One-sided welding full penetration fillet welding method by laser hybrid welding

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for full penetration fillet welding by laser hybrid welding on one side, which relates to the field of ship welding technology and comprises the following steps: An arc welding torch and a laser welding torch are arranged on the same side of a first plate, and the welding head of the arc welding torch is inclined and faces the joint of the first plate and the second plate; The welding laser beam of the laser welding torch is obliquely projected onto the joint of the first plate and the second plate; The arc welding torch and the laser welding torch are turned on, and the arc welding torch and the laser welding torch are translated along the joint of the first plate and the second plate to perform full penetration fillet welding on the joint of the first plate and the second plate; The welded weld seam is polished and cleaned. The present invention can meet the forming requirements of one-sided weld seams; Furthermore, it facilitates equipment configuration, and significantly improves the weld seams with structural limitations on one side of welding and reduces the cost of welding materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ship welding technology, and particularly to a method for one-sided full penetration fillet welding by laser hybrid welding. Background Art

[0002] At present, high-power laser hybrid welding is less used in the shipbuilding industry for large-span hull structures. Generally, double-sided welding is used to achieve full penetration or deep penetration welding of fillet welds such as flat bars and T-bars. Double-sided welding cannot be used in some places with limited structure. At the same time, one-sided welding can be configured with fewer welding equipment and less investment cost. However, the technical difficulty of one-sided fillet welding is high, especially the forming of the weld on the other side during one-sided welding is very difficult. At the same time, the heat source is reduced from two heat sources in double-sided welding to one heat source in one-sided welding, and the reduction of heat input is likely to cause the hardness value of the weld to be too high. Therefore, a new technology and method are needed to achieve one-sided full penetration fillet welding. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect that the forming of the one-sided weld is difficult during ship welding in the prior art, and to provide a method for one-sided full penetration fillet welding by laser hybrid welding.

[0004] The present invention solves the above technical problem by the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a method for one-sided full penetration fillet welding by laser hybrid welding for fillet welding of metal components of a ship. The metal components include a first plate and a second plate, and the first plate is vertically arranged on the plate surface of the second plate. The method includes the following steps:

[0006] An arc welding torch and a laser welding torch are arranged on the same side of the first plate. The welding head of the arc welding torch is inclined and faces the joint of the first plate and the second plate; the welding laser beam of the laser welding torch is inclined and shoots towards the joint of the first plate and the second plate, and along the welding direction of the first plate and the second plate, the welding laser beam is located in front of the arc welding torch.

[0007] Wherein, in a plane perpendicular to the plate surfaces of both the first plate and the second plate, the central axis of the orthographic projection of the welding head of the arc welding torch forms an angle γB of 45° to 50° with the first plate; the orthographic projection of the welding laser beam of the laser welding torch forms an angle γL of 75° to 80° with the first plate.

[0008] In a plane parallel to the plate surface of the first plate, the central axis of the orthographic projection of the welding head of the arc welding torch forms an angle βB of 30° to 35° with a straight line perpendicular to the plate surface of the second plate, and the angle between the welding laser beam of the laser welding torch and a straight line perpendicular to the plate surface of the second plate is 0°.

[0009] Turn on the arc welding torch and the laser welding torch, and translate the arc welding torch and the laser welding torch along the joint of the first plate and the second plate to perform full penetration fillet welding on the joint of the first plate and the second plate;

[0010] Grind and clean the welded seam.

[0011] In this solution, when welding the first plate and the second plate of the ship metal component, full penetration fillet welding is carried out on the same side of the first plate by using an arc welding torch and a laser welding torch, avoiding the situation where double-sided welding cannot be implemented due to insufficient space. At the same time, through the interaction between the two heat sources of the arc welding torch and the laser welding torch, it is ensured that the heat is sufficient for welding, avoiding excessive hardness of the welded seam caused by too little heat input, and the welding speed is fast. By limiting the angle between the welding head of the arc welding torch and the welding laser beam of the laser welding torch, the arc welding torch and the laser welding torch do not interfere with each other, and the two can perform welding synchronously; thus, only welding torches are arranged on one side, which is convenient for equipment configuration and significantly improves the welding of seams with structural limitations on one side and reduces the cost of welding materials.

