Tidal stratified sampling device and sampling method for tidal flats
By designing the tidal layered sampling device on the tidal flats, and using automated sampling networks and float mechanisms, the lack of research tools and sampling safety of fish nurturing farms in coastal wetlands has been solved, and safe and efficient sampling of fish plankton is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202310173704.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-02-28
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-20
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-02-28
AI Technical Summary
The research on coastal wetlands as fish conservation sites has not received enough attention. There is a lack of suitable sampling tools. The flat and gentle beach surface and rapid tides lead to safety risks for sampling personnel, making it difficult to conduct effective surveys of fish egg juvenile fish.
A tidal layered sampling device for tidal flats is designed, including the bottom, middle and top sampling networks, all with anti-escaping nets, and automated sampling is achieved through support structures and float mechanisms. It is suitable for offshore areas and can be automatically performed at high tides. Open and close to ensure the collection of fish plankton.
It realizes automated and unattended fish plankton sampling in coastal wetlands, ensuring sampling safety and efficiency, providing convenience and accuracy of stratified sampling, and reducing costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN116138224B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field, and in particular to a tidal stratified sampling device and a sampling method suitable for coastal wetlands. Background Art
[0002] Coastal wetlands (mudflat ecosystems with a water depth of less than 5 meters) are important nurseries for fish larvae and are areas of high marine productivity. The following problems are faced in conducting surveys of fish eggs, larvae, and juveniles in wetlands (nurseries) with long beaches, gentle terrain, and even mud:
[0003] 1. Due to the flat beach, fast rising tide and long beach distance, the sampling personnel had no time to evacuate, which posed a great risk to personal safety;
[0004] 2. Coastal wetlands have always been regarded as "mudflats", and only research on benthic organisms has been carried out. Their function as fish nurseries has only begun to be recognized in recent years, and research on them is still blank. Therefore, there is a lack of sampling tools for studying fish nurseries.
[0005] Coastal wetlands are areas most affected by natural and human disturbances. The transport of nutrients and sediments in nature and ocean tides, human engineering reclamation and aquaculture, land-based pollutants, and fishing activities all affect coastal wetland ecosystems, making it very necessary to study them. Summary of the invention
[0006] The purpose of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of the prior art in lacking sampling tools suitable for coastal wetlands, and to provide a tidal stratified sampling device and a sampling method suitable for coastal wetlands.
[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
[0008] A tidal stratified sampling device for a mudflat comprises a bottom sampling net, a middle sampling net and a top sampling net, wherein the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net are all in a cone shape, and an anti-escape net is arranged in the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net; the anti-escape net is in a cone shape, and the anti-escape net is provided with a front opening and a rear opening, and the size of the front opening is larger than the size of the rear opening; the openings of the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net are all in a rectangular shape, and the openings of the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net are all connected to the front opening of the corresponding anti-escape net;
[0009] A lower supporting structure is provided between the upper edge of the opening of the bottom sampling net and the lower edge of the opening of the middle sampling net, and an upper supporting structure is provided between the upper edge of the opening of the middle sampling net and the lower edge of the opening of the top sampling net; a rigid lower stop rod is provided on the lower edge of the opening of the bottom sampling net, two positioning anchor hooks are provided on the rigid lower stop rod, and heavy hammers are provided at both ends of the rigid lower stop rod.
[0010] The bottom sampling net is used to collect fish plankton (eggs, larvae and juveniles) from the bottom layer. As the water level of the tide continues to rise, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net are opened in turn. The middle sampling net is used to collect fish plankton from the middle layer, and the top sampling net is used to collect fish plankton from the upper layer. The three-layer net is set up to facilitate the investigation of changes in the composition of fish plankton in different water layers. Facts have proved that there are indeed obvious differences between the upper, middle and lower layers.
[0011] The present invention is suitable for tidal flats far from the shore where on-site sampling is impossible; it can realize automatic sampling without the need for personnel to be present.
