transmission.

[0130] Additionally, the base station may include a radio frequency (RF) processing unit 5 and a baseband processing unit 6. For example, the RF processing unit 5 can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna 1, converting it into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a baseband signal and sending it to the baseband processing unit 6. Alternatively, the RF processing unit 5 can be used to up-convert and amplify the IF signal from the baseband processing unit 6 and convert it into electromagnetic waves through the antenna 1 for transmission. The baseband processing unit 6 can be connected to the feed network of the antenna 1 via the RF processing unit 5. In some embodiments, the RF processing unit 5 may also be called a remote radio unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 6 may also be called a baseband unit (BBU). In one possible embodiment, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the radio frequency processing unit 5 can be integrated with the antenna 1, and the baseband processing unit 6 is located at the far end of the antenna 1. In some other embodiments, the radio frequency processing unit 5 and the baseband processing unit 6 can also be located at the far end of the antenna 1 simultaneously. The radio frequency processing unit 5 and the baseband processing unit 6 can be connected via a cable 7.

[0131] More specifically, please refer to the following: Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the antenna configuration of one possible embodiment of this application. Wherein, as... Figure 3 As shown, the base station antenna 1 may include a radiating element 500 and a reflector 100. It is worth noting that the term "radiating element" here refers to all radiating elements, such as the positive pole radiating element 510 and the negative pole radiating element 520 as described in the various embodiments below. The radiating element 500 may also be called an antenna element, vibrator, etc. The first radiating element 500 is a unit constituting the basic structure of the antenna array, which can effectively transmit or receive antenna signals. In antenna 1, the frequencies of different radiating elements 500 may be the same or different. The reflector 100 may also be called a base plate, antenna panel, or reflective surface, etc., and may specifically be made of metal. When the antenna receives a signal, the reflector 100 can reflect and focus the antenna signal onto the receiving point, thereby achieving directional reception. When the antenna transmits a signal, the reflector 100 achieves directional transmission of the antenna signal. The radiating element 500 is usually placed on one side of the reflector 100 surface. This not only greatly enhances the signal reception or transmission capability of the antenna 1, but also blocks and shields other radio waves from the back of the reflector 100 (in this application, the back of the reflector 100 refers to the side of the reflector 100 opposite to where the radiating element 500 is set) from interfering with the antenna signal reception, thereby improving the antenna gain.

[0132] In antenna 1 of the base station, the radiating element 500 is connected to the feed network 300. The feed network 300 is typically composed of controlled impedance transmission lines. The feed network 300 can feed signals to the radiating element 500 with a certain amplitude and phase, or send received signals to the baseband processing unit 6 of the base station with a certain amplitude and phase. Specifically, in some embodiments, the feed network 300 can achieve different radiation beam directions through the transmission mechanism 400, or be connected to the transmission mechanism 400 to obtain the calibration signals required by the system. The feed network 300 may include a phase shifter 330 to change the maximum direction of antenna signal radiation. The feed network 300 may also include modules for extending performance, such as a power divider 301, which can be used to combine multiple signals into one signal for transmission through antenna 1; or the power divider 301 can divide one signal into multiple signals, for example, dividing the signal received by antenna 1 into multiple paths according to different frequencies and transmitting them to the baseband processing unit 6 for processing. For example, a filter 302 may also be provided in the power supply network 300 to filter out interference signals.

[0133] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna 1 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 for Figure 4 Exploded view of antenna 1 Figure 6 for Figure 4 Side view of antenna 1. Figure 7 Based on Figure 6 The side view of the insulating support frame 200 is removed. This application provides an antenna 1, including a reflector 100, an insulating support frame 200, and a feed network 300. The insulating support frame 200 is located on one side of the reflector 100 and includes a first insulating support plate 210. The feed network 300 is located on the same side of the reflector 100 and connected to the insulating support frame 200. The feed network 300 includes a phase-shifting line 310 and a first sliding dielectric plate 320. In the first direction X, the first insulating support plate 210, the phase-shifting line 310, the first sliding dielectric plate 320, and the reflector 100 are arranged sequentially.

[0134] In one implementation, the first direction X is perpendicular to the overall surface of the reflector 100, and the feed network 300 and the insulating support frame 200 are located on the same side of the reflector 100 along the first direction X. The insulating support frame 200 is made of an insulating material, such as plastic, which has minimal interference with the signal or electrical performance of the feed network 300. In some cases, compared to a support frame made of metal, the insulating support frame 200 can be considered to have no impact on the electrical performance of the feed network 300. The shape of the insulating support frame 200 can be set according to the shape of the feed network 300, so that the feed network 300 can be stably fixedly connected to the insulating support frame 200. The fixing methods include, but are not limited to, welding, snap-fitting, rivets, screws, or hot riveting. In some embodiments, the feed network 300 and the insulating support frame 200 can be stacked on the same side of the reflector 100 in the first direction X, thus saving the volume of the antenna 1. In one embodiment, the insulating support frame 200 can be fixed to the reflector 100 to fix the power supply network 300 between the insulating support frame 200 and the reflector 100. The method of fixing the insulating support frame 200 to the reflector 100 includes, but is not limited to, welding, snap-fitting, rivet, screw or hot riveting.

[0135] The circuitry in the power supply network 300 can be configured with functional modules such as power dividers, filters, or multiplexers according to actual needs. The power supply network 300 can be implemented using a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) or metal strips. The first sliding dielectric plate 320 has a specific dielectric constant, which can be selected according to actual requirements.

[0136] Please refer to it again. Figure 6 In the first direction X, the first insulating support plate 210, the phase-shifting strip line 310, the first sliding dielectric plate 320, and the reflector 100 are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence. There are no other components between the first insulating support plate 210 and the phase-shifting strip line 310, between the phase-shifting strip line 310 and the first sliding dielectric plate 320, and between the first sliding dielectric plate 320 and the reflector 100. There is no grounding layer, reflector, metal plate, or other metal material between the first insulating support plate 210 and the phase-shifting strip line 310. This embodiment simplifies the structure of the phase shifter 330, and correspondingly, the structure of the antenna 1 is also simplified.

[0137] Please refer to it again. Figure 6In this embodiment, the phase-shifting strip line 310 can serve as the inner conductor of the phase shifter 330, and the reflector 100 can serve as the outer conductor of the phase shifter 330, which is the reference ground for the signal in the phase-shifting strip line 310. The first sliding dielectric plate 320 is located between the phase-shifting strip line 310 (the inner conductor of the phase shifter 330) and the reflector 100 (the outer conductor of the phase shifter 330). Moving the first sliding dielectric plate 320 changes the relative position of the first sliding dielectric plate 320 and the phase-shifting strip line 310, thereby changing the dielectric constant between the phase-shifting strip line 310 and the reflector 100. This changes the phase of the signal in the phase-shifting strip line 310, causing the vertical beam of the antenna 1 to form a specific downtilt angle. The feed network 300 can be connected via a transmission mechanism 400 (such as...). Figure 5 (As shown) Drive the first sliding medium plate 320 to move to achieve different radiation beam directions.

