A method and tooling for processing a dome-shaped observation window glass

Abstract

This application relates to a processing method and tooling for a dome-shaped observation window glass in the field of manned submersibles. The processing method includes: adsorbing and fixing the observation window blank onto an inner surface processing fixture, and performing positioning reference steps and rough milling of the inner surface; performing fine machining on the rough-milled inner surface; flipping the observation window blank and adsorbing and fixing it onto an outer surface processing fixture, and sequentially performing rough machining and fine machining on the outer surface of the observation window blank; sequentially performing rough machining, semi-finishing machining, and fine machining on the edge structure of the observation window blank; and sequentially reciprocatingly grinding the surface of the observation window blank with sandpaper of progressively finer texture, followed by polishing with polishing liquid to obtain the observation window glass. This application reduces the surface stress of the processed dome-shaped observation window glass, ensuring the continuity of the dome-shaped observation window glass surface and the uniformity of its thickness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of manned submersibles, and in particular to a method and tooling for processing a dome-shaped observation window glass. Background Technology

[0002] The observation window is the eye of a submersible, and was once the only means for manned submersibles to observe the outside world. The observation window allows the crew inside the submersible to observe the extreme external environment through a visual window, and to process and respond to it simultaneously, facilitating operational control.

[0003] There are three basic structural forms for observation windows: flat round, frustum-shaped, and spherical. The flat round shape was the earliest observation window used on submersibles; it is easy to process and install, and has low manufacturing costs, but it offers a small field of view and low pressure resistance. The frustum-shaped shape is the main structural form for submersible observation windows, but it requires the observer's eye to be very close to the window, and it can cause image distortion. The spherical shape is the most ideal form for withstanding external pressure; the dome-shaped observation window is one type of this. However, current manufacturing processes for dome-shaped observation windows result in high surface stress in the glass, making it difficult to guarantee the continuity of the glass surface and the uniformity of thickness, leading to low light transmittance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the background art, this application provides a processing method for a dome-shaped observation window glass, which can reduce the surface stress of the processed dome-shaped observation window glass, ensure the continuity of the shape and uniformity of the thickness of the dome-shaped observation window glass, and improve the light transmittance.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for processing a dome-shaped observation window glass is provided, comprising: adsorbing and fixing an observation window blank onto an inner surface processing fixing device, and performing positioning reference steps and rough milling of the inner surface; performing fine machining on the rough-milled inner surface; flipping the observation window blank over and adsorbing and fixing it onto an outer surface processing fixing device, and sequentially performing rough machining and fine machining on the outer surface of the observation window blank; sequentially performing rough machining, semi-finishing machining and fine machining on the edge structure of the observation window blank; sequentially reciprocatingly grinding the surface of the observation window blank with sandpaper from coarse to fine, and then polishing it with polishing liquid to obtain the observation window glass.

[0006] By using the processing method of the spherical crown-shaped observation window glass in this technical solution, the observation window blank is positioned and clamped by a special processing fixture. Adsorption technology is used to ensure the rigidity and stability of the observation window blank during the processing, realizing the overall processing of the observation window. Through rough milling or rough machining to semi-finishing and / or finishing, followed by sanding with coarse to fine sandpaper and polishing with polishing liquid, the surface stress of the processed spherical crown-shaped observation window glass is very small, and all residual stress introduced by processing is removed. This ensures the continuity of the observation window surface and the uniformity of thickness, enabling efficient and reliable processing of the spherical crown-shaped observation window glass. This guarantees the surface quality and optical requirements of the spherical crown-shaped observation window glass, avoids quality problems caused by vibration, poor surface quality, and discontinuity of the surface, and improves light transmittance.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, the observation window blank is fixed on the inner surface processing and fixing device with its formed outer surface as the positioning surface; a centerline mark is formed on the observation window blank, and the observation window blank is fixed on the inner surface processing and fixing device for alignment according to the centerline mark.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the observation window blank is fixed on the outer surface processing and fixing device with its inner surface after forming as the positioning surface.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the observation window blank is fixed on the outer surface processing and fixing device and aligned according to its reference step; the alignment deviation is less than 0.1 mm; the mold fit is not greater than 0.2 mm.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the rough milling of the positioning reference step and the inner surface is performed using a carbide end mill with a spindle speed of 8000-10000 r / min and a feed rate of 2000-3000 mm / min; the finishing of the inner surface is performed using a carbide ball end mill with a spindle speed of 10000-12000 r / min, a feed rate of 3000-5000 mm / min, an axial feed of 0.3 mm, and a residual height of 0.03 mm.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, both roughing and finishing of the outer surface are performed using carbide ball end mills; the roughing allowance is 1-3 mm; the finishing material removal is 0.3 mm; the spindle speed is 10000-12000 r / min; and the feed rate is 3000-5000 mm / min.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing of the edge structure are all performed using an extended carbide end mill; wherein, the axial feed rate for roughing is 15-20 mm, the radial feed rate is 3-5 mm, the spindle speed is 8000-10000 r / min, and the feed rate is 1500-2500 mm / min; the axial feed rate for semi-finishing is 5-10 mm, the radial feed rate is 1-3 mm, the spindle speed is 8000-10000 r / min, and the feed rate is 2000-3000 mm / min; and the axial feed rate for finishing is 2-3 mm, the radial feed rate is 0.3-0.5 mm, the spindle speed is 10000-12000 r / min, and the feed rate is 3000-5000 mm / min.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the surface of the observation window blank is polished by sequentially using P240, P600, P1500, and P3000 wet sandpaper.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, a processing fixture is provided for adsorbing and fixing an observation window blank in the above-described processing method, the processing fixture comprising an inner surface processing and fixing device and an outer surface processing and fixing device.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the inner surface processing and fixing device includes a first bracket, on which a first support surface adapted to the outer surface of the observation window blank is formed, a first sealing ring is provided between the first support surface and the outer surface of the observation window blank, and a first air nozzle is connected to the first support surface within the range of the first sealing ring.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the outer surface processing and fixing device includes a second bracket, on which a second support surface adapted to the inner surface of the observation window blank is formed, a second sealing ring is provided between the second support surface and the inner surface of the observation window blank, and a second air nozzle is connected to the second support surface within the range of the second sealing ring. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the internal surface machining fixing device and the blank with the observation window;