[0012] Preferably, the upper supporting structure and the lower supporting structure have the same structure, the lower supporting structure comprises a left telescopic sleeve and a right telescopic sleeve, and both the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve are provided with an adjustable height limit rope; the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve both comprise a bottom tube, a middle tube and an upper tube with gradually decreasing diameters, the upper end of the bottom tube is provided with a bottom annular cover plate, the lower end of the middle tube is provided with a middle circular baffle, and the middle circular baffle is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bottom tube; the upper end of the middle tube is provided with a middle annular cover plate, the lower end of the upper tube is provided with an upper circular baffle, and the upper circular baffle is slidably connected to the inner wall of the middle tube; the upper and lower ends of the adjustable height limit rope are fixedly connected to the top end of the upper tube and the lower end of the bottom tube respectively.
[0013] The adjustable height limit rope is used to limit the extension length of the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve. The left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve can be extended and retracted within the elastic range of the adjustable height limit rope, thereby adjusting the distance between the two layers of sampling nets. According to different sampling requirements, the staff can pre-set adjustable height limit ropes of different lengths to limit the distance between adjacent sampling nets; the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve have a certain rigidity, so that the adjacent sampling nets maintain a stable up and down arrangement, thereby ensuring good survey results.
[0014] Preferably, a rigid upper gear rod is provided on the upper edge of the opening of the bottom sampling net, and both ends of the rigid upper gear rod are fixedly connected to the lower ends of the bottom tube of the left telescopic sleeve and the lower ends of the bottom tube of the right telescopic sleeve respectively, and two upper gear floats are provided on the rigid upper gear rod.
[0015] Preferably, a rigid extended lower stop rod is provided on the lower edge of the opening of the middle layer sampling net, and the rigid extended lower stop rod is fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper tube of the left telescopic sleeve and the upper end of the upper tube of the right telescopic sleeve respectively, and both ends of the rigid extended lower stop rod are provided with a suspended layer lower stop float.
[0016] Preferably, a rigid middle-range rod is provided on the upper edge of the opening of the middle-layer sampling net, and two upper-range floats of the suspended layer are provided on the rigid middle-range rod. The two ends of the rigid middle-range rod are respectively fixedly connected to the lower end of the bottom tube of the left telescopic sleeve of the upper supporting structure and the lower end of the bottom tube of the right telescopic sleeve of the upper supporting structure.
[0017] Preferably, a rigid extended upper stop rod and a rigid upper stop rod are respectively provided on the lower edge and upper edge of the opening of the top sampling net. The rigid extended upper stop rod is respectively fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper tube of the left telescopic sleeve of the upper supporting structure and the upper end of the upper tube of the right telescopic sleeve of the upper supporting structure. Top-layer floats are provided at both ends of the rigid extended upper stop rod; two top-layer auxiliary floats are provided on the rigid upper stop rod.
[0018] The upper supporting structure and the lower supporting structure are set so that the distance between adjacent sampling nets can be automatically adjusted within a certain range. Two upper buoys, two lower buoys of the suspended layer, two upper buoys of the suspended layer, two top buoys and two top auxiliary buoys provide upward buoyancy, so that each layer of the sampling net can be opened in sequence from bottom to top, which is convenient for layered sampling of fish plankton in the water.
[0019] A sampling method for a tidal flat stratified sampling device comprises the following steps:
[0020] Step 1: Before high tide, place the tidal flat stratified sampling device at the sampling point of the tidal flat of the coastal wetland, and use two positioning anchor hooks to fix the rigid lower bar to the seabed, so that the openings of the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net face the direction of the high tide; at this time, the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net are all in a closed state;
[0021] Step 2, when the tide rises to the sampling point, under the action of two positioning anchor hooks and two weights, the rigid lower lever is still attached to the seabed. As the water level continues to rise, the two upper floats drive the rigid upper lever to move upward to open the opening of the bottom sampling net;
[0022] Step 3: The tide level continues to rise, the two floating balls at the lower level of the suspension layer drive the rigid extended lower level rod to move upward, and the two floating balls at the upper level of the suspension layer drive the rigid middle level rod to move upward, so as to open the middle-layer sampling net; the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve of the lower supporting structure gradually extend, and the distance between the middle-layer sampling net and the bottom-layer sampling net is automatically adjusted within the telescopic range of the two adjustable height-limiting ropes of the lower supporting structure;
[0023] Step 4: As the tide level rises further, the two top-layer floats drive the rigid extended upper lever to rise, and the two top-layer auxiliary floats drive the rigid upper lever to rise, opening the top-layer sampling net; the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve of the upper support structure gradually extend, and the distance between the top-layer sampling net and the middle-layer sampling net is automatically adjusted within the telescopic range of the two adjustable height-limiting ropes of the upper support structure;
[0024] Step 5. Driven by the tide, the fish plankton in the water automatically enters the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net or the top sampling net according to their different heights; when the tide gradually recedes, the top sampling net, the middle sampling net and the bottom sampling net are closed in turn. Since the rear end opening size of the escape net is small and the corresponding sampling net is closed, the sampled fish plankton is not easy to leave through the rear end opening of the escape net. The sampled fish plankton is left in the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net. The staff separates the two positioning anchor hooks from the seabed, retracts the tidal flat stratified sampling device, and the sampling is completed.
