High-damping multi-dimensional shock isolation device with anti-swaying function and shock isolation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-damping multi-dimensional shock-isolating device with anti-sway function and a shock-isolating method thereof. The device comprises an upper steel plate, a middle steel plate, and a lower steel plate arranged in parallel in the vertical direction; a vertical shock-isolating unit is provided between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate; a horizontal shock-isolating unit is provided between the middle steel plate and the lower steel plate; an anti-swaying unit is also provided between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate, and is provided on the periphery of the vertical shock-isolating unit to enable only vertical translation without relative rotational deformation between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate, thereby suppressing the sway response of the structure. The horizontal shock-isolating unit and the vertical shock-isolating unit do not interfere with each other during operation, significantly improving the shock-isolating efficiency and working stability of the device. The device solves the problem of structural sway response caused by low vertical stiffness, and the force process of the device is clear and easy to process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a high-damping multi-dimensional shock-isolating device with an anti-swaying function and a shock-isolating method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Earthquakes are serious natural disasters. Strong seismic activity severely threatens the service life of buildings and causes immeasurable damage to human life and property. To minimize the structural response to earthquakes, seismic isolation and damping technology is widely used to control structural vibration response. This technology extends the structure's natural vibration period by installing a seismic isolation device between the base and foundation, thereby reducing the upper structure's response to earthquakes. This technology is particularly important for buildings in high-intensity areas.

[0003] Currently, seismic isolation technology is widely used in large-span structures, bridges, and lifeline projects. However, recent earthquake events have demonstrated that the single-directional control (controlling only seismic action in a single direction) and weak energy dissipation capacity remain key challenges for seismic isolation technology. In reality, the seismic excitations that buildings may experience during their service life are often multi-directional, and the seismic input energy is significantly higher than that of a unidirectional earthquake. Therefore, conventional seismic isolation devices may not be suitable for controlling structural response under multi-directional ground motion.

[0004] To address these challenges, multi-dimensional seismic isolation devices offer structural innovations, utilizing different combinations of horizontal and vertical isolation units to effectively isolate multi-directional seismic motion, thereby improving a building's resilience to disasters. Existing multi-dimensional seismic isolation devices often assume that horizontal and vertical isolation units operate independently, ignoring the structural sway response and selecting appropriate isolation components based on the appropriate design criteria.