[0012] Preferably, on the plane perpendicular to the plate surface of the first plate and the plate surface of the second plate at the same time, the distance an between the welding spot of the welding laser beam of the laser welding torch and the welding spot of the arc welding torch in the direction parallel to the second plate is 0.3 - 1 mm, and on the plane parallel to the plate surface of the first plate, the distance at between the welding spot of the welding laser beam of the laser welding torch and the welding spot of the arc welding torch in the direction parallel to the second plate is 3 - 4 mm.

[0013] In this solution, by keeping an at 0.3 - 1 mm and at at 3 - 4 mm, the welding spots of the laser welding torch and the arc welding torch are staggered, avoiding excessive heat concentration at one point or excessive heat dispersion, and ensuring the welding quality.

[0014] Preferably, the welding laser beam of the laser welding torch is a continuous laser with a power of 6.6 KW, a laser focal length of 300 mm, a spot diameter of 0.45 mm, and a defocus amount of 2 - 2.5 mm.

[0015] In this solution, the parameters of the laser welding torch directly affect the quality of the welding formation; through experimental verification, when the parameters of the laser welding torch are selected as the above values, the qualified rate of the first forming of the first plate and the second plate is high, which is beneficial to the improvement of the product quality.

[0016] Preferably, along the direction perpendicular to the plate surface of the second plate, the vertical distance ΔZB from the welding head of the arc welding torch to the plate surface of the second plate is 8 - 10 mm.

[0017] In this solution, the distance between the arc welding torch and the second plate is limited to 8 - 10 mm, so that the distance between the arc welding torch and the second plate is appropriate, ensuring that the welding spot of the arc welding torch is located at the joint of the first plate and the second plate.

[0018] Preferably, before starting the arc welding torch and the laser welding torch for welding, a welding wire is placed at the joint of the first plate and the second plate.

[0019] In this solution, a welding wire is set during welding. By using the welding wire as a filler metal, the weld formation is good and the welding strength is relatively high.

[0020] Preferably, the wire feeding speed of the welding wire is 10 - 11 m / min; the welding current of the arc welding torch is 365 - 375 A, the welding voltage of the arc welding torch is 17 - 19 V, and the arc dry elongation Lk during the welding of the arc welding torch is 15 - 18 mm.

[0021] In this solution, the wire feeding speed is controlled at 10 - 11 m / min to meet the welding requirements; the current of the arc welding torch is 365 - 375 A, the voltage is 17 - 19 V, and the arc dry elongation Lk is 15 - 18 mm. The parameter control of the above-mentioned arc welding torch enables the arc welding torch to meet the welding power while ensuring the weld quality.

[0022] Preferably, when translating the arc welding torch and the laser welding torch, the welding laser beam of the laser welding torch moves in front of the welding wire, and the distance between the light and the wire is 3 - 4 mm.

[0023] Preferably, on the same side of the first plate where the arc welding torch and the laser welding torch are provided, a laser guiding device is also configured, and the guiding laser of the laser guiding device guides the weld position.

[0024] In this solution, guiding the weld by laser can improve the welding accuracy.

[0025] Preferably, a mixed protective gas of Ar and CO2 is used during welding, where the Ar content is 83% - 87% and the CO2 content is 13% - 17%, and the gas flow rate is maintained at 35 - 50 L / min.

[0026] In this solution, by setting the protective gas and restricting the above gas parameters to meet the protection requirements of laser - arc hybrid welding, the welding is made safer and more reliable.

[0027] Preferably, electromagnetic induction preheating is used below the second plate.

[0028] In this solution, electromagnetic induction preheating is used below the second plate, which has the advantages of fast heating and low energy consumption. After preheating, the welding stress of the second plate and the cooling rate after welding are reduced, avoiding cracks after welding.