[0025] Therefore, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: it is suitable for tidal stratified sampling on the mudflats of coastal wetlands, is easy to carry and collect, can automatically prevent the sampled fish plankton from escaping, has adjustable stratification positions, and has low costs; it is suitable for mudflats far offshore where on-site sampling is impossible; it can realize automated sampling without the need for personnel to be present. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the left telescopic sleeve of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0029] like Figure 1-Figure 2 The embodiment shown is a tidal stratified sampling device for mudflats, comprising a bottom sampling net 1, a middle sampling net 2 and a top sampling net 3, wherein the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net are all conical, and anti-escape nets 10 are provided in the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net; the anti-escape net is in a cone shape, and the anti-escape net is provided with a front opening and a rear opening, and the size of the front opening is larger than the size of the rear opening; the openings of the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net are all rectangular, and the openings of the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net are all connected to the front opening of the corresponding anti-escape net;
[0030] A lower supporting structure 4 is provided between the upper edge of the opening of the bottom sampling net and the lower edge of the opening of the middle sampling net, and an upper supporting structure 5 is provided between the upper edge of the opening of the middle sampling net and the lower edge of the opening of the top sampling net; a rigid lower gear rod 11 is provided on the lower edge of the opening of the bottom sampling net, two positioning anchor hooks 12 are provided on the rigid lower gear rod, and heavy hammers 13 are provided at both ends of the rigid lower gear rod.
[0031] The structures of the upper supporting structure and the lower supporting structure are the same. The lower supporting structure includes a left telescopic sleeve 41 and a right telescopic sleeve 42, and an adjustable height limit rope 43 is provided in the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve; the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve include a bottom tube 411, a middle tube 412 and an upper tube 413 with gradually decreasing diameters, the upper end of the bottom tube is provided with a bottom annular cover plate 4111, and the lower end of the middle tube is provided with a middle circular baffle 4121, and the middle circular baffle is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bottom tube; the upper end of the middle tube is provided with a middle annular cover plate 4122, and the lower end of the upper tube is provided with an upper circular baffle 4131, and the upper circular baffle is slidably connected to the inner wall of the middle tube; the upper and lower ends of the adjustable height limit rope are fixedly connected to the top end of the upper tube and the lower end of the bottom tube respectively. The bottom tube, the middle tube and the upper tube are all made of stainless steel and coated with anti-rust material, so that the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve have a certain rigidity after being stretched out, providing a certain rigid support for the sampling net of the adjacent layer.
[0032] A rigid upper lever 14 is provided on the upper edge of the opening of the bottom sampling net, and two ends of the rigid upper lever are fixedly connected to the lower ends of the bottom tubes of the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve, respectively. Two upper floats 141 are provided on the rigid upper lever.
[0033] A rigid extended lower stop rod 21 is provided on the lower edge of the opening of the middle layer sampling net, and the rigid extended lower stop rod is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the upper tubes of the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve respectively, and both ends of the rigid extended lower stop rod are provided with suspended layer lower stop floats 211.
[0034] A rigid middle-range rod 23 is provided on the upper edge of the opening of the middle-layer sampling net, and two upper-range floating balls 231 of the suspended layer are provided on the rigid middle-range rod. The two ends of the rigid middle-range rod are respectively fixedly connected to the lower ends of the bottom tubes of the left telescopic sleeve of the upper supporting structure and the right telescopic sleeve of the upper supporting structure.