[0138] In this embodiment, it should be noted that there are no other components between the first insulating support plate 210 and the phase shifting strip 310. The reference ground of the phase shifter 330 is only the reflector 100 located on one side of the phase shifting strip 310. The first insulating support plate 210 on the other side of the phase shifting strip 310 is not used as a reference ground because it is made of insulating material. That is to say, the reference ground of the phase shifter 330 is a one-sided reference ground. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 8 In the prior art, the phase shifter 330 uses a metal cavity 331 as the reference ground for the phase shifting strip 310. The upper, lower, left, and right sides of the phase shifting strip 310 are all metal plates, and there is a sliding medium 332 on both sides of the phase shifting strip 310. The phase shifting strip 310 and the sliding medium 332 are housed within the metal cavity 331. That is, in the prior art, the reference ground of the phase shifting strip 310 is a double-sided reference ground, meaning the double-sided reference ground consists of the metal plates located on the upper and lower sides of the phase shifting strip 310. However, in this embodiment (e.g....) Figure 6 As shown), the phase shifter 330 of the feed network 300 includes a first insulating support plate 210, a phase shifting strip line 310, a first sliding dielectric plate 320, and a reflector 100. That is, in the phase shifter 330, one side of the phase shifting strip line 310 is the first insulating support plate 210, and the other side is the reflector 100. It is an open-type phase shifter without a cavity. The reflector 100 itself functions in the antenna 1 to reflect and focus the antenna signal onto the receiving point, thereby achieving directional reception. In this application, the reflector 100 is reused as a reference ground, eliminating the need for additional components as a reference ground. Because it is a single-sided reference ground, compared to... Figure 8 The phase shifter shown is lighter than the phase shifter 330 of this application. Furthermore, Figure 8When the phase shifter is used in an antenna, an additional fixing bracket is required to secure the feed network, which not only reduces the antenna integration but also complicates the antenna structure. In this embodiment, the insulating support frame 200 is mainly used to fix the feed network 300. A portion of the insulating support frame 200 (the first insulating support plate 210) is sandwiched between the reflector 100 and the first sliding dielectric plate 320. No additional components are needed to limit the first sliding dielectric plate 320. In other words, in this embodiment, the reflector 100 is reused as the reference ground for the phase shifter 330, and a portion of the insulating support frame 200 (the first insulating support plate 210) is reused to limit the first sliding dielectric plate 320. This improves the integration of the antenna 1, simplifies the structure, and achieves the lightweight and miniaturization of the antenna 1.

[0139] In this embodiment, the phase-shifting strip line 310 and the first sliding dielectric plate 320 extend along the second direction Y. The first sliding dielectric plate 320 can slide relative to the phase-shifting strip line 310 along the second direction Y. The second direction Y can intersect the first direction X perpendicularly. The first direction X is the thickness direction of the antenna 1, and the second direction Y is the length direction or width direction of the antenna 1.

[0140] As described above, in one implementation, the first insulating support plate 210, the phase shifting belt 310, the first sliding dielectric plate 320, and the reflector 100 are arranged adjacent to each other and stacked in the first direction X. This arrangement of adjacent components and stacking can improve the structural strength of the phase shifter 330 and prevent the components in the phase shifter 330 from separating under impact, thus preventing the phase shifting function from being lost.

[0141] In this application, the phase-shifting stripline 310 can be any signal line segment in the feed network 300 that requires a change in signal phase. For example, it can be a signal line segment in a power divider. A power divider is a functional module that splits one signal into multiple signals or combines multiple signals into one signal. When the phase-shifting stripline 310 is a signal line segment in a power divider, the power divider can perform both power division and phase-shifting functions; the power divider and phase shifter can be collectively referred to as a phase-shifting power divider. Another example is that the phase-shifting stripline 310 can also be a signal line segment adjacent to a radiating unit in the feed network. In this application, the phase-shifting stripline 310 can be a metal line, a stripline structure, or a microstrip line structure. Please refer to... Figure 5 and Figure 7 To facilitate the assembly of the phase shifter 330, in one implementation, the phase shift line 310 is located at the edge of the feed network 300. In other implementations, the phase shift line 310 may also be located in the middle of the feed network 300.

[0142] Please combine Figure 5 and Figure 6In this embodiment, antenna 1 further includes a radiating element 500, which is fixed to the side of the insulating support frame 200 away from the reflector 100. In the first direction X, the reflector 100, feed network 300, insulating support frame 200, and radiating element 500 are arranged sequentially. This simplifies the structure of antenna 1, increases its integration, and makes antenna 1 lighter and smaller. The radiating element 500 includes a balun 501, a vibrating arm 502, and a director 503. The director 503 is used to change the radiation direction of the signal and can be fixed above the vibrating arm 502 by a support member. In some implementations, the director 503 may not be included. The reflector 100, power supply network 300, insulating support frame 200, and radiating unit 500 are arranged sequentially. This means the power supply network 300 is located between the reflector 100 and the insulating support frame 200, and the insulating support frame 200 is located between the power supply network 300 and the radiating unit 500. It should be noted that the radiating unit 500 mentioned here refers to its upper end. Figure 6 In the dashed box section 504, the lower end of the radiating unit 500 needs to pass through the insulating support frame 200 and connect to the feed network 200. In some implementations, when the radiating unit 500 and the feed network 200 are coupled, the entire radiating unit 500 can be placed on the side of the insulating support frame 200 away from the reflector 100.

[0143] Please see Figure 9 and Figure 10 In this embodiment, the power supply network 300 includes two phase shifters 330, which are arranged opposite each other along a third direction Z, and are respectively denoted as phase shifter 330a and phase shifter 330b. Specifically, the power supply network 300 is symmetrically arranged (e.g., Figure 10 As shown), it includes two phase-shifting band lines 310a and 310b (as shown). Figure 10 (as shown), two signal transmission ports 350a and 350b (as shown) Figure 10 As shown), multiple power supply structures 360 (such as...) Figure 10 As shown), two first sliding medium plates 320a and 320b (as shown) Figure 9(As shown). Signal transmission ports 350a and 350b are used to connect to an external information processing device other than antenna 1, and are used to realize signal transmission between antenna 1 and the external information processing device, which can be radio frequency processing unit 5. Feed structure 360 ​​is used to connect to radiating unit 500 and realize signal transmission between radiating unit 500. Insulating support frame 200 includes insulating support frame body 230 and two first insulating support plates 210a and 210b. The two first insulating support plates 210a and 210b are respectively located on both sides of insulating support frame body 230 along the third direction Z. Phase shifter 330a includes a reflector 100, a first sliding medium plate 320a, a phase shifting strip line 310a, and a first insulating support plate 210a arranged sequentially adjacent to each other; phase shifter 330b includes a reflector 100, a first sliding medium plate 320b, a phase shifting strip line 310b, and a first insulating support plate 210b arranged sequentially adjacent to each other.