[0019] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the surface machining fixing device and the observation window blank.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a sectional view of the internal surface machining fixing device.

[0021] The reference numerals in the attached drawings represent the following: 1. Observation window blank; 2. First bracket; 3. First support surface; 4. First sealing ring; 5. First sealing groove; 6. First air nozzle; 7. Second bracket; 8. Second support surface; 9. Second sealing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0022] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments in this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0024] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0025] This application discloses a method for processing a dome-shaped observation window glass. The method for processing the dome-shaped observation window glass includes:

[0026] 1) Preliminary machining of inner surfaces

[0027] Preliminary machining of the inner surface includes rough milling of the positioning datum step and the inner surface, as well as finish machining of the inner surface, such as... Figure 1 and 3 As shown, the observation window blank 1 is first adsorbed and fixed on the inner surface machining fixing device, and then the positioning reference step and the inner surface are rough milled. After the rough milling is completed, the inner surface is further finished.

[0028] Specifically, in this embodiment, the initial machining of the inner surface is performed using a high-speed gantry five-axis machining center. The observation window blank 1 is clamped and positioned by a dedicated inner surface machining fixing device. Vacuum adsorption technology is used to adsorb and fix the observation window blank 1, ensuring the rigidity and stability of the observation window blank 1 during the machining process. The outer surface of the formed observation window blank 1 is used as the positioning surface for accurate reference transfer, and a centerline mark is formed on the observation window blank 1. The observation window blank 1 is fixed on the inner surface machining fixing device and aligned according to the centerline mark.

[0029] Specifically, in this embodiment, the positioning reference step and the rough milling of the inner surface are performed using a carbide end mill, with a spindle speed of 8000–10000 r / min and a feed rate of 2000–3000 mm / min. By employing high-speed cutting technology, most of the heat can be carried away by the chips, and the cutting area is cooled by compressed air during machining. The compressed air pressure is not less than 0.6 MPa, which can basically achieve cold machining.

[0030] Specifically, in this embodiment, the finishing of the inner surface is performed using a carbide ball end mill with a spindle speed of 10000–12000 r / min, a feed rate of 3000–5000 mm / min, an axial feed of 0.3 mm, and a residual height of 0.03 mm. Specifically, a 2-flute φ20 solid carbide ball end mill can be used. The surface stress of the finished observation window blank 1 is very low. After subsequent grinding and polishing, all residual stress introduced by the machining will be removed, ensuring the continuity of the inner surface of the observation window.

[0031] 2) Preliminary machining of the outer surface

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, after the initial machining of the inner surface is completed, the observation window blank 1 is flipped over and fixed to the outer surface machining fixing device. The outer surface of the observation window blank 1 is then subjected to rough machining and fine machining in sequence. Specifically, in this embodiment, the initial machining of the outer surface is performed using a high-speed gantry five-axis machining center. The observation window blank 1 is clamped and positioned by a dedicated outer surface machining fixing device. Vacuum adsorption technology is used to ensure the rigidity and stability of the observation window blank 1 during the machining process. The inner surface of the formed observation window blank 1 is used as the positioning surface for accurate reference transfer. The observation window blank 1 is aligned on the outer surface machining fixing device based on the reference step formed by the initial machining of its inner surface. The alignment deviation is less than 0.1 mm, and the mold fit is not greater than 0.2 mm.