[0005] However, in reality, the sway response of a structure is related to the vertical stiffness of the device. The lower the vertical stiffness of the multi-dimensional isolation and damping device, the greater the sway response of the structure. If the anti-sway device is not considered to control the sway response of the structure during the design phase, it will pose a significant threat to the safety of the structure: first, the sway response increases the inter-story displacement angle of the superstructure, exacerbating structural damage and reducing the building's comfort; second, an excessively large sway angle increases the possibility of the building overturning, seriously reducing the overall stability of the structure. Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of existing isolation and damping devices, such as poor structural sway response suppression and low multi-directional seismic response isolation efficiency, it is an urgent problem to design a high-damping multi-dimensional isolation and damping device with an anti-sway function to decouple the horizontal and vertical seismic responses of the structure. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a high-damping, multi-dimensional vibration isolation device with anti-sway function. This device can effectively control the structural response under multi-directional earthquake motion, resolving the problem of structural sway response caused by low vertical stiffness. Furthermore, the device has a simple structure and good stability, making it easy to promote and apply.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical means adopted by the present invention are: a high-damping multi-dimensional shock-isolating device with anti-swaying function, comprising: an upper steel plate, a middle steel plate, and a lower steel plate arranged in parallel in the vertical direction; a vertical shock-isolating unit is provided between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate, and the vertical shock-isolating unit is provided with: a disc spring for providing vertical bearing capacity and shock-isolating effect; a first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad for providing vertical damping and dissipating vibration energy; a horizontal shock-isolating unit is provided between the middle steel plate and the lower steel plate, and the horizontal shock-isolating unit includes several steel plates and a device A layer of viscoelastic material is placed between every two steel plates, the upper end of the horizontal shock-isolating unit is fixedly connected to the middle steel plate, and the lower end of the horizontal shock-isolating unit is fixedly connected to the lower steel plate; an anti-sway unit is also provided between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate, which is arranged on the periphery of the vertical shock-isolating unit to make only vertical translation occur between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate without relative rotation deformation, thereby suppressing the sway response of the structure, including: an upper steel cylinder, the lower end of the upper steel cylinder is open and the upper end is closed, the upper end of the upper steel cylinder is fixedly connected or welded to the upper steel plate by bolts; a lower steel cylinder is coaxially sleeved with the upper steel cylinder, The lower end of the lower steel cylinder is closed and is fixedly connected or welded to the middle steel plate by bolts. A circular hole is provided at the upper end of the lower steel cylinder and extends into the inner cavity of the upper steel cylinder; a round rod, the upper end of the round rod has no enlarged head, and the lower end has an enlarged head. The lower end of the round rod is arranged in the inner cavity of the lower steel cylinder, and the upper end of the round rod passes through the circular hole at the upper end of the lower steel cylinder and extends into the inner cavity of the upper steel cylinder and is fixedly connected or welded to the upper end of the upper steel cylinder by bolts; a second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is arranged in the inner cavity of the lower steel cylinder and is connected to the lower end of the lower steel cylinder by adhesive; a third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is arranged in the inner cavity of the lower steel cylinder, is sleeved on the round rod and is located There are gaps between the enlarged head at the lower end of the round rod and the upper end of the lower steel cylinder; there are gaps between the second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad and the inner wall of the lower steel cylinder, and between the third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad and the inner wall of the lower steel cylinder; the outer diameter of the lower steel cylinder is equal to the inner diameter of the upper steel cylinder, and only relative vertical translation can occur between the lower steel cylinder and the upper steel cylinder; the net distance between the upper end of the lower steel cylinder and the upper end of the upper steel cylinder meets the deformation requirements of the vertical isolation and shock-absorbing unit under gravity load and earthquake action; the diameter of the upper end of the round rod is equal to the diameter of the opening at the upper end of the lower steel cylinder; the diameter of the enlarged head at the lower end of the round rod is equal to the inner diameter of the lower steel cylinder.

[0008] The vertical isolation and shock-absorbing units include four groups, and the four groups of vertical isolation and shock-absorbing units are evenly and symmetrically arranged on the plane. Each group of vertical isolation and shock-absorbing units has the same structure and includes: a guide cylinder, the lower end of the guide cylinder is closed and the upper end is open, and the lower end of the guide cylinder is fixedly connected to the middle steel plate by bolts or welded; a disc spring, including several, and the disc springs are coaxially sleeved on the outside of the guide cylinder after being combined, and the inner diameter of the disc spring is larger than the outer diameter of the guide cylinder; the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is arranged inside the guide cylinder, and the lower end is connected to the lower end of the guide cylinder by an adhesive; a gap is left between the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad and the inner wall of the guide cylinder, and the height of the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is greater than the height of the guide cylinder.

[0009] The anti-sway units comprise four groups, evenly and symmetrically distributed around the four groups of vertical isolation and damping units. An annular high-damping, high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is also installed between the vertical isolation and damping units and the anti-sway units. The pad is adhesively bonded to the middle steel plate, with its upper end positioned 1-5 mm lower than the lower surface of the upper steel plate.

[0010] The inner diameter of the disc spring is 0.4~3.2mm larger than the outer diameter of the guide tube; the diameter of the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is 5~10mm smaller than the inner diameter of the guide tube; the upper end of the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is 1~5mm lower than the lower surface of the upper steel plate; the net distance between the upper end of the guide tube and the lower surface of the upper steel plate meets the deformation requirements of the vertical isolation and shock-absorbing unit under gravity load and earthquake.

[0011] The diameters of the second and third high-damping, high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pads are 5-10 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the lower steel cylinder. The upper end of the second high-damping, high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is 1-5 mm lower than the enlarged end of the round rod. The upper end of the annular high-damping, high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is 1-5 mm lower than the lower surface of the upper steel plate.