[0029] The positive and progressive effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] The present invention uses an arc welding torch and a laser welding torch to perform full-penetration fillet welding on the same side of the first plate, avoiding the situation where double-sided welding cannot be implemented due to insufficient space. At the same time, through the interaction between the two heat sources of the arc welding torch and the laser welding torch, it is ensured that the heat is sufficient for welding, avoiding excessive hardness of the weld due to too little heat input. The welding speed is fast. By limiting parameters such as the angle, power, and distance between the welding head of the arc welding torch and the welding laser beam of the laser welding torch, the arc welding torch and the laser welding torch do not interfere with each other, achieving the effect of double-sided forming with single-sided welding. Each parameter is coordinated with each other to meet the requirements of single-sided weld forming; furthermore, it facilitates equipment configuration and significantly improves the welding of welds with structural limitations on one side and reduces the cost of welding materials. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic projection diagram of the arc welding torch and the welding laser beam on a plane perpendicular to the plate surface of the first plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic projection diagram of the arc welding torch and the welding laser beam on a plane parallel to the plate surface of the first plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Description of the Reference Numerals:

[0034] First plate 100

[0035] Second plate 200

[0036] Arc welding torch 300

[0037] Welding laser beam 400 Detailed Embodiments

[0038] The present invention will be further described below by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the examples.

[0039] This embodiment discloses a method for full-penetration fillet welding with single-sided laser hybrid welding, which is used for fillet welding of metal components of ships. The metal components include a first plate 100 and a second plate 200, and the first plate 100 is vertically arranged on the plate surface of the second plate 200.

[0040] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , in this embodiment, specifically taking the first plate 100 as an 8-mm flat steel as an example, in other embodiments, the first plate 100 can also be steel of other sizes and specifications. The method for full-penetration fillet welding with single-sided laser hybrid welding includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. Clean the first plate 100 and the second plate 200 before welding.

[0042] S2. Arrange an arc welding gun 300, a laser welding gun and a laser guiding device on the same side of the first plate 100. The welding head of the arc welding gun 300 is inclined and faces the joint between the first plate 100 and the second plate 200; the welding laser beam 400 of the laser welding gun is obliquely projected onto the joint between the first plate 100 and the second plate 200, and along the welding direction of the first plate 100 and the second plate 200 (i.e., Figure 2 the negative direction of the X-axis in the figure), and the welding laser beam 400 is located in front of the arc welding gun 300.

[0043] Full penetration fillet welding is carried out on the same side of the first plate 100 by using the arc welding gun 300 and the laser welding gun, which avoids the situation where double-sided welding cannot be implemented due to insufficient space. At the same time, through the interaction between the two heat sources of the arc welding gun 300 and the laser welding gun, it is ensured that the heat is sufficient for welding, avoiding excessive hardness of the weld due to too little heat input, and the welding speed is fast.

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment, the spatial position parameters of the arc welding gun 300 and the laser welding gun are as follows:

[0045] On the plane perpendicular to the plate surface of the first plate 100 and the plate surface of the second plate 200 at the same time (i.e., Figure 1 the plane where the Z-axis and the Y-axis are located in the figure), the central axis of the positive projection of the welding head of the arc welding gun 300 forms an angle γB of 45° - 50° with the first plate 100. The positive projection of the welding laser beam 400 of the laser welding gun forms an angle γL of 75° - 80° with the first plate 100; on the plane parallel to the plate surface of the first plate 100 (i.e., Figure 2 the plane where the X-axis and the Z-axis are located in the figure), the central axis of the projection of the welding head of the arc welding gun 300 forms an angle βB of 30° - 35° with the straight line perpendicular to the plate surface of the second plate 200, and the welding laser beam 400 of the laser welding gun forms an angle of 0° with the straight line perpendicular to the plate surface of the second plate 200.

[0046] Specifically, in this embodiment, γB is 47°, γL is 78°, and βB is 33°.