[0144] When antenna 1 transmits a signal, radio frequency processing unit 5 transmits the signal to signal transmission ports 350a and 350b, and then to phase-shifting lines 310a and 310b respectively. The signal is then transmitted to the feed structure 360 ​​via a power divider, filter, or multiplexer (not shown in the figure). The feed structure 360 ​​radiates the received signal to the external space through radiating unit 500. In one embodiment, the feed network 300 may further include a power divider, filter, or multiplexer (not shown in the figure), which can be configured according to actual needs. The number and structure of radiating units 500 and feed structure 360 ​​can also be configured according to actual needs and are not limited in this application. The phase changes of the signals in phase shifters 330a and 330b may be the same or different, which can be configured according to actual needs.

[0145] In this embodiment, the portion of the power supply network 300 excluding phase-shifting lines 310a and 310b is located between the insulating support frame body 230 and the reflector 100. Please refer to... Figure 10 , Figure 11a and Figure 11b , Figure 11a for Figure 10 A magnified view of part M in the middle. Figure 11b for Figure 10 A partial cross-sectional view. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the power supply network 300 is fixed to the insulating support frame body 230 by fastener 240, as follows: Figure 11a As shown, the fixing member 240 includes a fixing pad 242 and a fixing plug 241 connected to each other. The fixing pad 242 is located below the middle part of the power supply network 300, for example, below the signal transmission port 350b, and is used to support the power supply network 300. Figure 11bAs shown, since a first sliding medium plate 320 is provided between the phase shifting belt line 310 and the reflector plate 100, the lower part of the middle section of the power supply network 300 is suspended. The fixing pad 242 is placed under the middle section of the power supply network 300, which can play a supporting role and improve the structural strength of the power supply network 300. Fixing holes matching the fixing plug 241 can be provided in the insulating support frame body 230. The fixing plug 241 is inserted into the fixing hole to fix the power supply network 300 on the insulating support frame body 230.

[0146] Figure 12 This application is based on Figures 4 to 7 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure of another possible embodiment. Please refer to Figure 12 and... Figure 13 , Figure 13 yes Figure 12 In a partially enlarged view of part N, in one embodiment, the insulating support frame 200 further includes a first insulating side plate 220. The first insulating side plate 220 is located on the side of the first insulating support plate 210 facing the reflector plate 100. The first insulating side plate 220 and the phase-shifting belt line 310 are arranged side by side and both extend in the second direction Y, which intersects the first direction X. In this embodiment, the first insulating side plate 220 may be located on the side of the first sliding medium plate 320 away from the insulating support frame body 230. The first insulating side plate 220 is used to guide the first sliding medium plate 320, so that the first sliding medium plate 320 can only slide along the second direction Y. In this embodiment, the phase-shifting strip line 310 and the first sliding dielectric plate 320 are arranged side by side with the first insulating side plate 220 and extend along the second direction Y with the phase-shifting strip line 310. In other words, the phase-shifting strip line 310 and the first sliding dielectric plate 320 are located on the same side of the first insulating side plate 220 along the third direction Z. The third direction Z intersects the second direction Y and the first direction X in pairs. For example, the third direction Z intersects the second direction Y and the first direction X perpendicularly. The first direction X is the thickness direction of the antenna 1. When the second direction Y is the width direction of the antenna 1, the third direction Z is the length direction of the antenna 1. When the second direction Y is the length direction of the antenna 1, the third direction Z is the width direction of the antenna 1.

[0147] Figure 14a and Figure 14b This application is based on Figures 4 to 7 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure in another possible embodiment. See also... Figure 14a and Figure 14b , Figure 14a The top and bottom views are schematic diagrams of the surface of the first insulating support plate 210 facing the first sliding medium plate 320 and the surface of the first sliding medium plate 320 facing the first insulating support plate 210, respectively. Figure 14b yes Figure 14aThe image shows a cross-sectional view of the first insulating support plate 210 and the first sliding medium plate 320 assembled together. In one embodiment, the first sliding medium plate 320 has a first hole 321 extending through it, and the first hole 321 extends along the second direction Y. The surface of the first insulating support plate 210 facing the reflector plate 100 has a plurality of first pins 211 arranged along the second direction Y. The first pins 211 pass through the first hole 321 and can slide relative to the first hole 321. The second direction Y intersects the first direction X and is the same as the extending direction of the first sliding medium plate 320. Multiple first pins 211 arranged along the second direction Y are inserted into the first hole 321. When the first sliding medium plate 320 slides, it can only slide along the second direction Y. That is, the first hole 321 and the first pins 211 cooperate to guide the first sliding medium plate 320 to slide along the second direction Y, avoiding the first sliding medium plate 320 from deviating in directions other than the second direction Y, ensuring the control accuracy of the sliding of the first sliding medium plate 320, and thus improving the phase shifting accuracy of the phase shifter 330.

[0148] The first hole 321 is an elongated hole extending along the second direction Y, and the plurality of first pins 211 arranged along the second direction Y can be inserted into the same first hole 321. When there are multiple first holes 321, the multiple first holes 321 are arranged along the second direction Y, and one first pin 211 or multiple first pins 211 can be provided in each of the multiple first holes 321.

[0149] In one possible implementation, a first pin 211 is disposed on a first sliding medium plate 320, and a first hole 321 is disposed on a first insulating support plate 210. The first sliding medium plate 320 is guided to slide along the second direction Y by the cooperation of the first hole 321 and the first pin 211.

[0150] Figure 15a and Figure 15b This application is based on Figures 4 to 7 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure in another possible embodiment. See also... Figure 15a and Figure 15b , Figure 15a The top and bottom images are schematic diagrams of the surface of the first sliding medium plate 320 facing the reflector plate 100 and the surface of the reflector plate 100 facing the first sliding medium plate 320, respectively. Figure 15b yes Figure 15aThe image shows a cross-sectional view of the assembled reflector 100 and first sliding medium plate 320. In one embodiment, the first sliding medium plate 320 has a second hole 322 extending through it along a second direction Y. The reflector 100 has a plurality of second pins 101 arranged along the second direction Y on its surface facing the first sliding medium plate 320. The second pins 101 pass through the second hole 322 and can slide relative to it. The second direction Y intersects the first direction X and is the same as the extending direction of the first sliding medium plate 320. In this embodiment, the second pins 101 on the reflector 100 cooperate with the second hole 322 to guide the first sliding medium plate 320 to slide along the second direction Y, preventing the first sliding medium plate 320 from deviating in directions other than the second direction Y, ensuring the control accuracy of the sliding of the first sliding medium plate 320, and thus improving the phase shifting accuracy of the phase shifter 330.