[0012] The present invention further discloses a shock isolation and reduction method based on the high-damping multi-dimensional shock isolation and reduction device with anti-sway function, wherein the upper steel plate is used to support the building and is fixedly connected to the building, and the lower steel plate is fixed on the foundation; when the deadweight load of the upper building acts on the multi-dimensional shock isolation and reduction device, the upper steel plate moves vertically downward, compressing the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad, causing the device to deform vertically and be in an initial compressed state; when the multi-dimensional shock isolation and reduction device is subjected to a vertical earthquake, the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate move vertically relative to each other, and the vertical shock isolation and reduction unit undergoes reciprocating compression deformation, which The multi-dimensional shock isolation and absorption device forms a relatively weak layer of stiffness in the vertical direction compared with the main structure, thereby playing the role of vertical shock isolation. At the same time, the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad in a compressed state quickly dissipates vertical vibration energy through compression deformation, thereby playing the role of energy dissipation and shock absorption. In addition, under vertical earthquakes, the anti-sway unit arranged on the periphery of the vertical shock isolation and absorption unit causes only vertical translation without relative rotational deformation between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate, thereby suppressing the sway response of the structure, and the movement of the anti-sway unit is accompanied by the second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad. and the compression energy consumption of the third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad, which significantly improves the vertical shock-isolating efficiency of the device; when the multi-dimensional shock-isolating device is pulled under the action of a vertical earthquake, the upper steel cylinder moves vertically upward and drives the enlarged head at the lower end of the round rod to squeeze the third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad, providing a certain tensile and pull-out force for the vertical shock-isolating unit of the device; when the multi-dimensional shock-isolating device is subjected to a horizontal earthquake, the lower steel plate and the middle steel plate move horizontally relative to each other, and the horizontal shock-isolating unit undergoes shear deformation to dissipate the earthquake energy. At this time, the multi-dimensional shock-isolating device is horizontally aligned with the main structure. Compared with the above, a relatively stiff weak layer is formed, thereby playing a role in horizontal shock isolation and absorption; in addition, since the device has a large anti-sway stiffness, there is no relative rotational deformation between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate of the device under the action of an earthquake, so the horizontal earthquake action will not affect the function of the vertical shock isolation and absorption unit of the device, thereby suppressing the sway response of the structure; with the end of the earthquake action, the horizontal shock isolation and absorption unit, the vertical shock isolation and absorption unit and the anti-sway unit all return to their initial equilibrium positions, and the high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad returns to its initial compressed state under the action of gravity, and the multi-dimensional shock isolation and absorption device is self-resetting.

[0013] Compared to existing technologies, the present invention offers the following advantages: 1. The device effectively isolates and attenuates multi-directional seismic motion. The device's horizontal isolation and damping units isolate horizontal seismic effects through shear deformation, while the vertical isolation and damping units isolate vertical seismic effects through spring compression deformation. Furthermore, high-damping, high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pads dissipate vibration energy, overcoming the drawback of conventional isolation and damping devices, which typically only control a single direction.

[0014] Second, the device effectively suppresses the sway response of the structure. Under multi-directional earthquakes, the anti-sway unit provides the device with greater anti-sway stiffness, resulting in only vertical translation between the upper and middle steel plates without relative rotational deformation, thereby suppressing the sway response of the structure. Therefore, horizontal earthquakes do not affect the function of the device's vertical isolation and damping units, ensuring that the horizontal and vertical isolation and damping units operate independently, improving the device's isolation and damping efficiency.

[0015] 3. The device has a high energy dissipation capacity. The viscoelastic shock-absorbing pads in the device are initially compressed under gravity load, ensuring that they can quickly compress, deform, and dissipate energy when a vertical earthquake occurs. Furthermore, the multiple high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pads arranged in the device can quickly absorb and dissipate earthquake input energy, thereby improving the device's energy dissipation and shock absorption capabilities.