[0033] Specifically, in this embodiment, both roughing and finishing of the outer surface are performed using carbide ball end mills; specifically, a 2-flute φ20 carbide ball end mill can be selected. The roughing allowance is set to 1–3 mm; during finishing, three-axis machining is used, a circular path is selected, the material removal during finishing is 0.3 mm, the spindle speed is 10000–12000 r / min, and the feed rate is 3000–5000 mm / min, ultimately completing the preliminary machining of the outer surface.

[0034] 3) Edge structure processing

[0035] After completing the initial machining of the outer surface, keep the observation window blank 1 on the outer surface machining fixing device, and use a 2-flute φ20 extended carbide end mill to perform rough machining, semi-finishing and finishing on the edge structure of the observation window glass in sequence.

[0036] Specifically, in this embodiment, the roughing of the edge structure involves an axial feed of 15–20 mm, a radial feed of 3–5 mm, a spindle speed of 8000–10000 r / min, and a feed rate of 1500–2500 mm / min. In this embodiment, the semi-finishing of the edge structure involves an axial feed of 5–10 mm, a radial feed of 1–3 mm, a spindle speed of 8000–10000 r / min, and a feed rate of 2000–3000 mm / min. In this embodiment, the finishing involves an axial feed of 2–3 mm, a radial feed of 0.3–0.5 mm, a spindle speed of 10000–12000 r / min, and a feed rate of 3000–5000 mm / min.

[0037] 4) Surface grinding and polishing

[0038] The observation window glass surface, after the inner and outer surfaces and edge structure have been processed, is repeatedly polished with P240, P600, P1500 and P3000 wet sandpaper, and then polished with polishing liquid to remove tool marks and sandpaper marks. The thickness of the processed surface is reduced by 0.1 to 0.2 mm, and finally the observation window glass is manufactured to obtain a spherical crown-shaped observation window glass.

[0039] By employing the processing method described in this technical solution, a high-speed gantry five-axis machining center is used for CNC machining. The observation window blank 1 is positioned and clamped by a dedicated internal and external surface machining fixing device. Vacuum adsorption technology is used to ensure the rigidity and stability of the observation window blank 1 during the machining process. The reference is accurately transferred through surface positioning to achieve the overall machining of the observation window. High-speed cutting technology is used, utilizing ball end mills or end mills, which can remove most of the heat through the chips. Furthermore, compressed air is used to cool the cutting area during machining, with the compressed air pressure not less than 0.6MPa, which can essentially achieve cold machining. The surface stress of the transparent part after machining using this technology is very small, and all residual stress introduced by machining is removed, ensuring the continuity of the observation window surface and the uniformity of the thickness. This enables efficient and reliable stable machining of the spherical crown-shaped observation window glass, ensuring the surface quality and optical requirements of the spherical crown-shaped observation window glass, and avoiding quality problems caused by vibration, poor surface quality, and surface discontinuity.

[0040] Five spherical observation windows with a thickness of 90-91 mm were prepared using the above method. Each spherical observation window was tested at multiple points and multiple times, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0041] Table 1. Thickness of a certain spherical observation window glass manufactured by this method.

[0042]

[0043] Comparative test results show that by using the processing tooling and optimizing the processing parameters in this invention to process the inner and outer surfaces of the observation window blank 1, the continuity of the observation window glass surface and the uniformity of its thickness can be guaranteed, and the light transmittance of the observation window glass can be greatly improved, thus enhancing the performance.

[0044] This application also proposes a processing fixture, which corresponds to the method embodiment described above. This fixture is used in the above processing method to adsorb and fix the observation window blank 1, thereby producing a dome-shaped observation window glass, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the machining fixture includes an internal surface machining fixing device and an external surface machining fixing device.