[0151] In one possible implementation, a second pin 101 is disposed on the first sliding medium plate 320, and a second hole 322 is disposed on the reflector plate 100. The first sliding medium plate 320 is guided to slide along the second direction Y by cooperating with the second hole 322 and the second pin 101.

[0152] In one possible implementation, a first hole 321 and a second hole 322 may be provided in the first sliding medium plate 320. The first hole 321 and the second hole 322 respectively cooperate with the first pin 211 on the first insulating support plate 210 and the second pin 101 on the reflector plate 100 to guide the first sliding medium plate 320 to slide along the second direction Y.

[0153] Figure 16 This application is based on Figures 4 to 7 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure of another possible embodiment is shown in Figure 16. Referring to Figure 16, in one embodiment, a first groove 323 is provided on the surface of the first sliding dielectric plate 320 facing the reflector 100, and a first protrusion 102 is provided on the surface of the reflector 100 facing the first sliding dielectric plate 320. The first groove 323 extends in the same direction as the first sliding dielectric plate 320, and the first protrusion 102 is located in the first groove 323 and can slide relative to the first groove 323. In this embodiment, the first protrusion 102 and the first groove 323 cooperate to guide the first sliding dielectric plate 320 to slide relative to the phase shifting line 310 along the second direction Y. The extending direction of the first protrusion 102 is the same as that of the first groove 323 and the first sliding dielectric plate 320, which is the second direction Y. In some embodiments, when the first protrusion 102 is in the shape of a pin, multiple first protrusions 102 can be provided, and the multiple first protrusions 102 are arranged along the second direction Y.

[0154] Figure 17 This application is based on Figures 4 to 7A schematic diagram of the antenna structure of another possible embodiment is shown in Figure 17. Referring to Figure 17, in one embodiment, the surface of the first sliding dielectric plate 320 facing the reflector 100 has a second protrusion 324, and the surface of the reflector 100 facing the first sliding dielectric plate 320 has a second groove 103. The second groove 103 extends in the same direction as the first sliding dielectric plate 320, and the second protrusion 324 is located in the second groove 103. In this embodiment, the second protrusion 324 engages with the second groove 103 to guide the first sliding dielectric plate 320 to slide relative to the phase shifting line 310 along the second direction Y. The extending direction of the second protrusion 324 is the same as that of the second groove 103 and the first sliding dielectric plate 320, which is the second direction Y. In some embodiments, when the second protrusion 324 is in the shape of a pin, multiple second protrusions 324 can be provided, and the multiple second protrusions 324 are arranged along the second direction Y.

[0155] In one possible implementation, a protrusion may be provided on the surface of the first insulating support plate 210 facing the first sliding medium plate 320, and a groove may be provided on the surface of the first sliding medium plate 320 facing the first insulating support plate 210. The groove and the protrusion cooperate to guide the first sliding medium plate 320 to slide relative to the phase shifting belt line 310 in the second direction Y.

[0156] In one possible implementation, a groove may be provided on the surface of the first insulating support plate 210 facing the first sliding medium plate 320, and a protrusion may be provided on the surface of the first sliding medium plate 320 facing the first insulating support plate 210. The groove and the protrusion cooperate to guide the first sliding medium plate 320 to slide relative to the phase shifting belt line 310 in the second direction Y.

[0157] In one possible implementation, a groove and a first pin 211 may be provided on the first insulating support plate 210, and a protrusion and a first hole 321 may be provided on the first sliding medium plate 320. The groove and the first pin 211 may cooperate with the protrusion and the first hole 321 respectively to guide the first sliding medium plate 320 to slide.

[0158] Please see Figure 18 , Figure 19 , Figure 20 and Figure 21 , Figure 18 This application is based on Figures 4 to 7 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure in another possible embodiment. Figure 19 for Figure 18 Exploded view of antenna 1 Figure 20 for Figure 18 Side view of antenna 1. Figure 21 based on Figure 20 The side view of the insulating support frame 200 is removed. In one embodiment, with... Figures 4 to 7The embodiment shown differs in that the antenna 1 further includes a second sliding dielectric plate 340, which is located between the first insulating support plate 210 and the phase-shifting strip line 310, as shown in the example. Figure 20 As shown, in this implementation, in the first direction X, a first insulating support plate 210, a second sliding dielectric plate 340, a phase-shifting belt line 310, a first sliding dielectric plate 320, and a reflector plate 100 are sequentially arranged, wherein the second sliding dielectric plate 340 can be connected to the first sliding dielectric plate 320. The phase shifter 330 of the power supply network 300 includes a first insulating support plate 210, a second sliding dielectric plate 340, a phase-shifting belt line 310, a first sliding dielectric plate 320, and a reflector plate 100.

[0159] The second sliding medium plate 340 can be made of the same material as the first sliding medium plate 320, which is an insulating medium. The second sliding medium plate 340 is fixedly connected to the first sliding medium plate 320, allowing them to slide simultaneously. The transmission mechanism 400 can be fixed to either the first sliding medium plate 320 or the second sliding medium plate 340. For example, ... Figure 19 As shown, the transmission mechanism 400 drives the first sliding medium plate 320 to slide, and the first sliding medium plate 320 drives the second sliding medium plate 340 to slide. The second sliding medium plate 340 and the first sliding medium plate 320 slide relative to the phase shifting strip line 310 at the same time, and jointly affect the phase of the signal in the phase shifting strip line 310.

[0160] Please see Figure 22 and Figure 23 , Figure 22 yes Figure 19 The diagram shows the structure of the first sliding dielectric plate 320 and the second sliding dielectric plate 340 in antenna 1. Figure 23 yes Figure 19 The schematic diagram of antenna 1 shown is viewed from the reflector 100 side. In one possible implementation, the surface of the second sliding dielectric plate 340 away from the phase shift line 310 has a third groove 341, and the surface of the first insulating support plate 210 facing the second sliding dielectric plate 340 is flat. The third groove 341 is used to reduce the contact area between the first insulating support plate 210 and the second sliding dielectric plate 340, reduce friction, and make the second sliding dielectric plate 340 easier to slide.