[0016] Fourth, the device has good stability and a certain degree of tensile strength. The anti-sway unit ensures that the device only undergoes translational movement under multi-directional earthquakes, greatly reducing the inter-story displacement angle of the superstructure and the possibility of overturning. When the device is subjected to tension, the high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pads provide vertical tensile stiffness and damping through compression deformation, preventing tensile damage to the vertical isolation and damping units. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Detailed structural diagram of the multi-dimensional shock isolation and damping device of the present invention; Figure 2 A three-dimensional view of the multi-dimensional shock isolation and absorption device of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a partial enlarged view of the anti-sway unit in the multi-dimensional shock isolation and damping device of the present invention; wherein, 1, upper steel plate; 2, middle steel plate; 3, lower steel plate; 4, horizontal shock isolation and damping unit; 4-1, high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic material layer; 4-2, laminated steel plate; 4-3, sealing plate; 4-4, sealing plate connecting bolts; 5, vertical shock isolation and damping unit; 5-1, disc spring; 5-2, first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad; 5-3, guide cylinder; 5-4, guide cylinder connecting bolts; 6, anti-sway unit; 6-1, upper steel cylinder; 6-2, lower steel cylinder; 6-3, round rod; 6-4, enlarged head; 6-5, second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad; 6-6, third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad; 6-7, steel cylinder connecting bolts; 7, annular high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention can be better understood according to the following examples. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the contents described in the examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not and will not limit the present invention described in detail in the claims.

[0019] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention describes a high-damping, multi-dimensional vibration isolation and damping device with anti-sway function. The multi-dimensional vibration isolation and damping device comprises an upper steel plate 1, a middle steel plate 2, a lower steel plate 3, a horizontal vibration isolation and damping unit, a vertical vibration isolation and damping unit, an anti-sway unit, and an annular high-damping, high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 7. The upper steel plate 1 is fixedly connected to the building structure to support the building, while the lower steel plate 3 is fixed to the foundation.

[0020] In Example 1, the upper steel plate 1, the middle steel plate 2 and the lower steel plate 3 are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other, a horizontal isolation and damping unit is arranged between the lower steel plate 3 and the middle steel plate 2, and a vertical isolation and damping unit, an anti-sway unit and an annular high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 7 are arranged between the upper steel plate 1 and the middle steel plate 2.

[0021] The horizontal isolation and damping unit is a high-damping viscoelastic core support, which is formed by alternating a high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic material layer 4-1 and multiple steel plates 4-2, and then vulcanized under high temperature and high pressure; a number of threaded holes are opened on the upper and lower steel plates 4-3 of the horizontal isolation and damping unit, which are fixedly connected to the middle steel plate 2 and the lower steel plate 3 through the sealing plate connecting bolts 4-4, and the connecting bolts 4-4 are evenly and symmetrically arranged around the center of the horizontal isolation and damping unit 4.

[0022] There are four groups of vertical isolation and damping units, which are evenly and symmetrically arranged on the plane. Each group of vertical isolation and damping units has the same structure, including a disc spring 5-1, a first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic damping pad 5-2, a guide cylinder 5-3 and a guide cylinder connecting bolt 5-4.

[0023] The disc spring 5-1 is looped around the outside of the guide tube 5-3, primarily providing vertical bearing capacity and seismic isolation. The inner diameter of the disc spring 5-1 is 0.4-3.2 mm larger than the outer diameter of the guide tube 5-3, and the clearance between the two meets relevant regulatory requirements. A first high-damping, high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 5-2 is positioned within the guide tube 5-3 to provide vertical damping and dissipate vibration energy. Its diameter is 5-10 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the guide tube 5-3, and its upper end is 1-5 mm lower than the lower surface of the upper steel plate 1. The guide tube 5-3 is open at the top and closed at the bottom. It is fixed to the middle steel plate 2 via guide tube connecting bolts 5-4, primarily guiding the movement of the disc spring 5-1.

[0024] There are four groups of anti-sway units, which are evenly and symmetrically distributed around the four groups of vertical isolation and shock-absorbing units. Each group of anti-sway units has the same structure, including an upper steel cylinder 6-1, a lower steel cylinder 6-2, a round rod 6-3, an enlarged head 6-4, a second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 6-5, a third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 6-6 and a steel cylinder connecting bolt 6-7.