[0047] By limiting the angles of the welding head of the arc welding gun 300 and the welding laser beam 400 of the laser welding gun, the arc welding gun 300 and the laser welding gun do not interfere with each other, and the two can perform welding synchronously; thus, arranging the welding guns only on one side facilitates equipment configuration and significantly improves the welding of welds with structural limitations on one side and reduces the cost of welding materials.

[0048] On a plane perpendicular to the plate surfaces of the first plate 100 and the second plate 200 simultaneously, the distance an between the welding points of the welding laser beam 400 of the laser welding torch and the welding points of the arc welding torch 300 in the direction parallel to the second plate 200 (i.e., Figure 1 in the Y direction in Figure 2 ) is 0.3 to 1 mm. On a plane parallel to the plate surface of the first plate 100, the distance at between the welding points of the welding laser beam 400 of the laser welding torch and the welding points of the arc welding torch 300 in the direction parallel to the second plate 200 (i.e.,

[0049] in the X direction in

[0050] ) is 3 to 4 mm, that is, along the welding direction of the first plate 100 and the second plate 200, the welding laser beam 400 is located 0.3 to 1 mm in front of the arc welding torch 300. This makes the welding points of the laser welding torch and the welding points of the arc welding torch 300 staggered, avoiding excessive heat concentration at one point or excessive heat dispersion, and ensuring the welding quality.

[0051] In the direction perpendicular to the plate surface of the second plate 200, the perpendicular distance ΔZB from the welding head of the arc welding torch 300 to the plate surface of the second plate 200 is 8 to 10 mm, making the distance between the arc welding torch 300 and the second plate 200 appropriate and ensuring that the welding points of the arc welding torch 300 are located at the joint of the first plate 100 and the second plate 200.

[0052] In this embodiment, an is 0.5 mm and at is 3.5 mm.

[0053] The parameters of the arc welding torch 300 are:

[0054] The current of the arc welding torch 300 is 365 to 375 A, the voltage is 17 to 19 V, and the arc dry elongation Lk is 15 to 18 mm. The control of the above parameters of the arc welding torch 300 enables the arc welding torch 300 to ensure the weld quality while meeting the welding power.

[0055] The parameters of the laser welding torch are:

[0056] The welding laser beam 400 of the laser welding torch is a continuous laser with a power of 6.6 KW, a laser focal length of 300 mm, a spot diameter of 0.45 mm, and a defocus amount of 2 to 2.5 mm.

[0057] S3. Electromagnetic induction preheating is adopted below the second plate 200.

[0057] Below the second plate 200, electromagnetic induction preheating is adopted, which has the advantages of fast heating and low energy consumption. After preheating, the welding stress of the second plate 200 and the cooling rate after welding are reduced, avoiding cracks after welding. In this embodiment, the preheating power needs to reach 30KW.

[0058] S4. Turn on the arc welding torch 300 and the laser welding torch, and translate the arc welding torch 300 and the laser welding torch along the joint of the first plate 100 and the second plate 200 to perform full penetration fillet welding on the joint of the first plate 100 and the second plate 200.

[0059] During the welding process, a mixed shielding gas of Ar and CO2 is used, where the Ar content is 83%-87% and the CO2 content is 13%-17%, and the gas flow rate is maintained at 35-50L / min. By setting the shielding gas and restricting the above gas parameters to adapt to the shielding requirements of laser-arc hybrid welding, the welding is made safer and more reliable.

[0060] Before turning on the arc welding torch 300 and the laser welding torch for welding, a welding wire is placed at the joint of the first plate 100 and the second plate 200. By using the welding wire as the filler metal, the weld formation is good and the welding strength is better.

[0061] Among them, the wire feeding speed of the welding wire is 10-11 meters per minute to meet the welding requirements;

[0062] When translating the arc welding torch 300 and the laser welding torch, the welding laser beam 400 of the laser welding torch moves in front of the welding wire, and the distance between the light and the wire is 3-4mm, and the welding speed is 1.7-1.9m / min.

[0063] The guiding laser of the laser guiding device guides the weld position. By guiding the weld with the laser, the welding accuracy can be improved.