[0161] Please continue reading. Figure 22 In one possible implementation, the surface of the first sliding medium plate 320 facing the phase-shifting belt line 310 is further provided with a receiving groove 321, and at least a portion of the phase-shifting belt line 310 is located in the receiving groove 321.

[0162] like Figure 22As shown, the lengths of the second sliding medium plate 340 and the first sliding medium plate 320 along the second direction Y are different, but in some implementations, their lengths can be the same.

[0163] Please combine Figure 20 and Figure 24 , Figure 24 for Figure 20 In a partial enlarged view of section L, in one possible implementation, the insulating support frame 200 further includes a first insulating side plate 220. The first insulating side plate 220 is located on the side of the first insulating support plate 210 facing the reflector plate 100. The first insulating side plate 220 and the phase-shifting belt line 310 are arranged side by side and both extend in the second direction Y, which intersects the first direction X. In this implementation, the phase-shifting belt line 310 and the second sliding dielectric plate 340 are arranged side by side with the first insulating side plate 220 along the third direction Z, or in other words, the phase-shifting belt line 310 and the second sliding dielectric plate 340 are located on the same side of the first insulating side plate 220 along the third direction Z.

[0164] like Figure 20 As shown, the insulating support frame 200 also includes an insulating support frame body 230. The first insulating support plate 210 and the insulating support frame body 230 are arranged side by side along the third direction Z. The first insulating side plate 220 is located at one end of the first insulating support plate 210 adjacent to the insulating support frame body 230. The second sliding medium plate 340 is located on the side of the first insulating side plate 220 away from the insulating support frame body 230. The first insulating side plate 220 can provide guidance for the sliding of the second sliding medium plate 340, so that the second sliding medium plate 340 can only slide in the second direction Y, avoiding the second sliding medium plate 340 from deviating in directions other than the second direction Y, ensuring the control accuracy of the sliding of the second sliding medium plate 340, and thus improving the phase shifting accuracy of the phase shifter 330.

[0165] Figure 25 This application is based on Figures 18 to 21 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure in another possible embodiment. (See diagram below.) Figure 25As shown, in one embodiment, the antenna 1 includes a plurality of antenna structures 10, which are disposed on the same side of the reflector 100. Each of the plurality of antenna structures 10 includes an insulating support frame 200 and a feed network 300. The insulating support frames 200 in two adjacent antenna structures 10 are respectively referred to as the first insulating support frame 200c and the second insulating support frame 200d. The first insulating side plate 220 in the first insulating support frame 200c is referred to as the first insulating side plate 220c, and the first insulating side plate 220 in the first insulating support frame 200d is referred to as the first insulating side plate 220d. The first insulating side plate 220c and the first insulating side plate 220d are disposed opposite to each other. The first insulating support plate 210c, the first insulating support plate 210d, and the reflector 100 between the first insulating side plate 220c and the first insulating side plate 220d form a configuration as shown in the figure. Figure 25 The containment space 201 enclosed by the dashed line contains the first sliding dielectric plate 320c, the first sliding dielectric plate 320d, the second sliding dielectric plate 340c, and the second sliding dielectric plate 340d in the two adjacent antenna structures 10. Each part constituting the containment space 201 can be used to guide the sliding of the first sliding dielectric plate 320c, the first sliding dielectric plate 320d, the second sliding dielectric plate 340c, and the second sliding dielectric plate 340d.

[0166] Figure 26 This application is based on Figures 18 to 21 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure in another possible embodiment. (See diagram below.) Figure 26 As shown, the insulating support frame 200 includes two first insulating side plates 220a and 220b. The first insulating side plates 220a and 220b are disposed opposite each other at both ends of the first insulating support plate 210 along the third direction Z. Both first insulating side plates 220a and 220b extend along the second direction Y to provide guidance for the sliding of the second sliding medium plate 340, so that the second sliding medium plate 340 can slide only in the second direction Y, avoiding the second sliding medium plate 340 from deviating in directions other than the second direction Y, ensuring the control accuracy of the sliding of the second sliding medium plate 340, and thus improving the phase shifting accuracy of the phase shifter 330.

[0167] exist Figure 26In the embodiment shown, compared to the first insulating side plate 220b, the first insulating side plate 220a is disposed away from the insulating support frame body 230. The length of the first insulating side plate 220a along the first direction X is greater than the length of the first insulating side plate 220 along the first direction X. The first insulating side plate 220a extends along the first direction X to the outside of the first sliding medium plate 320 to prevent the first sliding medium plate 320 from sliding outward. The outside of the first sliding medium plate 320 refers to the side of the first sliding medium plate 320 away from the insulating support frame body 230.

[0168] Figure 27 This application is based on Figures 18 to 21 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure in another possible embodiment. (See diagram below.) Figure 27 As shown, in one embodiment, the surface of the second sliding dielectric plate 340 away from the phase shifting line 310 is provided with a third groove 341, and the surface of the first insulating support plate 210 facing the second sliding dielectric plate 340 is provided with a third protrusion 212. The third groove 341 extends in the same direction as the second sliding dielectric plate 340, and the third protrusion 212 is located in the third groove 341 and can slide relative to the third groove 341. The extension direction of the third groove 341 and the second sliding dielectric plate 340 is the second direction Y. The third groove 341 and the third protrusion 212 cooperate so that the second sliding dielectric plate 340 can only slide along the second direction Y, avoiding the second sliding dielectric plate 340 from deviating in directions other than the second direction Y, ensuring the control accuracy of the sliding of the second sliding dielectric plate 340, and thus improving the phase shifting accuracy of the phase shifter 330.

[0169] Figure 28 This application is based on Figures 18 to 21 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure in another possible embodiment. (See diagram below.) Figure 28 As shown, in one embodiment, the surface of the second sliding dielectric plate 340 away from the phase shifting line 310 is provided with a fourth protrusion 342, and the surface of the first insulating support plate 210 facing the second sliding dielectric plate 340 is provided with a fourth groove 213. The fourth groove 213 extends in the same direction as the second sliding dielectric plate 340, and the fourth protrusion 342 is located in the fourth groove 213 and can slide relative to the fourth groove 213. In this embodiment, the extension direction of the fourth groove 213 and the second sliding dielectric plate 340 is the second direction Y. The fourth protrusion 342 cooperates with the fourth groove 213 so that the second sliding dielectric plate 340 can only slide along the second direction Y, avoiding the second sliding dielectric plate 340 from deviating in directions other than the second direction Y, ensuring the control accuracy of the sliding of the second sliding dielectric plate 340, and thus improving the phase shifting accuracy of the phase shifter 330.