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, specifically, the inner surface processing and fixing device in this embodiment includes a first bracket 2. A first support surface 3 adapted to the outer surface of the observation window blank 1 is formed on the first bracket 2. A first sealing ring 4 is provided between the first support surface 3 and the outer surface of the observation window blank 1. A first air nozzle 6 is connected to the first support surface 3 within the range of the first sealing ring 4. During the inner surface processing, the outer surface of the observation window blank 1 can be placed on the first bracket 2 with the first support surface 3 facing it. Then, the first air nozzle 6 is connected to a negative pressure device. The negative pressure device forms a negative pressure zone within the area enclosed by the first sealing ring 4, thereby stably adsorbing and fixing the observation window blank 1 until the inner surface processing is completed. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first sealing ring 4 can be fixed by a first sealing groove 5 formed on the first support surface 3 to improve the fixing stability and sealing effect of the first sealing ring 4.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, specifically, the outer surface processing and fixing device in this embodiment includes a second bracket 7. A second support surface 8, adapted to the inner surface of the observation window blank 1, is formed on the second bracket 7. A second sealing ring 9 is provided between the second support surface 8 and the inner surface of the observation window blank 1. A second air nozzle (not shown) is connected to the second support surface 8 within the range of the second sealing ring 9. After the inner surface processing is completed, the observation window blank 1 can be flipped over, and placed on the second bracket 7 with its inner surface facing the second support surface 8. Then, the second air nozzle is connected to a negative pressure device, which creates a negative pressure zone within the area enclosed by the second sealing ring 9, thereby stably adsorbing and fixing the observation window blank 1 until the outer surface processing is completed. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the second sealing ring 9 can be fixed by a second sealing groove (not shown) formed on the second support surface 8 to improve the fixing stability and sealing effect of the second sealing ring 9.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for processing a dome-shaped observation window glass, characterized in that, include: The observation window blank is adsorbed and fixed on the inner surface machining and fixing device. The observation window blank is fixed on the inner surface machining and fixing device with its formed outer surface as the positioning surface. A center line mark is formed on the observation window blank. The observation window blank is fixed on the inner surface machining and fixing device and aligned according to the center line mark. Then, the positioning reference step and the inner surface rough milling are performed. The inner surfaces after rough milling are then finished. The observation window blank is flipped over and fixed to the outer surface processing and fixing device. The inner surface of the observation window blank after its formation is used as the positioning surface to fix it to the outer surface processing and fixing device. The observation window blank is fixed to the outer surface processing and fixing device and aligned according to its reference step. The alignment deviation is less than 0.1mm and the mold fit is not greater than 0.2mm. Then, the outer surface of the observation window blank is roughed and finely machined in sequence. The edge structure of the observation window blank is sequentially roughed, semi-finished, and finished. The surface of the observation window blank is repeatedly sanded with sandpaper of varying coarseness, and then polished with polishing liquid to obtain the observation window glass.

2. The processing method of the spherical crown-shaped observation window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rough milling of the positioning reference step and the inner surface is performed using a carbide end mill with a spindle speed of 8000-10000 r / min and a feed rate of 2000-3000 mm / min. The finishing of the inner surface is performed using a carbide ball end mill with a spindle speed of 10000-12000 r / min, a feed rate of 3000-5000 mm / min, an axial feed of 0.3 mm, and a residual height of 0.03 mm.

3. The processing method of the spherical crown-shaped observation window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both roughing and finishing of the outer surface are performed using carbide ball end mills; the roughing allowance is 1-3 mm; the finishing material removal is 0.3 mm; the spindle speed is 10000-12000 r / min; and the feed rate is 3000-5000 mm / min.

4. The processing method of the spherical crown-shaped observation window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing of the edge structure are all performed using extended carbide end mills. For roughing, the axial feed is 15–20 mm, the radial feed is 3–5 mm, the spindle speed is 8000–10000 r / min, and the feed rate is 1500–2500 mm / min. For semi-finishing, the axial feed is 5–10 mm, the radial feed is 1–3 mm, the spindle speed is 8000–10000 r / min, and the feed rate is 2000–3000 mm / min. For finishing, the axial feed is 2–3 mm, the radial feed is 0.3–0.5 mm, the spindle speed is 10000–12000 r / min, and the feed rate is 3000–5000 mm / min.

5. The method for processing the spherical crown-shaped observation window glass according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The surface of the observation window blank was polished using P240, P600, P1500, and P3000 wet sandpaper in sequence.

6. A machining tooling, characterized in that, The machining fixture is used to adsorb and fix the observation window blank in the machining method according to any one of claims 1-5, and the machining fixture includes an inner surface machining and fixing device and an outer surface machining and fixing device.

7. The machining tooling according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner surface processing and fixing device includes a first bracket, on which a first support surface adapted to the outer surface of the observation window blank is formed. A first sealing ring is provided between the first support surface and the outer surface of the observation window blank, and a first air nozzle is connected to the first support surface within the range of the first sealing ring. The outer surface processing and fixing device includes a second bracket, on which a second support surface adapted to the inner surface of the observation window blank is formed. A second sealing ring is provided between the second support surface and the inner surface of the observation window blank, and a second air nozzle is connected to the second support surface within the range of the second sealing ring.

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