[0064] S5. Grind and clean the weld after welding.

[0065] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that this is only an example. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments, but these changes and modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for full penetration fillet welding by one - side laser hybrid welding, used for fillet welding of metal components of ships. The metal components include a first plate and a second plate, and the first plate is vertically arranged on the plate surface of the second plate. Characterized in that: It includes the following steps: An arc welding gun and a laser welding gun are arranged on the same side of the first plate. The welding head of the arc welding gun is inclined and faces the joint of the first plate and the second plate; the welding laser beam of the laser welding gun is inclined and shoots towards the joint of the first plate and the second plate, and along the welding direction of the first plate and the second plate, the welding laser beam is located in front of the arc welding gun. Wherein, in a plane perpendicular to the plate surfaces of both the first plate and the second plate, the central axis of the orthographic projection of the welding head of the arc welding gun forms an angle γB of 45° - 50° with the first plate; the orthographic projection of the welding laser beam of the laser welding gun forms an angle γL of 75° - 80° with the first plate. In a plane parallel to the plate surface of the first plate, the central axis of the orthographic projection of the welding head of the arc welding gun forms an angle βB of 30° - 35° with a straight line perpendicular to the plate surface of the second plate, and the angle between the welding laser beam of the laser welding gun and a straight line perpendicular to the plate surface of the second plate is 0°. Turn on the arc welding gun and the laser welding gun, and translate the arc welding gun and the laser welding gun along the joint of the first plate and the second plate to perform full penetration fillet welding on the joint of the first plate and the second plate. Grind and clean the welded seam. In a plane perpendicular to the plate surfaces of both the first plate and the second plate, the distance an between the welding point of the welding laser beam of the laser welding gun and the welding point of the arc welding gun in the direction parallel to the second plate is 0.3 - 1 mm, and in a plane parallel to the plate surface of the first plate, the distance at between the welding point of the welding laser beam of the laser welding gun and the welding point of the arc welding gun in the direction parallel to the second plate is 3 - 4 mm.

2. The method for full penetration fillet welding by one - side laser hybrid welding according to claim 1, Characterized in that: The welding laser beam of the laser welding gun is a continuous laser with a power of 6.6 KW, a laser focal length of 300 mm, a spot diameter of 0.45 mm, and a defocus amount of 2 - 2.5 mm.

3. The method for full penetration fillet welding by one - side laser hybrid welding according to claim 1, Characterized in that: The vertical distance ΔZB from the welding head of the arc welding gun to the plate surface of the second plate is 8 - 10 mm.

4. The method for full penetration fillet welding by one - side laser hybrid welding according to claim 1, Characterized in that: Before turning on the arc welding gun and the laser welding gun for welding, a welding wire is placed at the joint of the first plate and the second plate.

5. The method for full penetration fillet welding by one - side laser hybrid welding according to claim 4, Characterized in that: The wire feeding speed of the welding wire is 10 - 11 m / min; the welding current of the arc welding gun is 365 - 375 A, the welding voltage of the arc welding gun is 17 - 19 V, and the arc dry elongation Lk during the welding of the arc welding gun is 15 - 18 mm.

6. The method for single-sided laser hybrid welding full-penetration fillet welding as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that when translating the arc welding torch and the laser welding torch, the welding laser beam of the laser welding torch moves in front of the welding wire, and the distance between the light and the wire is 3-4 mm.

7. The method for single-sided laser hybrid welding full-penetration fillet welding as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a laser guiding device is further arranged on the same side of the first plate where the arc welding torch and the laser welding torch are arranged, and the guiding laser of the laser guiding device guides the weld position.

8. The method for single-sided laser hybrid welding full-penetration fillet welding as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a mixed protective gas of Ar and CO2 is used during welding, wherein the Ar content is 83%-87% and the CO2 content is 13%-17%, and the gas flow rate is kept at 35-50 L / min.

9. The method for single-sided laser hybrid welding full-penetration fillet welding as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that electromagnetic induction preheating is adopted under the second plate.

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