[0170] It should be noted that, in Figures 18 to 21 The illustrated embodiment Figures 25 to 28In the embodiments shown, the antenna in each embodiment may also have an elongated hole on the second sliding dielectric plate 340 and a pin on the surface of the first insulating support plate 210 facing the second sliding dielectric plate 340; or a pin may be provided on the surface of the second sliding dielectric plate 340 facing the first insulating support plate 210, and an elongated hole may be provided on the first insulating support plate 210, with the pin and the elongated hole cooperating to guide the second sliding dielectric plate 340 to slide.

[0171] In one possible implementation, the second sliding medium plate 340 and the first insulating support plate 210 are engaged by a pin and an elongated hole, and the first sliding medium plate 320 and the reflector plate 100 are engaged by a pin and an elongated hole (e.g. Figure 15b As shown), they jointly guide the sliding of the first sliding medium plate 320 and the second sliding medium plate 340.

[0172] In one possible implementation, the second sliding medium plate 340 and the first insulating support plate 210 are engaged by protrusions and grooves (e.g., Figure 27 As shown), the first sliding medium plate 320 and the reflector plate 100 are engaged by protrusions and grooves (as shown). Figure 17 As shown), they jointly guide the sliding of the first sliding medium plate 320 and the second sliding medium plate 340.

[0173] Figure 29 This application is based on Figures 4 to 7 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure of another possible embodiment is shown. Referring to Figure 29, the antenna of this implementation also includes a third sliding dielectric plate 370 and a first side phase-shifting band line 311. Specifically, in this implementation, the reflector 100 includes a reflector body 120 and a reflector side plate 130. The reflector side plate 130 is located at the edge of the reflector body 120 and intersects with the reflector body 120. The insulating support frame 200 also includes a second insulating side plate 214. The second insulating side plate 214 is located at the end of the first insulating support plate 210 away from the insulating support frame body 230. One end of the second insulating side plate 214 is connected to and intersects with the first insulating support plate 210, and the other end of the second insulating side plate 214 is disposed away from the reflector 100. The cross-section of the second insulating side plate 214 and the first insulating support plate 210 is "L" shaped.

[0174] The power supply network 300 also includes a first side phase-shifting strip line 311 and a third sliding dielectric plate 370. The first side phase-shifting strip line 311 is connected to the phase-shifting strip line 310, and the third sliding dielectric plate 370 is connected to the first sliding dielectric plate 320. The cross-sections of the third sliding dielectric plate 370 and the first sliding dielectric plate 320 are "L" shaped. In the third direction Z, the reflective side plate 130, the third sliding dielectric plate 370, the first side phase-shifting strip line 311, and the second insulating side plate 214 are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence. The third sliding dielectric plate 370 can slide relative to the first side phase-shifting strip line 311 in the second direction Y.

[0175] In this embodiment, the third sliding dielectric plate 370 slides relative to the first side phase-shifting strip line 311 to change the phase of the signal in the first side phase-shifting strip line 311. The reflective side plate 130, the third sliding dielectric plate 370, the first side phase-shifting strip line 311, and the second insulating side plate 214 constitute a phase shifter 330c. The reference ground of the phase shifter 330c is only the reflective side plate 130, that is, the reflective side plate 130 is the single-sided reference ground of the phase shifter 330c. The phase shifter 330 and the phase shifter 330c can simultaneously adjust the phase of the signal to adjust the radiation direction of the signal in the radiation unit 500.

[0176] Figure 30 This application is based on Figures 4 to 7 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure in another possible embodiment. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figures 30 to 35 , Figure 30 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the reflector and other parts of the antenna. Figure 31 yes Figure 30 An exploded view of the portion of the reflector removed (100mm). Figure 32 yes Figure 30 Side view of antenna 1. Figure 33 for Figure 30 A schematic diagram of the structure of the central antenna 1 without the reflector 100. Figure 34 Based on Figure 33 A schematic diagram of the components. Figure 35 yes Figure 34 A magnified view of a portion of the Q-section. (Compared to...) Figures 4 to 7 The difference in the illustrated embodiment is that the phase-shifting strip 310 and the insulating support frame 200 are an integrated structure (e.g., Figure 34 and Figure 35 (As shown). In one possible implementation, the circuit portion of the feed network 300, except for the first sliding dielectric plate 320, is integrated with the insulating support frame 200, which can greatly reduce the size of the antenna 1 and simplify the structure. In another implementation, the circuit portion of the feed network 300, except for the first sliding dielectric plate 320, can be integrally injection molded with the insulating support frame 200, or the feed network 300 can be formed by metal electroplating onto the insulating support frame 200 and then combined with etching patterning process.

[0177] In this embodiment, the phase-shifting strip 310 is located on the surface of the first insulating support plate 210 facing the reflector 100. The phase shifter 330 of the feed network 300 includes the first insulating support plate 210, the phase-shifting strip 310, the first sliding dielectric plate 320, and the reflector 100 (e.g., ...). Figure 32 (As shown). In this embodiment, the reference ground of the phase shifter 330 is also a one-sided reference ground.

[0178] Please continue reading. Figure 32In this embodiment, the insulating support frame 200 further includes a second insulating support plate 250, which is connected to and intersects with the first insulating support plate 210. The second insulating support plate 250 is located on the side of the first insulating support plate 210 away from the reflector 100, and the portion of the feed network 300 excluding the phase-shifting line 310 is located on the second insulating support plate 250. In this implementation, the insulating support frame 200 has an "L"-shaped cross-section. In some implementations, the insulating support frame 200 has an "I"-shaped cross-section, that is, the insulating support frame 200 is generally flat (not shown in the figure), and the feed network 300 is disposed on the surface of the insulating support frame 200 facing the reflector 100. In other embodiments, the insulating support frame 200 may also have other shapes, which can be set according to actual needs.

[0179] Please combine Figure 31 and Figure 34 In this embodiment, antenna 1 is a dual-polarized antenna, which includes a first antenna structure 20 and a second antenna structure 30 arranged adjacent to each other. The feed network 300 in the first antenna structure 20 is a positive polarization feed network 300a, and the feed network 300 in the second antenna structure 30 is a negative polarization feed network 300b. The phase-shifting lines in the positive polarization feed network 300a and the negative polarization feed network 300b are phase-shifting line 310a and phase-shifting line 310b, respectively. The insulating support frames 200 in the first antenna structure 20 and the second antenna structure 30 are the first insulating support frame 200a and the second insulating support frame 200b, respectively. The first insulating support frame 200a includes a second insulating support plate 250a connected to and intersecting with the first insulating support plate 210a (e.g., ...). Figure 34 As shown), the second insulating support frame 200b includes a second insulating support plate 250b and a first insulating support plate 210b that are interconnected and intersecting (as shown). Figure 34 As shown), a grounding plate 110 is provided between the second insulating support plate 250a and the second insulating support plate 250b. Please refer to... Figure 34 and Figure 35 ,exist Figure 34In this embodiment, a ground plane 110 is omitted between the first antenna structure 20 and the second antenna structure 30. In the positive polarization feed network 300a, the first circuit portion 380a, excluding the phase-shifting line 310a, is located on the surface of the second insulating support plate 250a facing the ground plane 110. In the negative polarization feed network 300b, the second circuit portion 380b, excluding the phase-shifting line 310b, is located on the surface of the second insulating support plate 250b facing the ground plane 110. In this embodiment, the ground plane 110 is located between the second insulating support plate 250a and the second insulating support plate 250b. The ground plane 110 serves as a reference ground for both the first circuit portion 380a and the second circuit portion 380b, and also prevents the first circuit portion 380a and the second circuit portion 380b from being too close and interfering with each other's signal transmission.