[0025] The lower end of the upper steel cylinder 6-1 is open, the upper end is closed and fixedly connected to the upper steel plate 1 by bolts 6-7; the lower end of the lower steel cylinder 6-2 is closed and fixedly connected to the middle steel plate 2 by bolts 6-7, and a circular hole is provided at the upper end of the lower steel cylinder 6-2 and extends into the inner cavity of the upper steel cylinder 6-1; the outer diameter of the lower steel cylinder 6-2 is equal to the inner diameter of the upper steel cylinder 6-1, ensuring that only vertical translation occurs between the upper steel plate 1 and the middle steel plate 2 without relative rotational deformation, thereby suppressing the sway response of the structure.

[0026] The upper end of the round rod 6-3 is welded to the upper end of the upper steel cylinder 6-1, and the lower end of the round rod 6-3 is connected to the enlarged head 6-4 and is arranged in the inner cavity of the lower steel cylinder 6-2; the diameter of the upper end of the round rod 6-3 is equal to the diameter of the opening at the upper end of the lower steel cylinder 6-2, and the diameter of the enlarged head 6-4 at the lower end of the round rod is equal to the inner diameter of the lower steel cylinder 6-2; the second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 6-5 is arranged in the inner cavity of the lower steel cylinder 6-2, and is connected to the lower end of the lower steel cylinder 6-2 by adhesive, and the third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 6-6 is arranged between the enlarged head 6-4 at the lower end of the round rod and the upper end of the lower steel cylinder 6-2. Therefore, when the vertical isolation and shock-absorbing unit 5 is deformed, the enlarged head 6-4 in the anti-sway unit 6 squeezes the second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 6-5 and the third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 6-6 up and down, thereby dissipating seismic energy. Furthermore, the diameters of the second high-damping, high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 6-5 and the third high-damping, high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 6-6 are 5-10 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the lower steel cylinder 6-2. The upper end of the second high-damping, high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 6-5 is 1-5 mm lower than the enlarged end 6-4 of the round rod. The annular high-damping, high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 7 is circumferentially arranged between the four sets of vertical isolation and damping units and the four sets of anti-sway units and is adhesively connected to the middle steel plate 2. The upper end of the annular high-damping, high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 7 is 1-5 mm lower than the lower surface of the upper steel plate 1, ensuring that under vertical earthquakes, the upper steel plate 1 compresses the annular high-damping, high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad 7 to deform and dissipate vibration energy.

[0027] Embodiment 1 of the present invention is a high-damping multi-dimensional shock-isolating device with an anti-swaying function. The working method is as follows: the upper steel plate is used to support the building and is fixedly connected to the building, and the lower steel plate is fixed on the foundation; when the deadweight load of the upper building acts on the multi-dimensional shock-isolating device, the upper steel plate moves vertically downward, compressing the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-isolating pad, the second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-isolating pad and the annular high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-isolating pad to vertically deform, and the device is in an initial compressed state to ensure that all viscoelastic shock-isolating pads participate in energy dissipation under the action of vertical earthquakes; when the multi-dimensional shock-isolating device is subjected to vertical earthquakes ... The plate and the middle steel plate move vertically relative to each other, and the vertical shock-isolating unit undergoes reciprocating compression deformation. At this time, the multi-dimensional shock-isolating device forms a relatively rigid weak layer compared with the main structure in the vertical direction, thereby playing the role of vertical shock isolation. At the same time, the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-isolating pad and the annular high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-isolating pad in a compressed state quickly dissipate the vertical vibration energy through compression deformation, thereby playing the role of energy dissipation and shock absorption. In addition, under vertical earthquakes, since the anti-sway unit has a large shear bearing capacity and bending bearing capacity, only relative vertical translation can occur between the lower steel cylinder and the upper steel cylinder, thereby ensuring the coordination between the vertical shock-isolating units. At the same time, only vertical translational deformation can occur, and the movement of the anti-sway unit is accompanied by the compression energy consumption of the second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad and the third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad, which significantly improves the vertical shock isolation and absorption efficiency of the device; when the multi-dimensional shock isolation and absorption device is pulled under the action of a vertical earthquake, the upper steel cylinder moves vertically upward and drives the enlarged head at the lower end of the round rod to squeeze the third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad, providing a certain tensile and pulling force for the vertical shock isolation and absorption unit of the device; when the multi-dimensional shock isolation and absorption device is subjected to horizontal earthquake, the lower steel plate and the middle steel plate move horizontally relative to each other, and the horizontal shock isolation and absorption unit undergoes shear deformation, dissipating Earthquake energy, at this time, the multi-dimensional shock isolation and damping device forms a relatively weak layer in the horizontal direction compared with the main structure, thereby playing the role of horizontal shock isolation and damping; in addition, since the device has a large anti-sway stiffness, there is no relative rotational deformation between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate of the device under the action of the earthquake, so the horizontal earthquake action will not affect the function of the vertical shock isolation and damping unit of the device, thereby suppressing the sway response of the structure; with the end of the earthquake action, the horizontal shock isolation and damping unit, the vertical shock isolation and damping unit and the anti-sway unit all return to their initial equilibrium positions, the viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad returns to the initial compressed state under the action of gravity, and the multi-dimensional shock isolation and damping device self-resets.