[0035] A rigid extended upper stop rod 31 and a rigid upper stop rod 32 are respectively provided on the lower edge and upper edge of the opening of the top sampling net. The rigid extended upper stop rod is respectively fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper tube of the left telescopic sleeve of the upper supporting structure and the upper end of the upper tube of the right telescopic sleeve of the upper supporting structure. Both ends of the rigid extended upper stop rod are provided with a top-layer float 311; two top-layer auxiliary floats 321 are provided on the rigid upper stop rod.
[0036] A sampling method for a tidal flat stratified sampling device comprises the following steps:
[0037] Step 1: before high tide, after all the water on the mudflats has receded, place the mudflat tidal stratified sampling device at the sampling point of the mudflats of the coastal wetland, and use two positioning anchor hooks to fix the rigid lower gear rod to the seabed, so that the openings of the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net face the direction of the high tide; at this time, the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net are all in a closed state;
[0038] Step 2, when the tide rises to the sampling point, under the action of two positioning anchor hooks and two weights, the rigid lower lever is still attached to the seabed. As the water level continues to rise, the two upper floats drive the rigid upper lever to move upward to open the opening of the bottom sampling net;
[0039] Step 3: The tide level continues to rise, the two floating balls at the lower level of the suspension layer drive the rigid extended lower level rod to move upward, and the two floating balls at the upper level of the suspension layer drive the rigid middle level rod to move upward, so as to open the middle-layer sampling net; the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve of the lower supporting structure gradually extend, and the distance between the middle-layer sampling net and the bottom-layer sampling net is automatically adjusted within the telescopic range of the two adjustable height-limiting ropes of the lower supporting structure;
[0040] Step 4: As the tide level rises further, the two top-layer floats drive the rigid extended upper lever to rise, and the two top-layer auxiliary floats drive the rigid upper lever to rise, opening the top-layer sampling net; the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve of the upper support structure gradually extend, and the distance between the top-layer sampling net and the middle-layer sampling net is automatically adjusted within the telescopic range of the two adjustable height-limiting ropes of the upper support structure;
[0041] Step 5, driven by the tide, the fish plankton in the water automatically enters the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net or the top sampling net according to their different heights; when the tide gradually recedes, the top sampling net, the middle sampling net and the bottom sampling net are closed in turn. Since the rear end opening size of the escape net is small and the corresponding sampling net is closed, the sampled fish plankton is not easy to leave through the rear end opening of the escape net. The sampled fish plankton is left in the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net. After the water on the mudflat has receded, the staff separates the two positioning anchor hooks from the seabed, retracts the mudflat tidal stratified sampling device, and the sampling is completed.
[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A sampling method for a tidal flat stratified sampling device, characterized in that: The tidal flat stratified sampling device comprises a bottom sampling net (1), a middle sampling net (2) and a top sampling net (3), the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net are all in a cone shape, and an escape prevention net (10) is provided in the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net; the escape prevention net is in a cone shape, and the escape prevention net is provided with a front opening and a rear opening, and the size of the front opening is larger than the size of the rear opening; the openings of the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net are all in a rectangular shape, and the openings of the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net are all connected to the front opening of the corresponding escape prevention net; a lower support structure (4) is provided between the upper edge of the opening of the bottom sampling net and the lower edge of the opening of the middle sampling net, and the upper edge of the opening of the middle sampling net and the upper edge of the opening of the top sampling net are connected to the upper edge of the opening of the middle sampling net. An upper support structure (5) is provided between the lower edges of the openings of the bottom sampling net; a rigid lower stop rod (11) is provided on the lower edge of the opening of the bottom sampling net, two positioning anchor hooks (12) are provided on the rigid lower stop rod, and weights (13) are provided at both ends of the rigid lower stop rod; the upper support structure and the lower support structure have the same structure, the lower support structure comprises a left telescopic sleeve (41) and a right telescopic sleeve (42), and an adjustable height limiting rope (43) is provided in the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve; the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve each comprise a bottom tube (411) with a gradually decreasing diameter, a middle tube (412) and an upper tube (413), the upper end of the bottom tube is provided with a bottom annular cover plate (4111), the lower end of the middle tube is provided with a middle circular baffle (4121), and the middle circular baffle and the inner side wall of the bottom tube are connected. Sliding connection; a middle annular cover plate (4122) is provided at the upper end of the middle tube, an upper circular baffle (4131) is provided at the lower end of the upper tube, and the upper circular baffle is slidably connected to the inner side wall of the middle tube; the upper and lower ends of the adjustable height limit rope are fixedly connected to the top end of the upper tube and the lower end of the bottom tube respectively; a rigid upper stop rod (14) is provided on the upper edge of the opening of the bottom sampling net, and the two ends of the rigid upper stop rod are respectively fixedly connected to the lower end of the bottom tube of the left telescopic sleeve and the lower end of the bottom tube of the right telescopic sleeve, and two upper stop floats (141) are provided on the rigid upper stop rod; a rigid extended lower stop rod (21) is provided on the lower edge of the opening of the middle sampling net, and the rigid extended lower stop rod is respectively fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper tube of the left telescopic sleeve and the upper end of the upper tube of the right telescopic sleeve, and both ends of the rigid extended lower stop rod are provided with a suspended layer lower stop rod A rigid middle-stage rod (23) is provided on the upper edge of the opening of the middle-layer sampling net, and two suspended-layer upper-stage rods (231) are provided on the rigid middle-stage rod, and the two ends of the rigid middle-stage rod are respectively fixedly connected to the lower end of the bottom tube of the left telescopic sleeve of the upper support structure and the lower end of the bottom tube of the right telescopic sleeve of the upper support structure; a rigid extended upper-stage rod (31) and a rigid upper-stage rod (32) are respectively provided on the lower edge and upper edge of the opening of the top-layer sampling net, and the rigid extended upper-stage rod is respectively fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper tube of the left telescopic sleeve of the upper support structure and the upper end of the upper tube of the right telescopic sleeve of the upper support structure, and both ends of the rigid extended upper-stage rod are provided with top-layer rods (311); the rigid upper-stage rod is provided with two top-layer auxiliary rods (321); the sampling method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Before high tide, place the tidal flat stratified sampling device at the sampling point of the tidal flat of the coastal wetland, and use two positioning anchor hooks to fix the rigid lower bar to the seabed, so that the openings of the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net face the direction of the high tide; at this time, the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net are all in a closed state; Step 2, when the tide rises to the sampling point, under the action of two positioning anchor hooks and two weights, the rigid lower lever is still attached to the seabed. As the water level continues to rise, the two upper floats drive the rigid upper lever to move upward to open the opening of the bottom sampling net; Step 3: The tide level continues to rise, the two floating balls at the lower level of the suspension layer drive the rigid extended lower level rod to move upward, and the two floating balls at the upper level of the suspension layer drive the rigid middle level rod to move upward, so as to open the middle-layer sampling net; the left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve of the lower supporting structure gradually extend, and the distance between the middle-layer sampling net and the bottom-layer sampling net is automatically adjusted within the telescopic range of the two adjustable height-limiting ropes of the lower supporting structure; Step 4: The tidal water level rises further, the two top-layer floats drive the rigid extended upper lever to rise, and the two top-layer auxiliary floats drive the rigid upper lever to rise, and the top-layer sampling net is opened; The left telescopic sleeve and the right telescopic sleeve of the upper supporting structure are gradually extended, and the distance between the top layer sampling net and the middle layer sampling net is automatically adjusted within the telescopic range of the two adjustable height-limiting ropes of the upper supporting structure; Step 5. Driven by the tide, the fish plankton in the water automatically enters the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net or the top sampling net according to their different heights; when the tide gradually recedes, the top sampling net, the middle sampling net and the bottom sampling net are closed in turn. Since the rear end opening size of the escape net is small and the corresponding sampling net is closed, the sampled fish plankton is not easy to leave through the rear end opening of the escape net. The sampled fish plankton is left in the bottom sampling net, the middle sampling net and the top sampling net. The staff separates the two positioning anchor hooks from the seabed, retracts the tidal flat stratified sampling device, and the sampling is completed.