[0180] In some embodiments, the ground plane 110 may also be located outside the second insulating support plate 250a and the second insulating support plate 250b, as long as it can serve as a reference ground for the first circuit portion 380a and the second circuit portion 380b.

[0181] Please refer to the following: Figure 31 and Figure 36 , Figure 36 for Figure 31 The side view of the antenna in this embodiment shows that the first antenna structure 20 and the second antenna structure 30 further include a positive polarization radiating sub-unit 510 and a negative polarization radiating sub-unit 520, respectively. That is, the radiating element 500 of the dual-polarized antenna includes a positive polarization radiating sub-unit 510 and a negative polarization radiating sub-unit 520. The positive polarization radiating sub-unit 510 is connected to the positive polarization feed network 300a, and the negative polarization radiating sub-unit 520 is connected to the negative polarization feed network 300b. The positive polarization radiating sub-unit 510 and the negative polarization radiating sub-unit 520 are respectively fixed at the ends of the second insulating support plate 250a and the second insulating support plate 250b away from the reflector 100. The end of the ground plane 110 away from the reflector 100 extends between the positive polarization radiating sub-unit 510 and the negative polarization radiating sub-unit 520 to serve as a reference ground for the positive polarization radiating sub-unit 510 and the negative polarization radiating sub-unit 520.

[0182] The positive polarization radiating subunit 510 and the negative polarization radiating subunit 520 are fixed to the second insulating support plate 250a and the second insulating support plate 250b by means of welding, snap-fitting, rivets, screws, or hot riveting. In some embodiments, the radiating unit 500 may be integrally electroplated with the power supply network 300 on the insulating support frame 200.

[0183] Please continue reading. Figure 36In this embodiment, both the first antenna structure 20 and the second antenna structure 30 include a first sliding dielectric plate, denoted as first sliding dielectric plate 320a and first sliding dielectric plate 320b, respectively. A third insulating side plate 215 is provided on the surface of the first insulating support plate 210a facing the first sliding dielectric plate 320a. The third insulating side plate 215 extends in the same direction as the first sliding dielectric plate 320a and is located on the side of the first insulating support plate 210a away from the ground plane 110. A fourth insulating side plate 216 is provided on the surface of the first insulating support plate 210b facing the first sliding dielectric plate 320b. The fourth insulating side plate 216 extends in the same direction as the first sliding dielectric plate 320b and is located on the side of the first insulating support plate 210b away from the ground plane 110. The third insulating side plate 215 guides the first sliding dielectric plate 320a to slide along the second direction Y, and the fourth insulating side plate 216 guides the first sliding dielectric plate 320b to slide along the second direction Y.

[0184] In this embodiment, the phase shifter 330a of the first antenna structure 20 includes a first insulating support plate 210a, a phase shifting strip line 310a, a first sliding dielectric plate 320a, and a reflector 100. The phase shifter 330b of the second antenna structure 30 includes a first insulating support plate 210b, a phase shifting strip line 310b, a first sliding dielectric plate 320b, and a reflector 100. The third insulating side plate 215, the fourth insulating side plate 216, the first insulating support plate 210a, and the first insulating support plate 210b are all made of insulating material. The reference ground of the phase shifter 330a and the phase shifter 330b is the reflector 100, which is a single-sided reference ground.

[0185] Please continue reading. Figure 34 In one possible implementation, the first sliding dielectric plates 320a and 320b in the adjacent first antenna structure 20 and second antenna structure 30 are fixedly connected. They can be fixed by a fastener 325, allowing both first sliding dielectric plates 320a and 320b to be simultaneously driven by the transmission mechanism 400. The fastener 325 can be a floral structure or other shapes, depending on actual needs. Other methods for fixing the two adjacent first sliding dielectric plates 320a and 320b include welding, snap-fitting, rivets, screws, or hot riveting.

[0186] Figure 37 This application is based on Figures 30 to 36 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure of another possible embodiment is shown. Referring to Figure 37, in this embodiment, antenna 1 includes a dual-polarized antenna array, each dual-polarized antenna including a first antenna structure 20 and a second antenna structure 30, and multiple dual-polarized antennas are arranged along the third direction Z.

[0187] Figure 38 This application is based on Figures 30 to 36 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure of another possible embodiment. See Figure 38 and... Figure 39 , Figure 39 yes Figure 38 A partial enlarged view of part P shows that, in one implementation, antenna 1 further includes a fourth sliding dielectric plate 390, and the feed network 300 further includes a second side phase shifting line 312. The second side phase shifting line 312 is located on the side of the second insulating support plate 250 facing the ground plane 110, and the fourth sliding dielectric plate 390 is located between the second side phase shifting line 312 and the ground plane 110. In this embodiment, the first sliding dielectric plate 320 and the fourth sliding dielectric plate 390 are an integrated structure with an "L"-shaped cross-section. The first sliding dielectric plate 320 and the fourth sliding dielectric plate 390 jointly affect the signal of the antenna 1. The first insulating support plate 210, the phase shifting line 310, the first sliding dielectric plate 320 and the reflector 100 constitute a phase shifter 330. The second insulating support plate 250, the second side phase shifting line 312, the fourth sliding dielectric plate 390 and the ground plane 110 constitute a phase shifter 330d. The reference ground of the phase shifter 330d is also a single-sided reference ground, that is, the ground plane 110 is a single-sided reference ground of the phase shifter 330d. The phase shifter 330 and the phase shifter 330d respectively adjust the phase of the signal to adjust the radiation direction of the signal in the radiation unit 500.

[0188] It should be noted that, in Figures 30 to 36 The illustrated embodiment Figure 37 as well as Figure 38 In the embodiments shown, the antenna in each embodiment may also have protrusions and grooves, or elongated holes and pins, on the reflector 100 and the first sliding dielectric plate 320. The protrusions and grooves, or elongated holes and pins cooperate to guide the sliding of the first sliding dielectric plate 320. This will not be elaborated here, but the cooperation between the protrusions and grooves and the protrusions and grooves can be understood by referring to the previous text.