Claims

1. A high-damping multi-dimensional shock-isolating device with anti-sway function, comprising: An upper steel plate, a middle steel plate, and a lower steel plate are arranged parallel to each other in the vertical direction; a vertical shock-isolating unit is provided between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate, and the vertical shock-isolating unit is provided with: Disc springs are used to provide vertical bearing capacity and seismic isolation; The first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is used to provide vertical damping and dissipate vibration energy; A horizontal shock-isolating unit is provided between the middle steel plate and the lower steel plate, the horizontal shock-isolating unit comprising a plurality of steel plates and a viscoelastic material layer provided between each two steel plates, the upper end of the horizontal shock-isolating unit being fixedly connected to the middle steel plate, and the lower end of the horizontal shock-isolating unit being fixedly connected to the lower steel plate; It is characterized in that an anti-sway unit is further provided between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate, and is arranged on the periphery of the vertical shock-isolating unit to enable only vertical translation without relative rotation deformation between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate, thereby suppressing the sway response of the structure, comprising: an upper steel cylinder, the lower end of the upper steel cylinder is open and the upper end is closed, and the upper end of the upper steel cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper steel plate by bolts or welding; The lower steel cylinder is coaxially sleeved with the upper steel cylinder, the lower end of the lower steel cylinder is closed, and is fixedly connected to the middle steel plate by bolts or welding, and the upper end of the lower steel cylinder is provided with a circular hole and extends into the inner cavity of the upper steel cylinder; A round rod, wherein the upper end of the round rod has no enlarged head and the lower end has an enlarged head, the lower end of the round rod is arranged in the inner cavity of the lower steel cylinder, the upper end of the round rod passes through the circular hole at the upper end of the lower steel cylinder and extends into the inner cavity of the upper steel cylinder and is fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper steel cylinder by bolts or welding; The second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is arranged in the inner cavity of the lower steel cylinder and connected to the lower end of the lower steel cylinder by adhesive; The third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is arranged in the inner cavity of the lower steel cylinder, is sleeved on the round rod and is located between the enlarged head at the lower end of the round rod and the upper end of the lower steel cylinder; There are gaps between the second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad and the inner wall of the lower steel cylinder, and between the third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad and the inner wall of the lower steel cylinder; The outer diameter of the lower steel cylinder is equal to the inner diameter of the upper steel cylinder, and only relative vertical translation can occur between the lower steel cylinder and the upper steel cylinder; The net distance between the upper end of the lower steel cylinder and the upper end of the upper steel cylinder meets the deformation requirements of the vertical shock isolation unit under gravity load and earthquake action; The diameter of the upper end of the round rod is equal to the diameter of the opening at the upper end of the lower steel cylinder; The diameter of the enlarged head at the lower end of the round rod is equal to the inner diameter of the lower steel cylinder; The vertical shock-isolating units include four groups, which are evenly and symmetrically arranged on a plane. Each group of vertical shock-isolating units has the same structure and includes: a guide cylinder, the lower end of which is closed and the upper end is open, and the lower end of the guide cylinder is fixedly connected to the middle steel plate by bolts or welding; The disc springs include a plurality of disc springs, which are assembled and coaxially sleeved on the outside of the guide cylinder, and the inner diameter of the disc springs is larger than the outer diameter of the guide cylinder; The first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is arranged inside the guide cylinder, and the lower end is connected to the lower end of the guide cylinder by an adhesive; a gap is left between the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad and the inner wall of the guide cylinder, and the height of the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is greater than the height of the guide cylinder; The anti-sway unit includes four groups, and the four groups of anti-sway units are evenly and symmetrically distributed around the four groups of vertical isolation and shock-absorbing units; An annular high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is also provided between the vertical shock-isolating unit and the anti-swaying unit. The annular high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is connected to the middle steel plate by an adhesive. The upper end of the annular high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is 1 to 5 mm lower than the lower surface of the upper steel plate.