[0189] In one possible implementation, a second sliding medium plate 340 may be provided between the phase-shifting strip line 310 and the reflector plate 100, and the first sliding medium plate 320 and the second sliding medium plate 340 together affect the phase of the signal in the phase-shifting strip line 310.

[0190] Figure 40 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to another possible embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 40In one embodiment, the reflector 100 includes a reflector body 120 and a reflector side plate 130. The reflector side plate 130 is located at the edge of the reflector body 120 and intersects and connects with the reflector body 120. The insulating support frame 200, the power supply network 300, and the radiation unit 500 are located on one side of the reflector body 120 along the fourth direction W. In the first direction X, the first insulating support plate 210, the phase shifting line 310, the first sliding dielectric plate 320, and the reflector side plate 130 are arranged sequentially. In this embodiment, the first direction X is parallel to the reflector body 120 and intersects the fourth direction W perpendicularly. The phase shifter 330 of the power supply network 300 includes the first insulating support plate 210, the phase shifting line 310, the first sliding dielectric plate 320, and the reflector side plate 130. The phase shifter 330 is a single-sided reference ground.

[0191] In one possible implementation, the reflective side plate 130 and the first sliding medium plate 320 may be provided with protrusions and grooves, or with elongated holes and pins. The protrusions and grooves, or elongated holes and pins, cooperate to guide the sliding of the first sliding medium plate 320. This will not be elaborated further here, but you can refer to the previous text to understand the cooperative function of the protrusions and grooves.

[0192] In the antenna 1 of this application, on the one hand, the reflector 100 is used as the reference ground of the phase shifter 330, eliminating the need for an additional metal plate or metal cavity as the reference ground of the phase shifter 330, which simplifies the structure of the antenna 1 and saves costs; on the other hand, the reference ground of the phase shifter 330 in this application is a single-sided reference ground, with a first insulating support plate 210 on the other side of the phase shifter line 310. Compared with a phase shifter with a metal cavity shape and a double-sided reference ground, the material of the first insulating support plate 210 is lighter, which can make the antenna 1 lighter; furthermore, the first insulating support plate 210 in the insulating support frame 200 used to fix the feed network 300 can be used to limit the first sliding dielectric plate 320, ensuring the stability of the phase shifter 330, and also improving the integration of the antenna 1, realizing antenna miniaturization. The first sliding dielectric plate 320 can be provided with protrusions and grooves, elongated holes and pins with the first insulating support plate 210 and the reflector 100 to achieve a guiding function. The second sliding dielectric plate 340 can be provided with protrusions and grooves, elongated holes and pins with the first insulating support plate 210 to achieve a guiding function. The phase-shifting strip line 310 and the insulating support frame 200 are integrally formed to further simplify the structure of the antenna 1, making the antenna 1 smaller and lighter.

[0193] The antenna and base station provided in the embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and embodiments of this application. The description of the embodiments above is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in specific embodiments and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, include: Reflector; An insulating support frame, located on one side of the reflector, and including a first insulating support plate; A power supply network, located on the same side of the reflector as the insulating support frame and connected to the insulating support frame, the power supply network comprising a phase-shifting strip and a first sliding dielectric plate; wherein, In a first direction, the first insulating support plate, the phase-shifting belt, the first sliding medium plate, and the reflector are arranged in sequence, the reference ground of the phase-shifting belt is the reflector, and the first insulating support plate confines the first sliding medium between the first insulating support plate and the reflector.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating support frame further includes a first insulating side plate, which is located on the side of the first insulating support plate facing the reflector. The first insulating side plate is arranged side by side with the phase shifting belt line and both the first and second insulating side plates extend in a second direction, which intersects with the first direction.

3. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The surface of the first sliding medium plate facing the phase-shifting belt line is also provided with a receiving groove, and at least a portion of the phase-shifting belt line is located in the receiving groove.

4. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The first sliding medium plate has a first hole that penetrates through the first sliding medium plate. The first hole extends along a second direction. The surface of the first insulating support plate facing the reflector plate has a plurality of first pins arranged along the second direction. The first pins pass through the first hole and can slide relative to the first hole. The second direction intersects the first direction and is the same as the extending direction of the first sliding medium plate.

5. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The first sliding medium plate has a second hole that penetrates through the first sliding medium plate. The second hole extends along a second direction. The reflector plate has a plurality of second pins arranged along the second direction on its surface facing the first sliding medium plate. The second pins pass through the second hole and can slide relative to the second hole. The second direction intersects the first direction and is the same as the extending direction of the first sliding medium plate.

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first sliding medium plate has a first groove on its surface facing the reflector, and the reflector has a first protrusion on its surface facing the first sliding medium plate. The first groove extends in the same direction as the first sliding medium plate, and the first protrusion is located in the first groove and can slide relative to the first groove.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a second sliding dielectric plate, which is located between the first insulating support plate and the phase-shifting band line; in the first direction, the first insulating support plate, the phase-shifting band line, the first sliding dielectric plate, and the reflector are arranged in sequence, specifically: in the first direction, the first insulating support plate, the second sliding dielectric plate, the phase-shifting band line, the first sliding dielectric plate, and the reflector are arranged in sequence; The second sliding dielectric plate is connected to the first sliding dielectric plate, and the phase shifter of the power supply network includes the first insulating support plate, the second sliding dielectric plate, the phase shifting strip, the first sliding dielectric plate, and the reflector.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second sliding medium plate has a third groove on its surface facing the first insulating support plate, and the first insulating support plate has a third protrusion on its surface facing the second sliding medium plate. The third groove extends in the same direction as the second sliding medium plate, and the third protrusion is located in the third groove and can slide relative to the third groove.

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a radiating element, which is fixed to the side of the insulating support frame away from the reflector. In the first direction, the reflector, the feed network, the insulating support frame, and the radiating element are arranged in sequence.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The phase-shifting belt and the insulating support frame are an integrated structure.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The phase-shifting strip is located on the surface of the first insulating support plate facing the reflector. The phase shifter of the power supply network includes the first insulating support plate, the phase-shifting strip, the first sliding dielectric plate, and the reflector.

12. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The insulating support frame further includes a second insulating support plate, which is connected to and intersects with the first insulating support plate. The second insulating support plate is located on the side of the first insulating support plate away from the reflector. The portion of the power supply network excluding the phase-shifting line is located on the second insulating support plate.

13. A base station, characterized in that, The base station includes a radio frequency processing unit and an antenna as described in any one of claims 1-12, wherein the radio frequency processing unit is electrically connected to the antenna.

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