2. The high-damping multi-dimensional shock-isolating device with anti-sway function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner diameter of the disc spring is 0.4 to 3.2 mm larger than the outer diameter of the guide cylinder; The diameter of the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is 5-10 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the guide tube; The upper end of the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is 1-5 mm lower than the lower surface of the upper steel plate; The net distance between the upper end of the guide cylinder and the lower surface of the upper steel plate meets the deformation requirements of the vertical shock isolation unit under gravity load and earthquake action.

3. The high-damping multi-dimensional shock-isolating device with anti-sway function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diameters of the second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad and the third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad are 5-10 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the lower steel cylinder; The upper end of the second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is 1-5 mm lower than the enlarged head of the lower end of the round rod.

4. The high-damping multi-dimensional shock-isolating device with anti-sway function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the annular high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad is 1-5 mm lower than the lower surface of the upper steel plate.

5. A vibration isolation and reduction method based on the high-damping multi-dimensional vibration isolation and reduction device with anti-sway function according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The upper steel plate is used to support the building and is fixed to the building, and the lower steel plate is fixed to the foundation; When the deadweight load of the upper building acts on the multi-dimensional shock isolation device, the upper steel plate moves vertically downward, compressing the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad, causing the device to deform vertically and be in an initial compression state; When the multi-dimensional shock isolation and damping device is subjected to vertical earthquake action, the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate move vertically relative to each other, and the vertical shock isolation and damping unit undergoes reciprocating compression deformation. At this time, the multi-dimensional shock isolation and damping device forms a relatively rigid weak layer compared with the main structure in the vertical direction, thereby playing the role of vertical shock isolation. At the same time, the first high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad in a compressed state quickly dissipates vertical vibration energy through compression deformation, thereby playing the role of energy dissipation and shock absorption. In addition, under vertical earthquakes, the anti-sway unit arranged on the periphery of the vertical shock isolation and damping unit causes only vertical translation without relative rotational deformation between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate, thereby suppressing the sway response of the structure. Moreover, the movement of the anti-sway unit is accompanied by the compression energy consumption of the second high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad and the third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad, which significantly improves the vertical shock isolation and damping efficiency of the device. When the multi-dimensional shock isolation and absorption device is pulled under the action of a vertical earthquake, the upper steel cylinder moves vertically upward, thereby driving the enlarged head at the lower end of the round rod to squeeze the third high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic shock-absorbing pad, providing a certain tensile and pull-out resistance for the vertical shock isolation and absorption unit of the device; When the multi-dimensional seismic isolation device is subjected to a horizontal earthquake, the lower steel plate and the middle steel plate move horizontally relative to each other, and the horizontal seismic isolation unit undergoes shear deformation, dissipating the seismic energy. At this time, the multi-dimensional seismic isolation device forms a relatively weak layer in the horizontal direction compared to the main structure, thereby playing a role in horizontal seismic isolation. In addition, because the device has a large anti-sway stiffness, there is no relative rotational deformation between the upper steel plate and the middle steel plate of the device under the action of an earthquake. Therefore, the horizontal earthquake action will not affect the functioning of the vertical seismic isolation unit of the device, thereby suppressing the sway response of the structure. As the earthquake ends, the horizontal isolation and damping unit, the vertical isolation and damping unit and the anti-sway unit all return to their initial equilibrium positions, the high-damping and high-dissipation viscoelastic damping pad returns to its initial compressed state under gravity, and the multi-dimensional isolation and damping device resets itself.

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